Belarus 510 Operating Manual
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Belarus 510 Operating Manual

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BELARUS
510/512
510-0000010 РЭ
OPERATING MANUAL
2009

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Summary of Contents for Belarus 510

  • Page 1 BELARUS 510/512 510-0000010 РЭ OPERATING MANUAL 2009...
  • Page 2 Operating manual This Operation and Service Manual contains a brief description and specifications of Belarus 510/512 tractors manufactured at the Minsk Tractor Works. Basic rules of machine operation are presented, as well as information on adjustments and technical servicing of tractor units and assemblies, are given.
  • Page 3 TO OPERATOR’S ATTENTION! 1. Before you start operating the tractor, carefully read this Manual and strictly follow all instructions herein. 2. Use the climatic diesel fuel according to the Manual. Reduce the motor oil changeover intervals by half, if the sulfur content in the fuel is below 1%. 3.
  • Page 4 This Manual contains a description of the design features, brief technical data and recommendations for operation and maintenance of the BELARUS 510/512 tractors: BELARUS-510/512 (4×2) and (4×4) with a 244 diesel engine (41.9 kW at 1700 rpm), a 9F/2R manual gearbox.
  • Page 5 Introduction Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Abbreviations and designations — storage battery — differential lock — pre-heater control unit — upper dead center of engine piston — power take-off shaft — hydraulic list linkage — hydrostatic steering unit LOHE — liquid-oil heat exchanger —...
  • Page 6 Introduction Belarus-510/512 Operating manual International symbols The manufacturer uses standard international symbols concerning application of the devices and controls. Below are given the symbols with their respective meanings. — see Manual — controls manipulations — brake — forward — park brake —...
  • Page 7 Introduction Belarus-510/512 Operating manual — “lift” position of the distributor — rear window wiper slide valve — “drop” position of the — tractor trailer turn signal distributor slide valve — “float” position of the — HSU oil pressure distributor slide valve —...
  • Page 8 Section A. Safety precautions Belarus- 510/512 —Operating manual • Before you start movement, horn to Section A. Safety precautions warn other persons and persons working on the towed machines. • Do not leave the tractor in motion. Strict observance of the safety precautions •...
  • Page 9 Section A. Safety precautions Belarus- 510/512 —Operating manual − check the condition of light and sound signal equipment; • Before lifting and lowering an agri- − transportation trailers must have a cultural implement, as well as when mak- solid connection and, in addition, con- ing turns, make sure that there is no nect a safety chain or rope;...
  • Page 10 Section A. Safety precautions Belarus- 510/512 —Operating manual equipment, in good condition to ensure your safety and that of the surrounding people. • Do not clean up, adjust or service the equipment driven from the PTO with • Do not modify the tractor or any of the diesel engine running.
  • Page 11 Section A. Safety precautions Belarus- 510/512 —Operating manual • Do not allow straw to be taken up by rotating parts of the machines at- tached to the tractor. • When rinsing parts and assem- blies with kerosene or gasoline, take precautions to exclude ignition of vapors of the rinsing fluid.
  • Page 12 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Section B. SPECIFICATIONS Weight and Overall Dimensions Name A Length, mm: total (with counterweights): 4,120 4,120 without counterweights 3,840 3,930 by wheels 3,650 3,740 Width, mm 1,970 1,970 Height by cab, mm 2,780 2,800...
  • Page 13 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual The serial number of the tractor is duplicated on the front part of the right half-frame side member (or on the right plate of the front counterweights). Diesel engine serial No. (duplicated on the manufacturer’s nameplate of the engine at-...
  • Page 14 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Transmission number (on the rear axle housing from behind). Front driving axle number (on the front part).

  • Page 15: Diesel Engine

    Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Diesel engine Engine model -244 Type four-stroke, in-line, naturally aspirated Number of cylinders Mixing method Direct injection Compression (calculated) Cylinder bore, mm ( " ) 110 (4.32) Stroke, mm ( " ) 125 (4.92) Cylinder displacement, l (cu.

