Keysight Technologies 33210A User Manual page 343

Phase Accumulator Circuitry
The 33210A uses a 64-bit phase accumulator which yields 2
picohertz frequency resolution internally. Note that only the 13 or 14
most-significant bits of the Phase Register are used to address waveform
memory. Therefore, when synthesizing low frequencies (less than 3.05 kHz for a
typical, 16K point standard waveform), the address will not change in every clock
cycle. However, at higher frequencies (greater than 3.05 kHz), the address will
change by more than one location during each clock cycle and some points will
be skipped. If too many points are skipped, a phenomenon known as "aliasing"
will occur and the waveform output will become somewhat distorted.
The Nyquist Sampling Theorem states that in order to prevent aliasing, the
NOTE
highest frequency component of the desired output waveform must be less than
hal f
Nyquist limits the highest frequency component to 25 MHz while the anti-alias
filtering limits the highest frequency component to less than this.
Keysight 33210A User's Guide
Phase
Increment
Register (PIR)
64 Bits
of the sampling frequency. The Keysight 33210A samples at 50 MHz, so
Adder
64 Bits
Phase
Register
50 MHz
MSBs
64 Bits
(13 or 14 bits)
-64
× 50 MHz or 2.7
Tutorial 7
Waveform
Memory
Address
343