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Tektronix AWG2021 User Manual
Tektronix AWG2021 User Manual

Tektronix AWG2021 User Manual

Arbitrary waveform generator
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Summary of Contents for Tektronix AWG2021

  • Page 1 T h e t e s t & me a s u r e me n t e q u i p me n t y o u n e e d a t t h e p r i c e y o u w a n t . A l l t e s t I n s t r u me n t s , I n c .
  • Page 2: Arbitrary Waveform Generator

    User Manual AWG2021 Arbitrary Waveform Generator 070-9097-50 www.tektronix.com...
  • Page 3 Copyright © Tektronix Japan, Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
  • Page 4: Warranty

    Tektronix, with shipping charges prepaid. Tektronix shall pay for the return of the product to Customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the Tektronix service center is located.
  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    ........2-60 Setting Operation Mode and Waveform Output ..... . 2-62 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 7 ........3-135 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 8 ..........3-214 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 9 ........3-278 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 10 ........... AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 11 ..........AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 12 ..........F-24 Appendix G: Inspection and Cleaning ......AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 13 ......2-43 Figure 2-31: Entering a Name for the Copied File ....2-44 viii AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 14 ... . . 2-80 Figure 2-68: Connections for Example 6 ......2-81 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 15 ......3-60 Figure 3-37: Defining the Location for Insertion ....3-61 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 16 Figure 3-73: Horizontal Zoom ....... . 3-94 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 17 ......3-150 Figure 3-109: Equation Using round( ......3-150 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 18 ..3-202 Figure 3-145: Drawing a Magnitude ......3-204 xiii AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 19 ......... . 3-257 Figure 3-177: UTILITY Menu Structure ..... . . 3-262 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 20 Figure A-10: Block Diagram ....... . . A-10 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 21 ..........Figure D-4: Squared Sine Pulse Formula and Waveform ..Figure D-5: Double Exponential Pulse Formula and Waveform ..AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 22 ........E-13 Figure E-13: 100% Amplitude Modulation ..... E-14 xvii AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 23 ......... . F-21 Figure F-12: Blackman Window and Frequency Characteristic ..F-22 Figure F-13: Triangle Window and Frequency Characteristic ..F-22 xviii AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 24 A-10 Table A-3: Power Cord Options ......A-16 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 25 ........F-24 Table G-1: External inspection check list ..... . . AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 26: General Safety Summary

    To avoid injury or fire hazard, do not operate this product in an explosive Explosive Atmosphere atmosphere. Product Damage Precautions Use Proper Power Source Do not operate this product from a power source that applies more than the voltage specified. Provide Proper Ventilation To prevent product overheating, provide proper ventilation. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 27: Safety Terms And Symbols

    Certifications and Compliances CSA Certified Power CSA Certification includes the products and power cords appropriate for use in Cords the North America power network. All other power cords supplied are approved for the country of use. xxii AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 28: Preface

    Other documentation for the instrument includes: H The AWG2021 Programmer Manual (Tektronix part number 070-8657-50) explains how to control the AWG2021 with a computer through the GPIB or RS-232-C interface. This manual is a standard accessory. H The AWG2021 Service Manual (Tektronix part number 070-9098-50) provides information to maintain and service AWG2021, and provides a complete board-level description of the instrument’s operation.
  • Page 29: Contacting Tektronix

    6:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. Pacific time This phone number is toll free in North America. After office hours, please leave a voice mail message. Outside North America, contact a Tektronix sales office or distributor; see the Tektronix web site for a list of offices. xxiv...
  • Page 30: Overview

    There are several options available for the AWG2021, including two-channel output, ECL or TTL digital data output, and FFT and convolution waveform editor. These options allow the AWG2021 to handle a wide range of applications. This instrument has four editors for making waveform files. Each editor is equipped with a variety of editing functions, as described below.
  • Page 31: Initial Inspection

    Initial Inspection Before unpacking the AWG2021 from its shipping carton, inspect it for signs of external damage. If the carton is damaged, notify the carrier. The carton contains the basic instrument and its standard accessories. Refer to the Standard Accesso- ries list in Appendix A.
  • Page 32: Start Up

    Start Up This section describes the procedures required prior to turning on the AWG2021. Installation Before you begin, refer to the Safety Summary at the front of this manual for power source, grounding, and other safety information. Before you use the instrument, ensure that it is properly installed and powered on.
  • Page 33 CAUTION. Instruments are shipped with a power cord appropriate for use with normal 115 V power systems. If the AWG2021 is to be used with 230 V power, the power cord must be replaced with one appropriate for the power source used.
  • Page 34: Power On

    6. Push the PRINCIPAL POWER SWITCH (shown in Figure 1 -1) on the rear panel of this instrument. Power is now applied to the standby circuit of this instrument. Power Connector Fuse PRINCIPAL POWER SWITCH Figure 1 1: Rear Panel Controls Used In Start Up AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 35: Table 1-1: Power Cord Identification

    NEMA 5 20P North American 120/208V 3 Phase Plug NEMA L21 30P 7. Press the ON/STBY switch (shown in Figure 1 -2) on the lower left side of the front panel to switch on the power for this instrument. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 36: Start-Up Diagnostics

    If an error is detected, Fail and the error code are displayed. You can exit this state and operate this instrument, but until the error is corrected, the waveform outputs can not be relied on. If “Uncal” error message is AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 37: Power Off

    If this happens, wait until the chassis temperature is appropriate, then switch the power on again. Power Off 9. Toggle the ON/STBY switch. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 38: Introduction

    Basic Menu Operation. Operations commonly performed on the instrument and how to enter numbers Operating Examples. Simple examples showing how to output waveforms. These examples are designed to help you gain a basic understanding of the instrument. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 39 Introduction AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 40: Overview

    DO NOT APPLY EXT SIGNAL CH 1 CH 2 CH 1 CH 1 MARKER 1 SYNC 25Vp-p MAX OPEN CIRCUIT FROM 50 W OPEN CIRCUIT FROM 50 W STBY CLEAR MENU Figure 2 1: Front Panel Overall View AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 41 When the PRINCIPAL POWER SWITCH on the rear panel has been pressed to supply power to the standby circuit, this button can be pressed to provide power to the other circuits of the instrument. Normally this button is used as a power switch. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 42: Figure 2-2: Front Panel Button Detail

    Section 3. SETUP Menu Use the SETUP menu to set the following waveform output parameters for each channel: clock source and frequency, waveform/sequence file selection, operation, filter, amplitude and offset. See Section 3 for more information. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 43 AWG2021, or from another instrument through the GPIB interface. SAVE Menu. Used when saving files from the internal memory of the AWG2021 to a floppy disk or to the instrument's NVRam. UTILITY Menu Use the UTILITY menu to work on the files saved to a floppy...
  • Page 44 The functional waveforms include sine, triangular, square, ramp and pulse waveforms. You can set each function's parameters. See Section 3 for further information. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 45: Side Panel

    LED indicator is lit. Remove a floppy disk by pressing the eject button. Note. Never press the eject button to eject the floppy disk while the disk drive indicator light is lit, as the stored data may be corrupted and errors may result. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 46: Rear Panel

    115 V and 230 V systems. A 6 A fast blow fuse is used. Note. When using the AWG2021 in Europe, you should use an IEC approved fuse. For details, see page 1 4.
  • Page 47 The output level is 1.2 V or greater with a 50 W termination. (27) CH2 MARKER 1 OUT The CH2 MARKER 1 OUT connector provides a user specified Connector (Option 02) CH2 marker 1. The output level is 2.5 V with a 50 W termination. 2 10 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 48: Figure 2-5: Rear Panel Detail

    The RS 232 C connector enables remote control by a computer via this serial interface. (29) IEEE STD 488 The IEEE STD 488 connector enables remote control by a Connector computer via an IEEE STD 488 parallel interface. 2 11 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 49 For details, see Appendix A Option 04." (35) CH1 DIGITAL DATA This connector provides digital data differential ECL output. It OUT Connector (Option 03) is mounted in the fourth slot from the top. For details, see Appendix A Option 03." 2 12 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 50: Crt Display

    Overview CRT Display Figure 2 6: CRT Display 2 13 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 51 In the event of an error, a message (brighter than normal for easy visibility) is displayed in this area. This is not an interrogative to the user. Remote commands can be used to enter a user designated message. 2 14 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 52: Basic Menu Operation

    See Figure 2 -7. MENU Buttons MENU SETUP MODE EDIT LOAD/SAVE UTILITY Side Buttons Bottom Buttons Figure 2 7: Menu Buttons and Bezel Buttons 2 15 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 53: Menu Names

    (...), it indicates that that item has a sub-menu listing additional choices. Numeric Input Generally, numbers are entered using one of the following methods: H Enter the desired value using the numeric keys H Turn the general purpose knob to set the desired value 2 16 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 54: Figure 2-8: Numeric Input Using Numeric Keys

    Numeric Input Keys. Four types of keys are used to enter numeric values: the numeric keys (0 – 9), the unit keys (ns, MHz/ms, kHz/ms/mV and Hz/s/V), the Delete key and the ENTER key. These are shown in Figure 2 -9. 2 17 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 55: Figure 2-9: Numeric Keys, Unit Keys, Delete Key, And

    Enter other numbers as desired and then press the ENTER key to confirm the value. Unless otherwise designated, the unit that is used for numeric input will be the same as when numbers were previously entered. 2 18 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 56: Using The General Purpose Knob

    Figure 2 -10 shows the general purpose knob and arrow buttons. Figure 2 -11 shows the knob icon and the figure in the window with the first decimal place underlined, indicating that this value may be changed. 2 19 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 57: Figure 2-10: General Purpose Knob And Arrow Buttons

    10x. Or press the ! key to move the underscore to the right and thus reduce the amount of change for general purpose knob turning to 3. Turn the general purpose knob to change the value. 2 20 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 58 Similarly, when the value has already been decreased to the minimum allowable value for the parameter, turning the general purpose knob further to the left has no effect. 2 21 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 59 Basic Menu Operation 2 22 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 60: Operating Examples

    In this section, we will use simple examples to illustrate the basic procedures for waveform output on the AWG2021. Six examples will be given; these are listed below. Buttons and menu items to be used will be shown to the left, and a description of the corresponding operation will appear on the right.
  • Page 61: Necessary Equipment

    Operating Examples Necessary Equipment The following equipment is needed to execute Examples 1 – 6: H Digital storage oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS series instrument or equivalent) H 50 W cables (3) H GPIB cable (1) H 50 W terminators (2) H Sample waveform library disk (included with the instrument as a standard...
  • Page 62: Figure 2-12: Menu Display (Showing Date/Time Item Selected)

    6. Select Minute from the side menu. 7. Use the general purpose knob to set the minute value to 30. NOTE. When the setting for Hour or Minute is changed, the value for seconds will be reset to 0. 2 25 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 63: Date/Time Display

    3. Press Date Time in the sub-menu and select On. The current date and time will be displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the screen, as shown in Figure 2 -13. Date/Time Display Figure 2 13: Date/Time Display 2 26 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 64: Setting The Display Brightness

    2. Turn the general purpose knob to set the brightness to the proper level. The brightness can be changed between 0% and 100% in 1% increments; the default setting is 70%. This completes the Example 1. 2 27 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 65: Example 2: Output Of A Waveform Using The Sample Waveform Library Disk

    Figure 2 15: Inserting the Floppy Disk The files will be displayed in the lower box of the LOAD menu. Figure 2 -16 shows how the files on the sample waveform library disk are displayed on the screen. 2 28 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 66: Figure 2-16: Sample Waveform Library Disk Files

    Operating Examples Figure 2 16: Sample Waveform Library Disk Files 6. Select Load All from the side menu. The display shown in Figure 2 -17 will appear. 2 29 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 67: Figure 2-17: Crt Screen Display When Load All Is Selected

    For explanations of the waveform in each file, see Sample Waveform Library in Appendix D. NOTE. The sample waveform library disk files are locked (and * is displayed next to their names). You must unlock these files before you can edit them. 2 30 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 68: Figure 2-18: Setup Menu

    1. Press the SETUP button in the MENU column. The SETUP menu is displayed. Figure 2 18: SETUP Menu 2. Select Waveform Sequence from the bottom menu. 3. Turn the general purpose knob to develop the waveform file list. Select the file GAUSS_P.WFM from this list. 2 31 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 69: Figure 2-19: Waveform File List

    GAUSS_P.WFM selected. NOTE. The selected file is locked. Therefore, although changes can be made to the waveform clock, filter, amplitude, offset and other output conditions, these changes cannot be saved to the file. 2 32 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 70: Figure 2-20: Gauss_P.wfm File Output Parameters

    Operating Examples Figure 2 20: GAUSS_P.WFM File Output Parameters 5. Press the MODE button in the MENU column. The MODE menu is displayed. The files selected from the SETUP menu are displayed in the MODE menu. 2 33 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 71: Waveform Output

    Figure 2 -22. This instrument’s waveform output is calibrated to a 50 W load. AWG2021 Oscilloscope CH 1 50 W Termination CH 1 50 W Cable Figure 2 22: Connections in Example 2 2 34 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 72: Figure 2-23: Channel On/Off Buttons And Indicators

    Volt/Div. 200 mV/Div. 1 ms/Div. Time/Div. Trigger Mode Auto When you change the Clock, Amplitude, or Offset items with the SETUP menu, the waveform changes in real time. This completes the example 2. 2 35 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 73: Example 3: Creating Files And Arbitrary Waveform Outputs

    Creating a Waveform File Use the waveform editor graphic display to create a waveform file by performing the following steps: 1. Press the EDIT button in the MENU column. Figure 2 -24 shows the initial menu displayed. 2 36 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 74: Figure 2-24: Initial Menu

    Operating Examples Figure 2 24: Initial Menu 2. Select New Waveform from the side menu. Figure 2 -25 shows the waveform editor graphic menu. The default for the number of points in the waveform is 1000. 2 37 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 75: Figure 2-25: Waveform Editor Graphic Menu

    4. Press the following key sequence: 4, 9, 9, ENTER. This sets the point value for the right side vertical bar cursor to 499 (see Figure 2 -26). 2 38 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 76: Figure 2-26: Setting The Point Value For The Right Side Vertical

    9. Press “2” and ENTER in that order to set the number of cycles for the sine wave to 2. 10. Select Execute from the side menu. A two-cycle sine waveform is created between the vertical bar cursors (see Figure 2 -27). 2 39 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 77: Figure 2-27: Creating A Sine Waveform

    20. Press “.”, “5”, and ENTER in that order to set the ramp wave offset to 0.5. 21. Select Execute from the side menu. A two-cycle ramp waveform is created between the vertical bar cursors (see Figure 2 -28). 2 40 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 78: Figure 2-28: Creating A Ramp Waveform

    24. Input SAMPLE–1 as the file name. Use the general purpose knob to select S from the character menu. Then press the VALUE button. S is inserted into the file name input column. In the same manner, input A, M, P, L, E, –, 1 (see Figure 2 -29). 2 41 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 79: Figure 2-29: Naming A File

    The system returns to the initial menu and displays the waveform file created (see Figure 2 -30). The extender “WFM” will be displayed after the file name; this indicates that the file is a waveform file. 2 42 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 80: Figure 2-30: Initial Menu File List

    Operating Examples Figure 2 30: Initial Menu File List 2 43 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 81: Figure 2-31: Entering A Name For The Copied File

