Agilent Technologies 93000 SOC Series Training Manual page 549

Mixed-signal training

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Principle of Digital Integration

From the picture above, some general characteristics of digital

signal processing become obvious:

The mean value determined by the digital system will only be

correct, if the samples used for the computation cover exactly one

or several whole signal periods.

If the number of samples (N) covers more (or less) than a full

number of signal periods, the result will not be precise. The

resulting error depends not only on the number of samples, but

also on the shape of the waveform.

In order to fit a whole number of signal periods into a whole

number of samples, a digital signal processing system requires that

the period of the received waveform and the sampling frequency

be synchronized.

There are several ways to achieve this synchronization:

1 One can adjust the sampling frequency of the capturing

instrument according to the characteristics of the stimulating

2 Once the properties of the stimulating signal have been defined,

the test system itself could adjust the sampling frequency of the

capturing instrument.

3 If the sampling frequency of the capturing instrument shall not be

varied, the test system could tune the frequencies of the

stimulating signal.

4 The capturing instrument could use a phase-locked loop to adjust

its sampling frequency to the base frequency of the received signal.

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