Cadillac 60 Series 1963 Shop Manual page 198

ENGINE MECHANICAL
9-5
through drilled holes to the hydraulic valve
lifters, and through drilled holes to the main
bearings.
Main bearings No. 1, 3, and 5 are lubricated
by oil from the right longitudinal header through
holes drilled in the block from the header to the
respective bearings. Main bearings No. 2 and
4 are lubricated in the same manner by oil from
the left longitudinal header. Camshaft bearings
No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are lubricated by oil from the
corresponding main bearings through holes drilled
in the block. The No. 5 camshaft bearing is lubri-
cated directly from the right longitudinal header
by a hole drilled in the block.
Oil from each main bearing also lubricates ad-
jacent connecting rod bearings through holes
drilled in the crankshaft. The No. 1 main supplies
the No. 1 connecting rod bearing. The No. 2 main
supplies the No. 2 and 3 connecting rod bearings;
the No. 3 main supplies the No. 4 and 5 connect-
ing rod bearings; the No. 4 main supplies the No.
6 and 7 connecting rod bearings; the No. 5 main
supplies the No. 8 connecting rod bearing.
The oil directed to the rocker shafts build up
oil pressure inside the shafts. There are two
holes in the rocker shaft for each rocker arm.
One hole is at the bottom of the shaft, intersecting
a 45° groove which distributes the oil evenly under
the loaded area of each rocker arm. The other
hole is slightly mis-matched with an angular
passage in the rocker arm.
This misalignment acts as a metering device to
supply the upper end of the rocker arm with the
correct amount of oil. This angular passage in
the rocker arm intersects a vertical passage in
the arm that directs oil to lubricate the push rod
cup in the rocker arm. It then flows slowly to the
valve end of the arm and lubricates the valve tip.
Oil drains from the top of the cylinder heads
through matching holes in the heads and block to
the crankcase. Oil from the valve lifter compart-
ment returns to the crankcase through a drilled
hole at the rear of the compartment on the right
side.
The cylinder walls are lubricated by oil di-
rected from each connecting rod bearing through
a groove in the bearing cap, sprayed onto the op-
posite cylinder wall. Some of this oil is picked up
from the cylinder walls by the oil feed trough in
the piston skirt and directed through a drilled
passage to lubricate the piston pin.
Information pertaining to the Crankcase Venti-
lation System is described in Section 10, under
General Description.
SERVICE INFORMATION
1. Cylinder Balance Test
The cylinder balance test is used to obtain the
power output of each cylinder compared with that
of other cylinders. It is performed by operating
the engine on each pair of companion cylinders
(those that fire 360° apart - - o n Cadillac engines,
1-6, 8-5, 7-4, 2-3) and then comparing the engine
vacuum and engine RPM of the four pairs.
If the readings for any pair are low, the indi-
vidual cylinder may be pinpointed by operating the
engine on one bank of cylinders and then the other,
and comparing readings. The low bank will con-
tain the cylinder which caused the low pair.
There are several cylinder balance testers on
the market today. All of them permit operating
the engine on a pair of cylinders simply by
grounding the spark to the remaining six cylin-
ders. Always follow the instructions furnished by
the manufacturer for the equipment being used.
1. Install cylinder balance leads parallel with
secondary wiring at distributor cap towers, using
caution not to pierce wiring insulation.
2. Connect tachometer and vacuum gage to en-
gine and adjust engine speed to hold steady at
1,500 RPM.
3. Depress first plunger on cylinder balance
tester to ground out all cylinders except two.
Keep plunger depressed long enough for RPM and
vacuum to stabilize, usually about 15 to 30
seconds, and record exact RPM and vacuum.
4. Operate engine on each of the other pairs of
cylinders and record the exact RPM and vacuum
for each pair. If one pair of cylinders is more
than 1 inch of vacuum or 50 RPM less than the
other pairs, it indicates one of the cylinders of
that pair is weak.
5. To determine which bank contains the weak
cylinder, ground out one bank of cylinders at a
time. The bank giving the lower readings will
contain the weak cylinder.
Although the cylinder balance test can indicate
which cylinder or cylinders are not up to
standard, further checks must be made to de-
termine the corrective measures necessary to
bring the engine up to standard. All tests should
be made with the engine running on two cylinders,
the weak one and its companion.
Broken or worn piston rings may be detected by
removing the oil filler cap and listening at the oil
filler tube. Leaking of compression will be heard
through the filler tube.