  • Page 16: Engine Cooling System

    Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Maximum working pressure in system: Engine lubrication system 9.0 ± 0.05 MPa. Type: combined with oil radiator. Oil grades: Minimum oil pressure: - –40° to +5° : M-8 M; M-8 0.08 MPa (0.8 kgf/cm²) at 600 rpm.
  • Page 17 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Gearbox Type: (standard) 9F/2R , mechanical. Gear and range shift pattern Rated speeds (km/h) of the BELARUS — 510/512 tractors Rated engine 1,700 R k, m 0.75 I zm 18.1346 speed, rpm No. of No.
  • Page 18 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Fig. 1. Gearbox of BELARUS-510/512 tractor (9F/2R) 1 — drive pinion of 4th and 5th gears; 2 — fork of 4th and 5th gears; 3 — forks housing; 4 — fork of 3rd and 6th gears; 5 — drive pinion of 3rd and 6th gears; 6 — output shaft with driven pinion of Ist stage of range reducer;...
  • Page 19 Besides, the GB design provides driving the front drive axle (FDA) of the tractor and synchronous rear power take-off shaft (PTO). The BELARUS-50/52 tractors and their modifications have a mechanical fixed-ratio dual-range 9F/2R GB with a central position of the GB control lever, the design and opera-...
  • Page 20 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual 1.1 GB design The GB (Fig. 1 and 2) consists of the mechanical gears unit and GB control. 1.1.1 Mechanical gears unit The mechanical gears unit of the GB consists of the concentric input (31) and out-...
  • Page 21 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual At the rear part of the shaft (24) (Fig. 2), fixed on its splines, the driven pinion of hill- climbing gears and reverse gears (22) installed, which is constantly meshed with the smaller gear ring of the pinion (23) (Fig. 1) of the intermediate shaft (29).
  • Page 22 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual sensor (4). 1.2 GB operation The 9F/2R GB design provides 4 forward gears and one reverse gear, each of them can be engaged on the both range reducer stages, and one direct forward gear, at en- gagement of which the input (31) (Fig.
  • Page 23 (1) engages with the driven pinion of 5th and 8th gear (26). By the created mesh, power from the input shaft (31) is transferred to the GB intermediate shaft (29). Table 1 shows rated speeds of the BELARUS-510/512 tractor and its modifications at all GB gears.
  • Page 24 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Rear axle: 1 — housing; 2 — half-axle bearing (217); 3 — final drive driven pinion; 4 - half-axle tube; 5 — half-axle; 6 — half-axle bearing (217); 8 — cover; 9 — cup; 10 — expansion springs;...

  • Page 25: Rear Axle

    Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Independent drive: Rear axle: • 540 rpm at 1,630 rpm of engine; Synchronous drive: 3.4 revolutions per Main drive: a pair of bevel gears with cir- meter when rear tires 15.5 R38 are in- cle-arc tooth.
  • Page 26 Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual • instrument panel, number plate illumina- Wheels tion; Front: • emergency light. 9.00-20 (9.00R20) with a front axle, 11.2-20 (11.2R20) with PTO - 72, 1,000 rpm Rear: 15.5R38;...
  • Page 27 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Lower fuse block; trols Engine stop lever; 24. Starter switch; Fuel control lever; 25. Rear PTO control lever. Has two positions: Differential lock control knob;...
  • Page 28 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual IMPORTANT! Before you start operating the tractor, study the controls and instru- mentation and their functions. Instruments and switches Starter and instrument switch The switch (1) has four positions: • 0 — OFF;...
  • Page 29 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Autonomous instruments Coolant temperature indicator (1) The indicator (1) shows the engine coolant temperature in degrees. The scale has three zones: - operating: 80 to 100°C - green; - warning: 40 to 80°C - yellow;...