    5. Check to make sure that the SAMPLE–2 waveform file is displayed inverted in the file list in the initial menu. If it is not selected, turn the general purpose knob until the name SAMPLE–2 is displayed inverted. 2 44 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 82 Figure 2 32: Setting the Edit Range You may now create the arbitrary waveform within the range designated by these two vertical bar cursors, using the Point Draw function. 11. Select Operation from the bottom menu. 2 45 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 83 When this is done, spline interpolation will be performed and the points that have been drawn and the curve outside the area marked by the vertical bar cursors will be connected in a smooth curve. 2 46 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 84 Figure 2 34: Connecting the Points 19. Select Close/Write from the bottom menu. 20. Select Write and Close from the side menu. The data for the SAMPLE–2 waveform file will be updated and the initial EDIT menu will reappear. 2 47 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 85: Creating Waveforms Arithmetically

    Cycle Offset 0.0000 6. Select Execute from the side menu. The sine wave shown in Figure 2 -35 will be created. Figure 2 35: Creating a Sine Wave 7. Select Type from the side menu. 2 48 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 86 12. Select Close/Write from the bottom menu. 13. Select Write and Close from the side menu. 14. Make SAMPLE–3 the file name. See Step 24 in the waveform file creation procedure for instructions on how to enter the file name. 2 49 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 87: Creating An Equation File

    3. Set the time from 0 to 500 ms. Press the 5, 0, 0, ms, “)”, and “ ” (carriage return), in order, using the numeric keys and unit key or by selecting and entering these characters from the items in the component menu. 2 50 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 88 6. Select Compile from the bottom menu. After the compiling is complete, the waveform data is created from the equation and the resultant waveform is displayed on the screen. Figure 2 -39 shows the compiled waveform data. 2 51 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 89 11. When you are finished inputting the file name, select O.K. from the sub-menu. The equation file (SAMPLE–4.EQU) and the waveform file (SAM- PLE–4.WFM) of compiled data with the same name are created and the system returns to the initial menu. See Figure 2 -40. 2 52 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 90 Operating Examples Figure 2 40: Initial Menu File List 2 53 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 91: Creating A Sequence File

    4. Now you will set the repetition count for the SAMPLE–1.WFM file to 2. Press “2” and ENTER in that order. The inverted video cursor will move to the second line in the Destination list. 2 54 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 92 Figure 2 42: Sequence Example 6. Select Show Overview from the bottom menu to verify the sequence waveform. The sequence waveform is combined as the sequence: SAMPLE–1.WFM twice and SAMPLE–4.WFM once. See Figure 2 -43. 2 55 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 93 Step 24 of the procedure for waveform file creation. 11. When you are finished inputting the file name, select O.K. from the sub-menu. The sequence (SAMPLE–5.SEQ) file is saved to internal memory and the system returns to the initial menu. 2 56 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 94: Creating Autostep Files

    2. Using the general purpose knob, move the cursor to the CH1 file column. Figure 2 44: Moving the Cursor 3. Press the VALUE button on the front panel. The list used to select waveforms or sequence files will appear. 2 57 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 95 Figure 2 46: Setting File You will now set the CH1 file for Step 2. 6. Select More 1 of 2 from the side menu. 7. Select Append New Step from the side menu. 2 58 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 96 9. Using the procedure described in Steps 2 – 8 above, set the CH1 file for Step 3 (SAMPLE–4). Figure 2 48: Setting the File for Step 3 10. Select Exit/Write from the bottom menu. 11. Select Write and Exit from the side menu. 2 59 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 97 2. Select Waveform Sequence from the bottom menu. 3. Turn the general purpose knob to select the SAMPLE–1.WFM file. 4. Press the front panel ENTER button. 5. Select Clock from the bottom menu. 6. Select Internal Clock from the side menu. 2 60 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 98 11. Use the numeric and unit keys to input 5, V, in order, to set the voltage value for full vertical scale. Figure 2 -50 shows the menu displayed as a result of these settings. Figure 2 50: Setting Output Parameters This completes the output parameter setting. 2 61 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 99: Setting Operation Mode And Waveform Output

    Now use an oscilloscope to see what type of waveform is generated. Connect the and Waveform Output AWG2021 to a oscilloscope using a 50 W cable and a 50 W termination as shown in Figure 2 -51. The waveform output for this instrument is calibrated for a 50 W load.
  • Page 100 You can use the marker output from the instrument as the external trigger for the oscilloscope. The marker signal is set in high state at data point 0. See Figure 2 -53. The marker signal can be set to any point using the waveform edit function. 2 63 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 101 4. Select Triggered from the bottom menu. When you select this item, the side menu lists external trigger parameters which allow you to set them. Figure 2 -54 shows the menu set for Triggered mode. 2 64 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 102 1MW  10Vp-p 50W  5VRMS Figure 2 55: MANUAL Button and TRIGGER INPUT Connector This procedure does not use an external trigger signal. Rather, it generates the trigger signal when the MANUAL button is pressed. 2 65 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 103 6. Select Autostep from the bottom menu. The menu shown in Figure 2 -56 will appear. Figure 2 56: Menu Displayed When Autostep is Selected 7. Choose Select Autostep File from the side menu. A list of autostep files will appear. 2 66 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 104 Check on the oscilloscope to make sure CH1 waveform output advances one step each time the button is pressed. The waveform or sequence for the step is output once, then output stops. This completes the Example 3. 2 67 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 105: Example 4: Loading And Saving Files

    1. Press the LOAD/SAVE button in the MENU column. 2. Select Device from the bottom menu. 3. Select NVRam from the side menu. 4. Select Save from the bottom menu. Figure 2 -58 shows the SAVE menu displayed. 2 68 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 106 Figure 2 58: SAVE Menu 5. Select Save All from the side menu. When Save All is selected, all the files in internal memory (listed in the upper screen) are saved to the NVRam. See Figure 2 -59. 2 69 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 107 6. Check to make sure that Auto Load in the bottom menu is Off. If it is not Off, select Auto Load from the bottom menu, then select Off from the side menu. 7. Power the instrument off, then on again. 2 70 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 108: Loading Files

    Here NVRam is selected in the Device bottom menu. 3. Select Load All from the side menu. When this item is selected, all the files in the NVRam (listed in the lower screen) are loaded into internal memory. See Figure 2 -61. 2 71 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 109 Operating Examples Figure 2 61: Files Loaded into Internal Memory When you select Load from the side menu, the file displayed in inverted video in the NVRam list is loaded into internal memory. 2 72 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 110: Auto Load

    See the UTILITY menu Disk item in Section 3, Reference, for directory creation instructions. NOTE. You must format new floppy disks. See the UTILITY menu Disk item in Section 3, Reference, for formatting instructions. 2 73 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 111: Example 5: Loading Waveforms From Other Instruments

    The AWG2021 can transfer waveforms via a GPIB cable from a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO). In Example 5, you will transfer waveforms from a Tektronix TDS series digital storage oscilloscope. 1. Connect the AWG2021 and the other instruments as shown in Figure 2 -62. GPIB Cable IEEE STD 488 GPIB...
  • Page 112 200mV/div 10ms/div Figure 2 63: DSO Screen 3. Press the MENU column LOAD/SAVE button for the AWG2021. 4. Select Device from the bottom menu. 5. Select GPIB from the side menu. At this point, if the remote port is not GPIB or the GPIB is not configured for waveform transferring, these settings must be changed.
  • Page 113 NOTE. If the amplitude, offset, or clock is outside the range that can be set for the AWG2021, it is replaced with the maximum or minimum value that can be set. If an attempt is made to transfer a waveform that exceeds any of these ranges, a message to that effect is displayed.
  • Page 114 (in other words, only the waveform data will be loaded). In such cases, all parameters will be set to the default values of the output parameters. This completes the Example 5. 2 77 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 115: Example 6: Using The Waveform Function Generator

    1. Select Sine from the bottom menu. Figure 2 -66 shows a sine wave displayed within the CH1 frame on the screen. Figure 2 66: Screen When Sine Set for CH1 Set the frequency to 1 MHz. 2 78 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 116 Normal and Invert and the polarity of the sine wave on the screen is reversed. Then set the polarity to Normal. Figure 2 -67 shows the screen when the output parameters are set for a sine wave on CH1. 2 79 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 117 Operating Examples Figure 2 67: CH1 Output Parameter Setting Display This completes the sine–wave output parameter setting. Now you will check the actual waveform on the oscilloscope screen. 2 80 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 118: Waveform Output

    Operating Examples Waveform Output Connect the AWG2021 to an oscilloscope with 50 W cables and 50 W termina- tions as shown in Figure 2 -68. The waveform output for this instrument is calibrated for a 50 W load. Oscilloscope AWG2021...
  • Page 119 Operating Examples 2 82 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 120: Introduction

    This item is displayed when you select a side menu item that has a sub-menu. It allows you to escape from the sub-menu and return to the side menu level. (The CLEAR MENU bezel button can also be used for this purpose.) AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 121 Show Catalog Entry or Show Overview command is used to display a waveform in graphic form. Pressing this button causes the panel to disappear. (You may also use the CLEAR MENU bezel button for this purpose.) AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 122: Edit Menu

    EDIT Menu General Description To use the AWG2021 to output arbitrary waveforms, you must first create a file for the waveform to be output. There are four file types, each created by a different editor. Files created in this manner will have an extension after the file name that identifies what type of file they are.
  • Page 123: Initial Menu

    .SEQ File Î Î Î Î Rename Comment Selecting Copy Î Î Î Î an Existing Delete Î Î Î Î File Delete All Î Î Î Î Lock On/Off Figure 3 1: Initial EDIT Menu Structure AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 124: Menu Functions

    3 195 Rename Renaming a file Comment Comment input 3 10 Copy Copying a file 3 10 Delete Deleting a file 3 10 Delete All Deleting a file 3 10 Lock On/Off Locking and unlocking files 3 11 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 125: Crt Display

    The file area of memory displayed on the screen is indicated by an inverted display area in the scroll indicator. Up to 20 files can be displayed on the screen. To display more files, scroll the screen up or down by turning the general purpose knob. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 126: Creating Or Editing A File

    1. Press the EDIT button in the MENU column to display the initial menu. 2. Turn the general purpose knob to select a file from the internal memory file list displayed in the initial menu. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 127: Using File Editing Functions

    1. Use the general purpose knob to select the file to be renamed from the initial menu file list. 2. Select Rename from the bottom menu. The menu for changing the file name is displayed. See Figure 3 -3. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 128 COM1, COM2, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, NUL, and PRN. Also, the “ ”, “*”, and “+” characters in the character menu can not be used in file names and cannot be selected. 7. To enter the file name, select O.K. To cancel that file name, select Cancel. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 129 1. Use the general purpose knob to select the file to be deleted from the file list in the initial menu. 2. Select Delete from the bottom menu. This instrument asks you if you are sure you want to delete the selected file. See Figure 3 -4. 3 10 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 130 2. Press the Lock bottom menu button. The selected file is locked and On is selected for the Lock label. Locked files have “*” next to their names in the display. See Figure 3 -5. 3 11 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 131: Expanding A Sequence File Into A Waveform File

    2. Using the general purpose knob, select a sequence file (the file name should end in .SEQ) from the file list in the initial menu. The “Expand SEQ into WFM” item will appear in the side menu. 3 12 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 132 Be careful when answering this query, as a “yes” will cause the existing data to be deleted and replaced with the new file. Pressing “Cancel” will cancel the operation and the initial menu will reappear. 3 13 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 133: Waveform Editor

    The waveform editor can be displayed in one of three formats: graphic, timing or table; the default setting is graphic display. Figure 3 -7 shows an example in which an existing waveform file has been selected. 3 14 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 134 This makes it easy to edit several related waveforms. Figure 3 -8 shows an example in which three waveforms are displayed. In this example, the box around the Waveform2 area shows that this waveform is selected and is currently being edited. 3 15 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 135 Used to perform convolution calculations for the waveform in one area (in the space designated with the vertical bar cursors) with the part of a waveform in another editing area designated by the vertical bar cursors in that area. 3 16 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 136 Figure 3 -9. Figure 3 9: Menu Display When Another Waveform is Selected 4. Using the general purpose knob, select New Waveform. The new waveform file created in this step will be assigned to editing area 2. 3 17 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 137 7. Using the general purpose knob, select a waveform file. In this example, we will select an existing waveform file. 8. Select Show Catalog Entry from the sub-menu. This allows you to check the waveform for the selected file on the screen. See Figure 3 -11. 3 18 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 138 9. Select Continue from the sub-menu. 10. Select O.K. from the sub-menu. Waveform3 will be added to the side menu and the Waveform3 editing area will appear on the screen. See Figure 3 -12. Figure 3 12: Waveform3 Added 3 19 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 139 O.K. item, the created or edited waveform data is saved into internal memory with that file name and the system returns to the editor it has been in. If the file name is changed, the old file is left 3 20 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 140: Naming A File

    Close item will not cause the menu used to enter the file name to appear; the initial menu will reappear instead. Now, input the file name. 3. Use the general purpose knob to select a character. 3 21 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 141 NOTE. If there is already a waveform file in internal memory with the name the complied waveform file will be given, a message is displayed asking if you are sure you want to overwrite the old file. Overwriting erases the data in the old file. 3 22 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 142: Graphic Display

    Commands in the sub-menu are executed with the Execute command; when Go Back is selected, the sub-menu disappears and the side menu reappears. 3 23 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 143 Type Dual Waveform Math... Show Catalog Entry Source Multiple Copy... Interval Convolute... Source Source Hysteresis Compare... Set Result to Type Shift Scale Value Region Shift... Config... Figure 3 14: Waveform Editor Graphic Display Menu Structure 3 24 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 144 This item appears when Time has been selected for Horiz. Unit in the side menu. If Point is selected for Horiz. Unit under Setting in the bottom menu, Cycle appears; if Time is selected for this item, Frequency appears. Figure 3 14: Waveform Editor Graphic Display Menu Structure (Cont.) 3 25 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 145: Menu Functions

    3 31 Setting horizontal axis units Clock 3 32 Setting clock frequency Cursor Link to... 3 34 Linking the vertical bar cursors Grid 3 35 Displaying a grid in the editing area Undo Canceling function execution 3 26 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 146: Graphic Display Screen

