Page 1 Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide...
Page 2 COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH government requirements THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY beyond those set forth in the © Keysight Technologies, Inc. TERMS IN THE SEPARATE EULA shall apply, except to the 2012-2018 AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL. extent that those terms, rights, or...
Page 3 Where to Find the Latest Information Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name of your product: http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the following URL: http://www.keysight.com/find/MyKeysight...
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Contents Table of Contents 1. Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator Features ..............2 Modes of Operation .
Page 6 Contents 6. TRIG 1 & 2 ................13 7.
Page 7 Contents Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeys ..........38 3.
Page 8 Contents Perform Enhanced Factory Calibration............94 Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) .
Page 9 Contents To set the ILS Localizer SDM value............137 To set or return the ILS Localizer parameters to a default state .
Page 10 Contents Configuring the Front Panel Inputs............183 9.
Page 11 Contents DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling ........... . 243 I/Q Modulation .
Page 12 Contents Selecting the Output Direction ............. 302 Selecting the Data Parameters.
Page 13 Contents 16. Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation ............... . . 360 ARB Custom Modulation Waveform Generator .
Page 14 Contacting Keysight Technologies ........
Page 15 Documentation Overview — Safety Information Getting Started Guide — Receiving the Instrument — Environmental & Electrical Requirements — Basic Setup — Accessories — Operation Verification — Regulatory Information — Signal Generator Overview User’s Guide — Preferences & Enabling Options — Basic Operation —...
Page 16 — Provides a listing of SCPI commands and programming codes for Programming signal generator models that are supported by the Keysight EXG Compatibility Guide and MXG X- Series signal generators. — Troubleshooting Service Guide — Replaceable Parts — Assembly Replacement —...
Page 17: Signal Generator Overview
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Signal Generator Overview To avoid damaging or degrading the performance of the instrument, do not exceed 33 dBm (2W) maximum (27 dBm (0.5W) for N5173N/83B) of reverse power levels at the RF input. See also Tips for Preventing Signal Generator Damage on www.keysight.com.
Page 18: Signal Generator Features
Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator Features Signal Generator Features — N5171B/N5181B, RF analog models: 9 kHz to 1 (N5171B only), 3, or 6 GHz (Options 501, 503, and 506 respectively) — N5172B/N5182B, RF vector models: 9 kHz to 3 or 6 GHz (Options 503, and 506 respectively) —...
Page 19: Modes Of Operation
— expanded license key upgradability (Option 099) For more details on hardware, firmware, software, and documentation features and options, refer to the data sheet shipped with the signal generator and available from the Keysight Technologies website at http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG. Modes of Operation...
Page 20: Digital Modulation (Vector Models With Option 65X Only)
Signal Generator Overview Modes of Operation Digital Modulation (Vector Models with Option 65x Only) In this mode, the signal generator modulates a CW signal with an arbitrary I/Q waveform. I/Q modulation is only available on vector models. An internal baseband generator (Option 65x) adds the following digital modulation formats: —...
Page 21: Front Panel Overview
Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Overview Front Panel Overview 5. Arrows and Select 8. Trigger 7. MENUS 11. Preset and 9. Local 4. Numeric User Preset Cancel/(Esc) Keypad 2. Display 1. Host USB 3. Softkeys 10. Help 6. Page Up 21.
Page 22: Arrows And Select
Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Overview 5. Arrows and Select The Select and arrow hardkeys enable you to select items on the signal generator’s display for editing. See “Entering and Editing Numbers and Text” on page 6. Page Up In a table editor, use this hardkey to display a previous page. See “Example: Using a Table Editor”...
Page 23: Preset And User Preset
Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Overview 11. Preset and User Preset These hardkeys set the signal generator to a known state (factory or user–defined). See “Presetting the Signal Generator” on page 12. RF Output (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, N5182B) Connector Standard: female Type–N Option 1EM: Rear panel output...
Page 24: Q Input (Vector Models Only)
Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Overview 17. Q Input (vector models only) Connector Type: female BNC Impedance: 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied analog, quadrature–phase component of I/Q modulation. The signal level is = 0.5 V for a calibrated output level. Damage Levels See also, “I/Q Modulation”...
Page 25: Front Panel Display
Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display Front Panel Display 2. Frequency Area 1. Active Function Area 4. Amplitude Area 3. Annunciators Scroll Bar If there is more text than can be displayed on one screen, a scroll bar appears here. Use the Page Up and Page Down keys to scroll...
Page 26: Amplitude Area
Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display This annunciator appears when... Custom Arb waveform generator is on. DIGMOD An error message is placed in the error queue. This annunciator does not turn off until you either view all of the error messages or clear the error queue (see “Reading Error Messages”...
Page 27: Softkey Label Area
Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display 7. Softkey Label Area This area displays labels that define the function of the softkeys located immediately to the right of the display. Softkey labels change, depending on the function selected. Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 28: Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Digital Modulation Connectors (Vector Models 1. AC Power Receptacle Only) on page 15 3. LF OUT 10. LAN 9. GPIB Option 1EM 6.
Page 29: Ext 1 & Ext 2
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) 2. EXT 1 & EXT 2 Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied ±1 V signal that produces the indicated depth. Damage Levels and 10 V 3.
Page 30: Mhz Out
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) 8. 10 MHz OUT Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal A nominal signal level greater than 4 dBm. 9. GPIB This connector enables communication with compatible devices such as external controllers, and is one of three connectors available to remotely control the signal generator (see also 10.
Page 31: Digital Modulation Connectors (Vector Models Only)
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Digital Modulation Connectors (Vector Models Only) I OUT, Q OUT, OUT, OUT and OUT, require Option 1EL. Connector Type: female BNC Impedance: 50 Ω DC–coupled Signal I OUT The analog, in–phase component of I/Q modulation from the internal baseband generator. Q OUT The analog, quadrature–phase component of I/Q modulation from the internal baseband generator.
Page 32: Pat Trig
< −4 and > +8 V DIGITAL BUS I/O This is a proprietary bus used by Keysight Technologies signal creation software. This connector is not operational for general purpose use. Signals are present only when a signal creation software option is installed (for details, refer to http://www.keysight.com/find/signalcreation).
Page 33: Aux I/O Connector
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) AUX I/O Connector This female 36-pin connector is available only on instruments with an internal baseband generator (Option 653, 655, 656, 657). On signal generators without one of these options, this connector is not present.
Page 34 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Markers (pins 1-4) Each Arb–based waveform point has a marker on/off condition associated with it. Each real-time signal can be routed to the output marker signals using SCPI commands or the real-time personalities. Marker level = +3.3 V high (positive polarity selected);...
Page 35 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Table 1-1 AUX I/O Connector Configuration MXG and EXG AUX I/O Connector Configuration ARB & ARB-Based Real-Time Custom Real-Time BERT Capability Applications Modulation Applications Pin # Input Output Input Output Input Output...
Page 36 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Table 1-1 AUX I/O Connector Configuration MXG and EXG AUX I/O Connector Configuration ARB & ARB-Based Real-Time Custom Real-Time BERT Capability Applications Modulation Applications Pin # Input Output Input Output Input Output...
Page 37: Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) 14. ALC INPUT 1. AC Power Receptacle 15. Z AXIS OUTPUT 10. LAN 9. GPIB Option 1EM 3. LF OUT 6. TRIG 1 & 2 13.
Page 38: Ext 1 & Ext 2
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) 2. EXT 1 & EXT 2 Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied ±1 V signal that produces the indicated depth. Damage Levels and 10 V 3. LF OUT Connector female BNC Impedance 50 Ω...
Page 39: Mhz Out
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) 8. 10 MHz OUT Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal A nominal signal level greater than 4 dBm. 9. GPIB This connector enables communication with compatible devices such as external controllers, and is one of three connectors available to remotely control the signal generator (see also 10.
Page 40: Z Axis Output
Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) 15. Z AXIS OUTPUT This female BNC connector supplies a +5 V (nominal) level during retrace and band-switch intervals of a step or list sweep. During step or list sweep, this female BNC connector supplies a -5 V (nominal) level when the RF frequency is at a marker frequency and intensity marker mode is on.
Page 41: Preferences & Enabling Options
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Preferences & Enabling Options The Utility menu provides access to both user and remote operation preferences, and to the menus in which you can enable instrument options. Remote Operation Preferences GPIB Address and Remote Language ...