  • Page 30 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Fuses In the instrument panel, two electric circuit fuses are mounted. 12 fuses protect the following tractor circuits from overloads: 1 — turn indicators, 15 A; 2 — instrumentation power, 7.5 A;...
  • Page 31 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Electric equipment connectors A standard 7-pin socket is intended to connect consumers of current of a trans- portation machine or attached imple- ment. It is installed on the cab rear sup- port.
  • Page 32 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Gearbox control The gearbox is a 9/2 mechanical one. The lever (1) shifts the gears as per the shift pattern. Before engaging a gear, engage the required range (stage). IMPORTANT! Ranges and gears are engaged by the same lever (1), a range is en- gaged first (Ist or IInd).
  • Page 33 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Front drive axle control The control lever (1) has three fixed po- sitions: • FDA off — lowermost position. Use on transport when moving on hard sur- face roads; • FDA forcedly ON — uppermost posi- tion.
  • Page 34 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Hydraulic system pump control The control lever has two positions: • Pump ON — upper position; • Pump OFF — lower position. IMPORTANT! Turn on the pump only at the engine minimum idle speed. Turn off the pump for engine cold start or maintenance.
  • Page 35 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Compressor control The handle has two positions: • Compressor ON — when the han- dle is turned so that the arrow on the arm would be directed back- wards with respect to tractor mo- tion;...
  • Page 36 Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual The driver’s seat is one-lace, cushioned on a mechanical suspension with a hy- draulic shock-absorber, is fixed to the cab floow with four bolts. The seat can be adjusted by driver’s weight from 60 to 120 kg, within ±...
  • Page 37 Section D. Operating instructions Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Section D. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Running-in Tractor pre-operation When preparing a new tractor for opera- Your new tractor will work reliably and tion, depreserve it proceeding as fol- for long time, provided that running-in is...
  • Page 38 Section D. Operating instructions Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Starting engine Starting under normal condi- tions: IMPORTANT! Start the engine and check the Check the oil level in the en- instrument operation while sitting in the opera- gine crankcase and the coolant tor’s seat only.
  • Page 39 Section D. Operating instructions Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Starting at low temperatures (+4° normal conditions”. and below) Important! To avoid damage of the power gear, do not push or pull the tractor to start the engine by towing. Warning:...
  • Page 40 Section D. Operating instructions Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Getting tractor moving ATTENTION! When selecting the re- quired gear, use the gear shift pattern. To start the movement, proceed as fol- lows: • engage the required gear as per the gear shift pattern;...

  • Page 41: Stopping Tractor

    Section D. Operating instructions Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Stopping tractor Steering To stop the tractor: IMPORTANT! tractors • reduce the engine crankshaft speed; equipped with the hydrostatic steering • use the service brakes to stop the booster. If the engine is stopped, the tractor;...
  • Page 42 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Section E. UNITIZING Working equipment for attach- ing agricultural machines to the tractor (for tractors with power regulator) Rear three-point hitch linkage — to at- tach mounted and semi-mounted ma- chines such as plows, seeders, cultiva- tors, spraying machines etc.
  • Page 43 • length of suspension axis L (distance between the joints A and C) is 870 mm; • height of machine post is 510 mm; 610 885 or 805 • diameters of fingers for connection to the lower rod joints (1) is 28.7 mm;...
  • Page 44 475 mm when the tractor is shipped from the factory. During operation, the left brace length can be changed from 395 to 510 mm depend- ing on the tractor delivery set and kind of 425-520 attached machines and equipment.
  • Page 45 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Mounting machines to the tractor 1. When mounting machines to the tractor, first make sure that no one is present in the zone of mounting the machine. 2. Using the handle of the power regulator (if...
  • Page 46 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Attach machines (implements) to the trac- tor also using the automatic coupling connected to the hitch linkage of the tractor in three points (two rear joints of the lower rods and the rear joint of the upper rod).
  • Page 47 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Partial lock of telescopic rods ATTENTION! The telescopic rods must be installed only to the hole that is second from the bottom. To ensure the desired side movement of the machine, ex. plow, in the working posi- tion, adjust the rods as follows: •...