    Shows the left vertical bar cursor position time or point value Value (L) and the vertical level (Value). When the cursor value is displayed inverted, this means the cursor value can be changed with the general purpose knob or numeric keys. 3 27 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 147 The following settings are available: View type... Selecting the waveform data display format Waveform Points Setting waveform point count Horiz. Unit Setting horizontal axis units Clock Setting clock frequency 3 28 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 148 Frequency of output waveforms For example, for output of a 20 kHz sine wave, setting the clock frequency to 20 MHz will result in a waveform point value of 20 MHz / 20 kHz = 1000 points. 3 29 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 149 Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Please select action. Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î The following items will be displayed in the side menu: 3 30 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 150 Each time the Horiz. Unit button in the side menu is pressed, the units toggle between Time and Point. When Time is selected, the Clock item is added to the side menu and the clock frequency can be set. 3 31 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 151 Select Clock from the side menu to set the clock frequency. This parameter determines the time between the data points (the inverse of the clock frequency). For example, when the maximum clock frequency on the AWG2021 is set to 3 32...
  • Page 152 For example, when the cursors in editing area 1 are linked to those in editing area 2, moving the one of the cursors in editing area 1 will cause the corresponding cursor in 3 33 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 153 In the following procedure, you will link the vertical bar cursors in editing area 2 (Waveform2) to the ones in editing area 1 (Waveform1) while editing area 1 is being edited. 1. Select Select/Open from the bottom menu. 3 34 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 154 The following diagram shows the menu configuration. Setting (More 2 of 2) Grid Figure 3 -19 shows an example of an editing area with the grid set to On. 3 35 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 155 3. Press the Grid button in the side menu and select On. A grid will appear in the editing area. NOTE. Grid On/Off can be set same as timing and table display. However, grid display is only effect in graphic display. 3 36 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 156 The data between the vertical bar cursors is replaced by a sine wave Add Sine A sine wave is added to the data between the vertical bar cursors Mul Sine The data between the vertical bar cursors is multiplied by a sine wave 3 37 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 157 1. 7. Select Execute from the side menu. When Execute is selected, the sine waveform is created between the vertical bar cursors with the set parameters. See Figure 3 -20. 3 38 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 158 0.1. 3. Select Execute from the side menu. When you select Execute, a noise waveform will be added to the sine wave displayed between the left and right vertical bar cursors. See Figure 3 -21. 3 39 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 159 Type button in the side menu and select Mul Sine. 3. Select Cycle from the side menu. Using the numeric keys or the general purpose knob, set the number of cycles for the sine wave to 30. 3 40 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 160 The following is a list of the items in the side menu and their functions. Cutting waveforms Copy to Buffer Copying waveforms Paste from Buffer Pasting waveforms Draw... Draw function Shift... Shift function Scale... Scaling function 3 41 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 161 4. Press the CURSOR button on the front panel again to make the right vertical cursor active (solid line). 5. Using the numeric keys or the general purpose knob, move the right cursor to the endpoint for the editing operation you wish to perform. 3 42 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 162 Marker signals associated with that waveform data are also cut. Removing part of a waveform will naturally reduce the number of points in that waveform. 3 43 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 163 Paste from Buffer Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î 3 44 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 164 4. Select Paste from Buffer from the side menu. Figure 3 -25 shows an example of a waveform before and after additional data is pasted into that waveform. Before After Figure 3 25: Pasting Waveforms 3 45 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 165 Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Figure 3 -26 shows an example of the screen with the Draw... item selected. This figure will be discussed in the following section. 3 46 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 166 Draw... from the side menu. The point cursor will appear in the middle of the vertical axis between the left and right vertical bar cursors. 2. Press VALUE button on the front panel. 3 47 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 167 Figure 3 -27. This is called spline interpolation. 9. To return to the original waveform, select Undo from the bottom menu. 10. Press the Smooth button in the sub-menu to switch off smoothing. 3 48 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 168 Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î 3 49 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 169 (the value set with Horiz. Unit under Setting). 5. Select Execute from the sub-menu. The waveform is shifted horizontally with the specified conditions. Figure 3 -28 shows the waveform between the vertical bar cursors shifted right 100 points. 3 50 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 170 However, any points shifted beyond the vertical full scale are clipped. 8. Select Execute from the sub-menu. The waveform is shifted vertically with the specified conditions. Figure 3 -29 shows the waveform between the vertical bar cursors shifted up 0.3. 3 51 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 171 H Factor. The waveform data between the vertical bar cursors is expanded/ reduced by this ratio. This parameter is linked with New Size. Factor can be set within the range 100 in steps of 0.01. However, the total number 3 52 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 172 Figure 3 -30 shows a waveform expanded to x2 horizontally between the vertical bar cursors with a Factor. Before After Figure 3 30: Display Expanded Horizontally 3 53 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 173 Figure 3 -31 shows an example of Factor being used to enlarge the section of the waveform between the vertical bar cursors. In this example, the waveform has been enlarged 1.5 times vertically around the reference line. Before After Figure 3 31: Display Expanded to x1.5 Vertically 3 54 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 174 3. Select Execute from the sub-menu. The waveform is inverted horizontally with the specified conditions. Figure 3 -32 shows an example of the waveform before and after it is inverted horizontally. Before After Figure 3 32: Horizontally Inverted Display 3 55 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 175 Clip... from the second page of the side menu (More 2 of 3). A horizontal (broken) line showing the clip level will appear. 2. Press the Clip button in the sub-menu to select Upper or Lower. 3 56 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 176 This signal may be set to High, Low or Pattern. The following diagram shows the menu configuration for the Marker... item. 3 57 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 177 H Set High. The marker signal for the section of the waveform between the vertical bar cursors will be set to High. H Set Low. The marker signal for the section of the waveform between the vertical bar cursors will be set to Low 3 58 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 178 When the Clear Pattern button is pressed to delete the pattern data, the menu item changes back to Import Line Data. H User defined Code Config... Used to define a custom conversion table for code conversion. 3 59 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 179 The following diagram shows the menu configuration. Show Catalog Continue Entry Insert Other Operation (More 3 of 3) Waveform Cancel O.K. 1. Press the front panel CURSOR button. 3 60 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 180 “Paste Buffer.” The data in the paste buffer can be inserted into any desired location by selecting this item. 4. Use the general purpose knob to select the waveform file to be inserted from the file list. 3 61 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 181 Marker signal 1 and 2 belonging to the waveform data are processed at the same time. Select Cancel to cancel the waveform insertion. When O.K. or Cancel is selected, the display returns to the menu displayed before Insert Other Waveform was selected. 3 62 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 182 1.0 (i.e. a value of +1.0 or –1.0). Integral Integrates the amplitude and normalizes. Differential Differentiates the amplitude and normalizes. The following diagram shows the menu configuration for the Single Waveform Math... item. 3 63 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 183 5. Press the Type button in the sub-menu and select Absolute. 6. Select Execute from the sub-menu. The absolute value will be derived for the section of the waveform located between the vertical bar cursors. Figure 3 -42 shows the waveform after calculation. 3 64 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 184 Waveform Math... sub-menu to the side menu. Calculation Examples. The following diagrams show examples of a waveform before and after various calculations are performed. H Square. Doubles the absolute value for the amplitude Before After Figure 3 43: Square Calculation 3 65 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 185 EDIT Menu H Cube. Triples the amplitude Before After Figure 3 44: Cube Calculation H Square Root. Determines the square root for the absolute value of the amplitude. Before After Figure 3 45: Square Root Calculation 3 66 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 186 EDIT Menu H Normalize. Normalizes the amplitude Before After Figure 3 46: Normalize Calculation H Integral. Integrating the amplitude. Before After Figure 3 47: Integral Calculation 3 67 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 187 The region pushed out beyond the vertical axis full scale by the calculations is clipped. The following diagram shows the menu configuration for the Dual Waveform Math... item. Operation (More 3 of 3) Dual Waveform Math... Cancel Show Catalog Entry 3 68 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 188 Calcula- tions will be executed for both the section of the waveform data being edited between the vertical bar cursors and the selected waveform file. 3 69 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 189 8. Select the desired calculation type from the sub-menu. The moment a calculation type is selected, the calculation is carried out and the results are displayed on the CRT screen. The display returns to the menu on display 3 70 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 190 If the specified amount of the shift is less than the sampling interval, the original waveform is resampled using data interpolation to derive the shifted values. The Region Shift... item has the following menu configuration. 3 71 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 191: Table 3-3: Differences Between The Shift Operations

    Right or Left. Shifts the area bordered by the vertical bar cursors the amount specified by the Shift Scale Value item to right or left. Figure 3 -53 shows the data shown in the right figure is shifted by 1. 3 72 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 192 Expand. Although the maximum value that can be specified for the shift is the number of waveform data points, the section of the data that is shifted beyond the maximum number of data points is lost after the shift. 3 73 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 193 H Shift Scale Value. When shifting waveform data, it is possible to specify a Shift Scale Value with a precision that exceeds that of the sampling points. In the AWG2021 arbitrary waveform generator, values may be specified with a resolution as fine as point.
  • Page 194 Quadratic Interpolation. Figure 3 -56 provides an overview of quadratic interpolation. If the point X is shifted to the left by 0.2, the new value is calculated by interpolating using three points, the shifted point itself and the preceding and following points. 3 75 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 195 This allows the coefficients A, B, and C to be derived as follows: C + y Using these values, the value y ’ at position x ’ can be derived as follows. (* 0.2) ) y (* 0.2) 3 76 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 196 The smoothing technique takes the average of the point itself and the two adjacent points (three points) as the new value. Figure 3 -58 shows an example, with the original data shown on the left and the smoothed data shown on the right. 3 77 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 197 This is a side effect of the interpolation process. There are several techniques for preventing this data lowering phenomenon as follows. 1) Increase the size of the area. 3 78 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 198 In this example, we will copy the waveform between the vertical bar cursors in editing area 1 to editing area 2. We will start from the point at which only one waveform has been designated in the waveform editor. 3 79 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 199 6. Using the numeric keys or the general purpose knob, move the vertical bar cursors to designate the section of the waveform to be copied. In this example, we will set the left cursor to point 250 and the right cursor to point 749. 3 80 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 200 9. Using the numeric keys or the general purpose knob, move the vertical bar cursors to set the area within which the waveform will be copied. In this example, we will set the left cursor to point 0 and the right cursor to point 999. 3 81 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 201 Interval value determines the interval at which the waveform will be repeated horizontally (in points). 3 82 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 202 500 and the Interval has been set to 600. Data at level 0 has been added from point 500 to point 599; the next waveform begins from point 600. 3 83 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 203 300 – 499, 600 – 799 and 900 – 999. As a result, the amplitude in these areas will be doubled. 800 900 Figure 3 66: Waveform Copying (number of points in waveform > Interval value) 3 84 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 204 Writing signal of 512 points is used for Waveform2. The Gaussian pulse (GAUSS_P.WFM) and Magnetic Disk Writing signal (MDSK_WR.WFM) are included on the Sample Waveform Library Disk that came with the instrument. Figure 3 -67 shows the waveforms for Waveform1 and Waveform2. 3 85 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 205 Waveform2 editing area (where the results will be displayed) must be enlarged. The area needed is the sum of the point sizes for the two waveforms. 8. Press the CURSOR button on the front panel. 3 86 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 206 1000 points each; the time will vary slightly depending on the type of waveform. An instrument with Option 09 installed is equipped with the convolution waveform editor which performs convolution at high speed. Before After Figure 3 68: Convolution 3 87 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 207 2. The procedure begins from the point at which two waveforms have been selected in the waveform editor. Designating the Section for Comparison 1. Select Select/Open from the bottom menu. 3 88 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 208 Figure 3 -69 shows the menu with the Compare... item selected. When three waveform areas have been designated in the waveform editor, select one of the remaining two editing areas as the source for waveform comparison with Source item in the sub-menu. 3 89 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 209 (in other words, from point 125 to point 875). Data outside this range is preserved as it was before comparison. The figure on the right shows the default marker set at point 0 remains “1.” 3 90 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 210 Source waveform set for Hysteresis. Comparison is only performed for the section of the waveform between the vertical bar cursors (in this example, from point 0 to point 999). 3 91 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 211 This process is for display purposes only; it does not affect the waveform data. The side menu consists of 2 pages: the first page contains the horizontal zoom items and the second page contains the vertical zoom items. 3 92 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 212 Horizontal waveform enlargement will be centered around the active vertical bar cursor. 4. Select Horizontal Zoom in from the side menu. The waveform will be enlarged horizontally. 3 93 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 213 9. Turn the general purpose knob and check to make sure the waveform moves horizontally. 10. Select Horizontal Zoom fit from the side menu. The waveform will revert to normal size (x1). 3 94 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 214 However, the waveform is enlarged/reduced as the reference for the center of the vertical axis. Figure 3 -74 shows an example of a waveform before and after vertical zooming. After Before Figure 3 74: Vertical Zoom 3 95 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 215: Timing Display

