Measuring Principle - ABB Relion 650 Series Technical Manual

Section 10
Monitoring
10.9.7.1
10.9.7.2
444
If source impedance in the near and far end of the protected line have changed in a
significant manner relative to the set values at fault location calculation time (due
to exceptional switching state in the immediate network, power generation out of
order, and so on), new values can be entered via the local HMI and a recalculation
of the distance to the fault can be ordered using the algorithm described below. It's
also possible to change fault loop. In this way, a more accurate location of the fault
can be achieved.
The function indicates the distance to the fault as a percentage of the line length, in
kilometers or miles according to the setting LineLengthUnit. The fault location is
stored as a part of the disturbance report information (ER, DR, IND, TVR and FL)
and managed via the local HMI or PCM600.

Measuring Principle

For transmission lines with voltage sources at both line ends, the effect of double-
end infeed and additional fault resistance must be considered when calculating the
distance to the fault from the currents and voltages at one line end. If this is not
done, the accuracy of the calculated figure will vary with the load flow and the
amount of additional fault resistance.
The calculation algorithm used in the fault locator in compensates for the effect of
double-end infeed, additional fault resistance and load current.
Accurate algorithm for measurement of distance to fault
Figure 212 shows a single-line diagram of a single transmission line, that is fed
from both ends with source impedances Z
a distance F from IED A on a line with the length L and impedance Z
resistance is defined as R
the algorithm.
and Z
A
. A single-line model is used for better clarification of
F
1MRK 511 424-UEN B
. Assume that the fault occurs at
B
. The fault
L
Bay control REC650 2.2 IEC
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