ABB REG650 Technical Manual page 127

1MRK 502 043-UUS B
Technical Manual
• the non-stabilized (instantaneous unrestrained) differential protection
• the stabilized differential protection
The non-stabilized (instantaneous) differential protection is used for very high
differential currents, where it must be beyond any doubt, that the fault is internal. This
limit, (defined by the setting UnrestrainedLimit), is a constant, not proportional
dependent on the bias (restrain) current. No harmonic or any other restrain is applied to
this limit, which is, therefore, called the unrestrained limit. The reset ratio of the
unrestrained characteristic is equal to 0.95.
The stabilized differential protection applies a differential (operate) current, and the
common bias (restrain) current, on the operate-restrain characteristic, as shown in
figure 50. Here, the actual limit, where the protection can operate, is dependent on the
bias (restrain) current. The operate value, is stabilized by the bias current. This operate
– restrain characteristic is represented by a double-slope, double-breakpoint
characteristic. The restrained characteristic is determined by the following 5 settings:
• IdMin (Sensitivity in section 1, set as multiple of generator rated current)
• EndSection1 (End of section 1, set as multiple of generator rated current)
• EndSection2 (End of section 2, set as multiple of generator rated current)
• SlopeSection2 (Slope in section 2 of the characteristic, set in percent)
• SlopeSection3 (Slope in section 3 of the characteristic, set in percent)
D
Ioperate
= ×
slope 100%
D
Irestrain
EQUATION1246 V1 EN
Note that both slopes are calculated from the characteristics break points.
The operate-restrain characteristic is tailor-made, in other words, it can be constructed
by the user. A default operate-restrain characteristic is suggested which gives
acceptably good results in a majority of applications. The operate-restrain
characteristic has in principle three sections with a section-wise proportionality
dependence of the operate value to the common restrain (bias) current. The reset ratio
is in all parts of the characteristic equal to 0.95.
Section 1 is the most sensitive part on the characteristic. In section 1, normal currents
flow through the protected circuit and its current transformers, and risk for higher false
differential currents is low. With generators the only cause of small false differential
currents in this section can be tolerances of the current transformers used on both sides
of the protected generator. Slope in section 1 is always zero percent. Normally, with
Section 6
Differential protection
(Equation 28)
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