Page 42: User Preferences
Preferences & Enabling Options User Preferences User Preferences From the Utility menu, you can set the following user preferences: — Display Settings, below — Power On and Preset on page 28 — Front Panel Knob Resolution on page 28 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 43: Display Settings
Preferences & Enabling Options User Preferences Display Settings Using Secure Display (Option 006) on page 438. See also, Utility > Display Range: 0 to 100 Light Only: turns the display light off, leaving the text visible at a low intensity. Light & Text: turns the display light and the text off. If the display remains unchanged for long periods of time, use this mode to prevent the text from burning the display.
Page 44: Power On And Preset
Preferences & Enabling Options User Preferences Power On and Preset Utility > Power On/Preset Select the GPIB language desired after a preset. See also, the Programming Guide and the SCPI Command Restores persistent settings Reference. (those unaffected by a power Available only when 8648 is either the selected preset language or cycle*, preset, or recall) the selected remote language (see page 31).
Page 45: Setting Time And Date
Preferences & Enabling Options User Preferences Setting Time and Date The signal generator’s firmware tracks the time and date, and uses the latest time and date as its time/date reference point. Changing the time or date can adversely affect the signal generator’s ability to use time.
Page 46: Reference Oscillator Tune
Preferences & Enabling Options User Preferences Reference Oscillator Tune Utility > Instrument Adjustments Tunes the internal VCTXCO oscillator frequency. The user value offsets the factory tuned value (the value is added to the factory calibrated DAC value). The tune value of 0 sets the factory calibrated value.
Page 47: Upgrading Firmware
Preferences & Enabling Options Upgrading Firmware Upgrading Firmware For information on new firmware releases, go to http://www.keysight.com/find/upgradeassistant. Remote Operation Preferences For details on operating the signal generator remotely, refer to the Programming Guide. GPIB Address and Remote Language NOTES USB is also available. It is not shown in the menu because it requires no configuration. For details on using the instrument remotely, see the Programming Guide.
Page 48: Configuring The Lan Interface
Preferences & Enabling Options Remote Operation Preferences Configuring the LAN Interface Utility > I/O Config page 32 NOTES Use a 100Base–T LAN cable to connect the signal generator to the LAN. Use a crossover cable to connect the signal generator directly to a PC. For details on using the instrument remotely, Values are listed in the refer to the Programming Guide and to...
Page 49: Configuring The Remote Languages
Preferences & Enabling Options Remote Operation Preferences Configuring the Remote Languages Figure 2-2 N5171B/72B/81B/82B Utility > I/O Config Select the desired Remote language. For details on each key, use key help Refer to the SCPI Command Reference. page 40 as described on Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 50 Preferences & Enabling Options Remote Operation Preferences Figure 2-3 N5173B/83B Utility > I/O Config Select the desired Remote language. page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on Refer to the SCPI Command Reference. Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 51: Configuring The Preset Languages
Preferences & Enabling Options Remote Operation Preferences Configuring the Preset Languages Figure 2-4 N5171B/72B/81B/82B Utility > Power On/Preset Select the desired Remote language. page 28 For details on each key, use key help Refer to the SCPI Command Reference. page 40 as described on Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 52 Preferences & Enabling Options Remote Operation Preferences Figure 2-5 N5173B/83B Select the desired Remote language. Utility > Power On/Preset page 28 page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on Refer to the SCPI Command Reference. Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 53: Enabling An Option
Preferences & Enabling Options Enabling an Option Enabling an Option There are two ways to enable an option: — Use the License Manager software utility: 1. Run the utility and follow the prompts. 2. Download the utility from www.keysight.com/find/LicenseManager and select license (.lic) files from an external USB Flash Drive (UFD).
Page 54: Hardware Assembly Installation And Removal Softkeys
Preferences & Enabling Options Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeys Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeys For details on each key, use key help Utility > More 2 of 2 > page 40 as described on Verify output attenuator operation using a power meter at the RF Output.
Page 55: Basic Operation
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Basic Operation This chapter introduces fundamental front panel operation. For information on remote operation, refer to the Programming Guide. — Presetting the Signal Generator on page 40 — Viewing Key Descriptions on page 40 —...
Page 56: Presetting The Signal Generator
Basic Operation Presetting the Signal Generator Presetting the Signal Generator To return the signal generator to a known state, press either Preset or User Preset. Preset is the factory preset; User Preset is a custom preset** (see also, page 28). To reset persistent settings (those unaffected by preset, user preset, or power cycle*), press: Utility >...
Page 57: Entering And Editing Numbers And Text
Basic Operation Entering and Editing Numbers and Text Entering and Editing Numbers and Text Entering Numbers and Moving the Cursor Use the number keys and decimal point to enter numeric data. Up/down arrow keys increase/decrease a selected (highlighted) numeric value, and move the cursor vertically. Page up/down keys move tables of data up and down within the display area.
Page 58: Example: Using A Table Editor
Basic Operation Entering and Editing Numbers and Text Example: Using a Table Editor Table editors simplify configuration tasks. The following procedure describes basic table editor functionality using the List Mode Values table editor. 1. Preset the signal generator: Press Preset. 2.
Page 59: Setting Frequency And Power (Amplitude)
Basic Operation Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude) Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude) Figure 3-1 Frequency and Amplitude Softkeys In Frequency mode, this menu is In Amplitude mode, this menu is automatically displayed when entering automatically displayed when entering a numeric value with the front panel a numeric value with the front panel keypad.
Page 60: Example: Configuring A 700 Mhz, −20 Dbm Continuous Wave Output
Basic Operation Setting Frequency and Power (Amplitude) Example: Configuring a 700 MHz, −20 dBm Continuous Wave Output 1. Preset the signal generator. The signal generator displays its maximum specified frequency and minimum power level (the front panel display areas are shown on page 2.
Page 61: Setting Alc Bandwidth Control
Basic Operation Setting ALC Bandwidth Control Figure 3-2 Using an External Reference Oscillator Setting ALC Bandwidth Control Figure 3-3 Amplitude Softkeys Enables the automatic bandwidth mode (Auto). For details on each key, use key help Refer to the SCPI Command Reference. To display the next menu, press page 40 as described on...
Page 62: Configuring A Swept Output
Basic Operation Configuring a Swept Output Configuring a Swept Output The signal generator has two methods of sweeping through a set of frequency and amplitude points: Step sweep (page 47) provides a linear or logarithmic progression from one selected frequency, amplitude, or both, to another, pausing at linearly or logarithmically spaced points (steps) along the sweep.
Page 63: Routing Signals
Basic Operation Configuring a Swept Output Routing Signals Sweep > More > More > Route Connectors Step Sweep Step sweep provides a linear or logarithmic progression from one selected frequency, or amplitude, or both, to another, pausing at linearly or logarithmically spaced points (steps) along the sweep. The sweep can progress forward, backward, or be changed manually.
Page 64 Basic Operation Configuring a Swept Output Figure 3-6 Sweep Softkeys For details on each key, use key help page 40 as described on Dwell Time = the time that the signal is settled and you can make a measurement before the sweep moves to the next point. (Point to point time is the sum of the value set for the dwell plus processing time, switching time, and settling time.) Step Sweep and List Sweep dwell times are set...
Page 65: List Sweep
Basic Operation Configuring a Swept Output A continuous sweep begins, from the start frequency/amplitude to the stop frequency/amplitude. The SWEEP annunciator displays, and sweep progress is shown in the frequency display, the amplitude display, and the progress bar. 5. Turn the RF output on: Press RF On/Off. The RF LED lights, and the continuous sweep is available at the RF Output connector.
Page 66 Basic Operation Configuring a Swept Output Example: Configuring a List Sweep Using Step Sweep Data 1. Set up the desired step sweep, but do not turn the sweep on. This example uses the step sweep configured on page 2. In the SWEEP menu, change the sweep type to list: Press SWEEP >...
Page 67 Basic Operation Configuring a Swept Output 2. If sweep is on, turn it off. Editing list sweep parameters with sweep on can generate an error. 3. Ensure that the sweep type is set to list: Press SWEEP > Sweep Type List Step to highlight List.
Page 68: Example: Using A Single Sweep
Basic Operation Configuring a Swept Output 13.As desired, repeat step for the remaining points for which you want to select a waveform. The following figure shows an example of how this might look. The empty entry is equivalent to choosing CW (no modulation). 14.Turn sweep on: Press Return >...