  • Page 48 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Inner rods (2) Used also to limit side oscillation of ma- chines both in the working and in transpor- tation positions. NOTE: The telescopic rods are installed only outside. Partial lock (for plowing)
  • Page 49 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Outer chain binders (2) Partial lock Ensure horizontal movement of the ma- chine in the working position by connect- ing the limit chains to the lower holes of the brackets (1) and adjusting the chain...
  • Page 50 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Additional suspension axles of lower rods of hitch mechanism When processing high-stalk crops, install the lower rods (3) to additional suspension axles. At that, to partially lock the machine in the working position, attach the limit chains (2) to the hole of the bracket (1) third from the bottom and to fully lock —...
  • Page 51 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Front counterweights. When working with heavy implements and tools, to preserve normal controlability of the tractor under conditions of significant unloading of the front axle, install addi- tional counterweights (1) (10 pcs. 20 kg each).
  • Page 52 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Control of hydraulic system and hitch linkage of tractor On tractors, the hitch linkage is controlled by the extreme right lever of the distribu- tor. Working with implements, use only the lift and floating positions of the lever.
  • Page 53 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual 3. Unscrew the six bolts (4), remove the lock plate (6) and remove the shank (5). 4. Install another shank into the spline hole and install the plate (6), screwing in the bolts (4) to a torque of 50 Nm.
  • Page 54 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual piece) is allowed only at a speed not ex- i) after detaching the machine from the ceeding 15 km/h without driving on public tractor do not leave the cardan drive roads and when performing agricultural joint on the PTO shank;...
  • Page 55 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Use of rear attachment with a tow gear installed on the tractor is strictly for- bidden! The trailers work at speeds determined by road conditions. With 2 -4-887 with 20 and 45 m³ bodies, operating at speeds up to 15 km/h is allowed, as they have lower stability.
  • Page 56 2. Don’t weld the disk or perform any other repairs with a tire inflated. To unmount and repair tires, contact a shop with specially trained personnel. Tires used on 510/512 tractors When FDA 72 is installed When front axle is installed...
  • Page 57 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Table of loads for tires used on 510/512 tractor Tire Load Speed Volume Allowable load, kgf (N) at pressure, MPa size index symbol of liq- filled 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.22 0.24 0.26...
  • Page 58 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Allowable changes in loads to tires of guide wheels and drive wheels depending on speed Table Speed, km/h Change in load, %, on tires of guide wheels with speed symbol A6, 30 km/h A8 (40 km/h) * For tires with ply rating of 6 and more, the inner pressure must be increased by 25%.
  • Page 59 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual capacity of a single tire by more than 1.7 time. Under normal conditions, set the minimum allowable pressure in tires for operation with trailed machines. When working with attached machines, set a higher tire pressure.
  • Page 60 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Liquid ballast Filling tires with liquid ballast is used only in case of weak grip of the wheels to the ground under unfavorable conditions (such as wetlands etc.). NOTE: Ballasting the front tires is not recommended as this worsens the tractor controllability.
  • Page 61 Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual Installing twin rear wheels Main Wheel Additional Wheel To improve the passing ability, the trac- 2700-2900 mm tors can be equipped with twin rear tyres tyres of 15.5R38 size of 15.5R38 size with use of additional 430 mm spacers.
  • Page 62 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Section F. Adjustments Adjusting front wheel track of steering booster without cylinder in steering linkage The front wheel track can be adjusted from 1,350 to 1,850 mm with 100 mm in- crements in case of symmetrical position of wheels and 50 in case of asymmetrical position.
  • Page 63 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual PTO with bevel gear speed reducers. Steering booster without cylinder in steering linkage The front wheel track is adjusted step- less by a screw mechanism located on the front axle sleeves in three ranges:...
