SECTION 14: STEERING
16.1.8 Alignment Specifications
Use static wheel alignment systems which work with angle measurements only, such as Josam or Hunter
systems.
NOTE
On Independent Front Suspension, caster on right wheel must be equal or greater than caster on left
wheel, with a maximum difference of 0.3°.
Minimum value
Non-
Load
converted
Right
camber
0.20°
Left
camber
0.20°
Right
caster
2.55°
Left
caster
2.55°
Total
toe
0.02°
Right camber
Left camber
Right caster
Left caster
Total toe-in
32
PA1621 Maintenance Manual All Series | Section revised June 2019
X3-45 VIP
INDEPENDENT FRONT SUSPENSION
Nominal value
Converted
Non-
converted
-0.20°
0.30°
-0.20°
0.30°
0.04°
0.04°
X3-45 Coaches
WITH INDEPENDENT FRONT SUSPENSION
Minimum value
0.0°
0.0°
2.35°
2.35°
0.04°
Converted
converted
0°
0°
2.8°
2.8°
0.06°
Nominal value
0.150°
0.150°
2.6°
2.6°
0.06°
Maximum value
Non-
Converted
0.50°
0.20°
0.50°
0.20°
3.05°
3.05°
0.06°
0.08°
Maximum value
0.30°
0.30°
2.85°
2.85°
0.08°