Page 69: Example: Manual Control Of Sweep
Basic Operation Configuring a Swept Output Example: Manual Control of Sweep 1. Set up either a step sweep (page 48) or a list sweep (page 50). 2. In the Sweep/List menu, select a parameter to sweep: Press Sweep > parameter > Return. 3.
Page 70: Modulating The Carrier Signal
Basic Operation Modulating the Carrier Signal Modulating the Carrier Signal To modulate the carrier signal, you must have both — an active modulation format — modulation of the RF output enabled Example 1. Preset the signal generator. 2. Turn on AM: Press AM > AM Off On (requires Option UNT). You can turn on the modulation format before or after setting signal parameters.
Page 71: Simultaneous Modulation
Basic Operation Modulating the Carrier Signal Simultaneous Modulation The Keysight X-Series signal generators are capable of simultaneous modulation. All modulation types (AM, FM, fM, Pulse, and I/Q) may be simultaneously enabled, but there are some exceptions. Refer to Table 3-1. Table 3-1 Simultaneous Modulation Type Combinations Pulse...
Page 72: Working With Files
Basic Operation Working with Files Working with Files — File Softkeys on page 57 — Viewing a List of Stored Files on page 58 — Storing a File on page 60 — Loading (Recalling) a Stored File on page 61 —...
Page 73: File Softkeys
Basic Operation Working with Files File Softkeys page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on Note: Available file types depend on the installed options. page 62 Display internal or USB Instrument operating parameters (see files, depending on the Sweep data from the List Mode Values table editor.
Page 74: Viewing A List Of Stored Files
Basic Operation Working with Files ARB File Softkeys Waveform files and their associated marker and header information. Note: Available file types depend on the installed options. page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on Viewing a List of Stored Files The information in this section is provided with the assumption that default storage media is set to Auto, as described on page...
Page 75 Basic Operation Working with Files Viewing a list of Files Stored on USB Media With USB media connected, you can view files on USB media using either the file catalogs, which can display only a selected type of file, or the USB File Manager, which displays all files. Using the File Catalogs: —...
Page 76: Storing A File
Basic Operation Working with Files Storing a File Several menus enable you to store instrument parameters. For example, you can store instrument states, lists, and waveforms. — An instrument state file contains instrument settings. For this type of file, use the Save hardkey shown in Figure 3-8 on page —...
Page 77: Loading (Recalling) A Stored File
Basic Operation Working with Files Loading (Recalling) a Stored File There are several ways to load (recall) a stored file. — For an instrument state file, use the Recall hardkey shown in Figure 3-8 on page — For other types of data, use the Load/Store softkey (shown below) that is available through the menu used to create the file.
Page 78: Moving A File From One Media To Another
Basic Operation Working with Files Moving a File from One Media to Another Use the USB Media Manager to move files between USB and internal media. File > Catalog Type > <type> > More > USB File Manager File > More > USB File Manager Insert the USB Flash Drive (UFD) Selecting a waveform or an unknown file type...
Page 79 Basic Operation Working with Files Figure 3-8 Save and Recall Softkeys When saved to the signal generator, instrument settings (states) save to instrument state memory*. Instrument state memory is divided into 10 sequences (0 through 9); each sequence comprises 100 registers (00 through 99). Delete softkeys in the Save and Recall menus enable you to delete the contents of a specific register, or the contents of all sequences in the state file catalog.
Page 80 Basic Operation Working with Files Saving an Instrument State 1. Preset the signal generator and set the following: • Frequency: 800 MHz • Amplitude: 0 dBm • RF: on 2. (Optional, vector models only) Associate a waveform file with these settings: a.
Page 81 Basic Operation Working with Files If the desired state is listed in the currently selected sequence, press desired number > Enter. If not, press Press Select Seq > desired number > Enter > RECALL Reg > desired number > Enter. Recalling an Instrument State and Associated Waveform File 1.
Page 82 Basic Operation Working with Files Moving or Copying a Stored Instrument State Figure 3-9 Instrument State File Catalog Sequence Register page 64 The signal generator recognizes only the file named USER_PRESET as user preset information ( A user–created state file’s default name is its memory location (sequence and register). To move the file, rename it to the desired sequence and register;...
Page 83: Selecting The Default Storage Media
Basic Operation Working with Files Selecting the Default Storage Media You can configure the signal generator to store user files to either the internal storage or to external USB media. To automatically switch between USB media and internal storage, depending on whether USB media is attached, select Automatically Use USB Media If Present.
Page 84: Reading Error Messages
Basic Operation Reading Error Messages Reading Error Messages If an error condition occurs, the signal generator reports it to both the front panel display error queue and the SCPI (remote interface) error queue. These two queues are viewed and managed separately;...
Page 85: Optimize Performance
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Optimize Performance Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in...
Page 86: Using The Dual Power Meter Display
Optimize Performance Using the Dual Power Meter Display Using the Dual Power Meter Display The dual power meter display can be used to display the current frequency and power of either one or two power sensors. The display outputs the current frequency and power measured by the power sensors in the larger center display and in the upper right corner of the display.
Page 87: Example: Dual Power Meter Calibration
Optimize Performance Using the Dual Power Meter Display Figure 4-3 Configuring the Power Sensor Channels AUX Fctn > Power Meter Note: This figure illustrates channel A. Channel B is similar. Measurements Enables the power meter connection type: Sockets LAN, VXI–11 LAN, or USB. Note: The VXI–11 softkey is used to communicate remotely with a power meter...
Page 88 Optimize Performance Using the Dual Power Meter Display 1. Setup for Step Sweep. “Configuring a Swept Output” on page Verify RF Output power is off before continuing. 2. Connecting the Channel A power sensor: Connect USB sensor to the signal generator. The MXG/EXG should display a message across the bottom that reads similar to: USB TMC488 device (USB POWER SENSOR,MY47400143) connected Figure 4-4...
Page 89 Optimize Performance Using the Dual Power Meter Display Figure 4-6 Running Calibration(s) Bar (Zeroing Sensor) For details on each key, use key help as described page 40 The U2000 Series USB Power Sensor, does require a 50 MHz calibration. If a calibration is attempted with the U2000 Series Power Sensors, the signal generator displays a message reading: The U2000 series power sensor does not require a 50 MHz calibration.
Page 90 Optimize Performance Using the Dual Power Meter Display 6. On the N1912A P–Series Power Meter (Channel B power sensor): Connect the N1912A P– Series Power Meter to the LAN. 7. Connect the power meter sensor to channel B of the power meter. It is recommended, but not required to use the channel B on the N1912A.
Page 91 Optimize Performance Using the Dual Power Meter Display 13.On the signal generator: Press Channel B to On and then back to Off again. This initializes the signal generator to the external power meter. 14.Press Return > Zero Sensor A diagnostic dialog box is displayed each time an external power meter is being used and the Zero Sensor or Calibrate Sensor softkey is pressed (refer to Figure 4-10 on page 75).
Page 92 Optimize Performance Using the Dual Power Meter Display 17.Press Done Calibration progress bar is displayed. Refer to Figure 4-12 on page Figure 4-12 Running Calibration(s) Bar (Calibrating Sensor) For details on each key, use key help as described page 40 18.Press Return > Channel B to On 19.The current power meter sensor reading should be displayed on the signal generator in the ChB portion of the display and in the upper right corner of the display under Power Meter and to the left of the Power Meter power sensor reading.
Page 93: Using The Usb Pass Through Commands
Optimize Performance Using the USB Pass Through Commands Using the USB Pass Through Commands The USB pass through SCPI commands are used remotely and or to program your system setup and power meter sensor setup. This section applies to the following USB power sensors: —...
Page 94 Optimize Performance Using the USB Pass Through Commands Step Substeps Results/Notes 4. Sending additional a. Enter: Where "SCPI command" is any SCPI pass through SCPI commands. command. Refer to Table 4-1 on page :SYSTem:PMETer:PAS If you are sending a Sthrough "SCPI query, go to step 5.
Page 95: Using The Power Meter Servo
Optimize Performance Using the Power Meter Servo Using the Power Meter Servo The Power Meter Servo mode uses power meter readings to adjust the output power of the source, maintaining a constant DUT output power. The servo loop measures the output power of the DUT, compares it to the user-provided reference power, and adjusts the output of the source to achieve the user-provided power level within the settling error.