    3. Select Timing from the sub-menu. The timing display of the waveform editor will appear. See Figure 3 -75. Figure 3 75: Timing Display 4. Select Go Back from the sub-menu. The system moves to the previous Setting side menu. 3 96 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 216 Source Exchange Line... Destination Source Logical Function... Destination Func Type Data Expand... Factor Insert Other Waveform Line Shift Register Generator... Register Config... User defined Code Config... Figure 3 76: Waveform Editor Timing Display Menu Structure 3 97 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 217 These items appear when Count Up or Count Down has been selected for Pattern in the side menu (under Standard Waveform in the bottom menu). Figure 3 76: Waveform Editor Timing Display Menu Structure (Cont.) 3 98 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 218 Linking the vertical bar cursors 3 34 Grid Displaying a grid in the editing area 3 35 Undo Canceling function execution Standard Waveform Creating standard waveform data 3 101 Close/Write Saving files and exiting the editor 3 20 3 99 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 219 This area shows the timing for the marker 1 or 2. The number to the right of the word MARKER" indicates the state of the marker for the time or point value at the location of the active vertical bar cursor. 3 100 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 220 In the example shown in Figure 3 -78, the waveform point size is 4096, Step has been set to 1, and the Min and Max values have been set to 0 and 4095, respectively. 3 101 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 221 In the example shown in Figure 3 -79, the waveform point size has been set to 4096 and Step has been set to 1. Only the Step parameter is set for the Gray Code pattern option. 3 102 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 222 The data between the vertical bar cursors will be replaced by the Count Up pattern that you have designated. Figure 3 -78 shows the Count Up pattern created with the values used in this example. 3 103 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 223 1 Bit Key Data Set High 4 Bits Operation ( More 1 of 3 ) Set... Set Low Go Back Initial Src Set Pattern User defined Initial Code Code Config... High/Low Out [I/O] Invert/Keep Cancel O.K. 3 104 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 224 Low. Figure 3 80: Setting Waveform Data to High/Low 6. Select Go Back from the current sub-menu. The system moves from the Set... sub-menu to the previous side menu. 3 105 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 225 Now you can use the numeric keys to enter the pattern data. Any value up to 32,768 bits can be entered for pattern data. However, only 40 bits can be displayed on the screen at one time; use the general purpose knob to scroll 3 106 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 226 The data after Code conversion will be one item of pattern data. For example, when NRZ is selected for Code and Point/Step is set to 2, each pattern will consist of 2 points. 3 107 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 227 Sample Pattern Data Setting. In the following example, pattern data (at DATA 5; Point/Step: 2, Code: NRZI) will be created in the area between the vertical bar cursors. 1. Select Set... from the side menu. 2. Press the CURSOR button on the front panel. 3 108 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 228 12. Using the general purpose knob, select NRZI. 13. Select O.K. from the sub-menu. The pattern that you have set in the preceding steps will appear between the vertical bar cursors. See Fig- ure 3 -82. 3 109 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 229 The following process is used to create a user-defined conversion table. Perform steps 1 through 5 of the sample process for defining pattern data. 2. Select User defined Code Config... from the side menu. See Figure 3 -83. 3 110 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 230 From the Source Data Pattern item, the cursor moves to the Converted Code item. When the cursor reaches the last data item, it will return to the beginning. The cursor can also be moved using the left and right arrow buttons. 3 111 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 231 H 6 and 7 cannot be written at the beginning of Source Data Pattern H Only the data for the immediately preceding time can be referenced with 2, 3, 4 and 5 H 6 and 7 are effective as long as the pattern can be written 3 112 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 232 Code; and when Out [1/0] is set to Invert/Keep. Out/[1/O] determines the handling of 1/0 for data converted using Con- verted Code. High/Low 1: data HIGH 0: data LOW Invert/Keep 1: output is inverted 0: data is output as is 3 113 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 233 2 of 20 in pattern 10 starting from position 6 is the inverse of result 0 at position When Out[1/0] is set to Invert/Keep for the same table, the data will be as follows: Source Data Pattern Converted Code Invert/Keep (Previous) Result 3 114 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 234 If 6 and 7 are used (1): Initial Src Initial Code Out[1/0] High/Low Source Data Pattern Converted Code 0001 0010 0100 1000 In the case of the above conversion, the data will be as follows: Time Input Pattern 3 115 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 235 4. If pattern data exists, press Clear Pattern button in the sub-menu to clear the existing data. 5. Select Import Line Data from the sub-menu. The selected bit data will be read into the pattern data input area. 3 116 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 236 4. Select Execute from the side menu. The waveform data is shifted with the specified conditions. Figure 3 -84 shows the screen before and after the data on line DATA 5 between the vertical bar cursors is shifted 30 points to the right. 3 117 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 237 3. Select Execute from the sub-menu. The state is inverted with the specified conditions. Figure 3 -85 shows the screen before and after the data between the vertical bar cursors on line DATA 5 is inverted. 3 118 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 238 Source selects the waveform data copy source. Data line DATA 11 – DATA 0 or marker (MARKER) can be selected. 3. Select Destination from the sub-menu. Turning the general purpose knob, select the copy destination data line or marker. 3 119 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 239 Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î 1. Move the vertical bar cursors to define the section of the data to be ex- changed. Then select Exchange Line... from the second page of the side menu (More 2 of 3). 3 120 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 240 The following diagram shows the menu configuration for the Logical Function... item. 3 121 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 241 Expanding Waveform Data Use Data Expand... to expand the section between the designated vertical bar cursors for all of the data lines and marker. The following diagram shows the menu configuration for the Data Expand... item. 3 122 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 242 2. Before After Figure 3 88: Expanding Waveform Data 5. Select Go Back from the current sub-menu. The system returns from the Data Expand... sub-menu to the previous side menu. 3 123 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 243 EX-OR operation. Selecting Register Config... from the sub-menu enables you to set the pattern for the shift register generator. Figure 3 -89 shows the menu used to set the shift register. Figure 3 89: Shift Register Configuration Menu 3 124 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 244 H Clearing All Taps. Use Clear All Taps in the sub-menu to delete all taps that have been set. H Setting the Maximum Length Code Series for Taps. Set Maximal Linear Taps in the sub-menu allows you to easily create M series (maximum length 3 125 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 245 The user defined code enables you to define a custom conversion table. For a detailed description of each code, see “Pattern Codes” in Appendix F. User defined Code Config..The following process is used to execute a user-de- fined code conversion. 3 126 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 246 -1 bits (15 levels) with 1 point for each step. This signal is included on the Sample Waveform Library Disk that came with the AWG2021. 1. Select Setting from the bottom menu. 2. Select Waveform Points from the side menu. Then set the waveform point size to 32,767 using the numeric keys.
  • Page 247 17. Press the CURSOR button on the front panel to select Code. 18. Using the general purpose knob, select NRZ. 19. Select O.K. from the sub-menu. 20. Select Execute from the sub-menu. The timing display shown below will appear. 21. Select Go Back from the sub-menu. 3 128 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 248 3. Select Table from the sub-menu. The table display of the waveform editor will appear. See Figure 3 -92. Figure 3 92: Table Display 4. Select Go Back from the sub-menu. The system moves to the previous Setting side menu. 3 129 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 249 (under Select/Open in the bottom menu). This item appears when Time has been selected for Horiz. Unit in the side menu (under Setting in the bottom menu). Figure 3 93: Waveform Editor Table Display Menu Structure 3 130 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 250 Linking the vertical bar cursors 3 34 Radix... Setting a cardinal number 3 133 Grid Displaying a grid in the editing area 3 35 Undo Canceling function execution Close/Write Saving files and exiting the editor 3 20 3 131 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 251 (MSB). (4) Horizontal Scroll Indicates which portion of the waveform is currently displayed Indicator on the screen. The displayed inverted portion of the indicator shows the portion of the waveform currently being displayed. 3 132 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 252 When Radix... is selected, the following items appear in the sub-menu: Binary Hexadecimal Real Go Back The description of these cardinal numbers is given below. Binary 12-bit waveform data is created using the 0 or 1 numeric keys. 3 133 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 253 Figure 3 -95 shows how the same waveform data is displayed in each of the cardinal numbers. Figure 3 95: Numeric Displays for Waveform Data 4. Select Go Back from the current sub-menu. The system returns from the Binary... sub-menu to the previous side menu. 3 134 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 254 The following list shows the names and functions of the items in the side menu. Cutting waveforms Copy to Buffer Copying waveforms Paste from Buffer Pasting waveforms Insert Other Waveform Inserting other waveform data 3 135 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 255 The functions of this item are the same as for the Insert Other Waveform item for the graphic display of the waveform editor. See Page 3 -60. 3 136 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 256: Equation Editor

    2. Select Edit or New Equation from the side menu. Edit Used to select and edit an existing equation file (.EQU) New Equation Used to create a new equation file The equation editor screen will appear. 3 137 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 257 Use Exit/Write in the bottom menu to save the file to the internal memory of the the Editor AWG2021 and exit from the editor depending on the selected side menu item. The same procedure is used to save the file and exit from the equation editor as for the waveform editor.
  • Page 258: Table 3-6: Menu Functions

    Settings for the waveform to be edited 3-149 Waveform Points Setting waveform point count 3 157 Compile Compiling equations into waveform data 3 159 Undo Canceling function execution Exit/Write Saving files and exiting the editor 3 20, 3 138 3 139 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 259 The menu consists of two pages. The first page contains functions, operators, constants, variables and syntax items. The second page contains characters and symbols. These items are selected with the general purpose knob. Use Word Table under Operation to move between pages. 3 140 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 260 When you press the CURSOR button, the inverted cursor in the equation list can be moved with the general purpose knob. Turning the general purpose knob moves the cursor (I) in the equation list. 3 141 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 261 With the first range() specification, any number of lines of equation can be input. Text written after the range() on the same line is invalid. Here is the format for the range( item. range( Equation starting time, Equation ending time ) 3 142 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 262 While the inverted line cursor can be moved with the general purpose knob, you can also move the inverted line cursor directly to the desired line by using the numeric keys to enter the desired line number. 3 143 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 263 Operation. Figure 3 -100 shows the two pages of the components menu. Figure 3 100: Component Menu H Syntax Items. These are parentheses – ( and ) – for specifying the order of operations. Each opening (left) parenthesis must be paired with a closing 3 144 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 264 H Other items pi, e, k, =, The circumferential ratio. Exponent (for an implied 10) The range for numbers expressed in this scientific notation is from |5.9e–39| to |3.4e38|. Examples: 1e6=1,000,000, 1e–3=0.001 3 145 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 265 H Functions. Here are the functions that make up the equation. sin(, cos( The arguments for these trigonometric functions are in radians. range(0,100 ms) Example: cos(2*pi*x) Figure 3 101: Trigonometric Function Waveform Expressed With Variable x 3 146 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 266 Figure 3 102: Trigonometric Function Waveform Expressed With Variable t exp(, log(, ln( Exponential function, common log function, natural log function. The log and ln arguments must be positive. range(0,50 ms) Example: 1–exp(–5*x) range(50 ms,100 ms) exp(–5*x) Figure 3 103: Equation Using exp( 3 147 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 267 EDIT Menu range(0,100 ms) Example: log(10*(x+0.1)) Figure 3 104: Equation Using log( range(0,100 ms) Example: ln(2*(x+0.2)) Figure 3 105: Equation Using ln( 3 148 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 268 The square root; the argument must be a positive value. range(0,100 ms) Example: sqrt(sin(pi*x)) Figure 3 106: Equation Using sqrt( abs( The absolute value. range(0,100 ms) Example: abs(sin(2*pi*x)) Figure 3 107: Equation Using abs( 3 149 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 269 Truncates the fraction to obtain the integer. range(0,100 ms) Example: int(5*sin(2*pi*x))/5 Figure 3 108: Equation Using int( round( Rounds off the fraction to obtain the integer. range(0,100 ms) Example: round(5*sin(2*pi*x))/5 Figure 3 109: Equation Using round( 3 150 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 270 Normalizes the range specified with range() and scales the amplitude values so that the maximum absolute value is 1.0 (i.e. a value of +1.0 or –1.0). The norm() statement comprises an entire line. range(0,100 ms) Example: sin(2*pi*x)+rnd()/10 norm() Figure 3 110: Equation Using norm( 3 151 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 271 EDIT Menu max( Takes the larger of two values. min( Takes the smaller of two values. range(0,100 ms) Example: sin(2*pi*x) range(0,50 ms) min(v,0.5) range(50 ms,100 ms) max(v,–0.5) Figure 3 111: Equation Using max( and min( 3 152 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 272 Specified with diff(). The diff() comprises an entire line. range(0,33 ms) Example: –0.5 range(33 ms,66 ms) range(66 ms,100 ms) –0.5 range(0,100 ms) diff() Differentiating the waveform in Figure 3 -113 gives the waveform shown in Figure 3 -114. 3 153 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 273 EDIT Menu Figure 3 113: Waveform Before Calculation Figure 3 114: Waveform After Differentiation Using diff( See “Differentiation” in Appendix F for a discussion of the algorithms for diff functions. 3 154 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 274 Sets the marker for the range set with range(). After compiling, there is no marker display, but the set marker can be verified with the waveform editor. The mark() statement comprises an entire line. For example, when mark(1) is input, nothing else can be input on that line. 3 155 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 275: Editing Functions

    3. Use the general purpose knob to specify the position to paste the copied line with the inverted display cursor. The position for pasting is directly before the inverted display cursor in the equation list. 4. Select Paste from Buffer from the side menu. 3 156 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 276 When Setting is selected from the bottom menu, the number of waveform points Count for equation file compilation and waveform file creation can be set. Figure 3 -117 shows the menu for when Setting is selected. 3 157 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 277 Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î with the maximum clock of 2.5e+08Hz. Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î 3 158 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 278 The system returns to the equation editor. If an error is detected, an error message is displayed at the top of the screen at high intensity and the inverted display cursor is moved to the equation or 3 159 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 279 Other output parameters are set to the default values. The compiled waveform also has a vertical axis on which –1.0 is data value 0 and +1.0 is data value 4094. There is no relation between these values and the actual output voltage. 3 160 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 280: Sequence Editor

    Figure 3 -119 shows an example of the data in a sequence file and the waveform display for that data. Table 3 7: Sequence File File Name Number of Repetitions Waveform WAVE-1.WFM WAVE-2.WFM WAVE-3.WFM Figure 3 119: Sequence File Data and Sample Waveform Display 3 161 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 281 Use Exit/Write in the bottom menu to save the file to the internal memory of the the Editor AWG2021 and exit from the editor depending on the selected side menu item. The same procedure is used to save the file and exit from the equation editor as for the waveform editor.
  • Page 282: Table 3-8: Menu Functions

    Inserting a sequence file g a seque ce e 3 168 Sequence Show Overview Sequence the display 3 169 Undo Canceling function execution Exit/Write Saving files and exiting the sequence 3 20, 3 162 editor 3 163 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 283 (4) Repeat The repetition count for the file in (3), above. The waveform or sequence file is repeated the specified number of times. This number can be set from 1 to 65535. 3 164 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 284 Pressing the z button moves the inverted cursor left or up one step in the Destination list or Repeat column. Pressing the ! button moves the inverted cursor right or down one step in the Destination list or Repeat column. 3 165 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 285 Catalog into the Destina- tion list. Pressing the ! button causes the inverted cursor to move to the right or downward. Pressing the z button causes the inverted cursor to move to the left or upward. 3 166 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 286 Destination list. 5. Select Paste from Buffer from the side menu. Each time Paste from Buffer is selected, the line copied into the paste buffer with the copy processing are pasted into whatever line you want. 3 167 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 287 Inserting a Sequence File. Select a sequence file in the Catalog to display the Insert Contents of Sequence item in the side menu. When this item is selected, the contents of the sequence file are developed and inserted into the Destination list. 3 168 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 288 The waveform will be displayed, together with such information as the voltage indicated by the vertical axis, the waveform point size and the clock frequency. Figure 3 -123 shows an example of a waveform display with the Show Overview item selected. 3 169 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 289 EDIT Menu Figure 3 123: Example of CRT Display When Show Overview is Selected 2. After observing the waveform, select Continue Operation from the side menu to return to the sequence editor. 3 170 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 290: Table 3 9: Autostep File Ch1

