Major Sources Of Error - Agilent Technologies 8719D User Manual

The transmission coefficient is measured by taking the ratio of the incident signal (I) and the
transmitted signal (T) (see Figure 6-44). Ideally, (I) consists only of power delivered by the
source, and ('I) consists only of power emerging at the test device output.
As in the reflection model, source match can cause the incident signal to vary as a function
of test device &A. Also, since the test setup transmission return port is never exactly the
characteristic impedance, some of the transmitted signal is reflected from the test set port 2,
and from other mismatches between the test device output and the receiver input, to return
to the test device. A portion of this signal may be re-reflected at port 2, thus affecting &M,
or part may be transmitted through the device in the reverse direction to appear at port 1,
thus affecting &M. This error term, which causes the magnitude and phase of the transmitted
signal to vary as a function of S 22& is called load match, ELF (see F'igure 6-45).
Application and Operation Conoepts
Figure 6-43. Major Sources of Error
E T R
Figure 6-44. Transmission Coefacient
Load
l
Forward
= -