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M16C/62P Group (M16C/62P, M16C/62PT)
10.4 Power Control
Normal operation mode, wait mode and stop mode are provided as the power consumption control. All
mode states, except wait mode and stop mode, are called normal operation mode in this document.
10.4.1 Normal Operation Mode
Normal operation mode is further classified into seven modes.
In normal operation mode, because the CPU clock and the peripheral function clocks both are on, the
CPU and the peripheral functions are operating. Power control is exercised by controlling the CPU clock
frequency. The higher the CPU clock frequency, the greater the processing capability. The lower the
CPU clock frequency, the smaller the power consumption in the chip. If the unnecessary oscillator cir-
cuits are turned off, the power consumption is further reduced.
Before the clock sources for the CPU clock can be switched over, the new clock source to which switched
must be oscillating stably. If the new clock source is the main clock, sub clock or PLL clock, allow a
sufficient wait time in a program until it becomes oscillating stably.
Note that operation modes cannot be changed directly from low speed or low power dissipation mode to
on-chip oscillator or on-chip oscillator low power dissipation mode. Nor can operation modes be changed
directly from on-chip oscillator or on-chip oscillator low power dissipation mode to low speed or low power
dissipation mode. Where the CPU clock source is changed from the on-chip oscillator to the main clock,
change the operation mode to the medium speed mode (divided by 8 mode) after the clock was divided
by 8 (the CM06 bit in the CM0 register was set to "1") in the on-chip oscillator mode.
10.4.1.1 High-speed Mode
The main clock divided by 1 provides the CPU clock. If the sub clock is on, fC32 can be used as the
count source for timers A and B.
10.4.1.2 PLL Operation Mode
The main clock multiplied by 2, 4, 6 or 8 provides the PLL clock, and this PLL clock serves as the CPU
clock. If the sub clock is on, fC32 can be used as the count source for timers A and B. PLL operation
mode can be entered from high speed mode. If PLL operation mode is to be changed to wait or stop
mode, first go to high speed mode before changing.
10.4.1.3 Medium-Speed Mode
The main clock divided by 2, 4, 8 or 16 provides the CPU clock. If the sub clock is on, fC32 can be
used as the count source for timers A and B.
10.4.1.4 Low-Speed Mode
The sub clock provides the CPU clock. The main clock is used as the clock source for the peripheral
function clock when the CM21 bit in the CM2 register is set to "0" (on-chip oscillator turned off), and the
on-chip oscillator clock is used when the CM21 bit is set to "1" (on-chip oscillator oscillating).
The fC32 clock can be used as the count source for timers A and B.
10.4.1.5 Low Power Dissipation Mode
In this mode, the main clock is turned off after being placed in low speed mode. The sub clock
provides the CPU clock. The fC32 clock can be used as the count source for timers A and B.
Simultaneously when this mode is selected, the CM06 bit becomes "1" (divided by 8 mode). In the low
power dissipation mode, do not change the CM06 bit. Consequently, the medium speed (divided by
8) mode is to be selected when the main clock is operated next.
10.4.1.6 On-chip Oscillator Mode
The on-chip oscillator clock divided by 1 (undivided), 2, 4, 8 or 16 provides the CPU clock. The on-
chip oscillator clock is also the clock source for the peripheral function clocks. If the sub clock is on,
fC32 can be used as the count source for timers A and B.
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10. Clock Generating Circuit
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