Page 96: Power Meter Servo Configuration
Optimize Performance Using the Power Meter Servo Power Meter Servo Configuration The following procedure is a basic configuration for using the signal generator’s Power Meter Servo mode. The configuration described below is one possible setup example. Consider the limits of your DUT and use caution to protect the DUT from being exposed to too much power.
Page 97: Example
Optimize Performance Using the Power Meter Servo Power Meter Continuous performs the adjustment as in Once mode, and continues to adjust the power periodically if the value differs by more than the specified Settling Error. Once these parameters are set, the servo loop engages and levels the DUT’s output power. Example The following example emphasizes the importance of setting the amplitude offset, as it protects the DUT from being exposed to too much power.
Page 98: Using Flatness Correction
Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction Using Flatness Correction User flatness correction allows the digital adjustment of RF output amplitude for up to 1601 sequential linearly or arbitrarily spaced frequency points to compensate for external losses in cables, switches, or other devices. Using an Keysight N1911A/12A, E4419A/B, or U2000 Series power meter/sensor to calibrate the measurement system, a table of power level corrections can automatically be created for frequencies where power level variations or losses occur.
Page 99 Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction Figure 4-16 User Flatness Correction Softkeys For details on each key, use key help page 40 as described on Starts the user flatness calibration. page 85 Confirm Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 100: Creating A User Flatness Correction Array
Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction Creating a User Flatness Correction Array In this example, you will create a user flatness correction array. The flatness correction array contains ten frequency correction pairs (amplitude correction values for each specified frequency), from 500 MHz to 1 GHz. An Keysight N1911A/12A or E4419A/B power meter and E4413A power sensor are used to measure the RF output amplitude at the specified correction frequencies and transfer the results to the signal generator.
Page 101 Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction Connect the Equipment — Keysight N1911A/12A or E4419A/B — LAN, GPIB, or USB interface cables, as required power meter — adapters and cables, as — Keysight U2000A/01A/02A/04A power required Sensor The LAN, GPIB*, and USB connections are for E5810A convenience.
Page 102 Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction Basic Procedure 1. Create a user flatness array. a. Configure the power meter/sensor b. Connect the equipment c. Configure the signal generator d. Enter the user flatness correction values 2. Optionally, save the user flatness correction data. 3.
Page 103 Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction 4. Enable the power meter’s cal factor array. The signal generator’s RF Output LED remains unchanged during zeroing of the power sensor (e.g. if the RF Output LED was on prior to starting the Zeroing of the power sensor, the LED remains on throughout the zero/calibration).
Page 104 Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction c. Open the User Flatness table editor and preset the cal array: Press Return > Configure Cal Array > More > Preset List > Confirm Preset with Defaults. d. In the Step Array menu, enter the desired flatness–corrected start and stop frequencies, and the number of points: Press More >...
Page 105 Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction 2. Connect the power meter to the RF output and enter the correction values: With a Power Meter Over LAN, GPIB, or USB Manually i. Create the correction values: i. Open the User Flatness table editor and highlight Press More >...
Page 106: Recalling And Applying A User Flatness Correction Array
Optimize Performance Using Flatness Correction The UF annunciator appears in the AMPLITUDE area of the display, and the correction data in the array is applied to the RF output. Recalling and Applying a User Flatness Correction Array The following example assumes that a user flatness correction array has been created and stored. If not, perform the Example: A 500 MHz to 1 GHz Flatness Correction Array with 10 Correction Values...
Page 107: Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only)
Optimize Performance Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) There is an internal calibration routine (Factory Calibration) that collects correction data for both the baseband and RF magnitude and phase errors over the entire RF frequency and power level range on any unit with options 653, 655, 656, and 657.
Page 108 Optimize Performance Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) — If a frequency sweep is activated, then the calculation and caching will occur up front for the first 256 unique frequencies, and all additional unique frequencies will have the characteristics of arbitrary frequency switching. —...
Page 109 Optimize Performance Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) Figure 4-18 Internal Channel Correction Softkeys I/Q > More Displays a menu that controls the calibration and application of the internal baseband generator RF and baseband magnitude and phase corrections across the entire baseband bandwidth.
Page 110: Configure Internal Channel Correction
Optimize Performance Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) Configure Internal Channel Correction There is an internal calibration routine (Enhanced Factory Calibration) that collects correction data for both the baseband and RF magnitude and phase errors over the entire RF frequency and power level range on any unit with options 653, 655, 656, and 657.
Page 111: Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only)
Optimize Performance Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Atten Hold sets to On and grays out (inactive) with Ext Detector selection. When re– selecting Internal, the softkey becomes active, but attenuator hold remains on. If desired, manually set it to off. With the Ext Detector selection, Set Atten has no effect on the output power level.
Page 112 Figure 4-21 on page 97 shows the input power versus output voltage characteristics for typical Keysight Technologies diode detectors. Using this chart, you can determine the leveled power at the diode detector input by measuring the external detector output voltage. For a coupler, you must then add the coupling factor to determine the leveled output power.
Page 113 Optimize Performance Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Figure 4-20 Power Value Differences with External Leveling Signal generator set power level Measured output power of a coupler Figure 4-21 Typical Diode Detector Response at 25° C Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 114: Option 1E1 Output Attenuator Behavior And Use
Optimize Performance Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Option 1E1 Output Attenuator Behavior and Use When using the internal detector, the Option 1E1 output attenuator enables signal generator power levels down to -130 dBm at the RF Output connector. It accomplishes this by adding attenuation to the output signal after the ALC detection circuit.
Page 115 Optimize Performance Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) 4. Determine the output amplitude range, see “Determining the Signal Generator’s Amplitude Range” on page 100 5. Set the displayed power value, see “Adjusting the Signal Generator Display’s Amplitude Value” on page 101 Equipment Setup Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 4-22 on page...
Page 116 Optimize Performance Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Determining the Signal Generator’s Amplitude Range The maximum output amplitude is frequency dependent. So if you are using multiple frequency points and there is a need to know the maximum output amplitude for each frequency point, refer to the “Amplitude”...
Page 117 Optimize Performance Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) To remove the error message, press the down arrow key until the message is gone. The error appears when an attempt is made to increase the amplitude beyond the maximum value as it relates to the current attenuator setting. Adjusting the Signal Generator Display’s Amplitude Value When using external leveling, the signal generator’s displayed amplitude value will not match the leveled power of the signal at the output of the coupler/splitter.
Page 118: Using Unleveled Operating Modes
Optimize Performance Using Unleveled Operating Modes Using Unleveled Operating Modes Figure 4-23 Power Search and ALC Off Softkeys Auto: The calibration routine executes whenever output frequency or amplitude changes. Only available when I/Q is on. Span: Pressing Do Power Search executes the power search calibration routine once over a These selected frequency range.
Page 119: Power Search Mode
Optimize Performance Using Unleveled Operating Modes slow amplitude variations or bursts that the automatic leveling would remove or distort. When using the internal IQ baseband generator, the best technique is to use the ALC hold marker function vs. ALC off for the types of signals just described. After the ALC has been turned off, power search must be executed to set the proper output power level requested on the front panel.
Page 120 Optimize Performance Using Unleveled Operating Modes — Fixed – Reference level is 0.5 Vrms. This reference functions with internal, external IQ and bursted signals. This is the instrument’s default setting. — RMS – User provided reference level 0–1.414 Vrms placed in the Waveform Header. Refer to “Saving a Waveform’s Settings &...
Page 121 Optimize Performance Using Unleveled Operating Modes The FIXED, RMS, and MANUAL references use a DAC to apply the reference voltage and do not require the IQ signal to be present. The MXG/EXG reference voltage is designed to operate between 0.1 Vrms to 1 Vrms nominally, but it can overrange to 1.414 Vrms.
Page 122: Using An Output Offset, Reference, Or Multiplier
Optimize Performance Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier When set to Auto, power search automatically executes when a significant instrument setting changes. The Do Power Search feature enables you to decide when to execute a power search to compensate for changes, such as temperature drift or a change in the external input. Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier Setting an Output Offset Using an output offset, the signal generator can output a frequency or amplitude that is offset...
Page 123: Setting An Output Reference
Optimize Performance Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier Antenna tuned to 1321 MHz IF Amplifier RF Amplifier Mixer Filter IF Output IF = 321 MHz 321 MHz Output Frequency = 1000 MHz Selected Offset SIgnal Generator Display 321 MHz 1321 MHz (Antenna Frequency) −679 MHz...