  • Page 64 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Adjusting front wheel toe-in on trac- tors with steering booster Manufacturer sets the front wheel toe-in withing the range of 0 to 8 mm. Periodically after each 250 service hours as well as at each change of front wheel track check and as necessary adjust the wheel toe-in.
  • Page 65 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Adjusting rear wheel track 1. Jack-lift the tractor rear part to sepa- rate the wheels from the ground. Put a support under the tractor rear part to provide secure and safe tractor posi- tion;...
  • Page 66 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Adjusting power take-off shaft Adjusting rear PTO control mecha- 5. Fix the lever 11 in the neutral position in- nism troducing the bolt 10 (M10×60) to the hole on the lever 11 and the hole on the rear When assembled by the manufacturer, axle housing corresponding to it;...
  • Page 67 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Fig. 2 Rear PTO planetary gear: 1 - drive strike clutch; 2 – crown pinion shaft; 3 — nut; 4 — spider; 5 — sun pinion; 6 — planetary pinion; 7 — crown pinion; 8 — planetary pinion shaft; 9 — brake drum;10 — PTO shaft; 11, 13 —...
  • Page 68 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual availability of vacant spaces around it and IMPORTANT! In case of significant the levers connected with it. PTO slipping wear of brake bands, turn the eccentric means that the spring mechanism or the lev- axle by 180°...
  • Page 69 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual ADJUSTMENT OF RELEASE LEVER POSITION After installing the clutch onto the flywheel and removing the mounting bolts, adjust the position of the release levers 3 with the spe- cial mandrel 4 that is based on the inner di- ameter of the hub splines of the backing plate 5 resting against the hub end.
  • Page 70 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual the handle 4 and the cock 1 of the lock Adjust the safety coupling to transfer of a sensor, proceeding as follows: torque of 40 to 80 kgf•m (400 to 800 N•m). Adjust the coupling by tightening the nut 2 of the rear shaft shank of the intermediate sup- port to ensure transfer of the required torque.
  • Page 71 Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Adjusting tapered roller bearings of wheel guides of Belarus 510 tractors When adjusting bearings wheel guides, set the axial clearance of 0.08 to 0.20 mm. Check it after each 1,000 ser- vice hours. To do that, raise the wheel...
  • Page 72 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Section G. Maintenance KINDS OF MAINTENANCE OF THE TRACTORS Frequency or term of maintenance organ- Kind of maintenance ization in tractor service hours Maintenance during the tractor pre-operation: MS during the tractor preparation for...
  • Page 73 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Maintenance during the running-in: • clean the centrifugal oil filter; • check the level of and add as neces- • replace the filtering element of the hy- sary oil into the engine crankcase and draulic system;...
  • Page 74 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE TABLE Pos. Object of maintenance Check Clean Lubricatie Replace Adjust Drain Flush Note Shift-time maintenance (STM) after each 10 service hours Oil in engine Coolant Oil in hydraulic system tank Steering Maintenance No.
  • Page 75 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual End of Table Check Flush Note Object of maintenance Clean Lubricatie Replace Adjust Drain Front wheels (toe-in) Engine air cleaner Hydraulic system filter* Alternator Deposit of fuel fine filter Transmission oil Oil in the FDA housings...
  • Page 76 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual End of Table Lubri- Check Adjust Flush Note Object of maintenance Clean Replace Drain catie Maintenance after each 2,000 service hours Engine injectors Fuel pump. Injection lead angle Fuel pump. Adjustment at test bench...
  • Page 77 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Shift-time maintenance (STM) af- ter each 10 service hours or daily Operation 1. Oil level in engine crank- case. Stop the engine, wait for 15 minutes and check the oil level. The oil level must be between the upper and lower marks of the dipstick (3).
  • Page 78 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 3. Checking the oil level in the hydraulic system tank NOTE: Prior to checking the oil level, place the tractor on an even horizontal surface. Stop the engine and engage the parking brake.