    Table 3 9: Autostep File Step File Name Output Conditions Waveform SIN-1.WFM Amplitude 2 V Offset 0 V SQUARE.WFM Amplitude 3 V Offset 0 V RAMP.WFM Amplitude 1 V Offset 0.5 V 3 171 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 291 (which you have either created or edited, depending on the side menu) to the internal memory of the AWG2021 and exit from the editor. The same procedure is used to save the file and exit from the autostep editor as for the waveform editor.
  • Page 292 2) Select the icon on the 20 MHz screen. 5 MHz 3) Press the VALUE button. 1 MHz Amplitude Default Value Offset Default Value Figure 3 125: Autostep Editor Menu Structure 3 173 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 293 Items selected on the screen Clock Clock settings 3 181 CH1 Operation CH1 operation settings 3 182 Waveform/Sequence Setting files 3 177 Filter Filter settings 3 183 Amplitude Amplitude settings 3 184 Offset Offset settings 3 185 3 174 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 294 (4) CH1 File Setting Area Indicates the file set for CH1 in the step indicated by (2). The waveform and output parameters for that file are shown in this area. These output parameters may be changed. 3 175 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 295 Pressing this key at a programmed step moves to the next step. Pressing the VALUE button makes it possible to set the selected output parameter. Use the general purpose knob to select the output parameter to be set. 3 176 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 296 To set a file for Step 1 of the autostep program: 2. Using the general purpose knob, select the item for which a file will be set on CH1. Figure 3 127: Selecting the Item for File Setting 3 177 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 297 4. Using the general purpose knob, select the desired file. 5. If you want to check the waveform of the selected file, select Show Catalog Entry from the side menu. Figure 3 129: Sample File Waveform Display 3 178 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 298 Filter Through Ampl 1.000V Offset 0.000V Among them, Clock and CH1 Operation depend on the CH1 file. Use Clear from the side menu to delete the file setting for the channel indicated by the cursor. 3 179 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 299 6. Select O.K. from the side menu. The parameters will be updated to the selected items or set values. Selecting Cancel will cancel the setting operation and the previous menu will reappear. 3 180 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 300 Default Value Sets the internal clock frequency to the default value of 100.0 MHz. After setting the clock source and clock frequency, select O.K. from the side menu. The values for 3 181 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 301 CH1 waveform. You can only selecting Add or AM in instruments that have Option 02 installed. See “CH1 Waveform Operations” in “SETUP Menu.” After selecting the type of operation, select O.K. from the side menu. The operation type will be updated to what you have set. 3 182 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 302 Figure 3 133: Filter Setting Menu Using the general purpose knob, select the type of filter. After selecting the filter type, select O.K. from the side menu. The filter type will be updated to what you have set. 3 183 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 303 This item sets the amplitude to the default value of 1.000 V. After setting the amplitude, select O.K. from the side menu. The value for amplitude will be updated to the value you have set. 3 184 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 304 This item sets the offset to the default value of 0.000 V. After setting the offset, select O.K. from the side menu. The value for offset will be updated to the value you have set. 3 185 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 305 4. Select Paste Step from the side menu. All of the steps after the one that has been pasted will move down one step. 3 186 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 306 3. Select More 1 of 2 from the side menu and then select Swap Channel Contents... 4. Select Channel from the sub-menu. 5. Using the general purpose knob, select the channel with which the step contents are to be swapped. 3 187 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 307 Use the numeric keys or the general purpose knob to enter the number of the desired step. To First Step Used to move to the first step. To Last Step Used to move to the last step. 3 188 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 308 2. Select More from the side menu to display the third page of the side menu: More 3 of 3. 3. Select Convolve Waveform from the side menu. The convolution waveform editor screen will appear. 3 189 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 309 Table 3 11: Menu Functions Menu Function Page Waveform Selecting a waveform file 3 192 Operation Executing convolution/correlation 3 193 Exit/Write Saving files and exiting the editor 3 20, 3 190 3 190 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 310 The waveform point size will be the sum of the point sizes for Waveform1 and Waveform2. When the data is saved, the clock frequency for Waveform1 will be saved to that file. 3 191 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 311 5. Using the general purpose knob, select the other waveform file for operation from the Select Waveform list and then select O.K. The waveform you have selected will be displayed in the Waveform2 display area under Source. Figure 3 138: Selecting a Waveform File 3 192 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 312 Figure 3 -139 shows an example of convolution for which differentiation has been performed. Figure 3 -140 shows an example of correlation. Figure 3 139: Sample Convolution 3 193 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 313 EDIT Menu Figure 3 140: Sample Correlation 3 194 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 314 The Edit in Frequency Domain item is added to the side menu. 4. Select Edit in Frequency Domain from the side menu. The menu for selecting the window function is displayed. See Figure 3 -141. 3 195 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 315 6. Next, select O.K. from the side menu to enter the FFT editor. The time domain data is transformed into the frequency domain. To cancel the FFT operation, select Cancel. This returns the system to the initial EDIT menu. 3 196 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 316 Select Exit/Write from the bottom menu. Then select from the side menu to the Editor save the edited file to the internal memory of the AWG2021 and exit from the editor. When this is done, the frequency domain data is converted into time domain data and saved as a waveform file.
  • Page 317 Cutting extraneous frequency components 3 208 Delete Even, Delete Odd Deleting even or odd components 3 208 Shift Mag Shifting magnitudes 3 209 Undo Canceling function execution Exit/Write Saving files and exiting the editor 3 20, 3 197 3 198 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 318 The area displayed on the screen is displayed inverted. (5) Magnitude Display Area This area displays the magnitudes for the frequency components. (6) Phase Display Area This area displays the phases for the frequency components. 3 199 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 319 2. Press the CURSOR button on the front panel to select the left/right vertical bar cursor. Using the numeric keys or the general purpose knob, move the active vertical bar cursor to the frequency to be edited. 3 200 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 320 Immediately after you select the Draw... item, a point cursor will appear midway between the vertical bar cursors, in the center of the vertical axis. The following diagram shows the menu configuration for the Draw... item. 3 201 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 321 2. Press the CURSOR button on the front panel. Using the general purpose knob, move the left and right vertical bar cursors to define the frequency domain for drawing the magnitude or phase. Use the CURSOR button to toggle between the left and right vertical bar cursors. 3 202 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 322 8. Select Execute from the sub-menu. The points that you have added will be connected to the magnitude or phase on the left and right vertical bar cursors. Figure 3 -145 shows an example of a magnitude drawn between the vertical bar cursors. 3 203 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 323 Select Zoom from the bottom menu to display menu items that magnify the signal to x1, x4, x8, x16, or x64 along the frequency axis. Figure 3 -146 shows the magnified signal display when Zoom is selected from the bottom menu with x16 is selected. 3 204 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 324 H High Frequency Pass Filter (High-Pass) — This filter eliminates frequencies lower than the specified frequency. H Band Pass Filter (Band-Pass) — This filter eliminates frequencies outside the specified band. H Band Cut Filter (Band-Elim) — This filter eliminates frequencies in the specified band. 3 205 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 325 EDIT Menu Figure 3 147: Low Pass Filter Figure 3 148: High Pass Filter Figure 3 149: Band Pass Filter 3 206 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 326 When Limiter is selected from the bottom menu, the following items will appear in the side menu. Cut under Delete Even Delete Odd Shift Mag 3 207 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 327 3. Select Delete Even (even) or Delete Odd (odd) from the side menu. The even or odd component within the left and right vertical bar cursors is cut. Figure 3 -151 shows the fundamental, even, and odd component. 3 208 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 328 4. Select Shift Mag from the side menu. The entire area within the left and right vertical bar cursors will shift so the signal with the maximum magni- tude between the cursors becomes the limit level. 3 209 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 329 EDIT Menu 3 210 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 330: Setup Menu

    For further information on locking files, see “Locking and Unlocking Files” item in the section on editors. This section will discuss the menus found on the AWG2021 Option 02 with the CH2 output. Instruments without the Option 02 have no channel switching and parameters are only set for CH1.
  • Page 331: Setup Menu Structure

    Channel Selection Offset Setting Offset Track Graphics Display Text Available when Option 02 has been installed. For instruments with Option 02 installed (CH2), these items switch between CH1 and CH2. Figure 3 152: SETUP Menu Structure 3 212 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 332: Table 3-13: Menu Functions

    3 217 CH1 Operation CH1 waveform operation 3 221 Filter Setting filter 3 225 Amplitude Setting amplitude 3 226 Offset Setting offset 3 226 Display Selecting the display format for the 3 216 SETUP menu 3 213 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 333: Setup Menu Display

    Shows the filter applied to output, the amplitude of the output Settings waveform and the offset setting. (6) CH1 Output On/Off Shows whether CH1 output is on or off. To turn CH1 output on or off, use the CH1 On/Off button on the front panel. 3 214 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 334 The period is the number of data points in the waveform or sequence, multiplied by the clock frequency. (8) CH2 Output Parameters For instruments with Option 02 installed (CH2), shows the CH2 output parameters as well as CH1 output parameters. 3 215 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 335 Text This mode shows the output parameters in text form for each channel. It is convenient for printing a hard copy of the settings. See Figure 3 -154. Figure 3 154: SETUP Menu (Text Mode) 3 216 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 336 A waveform or sequence file that has just been created with the editor has the default output parameters set. Clock 100.0 MHz (can also be set using the editor) Operation NORMAL Filter Through Amplitude Offset 3 217 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 337 When the file is confirmed, the output parameters for that file will be set automatically. 3 218 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 338 1 msec Figure 3 155: Clock and Waveform Points To set Clock, perform these steps: To set the Source to Internal and then set the CH1 clock frequency: 1. Select Clock from the bottom menu. 3 219 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 339 1 to give CH2 the same clock frequency as CH1. If you change the clock frequency for CH1, the frequency division ratio stays the same and the clock frequency for CH2 changes. 3 220 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 340 The following is a more detailed description of each process: Normal Waveforms are output separately from each channel. CH1 output is the CH1 waveform with the amplitude modulated (multiplied) by the waveform output from CH2. See Figure 3 -156. 3 221 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 341 Max: 100.00% Min: 0.00% NOTE. When multiplication results in an output that exceeds 5 Vp-p, the signal may be distorted. The CH1 waveform is added to the waveform output from CH2. See Figure 3 -157. 3 222 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 342 NOTE. When addition results in an output that exceeds 5 Vp-p, the signal may be distorted. External AM The CH1 waveform output is amplitude modulated by the external signal input from the rear panel CH1 AM IN connector. See Figure 3 -158. 3 223 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 343: Table 3-14: Output Signal Amplitude Relative To External Modulation Signal

    NOTE. When the external modulation signal is overmodulated 1 V or more, the output will exceed 5 Vp-p and the signal may be distorted. The maximum signal that can be input to the CH1 AM IN connector is 5 V: the input impedance is 10 kW. 3 224 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 344: Setting Filter

    12-bit full scale voltage. These values are terminated with 50 W. Figure 3 -159 shows the display when the amplitude is set to 5 V and the offset is set to 1 V. Figure 3 159: Setting Amplitude and Offset 3 225 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 345: Setting Offset

    CH1 values will also be applied to the CH2. Use the following procedure to link CH2 amplitude to CH1 amplitude. In such cases, CH1 and CH2 have their own files one for each. 3 226 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 346 CH2 amplitude has changed accordingly. The same procedure can be used to link the offset values for other channels to the CH1 waveform. In such cases, the linkage setting will be displayed below the CH2 offset icon. 3 227 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 347 SETUP Menu 3 228 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 348: Mode Menu

    The display is almost the same for all operating modes. The explanations that follow are for an instrument with the Option 02, CH2 output. An instrument without the Option 02 has only the CH1 display. 3 229 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 349: Mode Menu Structure

    STOP Positive Slope Negative Level Waveform 50 W Advance Impedance 1 MW STOP Positive Slope Negative Level 50 W Impedance Autostep 1 MW Select Autostep File STOP Start Sync Figure 3 160: MODE Menu Structure 3 230 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 350: Table 3-15: Menu Functions

    Setting trigger parameters for an external 3 241 trigger (gate) Polarity 3 241 Level 3 241 Impedance 3 241 Select Autostep File Selecting autostep files 3 239 STOP Stopping waveform output 3 233 Sync Setting sync signal 3 242 3 231 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 351: Mode Menu Display

    (3) List The contents of the waveform or sequence files described in (2), above, are displayed for each channel. In Waveform Advance mode, the name of the file being output is displayed in the list inverted. 3 232 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 352: Setting The Operating Mode

    MANUAL button is pressed or another external trigger signal is generated, such a trigger has no effect. When Triggered is selected, the following items will be displayed in the side menu: Slope Level 3 233 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 353 When Gated is selected, the following items will be displayed in the side menu: Polarity Level 3 234 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 354 Level Impedance Burst Count STOP The Slope, Level and Impedance items are used to set the trigger conditions for the external trigger signal. Figure 3 -164 shows the output waveform for an external trigger signal. 3 235 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 355 The Slope, Level and Impedance items are used to set the trigger conditions for the external trigger signal. When this instrument goes into Waveform Advance mode, it waits for a trigger to be generated. This trigger can be generated from the external trigger signal 3 236 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 356: Table 3-16: Sequence File

    No. of Repetitions Output Conditions Waveform WAVE1.WFM Amplitude 2 V Offset 0 V WAVE2.WFM External Trigger Signal Output Signal -1 V WAVE1.WFM WAVE2.WFM WAVE1.WFM Figure 3 165: Output Waveform for External Trigger Signal in Waveform Advance Mode 3 237 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 357 When a trigger signal is received, the Step:1 waveform for each channel is output once; when the next trigger signal is received, the Step:2 waveform is output (once). When the next trigger signal is received while waveform output is 3 238 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 358: Table 3-17: Autostep File

    1. Select Autostep from the bottom menu. 2. Choose Select Autostep File from the side menu. When this item is selected, the list of autostep files created with the autostep editor is displayed. See Figure 3 -167. 3 239 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 359 4. After selecting the file, to enter the selection, select O.K. from the sub- menu. To cancel the file selection, select Cancel from the sub-menu. When you select O.K., the autostep program starts. 3 240 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 360 Figure 3 -168 shows the slope (polarity) and level controls. Positive Going Edge Negative Going Edge Trigger Level Can be Adjusted Vertically Trigger Slope Can be Positive or Negative Figure 3 168: Slope and Level Controls 3 241 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 361 In Burst mode, the sync signal is generated at the end of the burst count. NOTE. When the Sync setting is switched from Start to End, the sync output is generated. 3 242 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 362: General Description

    The SAVE menu saves files from internal memory of the instrument to mass memory. NOTE. When a sequence file is loaded or saved with the LOAD/SAVE menu, the waveforms and sequence files used in that sequence file are also loaded or saved. 3 243 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 363 Memory Capacity When you exit from the EDIT menu, the files you created with the editors are saved into the AWG2021 internal memory (RAM). Up to 400 files (depending on size) can be saved in the internal memory. NOTE. The data in this instrument’s internal memory is lost when the power is switched off.
  • Page 364 Disk Auto Load from NVRam This item is displayed when an equation file (.EQU) has been selected in the list of files contained in the instrument's internal memory. Figure 3 170: LOAD/SAVE Menu Structure 3 245 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 365: Table 3-18: Menu Functions

    Load Loading files from mass memory into 3 251 internal memory Save Saving files form internal memory to mass 3 253 memory GPIB Transferring waveform data directly 3 255 Auto Load Auto loading 3 258 3 246 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 366 LOAD/SAVE Menu LOAD Menu Display Figure 3 -171 shows the general display for the LOAD menu. A description for each callout follows. Figure 3 171: LOAD Menu CRT Screen Display 3 247 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 367 The file data is the same as in (1), above. For the LOAD menu, you can select files to load from this list to the AWG2021 internal memory. For the SAVE menu, when a file is saved from internal memory of the instrument to mass memory, the saved file is added to this list.
  • Page 368: Selecting The Device

    LOAD/SAVE Menu Selecting the Device Select Device to select the source from which files are loaded into the AWG2021 internal memory and the destination to which files are saved from internal memory. You may select Disk, NVRam or GPIB. 1. Select Device from the bottom menu.
  • Page 369: Table 3-19: Supported Instruments

    9503, 9504 (Use together with RTD710 [A]) Sony Tektronix RTD710 Series Waveform Digitizer RTD710[A] AWG2000 Series Arbitrary Waveform Generator AWG2005, AWG2020, AWG2021, AWG2040 AFG2020 Function Waveform Generator Hewlett Packard 54600 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope HP54501A, HP54502A, HP54503A, HP54504A, HP54510A 54500 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope...
  • Page 370 This item is the same as the Change Directory item on the UTILITY menu. See the explanation in “Using the Disk Menu” in Section 4E, “UTILITY Menu.” There is no directory hierarchy for the NVRam. 3. Select Load from the bottom menu. 3 251 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 371 Answer O.K. or Cancel. 3 252 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 372 4. Use the general purpose knob to select the file to be saved to mass memory from the internal memory file list. 5. Select Save from the side menu. The selected file is saved to the specified mass memory (for a disk, the current directory). 3 253 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 373 Points) Calculation formula When comments and waveform point sizes are written to .EQA files as noted above, these are reflected in the equation files (.EQU) created when the .EQA files are loaded into this instrument. 3 254 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 374 “Name” column in the GPIB Source list at the bottom of the screen. When waveform data is loaded into the internal memory of the AWG2021, a waveform file will be 3 255...
  • Page 375 The procedure up to Step 5 is the same as that for “Loading Manufacturers waveform data”, above. 1. Using the general purpose knob, select Others... from the GPIB Source list. 2. Press the Load button in the side menu. A list of models will appear. 3 256 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 376 LOAD/SAVE Menu Figure 3 176: List of Supported Models Made by Other Manufacturers NOTE. Contact a Tektronix sales office in the event that waveform transfer is not possible from an instrument made by another manufacturer, due to an upgrade or other change.
  • Page 377 When from Disk or from NVRam is selected from the side menu, go to the next procedure. 3. Switch the AWG2021 power off, then on again. Double check that files are automatically loaded from mass memory to internal memory the way you selected from the side menu.
  • Page 378: Table 3-20: Supported Floppy Disk Files

