Engine Components - Belarus 80.1 Operation Manual

3.1.1.2 Engine components

In accordance with figure 3.1.1 the engine consists of the block of cylinders, cylinder
head, crank-and-rod mechanism, valve timing mechanism, as well as components and as-
semblies of the power supply, lubrication, cooling, start systems and electrical equipment.
1 – oil pump; 2 – fan; 3 – water pump; 4 – piston pin; 5 – connecting rod; 6 – cap;
7 – piston; 8 – cylinder liner; 9 – cylinder head cover; 10 – cylinder head; 11 – block of cyl-
inders; 12 – flywheel; 13 – counterbalance; 14 – crankshaft; 15 – oil receiver.
Figure 3.1.1 - Engine Д-243/243С (longitudinal cross section).
The cylinder head 10 (figure 3.1.1) is an iron casting, in the internal cavities of which
there are inlet and outlet channels, closed by valves. To ensure heat dissipation, the cylin-
der head has internal cavities in which coolant circulates. Racks, the axis of the rocker arm
with rocker arms, the head cover, intake manifold and cap 6 of cover 9, which covers the
valve mechanism, are mounted on top of the cylinder head. On the fuel pump side, four
nozzles and four heating plugs are mounted in the head, and on the alternator side an ex-
haust manifold is attached to the head. To seal the split between the head and the cylinder
block, a gasket made of asbestos or asbestos-free cloth reinforced with perforated steel
sheet is mounted. The holes for the cylinder liner and the oil channel are edged with steel
shells.
Block of cylinders 11 is the main body part of the engine and is a hard iron casting. In
the vertical bores of the block four removable liners 8 are mounted. The liner is mounted in the
cylinder block along the two centering bands: upper and lower. In the upper band, the liner is
secured with a collar, in the lower band it is sealed with two rubber rings located in the grooves
of the cylinder block. Between the cylinder block walls and the liners coolant circulates. End
walls and transverse walls of the cylinder block have ribs designed to form crankshaft supports.
Covers are mounted on these ribs. Ribs together with covers form bedplates for the main bear-
ings. Bedplates for the main bearing liners are bored with a single setting in assembly with the
main bearing covers. Swapping of covers is not allowed.
90
80-0000010B OM