  • Page 79 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Maintenance No. 1 (MS-1) after each 125 service hours Perform the previous actions plus as fol- lows: Operation 4. Oil level and condition in engine air cleaner tray Loosen the two nuts (1) and remove the tray (2) of the air cleaner (3).
  • Page 80 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 6. Draining sediment from fuel tanks and fuel coarse filter Open the drain plugs (1) of the fuel tanks (2) and the drain plug (3) of the filter and drain sediment until clean fuel appears.
  • Page 81 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 9. Air pressure in tires Check the tread condition and air pressure in the tires. If necessary, adjust the pressure ac- cording to the recommendations given in this Manual. Operation 10. Lubricating clutch...
  • Page 82 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual liably. Before you remove the plugs, clean electrolyte density in each cell jar. If adjacent surfaces. necessary, add distilled water. Check the electrolyte level. It must be Check that terminals (2) under the above the protective mesh by 12 to 15 jackets (A) and plugs (1) are clean.
  • Page 83 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 13*. Checking backlashes in steering rod joints After each 250 service hours, check the joints by shaking them by hand or rotat- ing the steering wheel. To adjust a steering rod joint, procede...
  • Page 84 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 14*. Adjusting free travel of clutch pedal IMPORTANT! A too long pedal travel will not allow to the clutch to be fully dis- engaged and will make the gear switch- ing difficult. Absence of a free pedal trav-...
  • Page 85 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Maintenance No. 2 (MS-2) after each 500 service hours Perform the previous MS actions plus as follows: Operation 15. Centrifugal oil filter of engine • Unscrew the nut (1) and remove the cap (2).
  • Page 86 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 16. Changing oil in engine • Warm up the diesel engine to the normal operating temperature (70°C min.). • Place the tractor on an even surface, stop the engine and engage the park- ing brake.
  • Page 87 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 17. Checking clearances be- tween valves and rockers NOTE: Check the clearances on a cold engine, first checking tightening of the cylinder head bolts. To perform the adjustment, proceed as follows: • remove the cylinder head cover cap and check the fastening of the rocker axle rests.
  • Page 88 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 18. Steering wheel play When the engine is running, the steering wheel play must not exceed 25°. If no so, check and eliminate plays in the joints of the hydraulic cylinders and the steering rod.
  • Page 89 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual To adjust the parking brake, install the tractor on an even surface, stop the en- gine, wedge the rear wheels from the front and behind, and proceed as follows: a) shift the parking brake control lever (1) to the front position (from your- self);...
  • Page 90 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 21. Checking air-tightness of air cleaner and inlet duct joints • Remove the monocyclone (1) and clean its inner surface. • Loosen the clamps (2), remove the bolt (4), release the clamp (3) and remove the air cleaner (5).
  • Page 91 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 22. Flushing hydraulic sys- tem oil filter NOTE: Subsequent flushings of the hydrualic system oil filter must be per- formed after each 1,000 service hours. • Unscrew the bolts (1) and remove the cover (2), take out the filter housing assembly (3).
  • Page 92 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 24. Draining sediment from fuel fine filter Drain sediment after each 250 service hours of the engine. Remove the plug 1 in the lower part of the fuel fine filter by 2 to 3 turns as per the figure and drain sediment until clean fuel free of water and dirt appears.
  • Page 93 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 26. Oil level in FDA housing. FDA with bevel reducing gears Check the oil level in the: 1. wheel reducing gears (lower bevel pairs); 2. main gear (front differential) hous- ing; 3. cardan drive intermediate support;...
  • Page 94 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 28. Flushing steering booster drain filter To flush the oil filter, proceed as follows: raise the facing; disconnect the oil ducts 7, 13 and 15, unscrew the bolts 5 fastening the cover 6 to the housing, remove the cov- er using two unmounting bolts.
  • Page 95 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Maintenance No. 3 (MS-3) after each 1,000 service hours Perform the previous MS actions plus the following operations: Operation 30. Tightening torque of engine head bolts NOTE! This operation must be only per- formed on a warmed up engine.