    LOAD/SAVE Menu Supported Floppy Disk Files Table 3-20 shows a list of file name extensions denoting the type of disk files that can be loaded to the internal memory of the AWG2021. Table 3 20: Supported Floppy Disk Files Extension...
  • Page 379 Load All and Auto Load operations in the LOAD menu. If unexpected file formats or file contents are encountered when loading .ISF, .WVN, .WFB, .WFM, .WAV, .WDT or .EQA files, an error usually results and “Invalid file format” or a similar message is displayed. 3 260 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 380: Utility Menu

    Setting the Order of Files Date/Time Display Factory Setting Deleting Data From Memory Remote Port Settings Settings for Hard Copy Output System and GPIB/RS-232-C Status I/O Event Reporting. See Programmer Manual for details. Diag/Cal Diagnostics and Calibration 3 261 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 381: Utility Menu Structure

    Date Time Hour Minute Brightness Display... Catalog Order Date Time Reset to Factory Config... Secure Erase Memory Remote Port Misc Format Hardcopy... Port System Status... Diagnostics Diag/Cal Calibrations Interactive Test Figure 3 177: UTILITY Menu Structure 3 262 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 382: Table 3-1: Menu Functions

    Misc Other settings and displays 3 279 Display... Setting the display 3 279 Brightness Setting the display brightness 3 280 Catalog Order Setting the order of files 3 280 Date Time Date/Time display 3 283 3 263 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 383: Table 3-21: Menu Functions

    Disk from the bottom menu. The files saved in the root directory and AWG2021 directory are read out and displayed on the CRT screen. When Disk is selected in the bottom menu, the following items will appear in the side menu:...
  • Page 384 (high density) disks in three different MS-DOS formats: IBM-PC format, NEC PC9800 series format, and Toshiba J3100 series format. Formatted disks are automatically labeled “AWG2021”. New floppy disks must be formatted before they can be used. Figure 3 -178 shows the sub-menu displayed after formatting the disk.
  • Page 385: Table 3-22: Ms-Dos Formats For 3.5-Inch Disks

    720 Kbytes/9 sectors (2DD) 640 Kbytes/8 sectors (2 DD) 1 : Format normally used on personal computer (format selected with AWG2021). 2 : Not regular format, but can be read and written. 3 : Can not be read or written.
  • Page 386 Locking the disk will prevent it from being written to or erased. To unlock the disk and enable it to be written to or erased, move the tab back toward the center of the disk so it covers the hole. 3 267 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 387 The setting of the LOAD/SAVE menu and Auto Load determine the directory at power on. When the Auto Load item is set to Disk, the AWG2021 sub-directory is selected automatically . (In this case, this AWG2021 sub-directory must exist.) If Auto Load is Off, the current directory is the root directory.
  • Page 388 Root directory AWG2021 (DIR) If the AWG2021 sub-directory has been created ahead of time, the files under the AWG2021 directory are automatically loaded into internal memory by the LOAD/SAVE menu Auto Load setting, when power is switched on. The following procedure assumes that the current directory is the root directory.
  • Page 389 2. Select More 1 of 2, then Make Directory from the side menu. The menu for naming the directory is displayed. 3. Use the general purpose knob to input a directory name of AWG2021. See Figure 3 -181. The method for inputting the directory name is the same as the method for inputting a file name in the waveform editor.
  • Page 390 Example: Changing a Directory. 5. Select Change Directory from the side menu. 6. Use the general purpose knob to select the AWG2021 sub-directory you just created from the directory list. See Figure 3 -182. Figure 3 182: Directory Displayed When Change Directory is Selected...
  • Page 391 See Figure 3 -183. Figure 3 183: File List for a Newly Created Directory This completes the move of the current directory to the AWG2021 sub-direc- tory. Files and new directories can be created in this directory. Next, here is how to return the current directory to the root directory.
  • Page 392 EDIT menu. See Page 3 -8 to 3 -11. Figure 3 -184 shows the menu displayed when NVRam is selected from the bottom menu. Figure 3 184: Menu Displayed When NVRam is Selected 3 273 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 393: Remote Interface

    Setting GPIB Configuration. Devices on the GPIB bus must be configured compatibly to communicate. Select GPIB from the bottom menu to set the GPIB configuration. See Figure 3 -185. Use the side menu items to set the GPIB configuration and the address of this instrument. 3 274 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 394 See Table 3-19 in Section 4D LOAD/SAVE menu for a list of supported instru- ments. 3 275 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 395 Port [UTILITY menu ! Misc (bottom menu) ! Config... (side menu) ! Remote Port (sub-menu)]. A cable is connected between the computer and this instrument’s RS-232-C connector. The AWG2021 must be configured as the data communications equipment (DCE) and the host computer must be configured as the data terminal equipment (DTE).
  • Page 396 Flagging Selects None, Soft, or Hard. This item is used to announce that the input buffer is full. Until the transmission allowed instruction is issued, the other device stops the data transfer. 3 277 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 397: Date And Time

    3. In the same way, select the Month, Day, and Hour and set the month, day, and hour. 4. Select Minute from the side menu. Each time the minute is set with the general purpose knob, the second is reset to 00. When the time is set, the 3 278 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 398 The following diagram shows the menu configuration for Display..Brightness Name1 Name2 Time1 Catalog Order Time2 Misc Display... Type1 Type2 Type3 Type4 Date Time We will discuss the Brightness, Catalog Order and Date Time items in the sub-menu. 3 279 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 399 UTILITY Menu Setting the Display Brightness. The AWG2021 screen has three levels of brightness. These levels are set with the Brightness menu item. To set the screen brightness: 1. Select Misc from the bottom menu. 2. Select Display... from the side menu.
  • Page 400 The files in the catalog are displayed in the initial EDIT menu, LOAD/SAVE and UTILITY menus. Changing the file order in a catalog will change the order in all menus. Figure 3 -190 shows the list of files as shown in the initial EDIT menu. 3 281 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 401 (Date & Time) from newest to oldest. H Type4: Type Time-Reverse Files are displayed by extension (Type) in alphabetical order and, within each file type, by creation date (Date & Time) from oldest to newest. 3 282 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 402 2. Select Display... from the side menu. 3. Press Date Time in the sub-menu and select On. The current date and time will be displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the screen, as shown in Figure 3 -192. 3 283 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 403 RAM (NVRam). The factory settings are listed in Appendix F. Deleting Data From Memory. Use this item to delete the data stored in the internal memory and the non-volatile RAM (NVRam). This will also cause all values 3 284 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 404 3. Press the Remote Port button in the sub-menu and select either GPIB or RS232C. The remote interface port that you have selected will be displayed on the left side of the status line at the top of the screen. 3 285 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 405: Table 3-23: Format Extensions

    A format for a Windows black & white image file Epson A format for output to a 9 pin or 24 pin dot matrix printer in ESC/P graphic mode. EPS Mono Encapsulated Postscript format for black & white image files. 3 286 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 406 The following message will appear in the message area: Hardcopy in progress. If you want to stop printing the hard copy in mid-process, press the HARDCOPY button again. When the hard copy has been printed, the following message will appear: Saved in SETUP000.TIF. 3 287 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 407 GPIB/RS-232-C status window. The system status comprises the instrument name, firmware version number, and installation data for each board. The GPIB status is the address, and configuration. Status items other than the address and configuration are set by the remote controller. 3 288 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 408 RS-232-C interface. See the programmer manual for more information on event reporting. 1. Select Misc from the bottom menu. 2. Select Status... from the side menu. 3. Select I/O from the sub-menu. Event reporting will be displayed, as shown in Figure 3 -196. 3 289 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 409 These same diagnostics tests can also be initiated by selecting the Diagnostics item. These diagnostics are helpful when repairing this instrument. When the Diagnostics item is selected, the list of diagnostics items shown in Figure 3 -197 will appear. 3 290 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 410 1. Select Diag/Cal from the bottom menu. 2. Select Diagnostics from the side menu. 3. Turn the general purpose knob to select the desired diagnostic item. To execute all the tests one after another, select All. 3 291 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 411 Code column. Calibrations. This instrument is equipped with the system to calibrate itself. This enables the AWG2021 to operate with greater precision. A series of calibrations is carried out by selecting the Calibrations item.
  • Page 412 NOTE. If an error occurs, contact our representative closest to you. Pattern Display (For Instrument Adjustment). This item is used when adjusting the instrument. As it is not used for operation, a description is omitted here. 3 293 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 413 UTILITY Menu 3 294 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 414: General Description

    Table 3 24: Number of Data Points for Frequencies and Marker Signal Width Frequency Data Points Marker Signal Width 10.00 Hz  25.00 kHz 10000 200(points) 25.01 kHz  250.0 kHz 1000 250.1 kHz  2.500 MHz 3 295 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 415 Amplitude Offset Square Normal Polarity Invert Frequency Amplitude Offset Ramp Normal Polarity Invert Frequency Amplitude Offset Pulse Normal Polarity Invert Duty Available when Option 02 has been installed. Figure 3 199: FG Mode Menu Structure 3 296 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 416 (2) Waveform period Shows the period for the waveforms. This value is applied to all waveforms. 3 297 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 417 Setting the Frequency The frequency is set with a 4-digit number from 10.00 Hz to 2.500 MHz using the numeric keys or the general purpose knob. Waveform periods(Period) are displayed at the bottom of the screen. 3 298 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 418 See Figure 3 -203. The figure below at left shows a sine wave whose polarity has been set to “Normal,” the figure on the right shows a sine wave whose polarity has been set to “Invert.” 3 299 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 419: External Output

    This is because the sync signal is generated for every 200 data points, and 100 data points for the one cycle waveform is not a multiple of 8 as explained at the Data Length in Section 3. 3 300 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 420 CH1 MARKER1 output connector and the rear panel CH1 MARKER2 OUT connector. When Option 02, the CH2 option, is installed, the marker signals are output from the rear panel CH2 MARKER1 OUT and CH2 MARKER2 OUT connectors. 3 301 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 421 Function Waveform Generator Mode 3 302 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 422: Appendix A: Options And Accessories

    Option 03 provides the following signals at the rear–panel output connector. Data Output) NOTE. An AWG2021 cannot be equipped with Option 03, Option 04 and Option 09 together. Select either Option 03, Option 04 or Option 09. Data Output. The data (D0–D11) fed to theAWG2021 internal D/A converter is buffered and delivered to the output connector.
  • Page 423 Appendix A: Options and Accessories Clock Output. The same clock that is fed to the AWG2021 internal D/A converter is buffered like the data and delivered to the output connector. The clock output is differential ECL output. Figure A-1 is a block diagram of the digital data output option.
  • Page 424: Table A-1: Output Signal

    Operation. Operation is the same as for the basic instrument. When a waveform is not being output, the waveform’s initial data may be output to the connector. At this time, no clock is generated. When starting the waveform output, the clock is generated and the data is updated. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 425 (see Figure A-3). Load, reset, hold off period : Excess output can occur in these periods. Trigger Signal Waveform Figure A 3: Generation of Excess Output AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 426 The data output signal skew is held to 1 ns max. The rise and fall time depend on the buffer ICs, but neither is greater than 1 ns (see Figure A-5). Neither of these specifications includes cables; it is specified at the output connector. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 427 Delay Line Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Clock Buffer Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î 4 ns Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Figure A 6: Data Latching AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 428 Appendix A: Options and Accessories Cable Application Example. The cable connecting the AWG2021 and the user circuit is extremely critical for reliable operation at the maximum clock frequency. NOTE. Use a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 W for all DATA and CLOCK lines.
  • Page 429 DELAY LINE RESISTOR: 50 ohm 4 ns 10E116 CAPACITOR: 0.1 mF CLOCK DB0 DB11 *CLOCK -2 V -2 V 10E116 -2 V 10E151 -2 V 10E116 *D11 -2 V -2 V Figure A 9: Waveform Reproduction Circuit Example AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 430 DIGITAL DATA OUT connectors on the rear panel, see “Rear Panel” in Section 2 “Overview.” NOTE. An AWG2021 cannot be equipped with Option 03, Option 04 and Option 09 together. Select either Option 03, Option 04 or Option 09. Data Output. The data (D0–D11) fed to the internal D/A converter is buffered and connected to the output connector.
  • Page 431: Table A-2: Connector Pin Assignments

    Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î CH2 DIGITAL DATA OUT CH1 DIGITAL DATA OUT Figure A 11: The Shape of the Output Connector Table A 2: Connector Pin Assignments Pin Number Signal Pin Number Signal D0 (LSB) A 10 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 432 Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Figure A 12: Generation of Excess Output A 11 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 433 H Output Circuit and Output Waveform. Figure A-13 shows a diagram of the output circuit. After passing through an output resistance of 50 W, the buffer output proceeds to the output connectors. The AWG2021 can be used without terminating the receiving (user) side with a resistance of 50 W, but when waveform distortion is great the 50 W termination is required.
  • Page 434 Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Clock Buffer Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î 0  10 ns Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Figure A 15: Data Latching A 13 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 435 CLOCK lines. Keep cables as short as possible.Lengths under 1-meter are desirable. The AWG2021 for Option 04 comes with two digital data out cables as a standard accessory. The cable is 1-meter long and is illustrated in Figure A-16.
  • Page 436 50 W Î Î Î Î Figure A 17: Waveform Reproduction Circuit Example NOTE. Tektronix cannot be responsible for the infringement of any third-party industrial proprietary rights, copyrights, or other rights arising from the use of these circuits. NOTE. The ECB is a multi-layer board. One layer is used as ground and the other as the power supply.
  • Page 437: Table A-3: Power Cord Options

    Option 1R (Rack Mount) The AWG2021 is shipped mounted in a 19-inch wide rack. In this configuration, the floppy disk drive is accessed from the front panel. To change an AWG2021 into a rackmounted version, contact Tektronix for information. For further information regarding the rack–mount adapter, see the instruction sheet that comes with the rack–mount kit.
  • Page 438: Standard Accessories

    Appendix A: Options and Accessories Accessories Standard Accessories The AWG2021 includes the following standard accessories: Standard Accessory Part Number Manuals User Manual 070 9097 50 Programmer Manual 070 8657 XX Floppy disk Sample Waveform Library Disk, 3.5 inch 063 2169 XX Sample program, 3.5 inch...
  • Page 439 Appendix A: Options and Accessories A 18 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 440: Appendix B: Performance Characteristics

    Items marked with ** are tested in the Performance Verification (Appendix C) Nominal Traits This section will describe general characteristics of the AWG2021. These can be divided into two main categories: electrical characteristics and mechanical characteristics.
  • Page 441 The offset range expands about 2 times (-5 V  +5 V) into open circuit. Its actual value is two times the displayed value. 10 V (The absolute peak Amplitude + Offset) -100 mA  +100 mA into 50 W (current source output) Resolution 5 mV Impedance 50 W AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 442 Data (D0  D11), Clock Amplitude >2 V into 50 W Impedance 50 W Connector 26-pin header Auxiliary Input Trigger Threshold Level -5 V to 5V Resolution 0.1 V Impedance 1 MW with 30 pF (max) or 50 W AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 443 6A fast blow, 250 V, UL198G(3AG) or 5 A (T), 250 V, IEC127 Battery Type Li3 V, 650 mAH Table B-1-1 Period Jitter (CH1 Marker 1 Out) Clock=250MS/s Clock=100MS/s StdDev Pk-Pk StdDev Pk-Pk 11.0 ps 60.0 ps 10.5 ps 50.0 ps AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 444 Table B 2: Mechanical Characteristics Characteristics Description Net Weight Standard 9.7 kg Size Height 163mm (6.4 inches) with feet Width 363mm (14.3 inches) with handle Length 490mm (19.3 inches) with front cover 564mm (22.2 inches) with handle extended AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 445: Warranted Characteristics

