Intel ITANIUM ARCHITECTURE - SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS MANUAL VOLUME 1 REV 2.3 Manual page 1319

• SignExtend(value) – Returns a value sign-extended to the operand-size attribute
of the instruction. For example, if the operand-size attribute is 32, sign extending a
byte containing the value -10 converts the byte from F6H to a doubleword value of
FFFFFFF6H. If the value passed to the SignExtend function and the operand-size
attribute are the same size, SignExtend returns the value unaltered.
• SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte – Converts a signed 16-bit value to a signed
8-bit value. If the signed 16-bit value is less than -128, it is represented by the
saturated value -128 (80H); if it is greater than 127, it is represented by the
saturated value 127 (7FH).
• SaturateSignedDwordToSignedWord – Converts a signed 32-bit value to a
signed 16-bit value. If the signed 32-bit value is less than -32768, it is represented
by the saturated value
-32768 (8000H); if it is greater than 32767, it is represented by the saturated
value 32767 (7FFFH).
• SaturateSignedWordToUnsignedByte – Converts a signed 16-bit value to an
unsigned 8-bit value. If the signed 16-bit value is less than zero, it is represented
by the saturated value zero (00H); if it is greater than 255, it is represented by the
saturated value 255 (FFH).
• SaturateToSignedByte – Represents the result of an operation as a signed 8-bit
value. If the result is less than -128, it is represented by the saturated value -128
(80H); if it is greater than 127, it is represented by the saturated value 127 (7FH).
• SaturateToSignedWord – Represents the result of an operation as a signed
16-bit value. If the result is less than -32768, it is represented by the saturated
value -32768 (8000H); if it is greater than 32767, it is represented by the
saturated value 32767 (7FFFH).
• SaturateToUnsignedByte – Represents the result of an operation as a signed
8-bit value. If the result is less than zero it is represented by the saturated value
zero (00H); if it is greater than 255, it is represented by the saturated value 255
(FFH).
• SaturateToUnsignedWord – Represents the result of an operation as a signed
16-bit value. If the result is less than zero it is represented by the saturated value
zero (00H); if it is greater than 65535, it is represented by the saturated value
65535 (FFFFH).
• LowOrderWord(DEST * SRC) – Multiplies a word operand by a word operand and
stores the least significant word of the doubleword result in the destination
operand.
• HighOrderWord(DEST * SRC) – Multiplies a word operand by a word operand
and stores the most significant word of the doubleword result in the destination
operand.
• Push(value) – Pushes a value onto the stack. The number of bytes pushed is
determined by the operand-size attribute of the instruction.
• Pop() – Removes the value from the top of the stack and returns it. The statement
EAX  Pop(); assigns to EAX the 32-bit value from the top of the stack. Pop will
return either a word or a doubleword depending on the operand-size attribute.
• PopRegisterStack – Marks the FPU ST(0) register as empty and increments the
FPU register stack pointer (TOP) by 1.
• Switch-Tasks – Performs a task switch.
• Bit(BitBase, BitOffset) – Returns the value of a bit within a bit string, which is a
sequence of bits in memory or a register. Bits are numbered from low-order to
Volume 4: Base IA-32 Instruction Reference 4:17