  • Page 96 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual 1 - filter 20-1117010; 2 – housing; 3 Operation 32. Replacing filtering ele- — holder; 4 — plug (to drain sediment); 5 ment of fuel fine filter — return line pipe; 6 — plug (to bleed air);...
  • Page 97 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 33. Alternator Remove the driving belt (1) from the alternator pulley (2). Check the easy rotation of the alternator rotor and presence of plays in the bear- ings. If there are any plays or jamming of the...
  • Page 98 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 34. Steering rod joints gearbox casing — rear axle casing; rear axle casing — RHL and HDC When the engine is running, turn the steering wheel in both direction to check free travel and plays in the joints (1) of the steering rod (4).
  • Page 99 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual nuts of the cardan shaft collars; support — clutch casing; nuts of the FDA casing wedges; fastening of the holders of the lifting casing of the cardan drive intermediate HDC and hydraulic lift.
  • Page 100 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual drain plugs. •Fill the casings with fresh transmission oil Ta -15 , T -15K, Tsp-10, TA -17 or their analogues to the level of lower edges of the filler openings. Operation 40. Changing oil in...
  • Page 101 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 41. Engine oil pre-filter • Loosen four clamps of connector sleeves and remove the filter from the oil line located in front of the engine oil radiator. IMPORTANT! Note the filter orientation in the oil line.
  • Page 102 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual To adjust the warm to sector mesh, kgf•m (20 N•m), unscrew it by 1/12 to 1/10 loosen the bolt 5, introduce a wrench to the turn to align the hole in the worm with the flange groove, turn the bushing clockwise cut for the nut splint and splint the nut.
  • Page 103 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Special maintenance After each 2,000 service hours. Operation 44. Checking engine injec- tors IMPORTANT! The injectors must be cleaned and adjusted in a dealer’s spe- cialized workshop. WARNING: Diesel fuel is injected under...
  • Page 104 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Operation 45. Fuel pump injection advance angle • check the cleanness of the radiator core. If necessary, wash the radiator Setup advance angle of the fuel pump in- and blow the core with compressed jection must be 19°...
  • Page 105 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual General maintenance Operation 48. Adjusting drain valve of centrifugal oil filter of engine If during the engine operation within the rated mode at normal temperature (80 to 100° C), the oil pressure has dropped be- low 0.1 MPa, stop the engine and cor-...
  • Page 106 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Tractor maintenance under special the engine crankcase, rear axle and FDA operation conditions as well as fastening of driving wheels. Check the air-tightness of engine cooling system radiator plug. When operating the tractor under special...

  • Page 107: Lubrication Table

    Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual LUBRICATION TABLE Units and points of lubri- Standard, name, brand and description of lubricating materials and liquids Amount of cation lubricating Lubricant at operation temperature Refill at opera- Greasing at points tion, l storing (up to From −40°C to...
  • Page 108 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Units and points of lubri- Standard, name, brand and description of lubricating materials and liquids cation Lubricant at operation temperature Refill at opera- Greasing at From −40°C to From +5°C to +50°C tion, l storing (up to +5°C...
  • Page 109 Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual Adjustment values of 4 and 4 -T fuel pumps for bench tests Table 1 Parameter name Unit -244 Geometric start of injection 3,3±0,1 Angle of fuel injection start by menisci of other sections relative to the deg.
  • Page 110 Section H. Troubleshooting Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Section H. TROUBLESHOOTING Table H-1 TROUBLE, EXTERNAL MANIFESTATION REMEDY ENGINE Engine does not start Air in the fuel system. Pump the system with manual priming pump. If necessary, eliminate air inflow. Faulty fuel pump.
  • Page 111 Section H. Troubleshooting Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Table H-1, continued TROUBLE, EXTERNAL MANIFESTATION REMEDY C. Blue fume is emitted from the exhaust pipe Ingress of oil into the combustion chamber as a re- Replace the worn-out parts of the cup-piston group.
