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8XC196K x , J x , CA USER'S MANUAL
ANGND should be within about ± 50 mV of V
for the A/D converter. The V
approximately 5 mA (see the datasheet for actual specifications). V
the same voltage as V
CC
up conditions on V
REF
cause the analog circuitry to latch up. This is an additional reason to follow careful grounding
practice.
The analog voltage reference (V
pared. It is also the supply to port 0 if the A/D converter is not being used. If high accuracy is not
required, V
can be tied to V
REF
accomplish this is through the use of a precision power supply or a separate voltage regulator
(usually an IC). These devices must be referenced to ANGND, not to V
tracks ANGND and not V
11.6.1.4
Using Mixed Analog and Digital Inputs
Port 0 may be used for both analog and digital input signals at the same time. However, reading
the port may inject some noise into the analog circuitry. For this reason, make certain that an an-
alog conversion is not in progress when the port is read. Refer to Chapter 6, "I/O Ports," for in-
formation about using the port as digital inputs.
11.6.2 Understanding A/D Conversion Errors
The conversion result is the ratio of the input voltage to the reference voltage.
RESULT (8-bit)
=
This ratio produces a stair-stepped transfer function when the output code is plotted versus input
voltage. The resulting digital codes can be taken as simple ratiometric information, or they pro-
vide information about absolute voltages or relative voltage changes on the inputs.
The more demanding the application, the more important it is to fully understand the converter's
operation. For simple applications, knowing the absolute error of the converter is sufficient.
However, closing a servo-loop with analog inputs requires a detailed understanding of an A/D
converter's operation and errors.
11-14
supply can be between 4.5 and 5.5 V and must be able to source
REF
. V
and V
should power up at the same time, to avoid potential latch-
REF
CC
. Large negative current spikes on the ANGND pin relative to V
) is the positive supply to which all A/D conversions are com-
REF
. If accuracy is important, V
CC
.
SS
V
ANG ND
–
IN
×
------------------------------------------ -
255
V
ANGND
–
REF
. V
should be well regulated and used only
SS
REF
REF
must be very stable. One way to
REF
RESULT (10-bit)
=
should be approximately
may
SS
, to ensure that V
SS
REF
V
ANGND
–
IN
×
------------------------------------------ -
1023
V
ANGND
–
REF
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