    Appendix B: Performance Characteristics Warranted Characteristics This section will describe the warranted characteristics of the AWG2021. These can be divided into two main categories: electrical characteristics and environ- mental characteristics. Performance Conditions The electrical characteristics are valid under the following conditions: 1.
  • Page 446 Spurious Excluding Clock frequency <-66 dBc 0.5 V <-66 dBc Auxiliary Output ** SYNC ** Amplitude >1.2 V into 50 W, >2.4 V into open circuit Duration 100 ns 20% Sync to Signal delay within 15 ns AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 447 Output Data rate 100 MB/s minimum Clock to Data delay (see Figure B 1) within 4 ns Middle point of the Data Data Within 4 ns Clock Figure B 1: Timing for the Data and Clock Signals AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 448 ** External AM ** Sensitivity ( 5%) signal causes 100% modulation. Ext Signal 100% modulation 50% modulation -1 V 0% modulation Frequency Response DC to 30 MHz (-3 dB) External Signal DC to 4 MHz (-3 dB) AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 449 5% to 90% (No condensation) Maximum wet bulb temperature 40.0_ C Altitude Operating To 4.5 km (15000 ft). Maximum operating temperature decreases 1_ C each 300 m above 1.5 km. Non operating To 15 km (50000 ft). B 10 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 450 30 A peak for < 5 line cycles, after product has been off for at least 30 s. Cooling Clearance Top Clearance 76mm (3 inches) Side Clearance 152mm (6 inches) Rear Clearance 76mm (3 inches) B 11 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 451: Typical Characteristics

    Appendix B: Performance Characteristics Typical Characteristics This section will describe the typical characteristics for the AWG2021. These values represent typical or average performance and are not absolutely guaran- teed. Table B 5: Electrical Characteristics Characteristics Description Delay 1 MHz 390 ns...
  • Page 452 Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs. Occasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must be expected. This location is a typical office/home environment. Temporary condensation occurs only when the product is out of service. B 13 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 453 IEC Characteristics Equipment type: Test and Measuring Installation Category II (as defined in IEC 61010-1, Annex J) Pollution Degree 2 (as defined in IEC 61010-1) Safety Class I (as defined in IEC 61010-1, Annex H) B 14 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 454: Appendix C: Performance Verification

    Advantages: These procedures are short, require no external equipment, and perform extensive functional and accuracy testing. Use them to quickly determine if the AWG2021 is suitable for use, like when it is first received. H For a more extensive confirmation of performance, do the Performance Tests, beginning on page C-5 after doing the Self Tests.
  • Page 455: Self Tests

    “push MODE,” or “select Burst in the bottom menu.” Self Tests This section describes how to use AWG2021 internal self-test routines. No equipment is required to do these procedures. The self tests include these internal routines:...
  • Page 456 Equipment None Required Prerequisites Power on the AWG2021 and allow a 20 minute warmup period before doing this procedure. 1. Verify that internal diagnostics pass: Do the following substeps to verify passing internal diagnostics. a. Display the diagnostics menu and select all tests: Push UTILITY!Diag/Cal!Diagnostics xxxx!All.
  • Page 457 Equipment Required None Prerequisites Power on the AWG2021 and allow a 20 minute warmup period before doing this procedure. 1. Verify that internal adjustments pass: Do the following substeps to verify passing of internal adjustments.
  • Page 458: Performance Tests

    H You must have performed and passed the calibration procedure described in Self Tests, the previous subsection. NOTE. For operation to specified accuracy, allow the AWG2021 to warm up at least 20 minutes before doing the performance tests. H Load all the files from the Performance Check/Adjustment disk...
  • Page 459: Related Information

    2 -28 in section 2. Related Information Read Preparation and Conventions on page C-1. Also, if you are not familiar with operating the AWG2021, read in section 2 before doing any of these procedures. Equipment Required The following equipment is required to check the performance of the AWG2021.
  • Page 460 The file data includes not only waveform data, but also output parameters. When you select a file with the Waveform Sequence item, the AWG2021 output parameters change to those specified in the file, and the waveform output reflects waveform data in the file.
  • Page 461 (CH2) 1000 1 MHz Through Î Î Î CLK_FREQ.WFM 1000 250 MHz Normal Through Clock Frequency Î Î Î Accuracy Î Î Î CLK_AMPL.WFM 1000 1 MHz Normal Through Clock Î Î Î Amplitude Î Î Î AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 462 Level Accuracy Î Î Î Î EXT_CLK.WFM 1000 External Through External Clock Î Î Î Î Clock Î Î Î Î DIGI_OUT.WFM 4096 1 MHz Normal Through ECL and TTL DIGITAL DATA OUT Check (Option 03 and AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 463 C 5. 1. Install the test hookup and set test equipment controls: a. Hook up the oscilloscope: Connect the AWG2021 CH1 output connector through the coaxial cable to the CH1 vertical input connector on the oscilloscope (see Figure C-3).
  • Page 464 H Push ENTER to select the file. This button is located to the lower-right of the numeric keypad. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on.
  • Page 465 ..... . . Output ......C 12 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 466 H Highlight the MODE.WFM file using the general purpose knob. H Push ENTER to select the file. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on. 4. Check triggered mode with manual triggering: Push the AWG2021 MANUAL TRIGGER button and check that when the button is pushed, the oscilloscope displays a one-cycle sine wave.
  • Page 467 The AWG2021 meets the prerequisites listed on page C 5. 1. Install test hookup and set test equipment controls: a. Hook up the oscilloscope: Connect the AWG2021 CH1 output connector through the coaxial cable to the CH1 vertical input connector on the oscilloscope (see Figure C-5).
  • Page 468 H Turn the general purpose knob to highlight the MODE.WFM file. H Push ENTER to select the file. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on.
  • Page 469 ..... . 2.0 V Output ......C 16 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 470 H Highlight the MODE.WFM file, using the general purpose knob. H Push ENTER to select the file. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on. 4. Check gated mode with manual trigger: Push and hold the AWG2021 MANUAL TRIGGER button, and check that the oscilloscope continuously displays a sine wave while the MANUAL TRIGGER button is pushed.
  • Page 471 Ch 2 Gate Signal Figure C 7: Waveform Output Signal with Positive Gate Signal c. Change the AWG2021 trigger polarity to negative: Push MODE!Po- larity to change the polarity to Negative. d. Check gated mode with a negative gate signal: Check the oscilloscope displays a sinewave when the gate signal is low.
  • Page 472 Equipment Required A 50 W coaxial cable and an oscilloscope. Prerequisites The AWG2021 meets the prerequisites listed on page C 5. 1. Install test hookup and set test equipment controls: Hook up the oscilloscope: Connect the AWG2021 CH1 output connector through the coaxial cable to the CH1 vertical input connector on the oscilloscope (see Figure C-9).
  • Page 473 H Highlight the MODE_ADV.SEQ file using the general purpose knob. H Push ENTER to select the file. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on. 4. Check waveform advance: Repeatedly push the AWG2021 MANUAL TRIGGER button, and check that the oscilloscope displays a continuous sine wave that switches between two frequencies at each manual trigger.
  • Page 474 ..... . . Normal 2. Set the AWG2021 controls and select the waveform file: a. Initialize AWG2021 controls: Push UTILITY!Misc!Config...!Re- set to Factory!O.K.
  • Page 475: Operation

    Appendix C: Performance Verification H Select Start within the Sync frame at the bottom menu. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: If the LED above the CH1 output connector is not on, push the CH1 button. 4. Check autostep mode: Push the AWG2021 MANUAL TRIGGER button,...
  • Page 476 ......2. Set the AWG2021 controls and select the waveform file: a. Initialize AWG2021 controls: Push UTILITY!Misc!Config...!Re- set to Factory!O.K.
  • Page 477 H Turn the general purpose knob to highlight the OPE.AST file. H Push ENTER. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: If the LED above the CH1 output connector is not on, push the CH1 button. 4. Enable the function generator output: Turn on the function generator output.
  • Page 478 H Set the function generator offset value to –1 V. Check that the DMM voltage reading is in the range from –0.125 to 0.125 V (0% modulation). 6. End procedure: Keep the test connections and instrument settings for the next check. C 25 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 479 Two 50 W coaxial cables, a function generator, and a digital multimeter (DMM). Prerequisites The AWG2021 meets the prerequisites listed on page C 5. It also requires Option 02 (CH2 output channel) in the AWG2021. 1. Use test hookup and control settings from previous check.
  • Page 480 Disable function generator output: Turn the function generator output off. b. Remove equipment: Disconnect connections to the test equipment. Clock Frequency and Amplitude Checks These procedures check the accuracy of the AWG2021 clock frequency and the waveform output amplitude. Check Clock Frequency Electrical Clock Generator, Accuracy, on page B 6.
  • Page 481 ..... FREQ A 2. Set AWG2021 controls and select the waveform: a. Initialize AWG2021 controls: Push UTILITY!Misc!Config...!Re- set to Factory!O.K.
  • Page 482 A 50 W coaxial cable, an SMA BNC adapter, and an oscilloscope. Prerequisites The AWG2021 meets the prerequisites listed on page C 5. 1. Install test hookup and set test equipment controls: a. Hook up oscilloscope: Connect the AWG2021 rear-panel CLOCK OUT connector through a coaxial cable and SMA-BNC adapter to the oscilloscope CH1 vertical input (see Figure C-14).
  • Page 483 ..... . . Auto 2. Set the AWG2021 controls and select the waveform file: a. Initialize AWG2021 controls: Push UTILITY!Misc!Config...!Re- set to Factory!O.K.
  • Page 484 The AWG2021 meets the prerequisites listed on page C 5. 1. Install test hookup and set controls: a. Hook up DMM: Connect the AWG2021 CH1 output through a 50 W coaxial cable, a 50 W terminator and a dual banana connector to the DMM INPUT connector (see Figure C-15).
  • Page 485 STOP button to return to Step 1. H Note the DMM reading as “A” for this value. H Push the AWG2021 MANUAL TRIGGER button, and check that the displayed step is Step 2. H Note the DMM reading as “B” for this value.
  • Page 486 H Check that the DMM voltage reading is in the range from –2.470 V to –2.530 V. 3. Check Option 02: If the AWG2021 has Option 02, repeat the Gain Accuracy and Offset Accuracy Checks for the AWG2021 channel 2 (CH2).
  • Page 487 Appendix C: Performance Verification Pulse Response Check This procedure checks the pulse response characteristics of the AWG2021 output waveforms at amplitudes of 0.5 and 1 V. Electrical Main Outputs, Pulse Response, on page B 7. Characteristic Checked Equipment Required A 50 W coaxial cable and an oscilloscope.
  • Page 488 H Turn the general purpose knob to select the PULSE.WFM file. H Push ENTER. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on. 4. Check pulse response at 0.5 V amplitude: a.
  • Page 489 ......4.2 ns, maximum 6. Check pulse response for CH2 (Option 02): If the AWG2021 has a second channel, repeat this Pulse Response Check procedure using the AWG2021 CH2 output and selecting the waveform and setting controls for CH2.
  • Page 490 1.2 V or greater. b. Check CH1 MARKER 1 Out pulse amplitude: H Move the coaxial cable from the AWG2021 CH1 SYNC Out connector to the CH1 MARKER 1 connector. H Change the oscilloscope sweep to 5 ms/div.
  • Page 491 H Check that the pulse amplitude of the displayed waveform is from 2.250 V to 2.625 V 5. Check Option 02: If the AWG2021 has a second channel, repeat this entire test, selecting the AWG2021 waveform and setting controls for CH2 and checking:...
  • Page 492 ..... . . 0.6 V Output ......C 39 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 493 H Turn the general purpose knob to highlight the TRG_IN.WFM file. H Push ENTER. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on. 4. Check external trigger high level: a.
  • Page 494 6. End procedure: Turn off the function generator output and disconnect the function generator. External CLOCK IN Check This procedure checks the AWG2021 response to an external CLOCK IN signal. Electrical Auxiliary Inputs, Clock, Threshold level, on page B 9.
  • Page 495 ..... . . 0.6 V Output ......C 42 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 496 H Turn the general purpose knob to highlight the EXT_CLK.WFM file. H Push ENTER. 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on. 4. Check the external CLOCK IN threshold level: a.
  • Page 497 Appendix C: Performance Verification 1. Install test hookup and set test equipment controls: a. Hook up termination board: Connect the AWG2021 rear ECL digital data output through a digital data output cable to the termination board (see Figure C-20). b. Hook up power supply: Connect the power supply output through the test leads to the GND TP100 and –2VD TP120 terminals on the...
  • Page 498 H Push ENTER to select the file. c. Set AWG2021 controls: H Push MODE!Cont 3. Turn on the AWG2021 CH1 output: Push the CH1 button so that the LED above the CH1 output connector is on. 4. Check the digital data output signals: a.
  • Page 499 Figure C 21: Output Pins on the Termination Board 5. Turn off equipment output and disconnect test hookup: a. Disable power supply output: Turn off power supply output. b. Remove connections: Disconnect all connections to the AWG2021. C 46 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 500 Appendix C: Performance Verification TTL DIGITAL DATA OUT Check (Option 04) This procedure checks the AWG2021 TTL DIGITAL DATA OUT at the rear panel. NOTE. This check requires that the AWG2021 has Option 04 installed. Electrical Auxiliary Output, TTL DIGITAL DATA OUT, Level, on page B 8.
  • Page 501 ..... . . Auto 2. Create the AWG2021 waveform file, select waveform file, and set AWG2021 controls: a. Initialize AWG2021 controls: Push UTILITY!Misc!Config...!Re- set to Factory!O.K.
  • Page 502 Repeat the step2 and 3 to check the CH2 digital data output signals. 5. Turn off equipment output and disconnect test hookup: a. Disable power supply output: Turn off power supply output. b. Remove connections: Disconnect all connections to the AWG2021. C 49 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 503 Run the AWG2021 internal diagnostics: Push the AWG2021 ON/STBY switch two times so that the AWG2021 runs the power-on diagnostics. b. Check the FPP test results: When the AWG2021 finishes the FPP test, check that the test result is Pass.
  • Page 504: Appendix D: Sample Waveform Library