Page 124: Setting A Frequency Multiplier
Optimize Performance Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier To set a new frequency or amplitude reference, turn the frequency reference off, and then follow the steps above. Setting a Frequency Multiplier Using a frequency multiplier, the signal generator can display a frequency that is the multiple (positive or negative) of the output value.
Page 125: Using The Frequency And Phase Reference Softkeys
Optimize Performance Using the Frequency and Phase Reference Softkeys When using the signal generator as the input to a system, you can set the frequency multiplier so that the signal generator displays the output of the system, as illustrated below using a doubler: Signal Generator Doubler Entered/Displayed...
Page 126: Using Free Run, Step Dwell, And Timer Trigger
Optimize Performance Using Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger Using Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger Free Run, Step Dwell (time), and Timer Trigger can be used to adjust the time spent at any point in a Step Sweep or a List Sweep. There are two possible measurement combinations: Free Run with Step Dwell time (Figure 4-27 on page 111) the signal generator waits for the signal...
Page 127 Optimize Performance Using Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger Figure 4-27 Free Run, Set Dwell, and Timer Trigger Softkeys Sweep > Configure Step Sweep > More Use Step Dwell with Free Run when additional measurement wait time is desired after settling. If the signal is to be settled for a minimum specific time at each point and it is not important if the point to point time is consistent, use Step Dwell and Free Run time.
Page 128: Using A Usb Keyboard
Optimize Performance Using a USB Keyboard Using a USB Keyboard You can use a USB keyboard to remotely control the RF output state, the modulation state, and to select a memory sequence and register. The register selection, RF output state, and modulation state are affected by power cycle or preset, but the USB keyboard control state and the sequence selection are not.
Page 129: Avionics Vor/Ils (Option 302)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) This chapter describes the avionics softkeys used by Keysight N5171B/72B EXG and N5181B/82B MXG X-Series signal generators with Option 302 Avionics License during either VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Ranging] or ILS [Instrument Landing System] aircraft navigation receiver test.
Page 130: Using Vor [Vhf Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys The purpose of the VOR system is to provide directional information for aircraft in flight. VOR ground based transmitter stations are strategically located to provide complete coverage for air traffic.
Page 131 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys When using an X-Series signal generator with Option 302 Avionics License to simulate VOR signals, the 30 Hz reference signal (REF Freq) is placed on a sub-carrier of 9960 Hz (SubCarrier Freq) using frequency modulation with a peak deviation set to 480 Hz (REF Deviation).
Page 132: To Set The Vor Mode That Produces A Full Or Partial Vor Signal
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set the VOR mode that produces a full or partial VOR signal 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press VOR Mode (Default selection is OFF.) 3. Select either: OFF | NORM | VAR | Sub-carrier | Sub-carrier+FM —...
Page 133 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys 108.00 111.20 113.20 114.80 116.40 108.05 111.25 113.25 114.85 116.45 108.20 111.40 113.30 114.90 116.50 108.25 111.45 113.35 114.95 116.55 108.40 111.60 113.40 115.00 116.60 108.45 111.65 113.45 115.05 116.65 108.60 111.80 113.50...
Page 134: To Set The Vor Bearing Angle Between The Var Signal And The Ref Signal
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set the VOR bearing angle between the VAR signal and the REF signal 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press Bearing 3. Press Angle (Default value is 0.00 deg.) 4.
Page 135: To Set The Vor Bearing Direction As From Or To
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set the VOR bearing direction as From or To 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press Bearing 3. Press Direction (Default selection is From.) 4. Select either From | To From - In the From convention, the VOR transmitter beacon is made the reference point and the Bearing Angle is between local magnetic-North and the beacon-to-aircraft radial line (RL).
Page 136: To Set The Am Depth Of The Variable Phase Signal (Var Freq)
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys amplitude modulated onto one of the VOR carriers (108.00 to 117.95 MHz). This makes the reference signal essentially an FM/AM multiplex signal. To set the AM depth of the variable phase signal (VAR Freq) 1.
Page 137: To Set Or Return The Vor Subsystem Parameters To A Default State
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set or return the VOR subsystem parameters to a default state This process returns the VOR system parameters to a set of default state conditions. 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2.
Page 138 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys 4. Set the VOR bearing direction as From or To. a. Press Direction (Default selection is From.) b. (Optional) Select either From | To 5. Set the frequency of the reference signal (REF Freq) and variable phase signal (VAR Freq).
Page 139 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys 11.Set modulation to on. a. Press MOD On and verify that the front panel LED is illuminated, indicating that it is on. (Default is on). 12.Set a desired RF power level. a.
Page 140: Using Com/Id Softkeys
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using COM/ID Softkeys Using COM/ID Softkeys The purpose of COM/ID commands are to set parameters related to airport communication identification codes. (This code may also be referred to as an, “airport call-sign”.) During VOR and ILS testing, a COM/ID code can be transmitted as a three letter Morse-code signal of 1.02000 kHz and is placed on the carrier;...
Page 141: To Set The Com/Id On Or Off
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using COM/ID Softkeys To set the COM/ID on or off This process toggles COM/ID Off (0) or On (1). 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press COM/ID (Default is COM/ID Off.) 3. Select either COM/ID Off | COM/ID On When COM/ID is set to Off, all COM/ID functions are turned off and must be set to On before any of the other COM/ID parameters have an effect.
Page 142: To Set The Com/Id Tone/Code Modulating Frequency
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using COM/ID Softkeys Each COM/ID code (airport identification code) must correspond to one of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) codes. IATA owns, controls, and has a copyright to the complete list of airport identification codes; STS is the airport identification code that refers to the Sonoma County Airport in Santa Rosa, CA, USA.
Page 143: To Set Or Return The Com/Id Parameters To A Default State
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using COM/ID Softkeys To set or return the COM/ID parameters to a default state 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press COM/ID 3. Press More 1 of 2 4. Press Recall Default Settings Selecting these softkeys returns the COM/ID parameters to a set of default state conditions.
Page 144 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using COM/ID Softkeys b. (Optional) Select a <value> from 0 Hz to 20 kHz. 5. Set the COM/ID tone AM depth. a. Press Depth (Default value is 10%.) b. (Optional) Select a <value> from 0 to 49.9% and press Enter. 6.
Page 145: Using Ils Localizer Softkeys
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Using ILS Localizer Softkeys An ILS [Instrument Landing System] is a navigation system, used by aircraft to obtain guidance to a runway (performing a “runway approach” while attempting to land the aircraft) and includes the following three functions operating in tandem (working together): —...
Page 146 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Figure 5-6 ILS Localizer: 108.10 MHz w/ 90 Hz AM (Left), 150 Hz AM (Right) @ 20% Figure 5-7 ILS Glide Slope: 334.70 MHz w/ 90 Hz AM (Up), 150 Hz AM (Down) @ 40% Figure 5-8 ILS Marker Beacons: 75 MHz, Inner 3000 Hz, Middle 1300 Hz, Outer 400 Hz Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 147: To Set The Ils Localizer Mode To Produce A Full Or Partial Signal
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Figure 5-9 ILS Localizer Softkeys - Turns off the Left (90 Hz) and Right (150 Hz) - Sets a Carrier Frequency by selecting an Index from 1 to 40. ILS Localizer signals (Default: Index is 1 and corresponds to 108.10 MHz) - Turns on the Left (90 Hz) and Right (150 Hz)
Page 148: To Set The Ils Localizer Carrier Frequency
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys 3. Select either: OFF | NORM | Suppress Left | Suppress Right These softkeys allow selection of a complete or partial ILS Localizer signal and can set the ILS Localizer Mode to one of the following: —...
Page 149: To Set The Ils Localizer Left Frequency
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys 7=108.70 7=330.50 27=110.70 27=330.20 8=108.75 8=330.35 28=110.75 28=330.05 9=108.90 9=329.30 29=110.90 29=330.80 10=108.95 10=329.15 30=110.95 30=330.65 11=109.10 11=331.40 31=111.10 31=331.70 12=109.15 12=331.25 32=111.15 32=331.55 13=109.30 13=332.00 33=111.30 33=332.30 14=109.35 14=331.85 34=111.35 34=332.15 15=109.50 15=332.60 35=111.50...
Page 150: To Set The Ils Localizer Phase Of The Right Signal Relative To The Left
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys To set the ILS Localizer phase of the right signal relative to the left 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Localizer 2. Press Left/Right Phase (Default value is 0.00 deg.) 3.
