Normalization (Reflection, Transmission); Reflection Osm Calibration; One Path Two Ports Calibration - R&S ZNB Series User Manual

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R&S ZNB/ZNBT
4.5.1.1

Normalization (reflection, transmission)

A normalization is the simplest calibration type since it requires the measurement of
only one standard for each calibrated S-parameter:
●
One-port (reflection) S-parameters (S
Short standard providing the reflection tracking error term.
●
Two-port (transmission) S-parameters (S
standard providing the transmission tracking error term.
Normalization means that the measured S-parameter at each sweep point is divided by
the corresponding S-parameter of the standard. A normalization eliminates the fre-
quency-dependent attenuation and phase shift in the measurement path (reflection or
transmission tracking error). It does not compensate for directivity or mismatch errors.
This limits the accuracy of a normalization.
●
Manual reflection normalizations offer
ments
●
Manual transmission normalizations support
ment
Complementary Match standard measurements
For reflection normalizations, the mandatory Open or Short measurements can be
complemented by optional Match measurements. Additionally, measuring a Match
standard allows you to eliminate errors due to the directivity of the internal couplers,
which improves the accuracy of reflection measurements on well-matched DUTs (high
return loss).
For reflection measurements on DUTs with low return loss, accuracy may be degraded
compared to a simple reflection normalization.
4.5.1.2

Reflection OSM calibration

A reflection OSM (full one-port) calibration requires a Short, an Open and a Match
standard to be connected to a single test port. The three standard measurements are
used to derive all three reflection error terms:
●
The Short and Open standards are used to derive the source match and the reflec-
tion tracking error terms.
●
The Match standard is used to derive the directivity error.
A reflection OSM calibration is more accurate than a normalization but is only applica-
ble for reflection measurements.
4.5.1.3

One Path Two Ports Calibration

A one path two ports calibration combines a reflection OSM (full one-port) calibration
with a transmission normalization. The fully calibrated port is termed the node port.
User Manual 1173.9163.02 ─ 62
(optional).
Concepts and features
, S , ...) are calibrated with an Open or a
11 22
, S , ...) are calibrated with a Through
12 21
Complementary Match standard measure-
Complementary isolation measure-
Calibration
166