    11. Damped Sine Wave DMP_SIN.EQU D 14 DMP_SIN.WFM 12. Pulse Width Modulation PWM.WFM D 15 13. Pseudo Random Pulse PRBS_15.WFM D 16 14. π/4 DQPSK I Axis Signal DQPSKI.WFM D 17 15. π/4 DQPSK Q Axis Signal DQPSKQ.WFM D 17 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 505 Multiburst signal $M-BURST.SEQ Modulated Ramp signal $RAMP.SEQ Sweep signal (1  10 MHz) $SWEEP10.SEQ SMPTE Color Bar signal $SMPTE.SEQ IYQB signal $IYQB.SEQ Reversed Blue Bar signal $RBLU.SEQ 10. Color Bar + Reversed Blue Bar + IYQB $MIX.SEQ signal AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 506 Others were created in the SETUP waveform editor. To output a waveform file, select the file in the menu. Gaussian Pulse Made with the equation editor. (GAUSS_P.WFM) Figure D 1: Gaussian Pulse Formula and Waveform AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 507 . This shows that this signal has a Gaussian form in the frequency domain as well. <Example> When t is 1 ms, the bandwidth will be 31.2 kHz. Settings Waveform points: 256 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 2.56 ms AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 508 When the pulse width is taken to be t , the waveform can be expressed by the following formula: V(t) + 1 ) 2 t w50 Settings Waveform points: 256 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 2.56 ms AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 509 This is the impulse response for the ideal low pass filter for the frequency bandwidth f. At least 326 periods are required in order to use a vertical resolution of 12 bits. Settings Waveform points: 4000 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 40 ms AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 510 The pulse width and peak location are set with range (). The value for x is a value between 0 and 1 for range (a,b). Settings Waveform points: 1000 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 10 ms AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 511 When the time constants for charging and discharging are taken to be τ and τ , respectively, the waveform can be expressed by the following formula: V(t) + exp Settings Waveform points: 10000 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 100 ms AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 512 Here T is the data period and a is a value between 0 and 1. A wider band is required for values closer to 1, where ripple is reduced and implementation is easier. Settings Waveform points: 1000 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 10 ms AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 513: Linear Frequency Sweep

    To assure that the phases match when this waveform is iterated, the sweep period is set to be close to an integer multiple of the reciprocal of the average frequency Settings Waveform points: 16000 Clock frequency: 10 MHz Output time: 1.6 ms D 10 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 514 To assure that the phases match when this waveform is iterated, the sweep period is set to be close to an integer multiple of the reciprocal of the average frequency Settings Waveform points: 22000 Clock frequency: 20 MHz Output time: 0.22 ms D 11 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 515: Amplitude Modulation

    This example shows a double sideband (DSB) amplitude modulated waveform with a modulation degree of 0.5. The modulating signal is a cosine wave. Settings Waveform points: 20000 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 200 ms D 12 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 516 To assure that the phases match when this waveform is iterated, the carrier frequency times the modulating signal period is set to be an integer. The modulation index is given by k2/k0. Settings Waveform points: 2000 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 20 ms D 13 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 517 This is an attenuated amplitude waveform with a resonance frequency of 1 MHz (L=2 mH, C=12.66 pF) and a damping time constant of 6 ms. Settings Waveform points: 4000 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 40 ms D 14 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 518: Pulse Width Modulation

    The waveform editor is used to create a ramp wave of 2000 periods and a sine wave of 1 period, and these two waveforms are compared to create the PWM.WFM waveform. Settings Waveform points: 16000 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 160 ms D 15 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 519 Expand SEQ into WFM function of the waveform editor. Then you enable to output this waveform repeatly. Settings Waveform points: 32767 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 655.34 ms D 16 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 520 Appendix D: Sample Waveform Library π/4 DQPSK I Axis Signal The base band I-axis output for a digital cellular car telephone system is created (DQPSKI.WFM) on the Tektronix digital signal processing work system (DSPW). Bit rate 42 Kbps Point number...
  • Page 521 This is the waveform for reading stored data written with MDSK_WR.WFM. This is a waveform created assuming a Gaussian pulse (GAUSS_P.WFM) with a system impulse response. Settings Waveform points: 768 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 7.68 ms D 18 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 522 Pattern length = 32 Points/step = 8 The encoding is NRZI A signal with the same pattern is set for the MARKER1 as well. Settings Waveform points: 512 Clock frequency: 100 MHz Output time: 5.12 ms D 19 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 523 $SMPTE.SEQ ( 8) IYQB signal $IYQB.SEQ ( 9) Reversed Blue Bar signal $RBLU.SEQ (10) Color Bar + Reversed Blue Bar + IYQB signal $MIX.SEQ NTSC Figure D-18 through Figure D-26 shows the composite video signal. D 20 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 524 (chroma signal) have been created separately, so if these are output separately to channel 1 and channel 2 they will become Y-C separate signals; when these are combined and output, they become a composite signal. A 50 W/75 W conversion adaptor is required for 75 W output. D 21 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 525 Appendix D: Sample Waveform Library Luminance Signal Chroma Signal Figure D 19: NTSC Y C separate signals Figure D 20: Multiburst Signal ($M-BURST.SEQ) D 22 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 526 Appendix D: Sample Waveform Library Figure D 21: Modulated Ramp Signal ($RAMP.SEQ) Figure D 22: Sweep Signal ($SWEEP.SEQ) D 23 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 527 Appendix D: Sample Waveform Library Figure D 23: SMPTE Color Bar Signal ($SMPTE.SEQ) Figure D 24: IYQB Signal ($IYQB.SEQ) D 24 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 528 Figure D-26 shows that the Color Bar signal, IYQB signal and Reversed Blue Bar signal are sequenced at the rate of 2:3:4 respectively. Figure D 26: Color Bar + IYQB signal + Reversed Blue Bar ($MIX.SEQ) D 25 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 529 Appendix D: Sample Waveform Library D 26 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 530: Appendix E: Functional Operation Summary

    Appendix E: Functional Operation Summary Introduction This summary shows the AWG2021 functional block diagrams, explains each block, and gives some operating precautions which are of practical value in understanding the fundamental operating concepts of the instrument. For convenience, some functional block diagrams show the configuration with a second channel installed (Option 02).
  • Page 531: Block Diagram

    Î Î Î Signal Î Î Î Î Î Output Waveform Î Î Î Î Î Memory Î Î Î Î Î Output Î Î Î Î Î MARKER1 OUT MARKER2 OUT Figure E 1: Block Diagram (1) AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 532 Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Output Î Î Î Î Î Î Output Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Preamplifier Offset Figure E 2: Block Diagram (2) AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 533: Clock Oscillator

    Figure E 3: Clock Oscillator Configuration Trigger Control This block controls the AWG2021 MODE menu operating (output) mode. First, select the clock source. Normally, the clock oscillator output is used. NOTE. The external clock input and output are used when more than 2 channels must be synchronized with the clock.
  • Page 534 When Sync in the MODE menu is set to Start, a pulse is output at the SYNC output when the trigger is generated. This pulse is used as the trigger for the slave AWG2021. In this case, if there is no external trigger source, manual triggers may be used.
  • Page 535 STOP item. H Output synchronized with the clock. Connect the clock output of the master AWG2021 to the clock input of the slave AWG2021 with a 50 W cable and set the slave’s clock source to External.
  • Page 536 If the clock delay due to the cable is a problem, use another clock source and connect a cable from the clock source to the both AWG2021 clock inputs. Make the cables the same length. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 537 Figure E-8 shows the configuration of a clock divider. n/256 n/256 n/256 n = 2  256 Figure E 8: Clock Divider Configuration AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 538 When the burst count is set, that value is set in the burst counter and output the required number of times. Figure E-9 shows the relationship between sequence memory and waveform memory. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 539 Since the waveform memory must be read out at high speed (250 MS/s), it is partitioned into 8 banks and read out with 8:1 multiplexing (parallel-serial conversion). Therefore, the memory itself operates with a clock. Figure E-10 shows the waveform memory configuration. E 10 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 540 For example, when outputting triangular waveforms, about 8000 points are needed to minimize the jaggedness of the waveform. That is why the AWG2021 uses a DAC with a resolution of about 4000 (12 bits) for the vertical amplitude.
  • Page 541 In order to eliminate overshoot and ringing, the filters in the AWG2021 have Bessel characteristics with relatively gentle shoulder characteristics. That is why more points are required.
  • Page 542 When this block is selected, the following two AM modes can be used. External AM Mode. AM modulation is applied to the CH1 signal from the rear panel BNC connector. Table E-2 shows the output signal amplitude for external modulation signals. E 13 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 543 CH1 signal is inverted. The value calculated with 5 V set as 100% is displayed at the bottom right of the SETUP menu CRT screen. CH2 : OFF Upper : 100.00% 50 W Lower : 0.00% E 14 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 544 When high frequencies are necessary or when high precisionis required, use the editor. It can handle simple addition of waveforms. Filter The AWG2021 has four low-pass filters, 1 MHz, 5 MHz, 20 MHz, and 50 MHz. They are all Bessel characteristic filters and have soft shoulder characteristics to E 15...
  • Page 545 Table E-3 shows the delay relative to the sync signals caused by the filters. Table E 3: Filter Timer Delay Relative to SYNC Signals Filter Delay 1 MHz 400 ns 5 MHz 88 ns E 16 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 546 This block comprises two –3 dB attenuators, one –10 dB attenuator, and one –20 dB attenuator. Including the amount that the DAC reference voltage can be changed, a total of 40 dB of attenuation is possible. Figure E-16 shows the attenuator configuration. E 17 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 547 This makes it possible to simulate a waveform that has a large offset voltage with an extremely small signal. Figure E-17 shows the offset circuit. 100 mA Output Impedance Figure E 17: Offset Circuit E 18 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 548: Appendix F: Miscellaneous

    H Logical operation H Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) H Repackaging for shipment H Factory settings Horizontal Axis Scaling The horizontal axis scaling uses linear interpolation. Points before conversion Points after conversion f(x) Figure F 1: Linear Interpolation AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 549 Example 1: 5 points padded to 9 points. Points before conversion Points after conversion Figure F 2: Point Padding Example 2: Reducing from 9 points to 6 Points before conversion Points after conversion Figure F 3: Point Compression AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 550: Sampling Theorem

    {f (x )–f (x ) [ n i–1 f (x Here, n is the number of waveform points and i is an integer in the range, i = 1, 2, ..., n. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 551 The values at the first and last points are obtained not from the center deviation, but from the following equations: First point ) ) 4f (x n{–3f (x )–f (x f (x Last point ) ) 3f (x n{f (x )–4f (x n–2 n–1 f (x AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 552 (x)dx [ 1 2{f (x ) ) 2f (x ) ) 2f (x ) ) AAA ) 2f (x ) ) f (x n–1 However, the imaginary initial value f(x ) always takes a value of 0. AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 553 Gaussian distribution random number. The following algorithm is used to generate uniform distribution random numbers: seed [n] + (253.0 seed [n–1] ) 1.0) mod 16777216 ran + seed [n] 16777216 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 554 Appendix F: Miscellaneous Pattern Codes On the AWG2021, it is possible to select the coding system used when pattern strings are output. If the code will be affected by the immediately preceding data, the data item just before the first item of data will be calculated as 0. The following tables show the coding systems.
  • Page 555 Here the output data is inverted every time when 1 appears in the codes. Code Pattern Conversion (0)0 (1)0 Example Input Code Conversion Output H BI-PHASE: Each pattern is made up of 2 data items. Pattern Output Data Example Input Output AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 556 1 appears in the codes. Code Pattern Conversion 0001 x00000 0010 x00001 0011 010001 0000 010000 Example Input 0010 0011 0001 0011 0000 Code 000001 010001 000000 010001 010000 Conversion Output 000001 000001 000000 011110 011111 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 557 Code selection menu, the following pattern systems can be created by setting the values for Source Data Pattern, Converted Code, Initial Src, Initial Code and Out[1/0]. Initial Src Initial Code Out[1/0] High/Low Source Data Pattern Converted Code F 10 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 558 NRZ1 Initial Src Initial Code Out[1/0] Invert/Keep Source Data Pattern Converted Code Initial Src Initial Code Out[1/0] High/Low Source Data Pattern Converted Code BIPHASE Initial Src Initial Code Out[1/0] High/Low Source Data Pattern Converted Code F 11 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 559 Converted Code f/2f Initial Src Initial Code Out[1/0] Invert/Keep Source Data Pattern Converted Code 1-7 RLL Initial Src Initial Code Out[1/0] Invert/Keep Source Data Pattern Converted Code 0010 200001 0001 200000 0011 010001 0000 010000 F 12 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 560: Logical Operation

    In the waveform editor timing display, it is possible to perform logical operations for data on different data lines. The following logical tables and timing charts show examples of each type of operations. H AND DATA A DATA B A * B F 13 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 561 Appendix F: Miscellaneous H NAND DATA A DATA B A * B H OR DATA A DATA B A + B F 14 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 562 Appendix F: Miscellaneous H NOR DATA A DATA B A + B H EX-OR DATA A DATA B F 15 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 563 2. Nyquist Frequency and Aliasing FFT transforms the sampled data on the time axis into data on the discrete frequency axis from 0 Hz to the maximum permitted frequency. The F 16 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 564 The phase is the quantitative displacement from the standard time. The cos(2 π ft) has a 0 phase, but sin(2 π ft) has a 90 degree delay. The standard time is the Phase and Delay sampling start time. F 17 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 565 The transmission amount for the side lobes neighboring this center lobe determines the amount of leakage. Leakage is the spread of energy from a certain frequency component for the displayed frequency spectrum. Frequency components with small magnitudes are covered overall by leakage. F 18 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 566 The window functions are effective for investigating the frequency components of the acquired waveform, but the waveform after the window function is applied differs from the original waveform. F 19 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 567 This window function has superior magnitude precision and leakage elimination characteristics. 3 dB Bandwidth 0 dB 1.44 Highest Side Lobe -32 dB Window Function Freq. Magnitude Figure F 9: Hanning Window and Frequency Characteristic F 20 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 568 (and therefore, lowest leakage). This window is particularly suited for observing wide range frequency spectra. 0 dB 3 dB Bandwidth 1.66 Highest Side Lobe -100 -92 dB -110 Window Function Freq. Magnitude Figure F 11: Blackman Harris Window and Frequency Characteristic F 21 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 569 Therefore, the triangle wave window frequency spectrum is the product of the square wave windows. 0 dB 3 dB Bandwidth 1.28 Highest Side Lobe -27 dB Window Function Freq. Magnitude Figure F 13: Triangle Window and Frequency Characteristic F 22 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 570: Repackaging For Shipment

    275 pounds. 2. If the instrument is being shipped to a Tektronix Service Center for repair or calibration, attach a tag to the instrument showing the following: owner of...
  • Page 571: Factory Settings

    Auto Load UTILITY Menu Misc Display... Brightness Misc Display... Catalog Order Name1 Misc Display... Data Time Misc Hardcopy... Format Misc Hardcopy... Port Disk Diag/Cal Diagnostics Diag/Cal Calibrations FG Menu Function waveform Selection Sine Frequency 2.500 MHz F 24 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 572 FG Menu Amplitude 1.000 V Offset 0.000 V Polarity Normal Pulse Duty The following UTILITY menu settings are not affected by Reset to Factory. Remote Port GPIB Address GPIB operating mode Setting the RS-232-C parameters Date/Time F 25 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 573 Appendix F: Miscellaneous F 26 AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 574: Appendix G: Inspection And Cleaning

    Carrying handle and cabinet feet Correct operation Replace defective module Accessories Missing items or parts of items, bent pins, Replace damaged or missing items, frayed broken or frayed cables, and damaged cables, and defective modules connectors AWG2021 User Manual...
  • Page 575 Do not use abrasive cleaners. 3. Clean the monitor screen with a lint-free cloth dampened with either ethyl alcohol or, preferably, a gentle, general purpose detergent-and-water solution. Lubrication. There is no periodic lubrication required for this instrument. AWG2021 User Manual...