Page 151 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys centerline signal and would have to Fly “Left” to bring the DDM value back to zero so that the aircraft is back in-line with the centerline of the runway. Figure 5-10 ILS Localizer @ 108.10 MHz w/ Aircraft In-Line, Fly Left, Fly Right Example: To correct if the left signal at 90 Hz is stronger at 0.2 DDM, the aircraft would have to be pointed Right with a DDM of 0.2.
Page 152: To Set The Ils Localizer Ddm Value
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Example: To correct if the right signal at 150 Hz is stronger at –0.2 DDM, the aircraft would have to be pointed Left with a DDM of –0.2 The following steps of key presses demonstrate the correction for Left: 1.
Page 153: To Set The Ils Localizer Ddm Value As A Percentage (%)
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys 4. Enter a value that is within the range of the current SDM value. Typically the SDM default value provides sufficient range for most applications. If SDM is set to 99%, then the full range (–958.1 to 958.1 μA) of DDM uA is available.
Page 154: To Set Or Return The Ils Localizer Parameters To A Default State
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys To set or return the ILS Localizer parameters to a default state This process returns the ILS Localizer parameters to a set of default state conditions. 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Localizer 2.
Page 155: Example Of Setting All Ils Localizer Parameters
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Example of Setting All ILS Localizer Parameters 1. Press Preset to place the signal generator in a known preset state. 2. Set the ILS Localizer carrier frequency. a. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Localizer b.
Page 156 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Localizer Softkeys If SDM is set to 99%, then the full range (-0.99 to 0.99) of DDM is available. The following demonstrates the limits of DDM’s range: (–SDM/100) to (SDM/100) As SDM’s value increases or decrease, so does DDM’s range. 8.
Page 157: Using Ils Glide Slope Softkeys
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys An ILS [Instrument Landing System] is a navigation system, used by aircraft to obtain guidance to a runway (performing a “runway approach” while attempting to land the aircraft) and includes the following three functions operating in tandem (working together): —...
Page 158 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Figure 5-11 ILS Localizer: 108.10 MHz w/ 90 Hz AM (Left), 150 Hz AM (Right) @ 20% Figure 5-12 ILS Glide Slope: 334.70 MHz w/ 90 Hz AM (Up), 150 Hz AM (Down) @ 40% Figure 5-13 ILS Marker Beacons: 75 MHz, Inner 3000 Hz, Middle 1300 Hz, Outer 400 Hz Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 159 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Figure 5-14 ILS Glide Slope Softkeys - Turns off the Up (90 Hz) and Down (150 Hz) - Sets a Carrier Frequency by selecting an Index from 1 to 40. ILS Glide Slope signals (Default: Index is 1 and corresponds to 334.70 MHz) - Turns on the Up (90 Hz) and Down (150 Hz)
Page 160: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Mode To Produce A Full Or Partial Signal
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set the ILS Glide Slope mode to produce a full or partial signal 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Glide Slope 2. Press ILS GS Mode (Default selection is OFF.) 3.
Page 161: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Up Frequency
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys 6=108.55 6=329.75 26=110.55 26=329.45 7=108.70 7=330.50 27=110.70 27=330.20 8=108.75 8=330.35 28=110.75 28=330.05 9=108.90 9=329.30 29=110.90 29=330.80 10=108.95 10=329.15 30=110.95 30=330.65 11=109.10 11=331.40 31=111.10 31=331.70 12=109.15 12=331.25 32=111.15 32=331.55 13=109.30 13=332.00 33=111.30 33=332.30 14=109.35 14=331.85...
Page 162: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Phase Of The Down Signal Relative To The Up
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set the ILS Glide Slope phase of the down signal relative to the up This process sets the phase of the Down (150 Hz) ILS Glide Slope signal relative to the Up (90 Hz) ILS Glide Slope signal. 1.
Page 163 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Figure 5-15 ILS Glide Slope @ 334.70 MHz w/ Aircraft In-Line, Fly Down, Fly Up Example: To correct if the upper tone at 90 Hz is stronger at 0.4 DDM, the aircraft would have to fly Down with a DDM of 0.4.
Page 164: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Ddm Value
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set the ILS Glide Slope DDM value This process sets a value for the “Difference in Depth of Modulation” (DDM). 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Glide Slope 2.
Page 165: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Ddm Value In Percentage (%)
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set the ILS Glide Slope DDM value in percentage (%) This process sets a value for the difference in depth of modulation (DDM) in %. DDM can be expressed either in terms of percentage (%) or as a modulation index.
Page 166: To Set Or Return The Ils Glide Slope Parameters To A Default State
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set or return the ILS Glide Slope parameters to a default state This process returns the ILS Glide Slope parameters to a set of default state conditions. 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Glide Slope 2.
Page 167: Example Of Setting All Ils Glide Slope Parameters
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Example of Setting All ILS Glide Slope Parameters 1. Press Preset to place the signal generator in a known preset state. 2. Set the ILS Glide Slope carrier frequency. a. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Glide Slope b.
Page 168 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys b. Enter a value that is within the range of the current SDM value. Typically the SDM default value provides sufficient range (–0.80 to 0.80) for most applications. If SDM is set to 99%, then the full range (-0.99 to 0.99) of DDM is available.
Page 169: Using Ils Marker Beacon Softkeys
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys An ILS [Instrument Landing System] is a navigation system, used by aircraft to obtain guidance to a runway (performing a “runway approach”) and includes the following three functions operating in tandem (working together): —...
Page 170: To Set The Ils Marker Beacon Mode To Off, Inner, Middle, Or Outer
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys When testing an ILS [Instrument Landing System], the following ILS Marker Beacon parameters can be set: ILS Marker Beacon Menu Parameters Default State Marker Beacon mode Carrier Freq Index 75.0 MHz Marker Freq 400 Hz Outer...
Page 171: To Set The Ils Marker Beacon Am Depth
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys 2. Press Carrier Freq Index (Default value is 17 and corresponds to 75.000 MHz.) 3. Select a value from 1 to 33 and press Enter. The default ILS Marker Beacon carrier frequency Index is 17 and corresponds to 75.000 MHz.
Page 172: To Set The Ils Marker Beacon Middle Marker Frequency
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys To set the ILS Marker Beacon middle marker frequency This process sets the frequency for the Middle Marker Beacon. 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > Marker Beacon 2. Press Marker Beacon 3.
Page 173: Example Of Setting All Ils Marker Beacon Parameters
Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys Example of Setting All ILS Marker Beacon Parameters 1. Press Preset to place the signal generator in a known preset state. 2. Set the ILS Marker Beacon mode to inner, middle, or outer mode. a.
Page 174 Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302) Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys c. Press Marker Freq d. (Optional) Select a <value> from 0 Hz to 10 MHz. 8. Set the modulation to on. a. Press MOD On and verify that the front panel LED is illuminated, indicating that it is on.
Page 175: Analog Modulation (Option Unt)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in...
Page 176: Analog Modulation Waveforms
Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Analog Modulation Waveforms Analog Modulation Waveforms The signal generator can modulate the RF carrier with four types of analog modulation: amplitude, frequency, phase, and pulse. For pulse modulation information, refer to Chapter 7, “Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320)”, on page 169.
Page 177 Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Analog Modulation Sources Figure 6-1 Analog Modulation Softkeys page 162 page 162 page 162 For details on each key, use key help page 40 as described on Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 178: Using An Internal Modulation Source
Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Using an Internal Modulation Source Using an Internal Modulation Source 1. Preset the signal generator. 2. Set the carrier (RF) frequency. 3. Set the RF amplitude. 4. Configure the modulation: ΦM FM/ Φ M FM/ Φ M FM/ Φ...
Page 179: Using An External Modulation Source
Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Using an External Modulation Source Using an External Modulation Source page 12 Rear panel inputs are described on AM, FM or ΦM inputs Removing an External Source DC Offset To eliminate an offset in an externally applied FM or ΦM signal, perform an external DC calibration (Ext DC Cal).
Page 180: Using Wideband Am
Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Using an External Modulation Source Using Wideband AM Wideband AM uses the I input of the I/Q modulation system. When the wideband AM is turned on, the I/Q is turned on and the I/Q source is set to external. If the I/Q is turned off or the I/Q source is set to internal, then the wideband AM turns off.
