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Internet Protocol (IP) Routing

Table A12-11. IP Fields in netstat -r Display (continued)

The following three ﬂags:

The route is valid (up) and in use.

The route is valid but the interface is quiescent, i.e., the

interface is not up yet or was brought down by expiration of

the timer set by the net_inactivity port parameter.

The route is invalid (down) and has a metric of 16 (RIP

inﬁnity). It will stay in the routing table for two more

minutes so that other routers can learn that it is invalid.

The route was learned via an ICMP redirect. This can occur

only when IP routing is disabled (by setting the routed

parameter to N).

The route is an interface route.

The route was learned via RIP.

The route is a static route, learned from a route you deﬁned

in the gateway section of the conﬁg.annex ﬁle or a route

you entered via the CLI superuser route command.

The route is a hardwired static route.

A positive or negative integer indicating a route's usage.

When RIP adds a route to the routing table, it sets its usage

value to 0. Every time the route is used, RIP adds 1 to this

value. And every thirty seconds, RIP subtracts one from the

value. When the routing table reaches its maximum size of

256 entries, RIP removes the route with the lowest usage

value. If there is a tie, the ﬁrst route listed is deleted. The

range of values is –9999999, for a route that has not been

used in 9.5 years, to +9999999, for a very frequently used

route. Interface, hardwired, and extremely frequently used

routes contain the word ﬁxed in this ﬁeld instead of a