  • Page 112 Section H. Troubleshooting Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Table H-1, continued TROUBLE, EXTERNAL MANIFESTATION REMEDY BRAKES Inefficient brakes (brakes do not hold) Misadjusted brake control. Adjust brake control. Brake disk linings are oiled or worn out. Eliminate oil leak. If necessary, replace disks.
  • Page 113 Section H. Troubleshooting Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Table H-1, continued TROUBLE, EXTERNAL MANIFESTATION REMEDY STEERING High force on steering wheel Oil foaming in booster system. a) insufficient oil in booster housing; Check oil level, add to the required level if neces- sary.
  • Page 114 Section H. Troubleshooting Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual Table H-1, continued TROUBLE, EXTERNAL MANIFESTATION REMEDY HYDRAULIC LIFT LINKAGE Hinge does not lift or its lifting capacity sharply re- 1. Low oil level in tank — add oil to level. duced.
  • Page 115 Section H. Troubleshooting Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual End of Table H-1 TROUBLE, EXTERNAL MANIFESTATION REMEDY ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT Low charge of storage battery Low level of controllable voltage. Replace the alternator voltage regulator. Slipping of the alternator driving belt. Adjust belt tension.
  • Page 116 Section J. Safety precautions Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Section H. TRANSPORTING TRACTOR AND TOWING IT tening the ropes by the eye nut (1), draw The tractors can be transported by rail- the hoisting device through the eye nut road transport, on trucks and their trailers,...
  • Page 117 Section J. Storing tractor Belarus 510/512 Operating manual Section J. STORING TRACTOR Damaged paint is restored by applying pain or protective grease. Store tractors as per recommendations of Paint as per GOST 6572-91. GOST 7751-85 indoors or under shed. In case of long-time storage of the tractors...
  • Page 118 Section J. Storing tractor Belarus 510/512 Operating manual filler neck, holes of the engine breathers and the air cleaner intake pipe, the re- spective holes remained after removal of the starter and other cavities through which atmospheric precipitate can ingress to the inner cavities of the units of the tractor.
  • Page 119 Section J. Storing tractor Belarus 510/512 Operating manual air pressure in the tires, reliability of seal- preservation), if no hood is available, pack- ing, condition of the rust-preventing coat- ing the engine into a plastic film casing. ings (availability of protective grease, in-...
  • Page 120 Section J. Storing tractor Belarus 510/512 Operating manual .The applied materials provide protec- 600125053.019-2004. When storing out- tion of the tractor and its parts for the doors, preserve the viewed surfaces with storage and transportation period during BELA-KOR grease of grade A as per TU a year.
  • Page 121 Section J. Storing tractor Belarus 510/512 Operating manual When carrying out preservation works, observe the personal hygiene rules, timely deliver the protective overalls to cleaning, do not wash them in emulsion, solvents, kerosene. By their impact on human or- ganism, the preservation materials are...
  • Page 122 Section K. Disposal of tractor Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Section K. DISPOSAL OF TRACTOR When disposing of the tractor after expiration of its service (operation) life, is neces- sary to: • discharge waste oil from the lubrication system of the diesel engine, rear axle hous- ing and wheel reducers, gearbox, front driving axle, reducers of front wheel final drives, hydraulic system oil tank and send it for recycling according to the established procedure;...
  • Page 123 Annex L. Belarus-510/512 Operating manual ANNEX L. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM List of parts of the electric circuit diagram Designation Description Qty. Note Coolant temperature indicator sensor Engine oil pressure sensor Fuel level indicator sensor 1, 2 Road headlight E3, 5...
  • Page 124 Annex L. Belarus-510/512 Operating manual Designation Description Qty. Note Tachometer/speedometer Engine oil pressure indicator Fuel level indicator Voltage indicator Engine coolant temperature indicator Battery disconnect switch Understeering multifunctional switch Starter and instrument switch Central light switch Start lock switch Fault signaling switch...
  • Page 125 Annex L. Belarus-510/512 Operating manual...

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