Page 181: Configuring The Lf Output (Option 303)
Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Configuring the LF Output (Option 303) Configuring the LF Output (Option 303) The signal generator has a low frequency (LF) output. The LF output’s source can be switched between an internal modulation source or an internal function generator. Using internal modulation (Int Monitor) as the LF output source, the LF output provides a replica of the signal from the internal source that is being used to modulate the RF output.
Page 182: Configuring The Lf Output With An Internal Modulation Source
Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Configuring the LF Output (Option 303) selects a DC voltage level as the LF output BNC source. LF Out Off On softkey controls the operating state of the LF output. However when the LF Int Monitor output source selection is , you have three ways of controlling the output.
Page 183: Configuring The Lf Output With A Function Generator Source
Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Configuring the LF Output (Option 303) Figure 6-3 Configure the LF Out Source with FM FM and LF annunciators indicate Frequency Modulation is the LF Out source FM as the LF Out Source LF Out using the Int Monitor source (default selection). For details on each key, use key help Configuring the LF Output with a Function Generator Source In this example, the function generator is the LF output source.
Page 184 Analog Modulation (Option UNT) Configuring the LF Output (Option 303) Figure 6-4 LF Out Status Display LF Out annunciator For details on each key, use key help page 40 as described on LF Out configuration Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 185: Pulse Modulation (Options Unw And 320)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in...
Page 186 Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Figure 7-1 Pulse Softkeys page 173 Note: Pulse Period and Pulse Width are page 173 not available when Pulse Train is selected as the Pulse Source. page 175 These softkeys are Low = settled only available when the Pulse–Source is Latency from the external set to Adjustable...
Page 187: Pulse Characteristics
Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Characteristics Pulse Characteristics When using very narrow pulses that are below the signal generator’s ALC pulse width specification, or leveled pulses with an unusually long duty cycle, it is often useful to turn ALC off (see page 102).
Page 188 Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Characteristics page 12 Rear panel inputs are described on External pulse input Figure 7-2 Adjustable Doublet External Trigger RF Output Puls Puls Delay Width The delay of the first pulse is measured from the leading edge of the external trigger signal. Puls Puls Delay...
Page 189: The Basic Procedure
Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) The Basic Procedure The Basic Procedure 1. Preset the signal generator. 2. Set the carrier (RF) frequency. 3. Set the RF amplitude. 4. Configure the modulation: a. Set the pulse source: Press Pulse > Pulse Source > selection b.
Page 190: Example
Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Example Example The following example uses the factory preset pulse source and delay. Output: A 2 GHz, 0 dBm carrier modulated by a 24 μs pulse that has a period of 100 μs. 1. Preset the signal generator. 2.
Page 191: Pulse Train (Options Unw And 320)
Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Train (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Train (Options UNW and 320) The Option 320 Pulse Train feature enables the specification of up to 2047 independent pulse cycles, each of which has an “On Time”, during which the RF output is measurable at the RF output connector, and an "Off Time", during which the RF output is attenuated.
Page 192 Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Train (Options UNW and 320) Figure 7-5 Edit Pulse Train Menu Softkeys page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on These softkeys provide Pulse > Pulse Source > More > Pulse Train > Edit Pulse Train ease of use in changing the pulse cycle settings in the pulse train.
Page 193 Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Train (Options UNW and 320) Figure 7-6 Display Pulse Train Menu Softkeys Pulse > Pulse Source > More > Pulse Train > Edit Pulse Train > Display Pulse Train This softkey shifts the time offset from the left hand side of the display to the one specified.
Page 194 Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Train (Options UNW and 320) Figure 7-7 Pulse Train: Import From Selected File Softkeys page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on Pulse > Pulse Source > More > Pulse Train > Edit Pulse Train > More page 60 These softkeys delete individual On Time or Off...
Page 195 Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Train (Options UNW and 320) Figure 7-8 Pulse Train: Export to File Softkeys Note: Files can be FTP’d to the BIN (Binary) folder in the instrument, or a USB page 61 Pulse > Pulse Source > More > Pulse Train > Edit Pulse Train > More stick can be used to download the files to the instrument.
Page 196 Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320) Pulse Train (Options UNW and 320) Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 197: Basic Digital Operation-No Bbg Option Installed
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Basic Digital Operation—No BBG Option Installed Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting power level and frequency, refer Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in that chapter.
Page 198: I/Q Modulation
Basic Digital Operation—No BBG Option Installed I/Q Modulation I/Q Modulation The following factors contribute to the error vector magnitude: — Differences in amplitude, phase, and delay between the I and Q channels — DC offsets The I/Q menu provides adjustments and calibration to compensate for some of the differences in the I and Q signals or to add impairments.
Page 199: Configuring The Front Panel Inputs
Basic Digital Operation—No BBG Option Installed I/Q Modulation Table 8-1 I/Q Adjustments Uses I/Q Adjustment Effect Impairment EVM error phase skew Quadrature Angle I/Q Images I/Q path delay Configuring the Front Panel Inputs The MXG/EXG accepts externally supplied analog I and Q signals through the front panel I Input and Q Input for modulating onto the carrier.
Page 200 Basic Digital Operation—No BBG Option Installed I/Q Modulation Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 201 Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting power level and frequency, refer Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in that chapter.
Page 202 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) — Waveform Licensing on page 276 See Also: — Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform on page 342 — Real–Time Phase Noise Impairment on page 350 — Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) on page 411 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 203: Waveform File Basics
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform File Basics Waveform File Basics There are two types of waveform files: — A segment is a waveform file that you download to the signal generator. For information on creating and downloading waveform files, refer to the Programming Guide. —...
Page 204 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform File Basics Figure 9-1 Dual ARB Softkeys If you set the ARB sample clock when the dual ARB is off, the new setting is applied when the dual ARB player is turned on; this setting survives toggling the Dual ARB player off and on.
Page 205: Storing, Loading, And Playing A Waveform Segment
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment he MXG/EXG’s ARB Waveform File Cache is limited to 128 files. Consequently, once the 128 file cache limit has been reached, the waveform switching speed will be much slower for additional files loaded into the volatile waveform memory (BBG).
Page 206: Storing/Renaming A Waveform Segment To Internal Or Usb Media
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment 3. If there is already a copy of this segment in the currently selected media and you do not want to overwrite it, rename the waveform segment before you load it (refer to the previous procedure).
Page 207 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment Annunciators display with active waveform (ARB On) Current waveform selection 5. Configure the RF Output: Set the RF carrier frequency and amplitude, and turn on the RF output. The waveform segment is now available at the signal generator’s RF Output connector.
Page 208: Waveform Sequences
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Sequences Waveform Sequences Figure 9-3 Waveform Sequence Softkeys Sequence name To display this softkey, select a waveform sequence. Mode > Dual ARB Sequence contents page 215 For details on each key, use key help page 40 as described on A waveform sequence is a file that contains pointers to one or more waveform segments or other waveform sequences, or both.
Page 209 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Sequences segment versus repeating a nested sequence. Each segment can repeat up to 65,535 times, but no matter how many times a segment repeats, it counts as a single segment. However each repetition of a nested sequence counts as additional segments. Segment 1 Sequence A 2 segments...
Page 210: Viewing The Contents Of A Sequence
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Sequences 3. Name and store the waveform sequence to the Seq file catalog: a. Press More > Name and Store. b. Enter a file name and press Enter. See also, “Viewing the Contents of a Sequence” on page 194 “Setting Marker Points in a Waveform Segment”...
Page 211: Playing A Sequence
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Sequences Assumption: A waveform sequence that has two different segments has been created and stored (see previous example on page 193). 1. Select the sequence: Press Mode > Dual ARB > More > Waveform Sequences > highlight the desired sequence > Edit Selected Waveform Sequence.
Page 212 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Sequences Annunciators display with active waveform (ARB On) Current waveform selection 2. Generate the waveform: Press ARB Off On to On. This plays the selected waveform sequence. During the waveform sequence generation, both the I/Q and ARB annunciators turn on, and the waveform modulates the RF carrier. 3.
Page 213: Saving A Waveform's Settings & Parameters
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters This section describes how to edit and save a file header. When you download only a waveform file (I/Q data, which the signal generator treats as a waveform segment), the signal generator automatically generates a file header and a marker file with the same name as the waveform file.
Page 214 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters All settings in this menu can be stored to thefile header Table 9-1 on page 198 lists all settings stored in a file header) Softkey label, file header setting The Runtime Scaling softkey is only available under the Dual ARB menu.
Page 215: Viewing And Modifying Header Information
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters Table 9-1 File Header Entries AWGN: State Indicated whether real–time noise is on (1) or off (0) (see page 341 AWGN: C/N Ratio Carrier to noise ration, in dB (see page 346 AWGN: Carrier BW Bandwidth over which the noise power is integrated, in Hz (see...
Page 216 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters If a setting is unspecified in the file header, the signal generator uses its current value for that setting when you select and play the waveform. Figure 9-5 Example File Header The name of the waveform file.
Page 217: Viewing & Editing A Header Without Selecting The Waveform
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters As shown in the following figure, the Current Inst. Settings column now reflects the changes to the current signal generator setup, but the saved header values have not changed. Values differ between the two columns e.
Page 218 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters Active catalog Active media Active waveform catalog Type: Catalogs that enable you to WFM1 = Volatile Segment view files in the active media. NVWFM = Non–Volatile Segment For details on selecting the page 58 SEQ = Sequence active media, see...
Page 219: Using Waveform Markers
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Using Waveform Markers The signal generator provides four waveform markers to mark specific points on a waveform segment. When the signal generator encounters an enabled marker, an auxiliary signal is routed to a rear panel event output that corresponds to the marker number.
Page 220: Waveform Marker Concepts
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Waveform Marker Concepts The signal generator’s Dual ARB provides four waveform markers for use on a waveform segment. You can set each marker’s polarity and marker points (on a single sample point or over a range of sample points).
Page 221 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers ALC Hold Marker Function While you can set a marker function (described as Marker Routing on the softkey label) either before or after you set marker points (page 210), setting a marker function before setting marker points may cause power spikes or loss of power at the RF output.
Page 222 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Example of Correct Use Waveform: 1022 points Marker range: 95–97 Marker polarity: Positive This example shows a marker set to sample the waveform’s area of highest amplitude. Note that the marker is set well before the waveform’s area of lowest amplitude.
Page 223 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Example of Incorrect Use Waveform: 1022 points Marker range: 110–1022 Marker polarity: Negative This figure shows that a negative polarity marker goes Marker low during the marker on points; the marker signal goes Marker On Marker On high during the off points.
Page 224: Accessing Marker Utilities
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Accessing Marker Utilities For details on each key, use key help Mode > Dual ARB > More > Marker Utilities page 40 as described on The settings in these menus can be stored to the file page 197 header, see Note: This is the...
Page 225: Viewing Waveform Segment Markers
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Viewing Waveform Segment Markers Markers are applied to waveform segments. Use the following steps to view the markers set for a segment (this example uses the factory–supplied segment, SINE_TEST_WFM). 1. In the second Arb menu (page 208), press Marker Utilities >...
Page 226: Setting Marker Points In A Waveform Segment
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers 3. Set the last marker point in the range that you want off to a value less than or equal to the number of points in the waveform, and greater than or equal to the value set in Step 2 (for this example, 17):...
Page 227 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers page 209 How to view markers is described on Placing a Marker on a Single Point On the First Point 1. In the second Arb menu (page 208), press Marker Utilities > Set Markers. 2.
Page 228: Viewing A Marker Pulse
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers 7. Enter the number of sample points that you want skipped (in this example, 1): Press # Skipped Points > 1 > Enter. 8. Press Apply To Waveform > Return. This causes the marker to occur on every other point (one sample point is skipped) within the marker point range, as shown at right.
Page 229 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers When marker 1 is present, the Keysight MXG/EXG outputs a signal through EVENT 1 as shown in the following example. Q OUT Marker pulse on the Event 1 signal. Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 230: Using The Rf Blanking Marker Function
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Using the RF Blanking Marker Function While you can set a marker function (described as Marker Routing on the softkey label in the Marker Utilities menu) either before or after setting the marker points (page 210), setting a marker function before you set marker points may change the RF output.
Page 231: Setting Marker Polarity
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Setting Marker Polarity Setting a negative marker polarity inverts the marker signal. 1. In second Arb menu (page 208), press Marker Utilities > Marker Polarity. 2. For each marker, set the marker polarity as desired. —...
Page 232 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Figure 9-6 Waveform Sequence Menus for Enabling/Disabling Segment Markers Mode > Dual ARB > More Note: This is the second Arb menu. Enable/Disable markers while creating a waveform sequence Edit a sequence to enable/disable markers For details on each key, use key help page 40...
Page 233 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Enabling and Disabling Markers in a Waveform Sequence Select the waveform segments within a waveform sequence to enable or disable each segment’s markers independently. You can enable or disable the markers either at the time of creating the sequence or after the sequence has been created and stored.
Page 234: Using The Event Output Signal As An Instrument Trigger
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Waveform Markers Using the EVENT Output Signal as an Instrument Trigger page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on One of the uses for the EVENT output signal (marker signal) is to trigger a The settings in this menu can be stored to the file measurement instrument.
Page 235: Triggering A Waveform
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Triggering a Waveform Triggering a Waveform Figure 9-7 Triggering Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB page 220 page 221 For details on each key, use key help page 40 as described on Triggers control data transmission by controlling when the signal generator transmits the modulating signal.
Page 236: Trigger Type
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Triggering a Waveform Trigger Type Type defines the trigger mode: how the waveform plays when triggered. Mode > Immediately triggers and plays the waveform; triggers Dual ARB > received while the waveform is playing are ignored. Trigger Type Plays the waveform when a trigger is received;...
Page 237: Trigger Source
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Triggering a Waveform — Segment Advance mode plays a segment in a sequence only if triggered. The trigger source controls segment–to–segment playing (see Example: Segment Advance Triggering on page 222). A trigger received during the last segment loops play to the first segment in the sequence. —...
Page 238: Example: Segment Advance Triggering
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Triggering a Waveform Example: Segment Advance Triggering Segment advance triggering enables you to control the segment playback within a waveform sequence. This type of triggering ignores the repetition value (page 194). For example if a segment has repetition value of 50 and you select Single as the segment advance triggering mode, the segment still plays only once.
Page 239: Example: Gated Triggering
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Triggering a Waveform Example: Gated Triggering Gated triggering enables you to define the on and off states of a modulating waveform. 1. Connect the output of a function generator to the signal generator’s rear panel PAT TRIG IN connector, as shown in the following figure.
Page 240 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Triggering a Waveform 8. (Optional) Monitor the waveform: Configure the oscilloscope to display both the output of the signal generator, and the external triggering signal. You will see the waveform modulating the output during the gate active periods (low in this example).
Page 241: Example: External Triggering
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Triggering a Waveform Example: External Triggering Use the following example to set the signal generator to output a modulated RF signal 100 milliseconds after a change in TTL state from low to high occurs at the PATT TRIG IN rear panel BNC connector 1.
Page 242: Clipping A Waveform
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform Clipping a Waveform Digitally modulated signals with high power peaks can cause intermodulation distortion, resulting in spectral regrowth that can interfere with signals in adjacent frequency bands. The clipping function enables you to reduce high power peaks by clipping the I and Q data to a selected percentage of its highest peak, thereby reducing spectral regrowth.
Page 243: How Power Peaks Develop
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform How Power Peaks Develop To see how clipping reduces high power peaks, it is important to understand how the peaks develop as you construct a signal. Multiple Channel Summing I/Q waveforms can be the summation of multiple channels, as shown in the following figure. If a bit in the same state (high or low) occurs simultaneously in several individual channel waveforms, an unusually high power peak (positive or negative) occurs in the summed waveform.
Page 244 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform Combining the I and Q Waveforms When the I and Q waveforms combine in the I/Q modulator to create an RF waveform, the magnitude of the RF envelope is , where the squaring of I and Q always results in a positive value.
Page 245: How Peaks Cause Spectral Regrowth
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform How Peaks Cause Spectral Regrowth In a waveform, high power peaks that occur infrequently cause the waveform to have a high peak– to–average power ratio, as illustrated in the following figure. Because the gain of a transmitter’s power amplifier is set to provide a specific average power, high peaks can cause the power amplifier to move toward saturation.
Page 246: How Clipping Reduces Peak-To-Average Power
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform How Clipping Reduces Peak–to–Average Power You can reduce peak–to–average power, and consequently spectral regrowth, by clipping the waveform. Clipping limits waveform power peaks by clipping the I and Q data to a selected percentage of its highest peak.
Page 247 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform Figure 9-10 Rectangular Clipping Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 248 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform Figure 9-11 Reduction of Peak–to–Average Power Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 249: Configuring Circular Clipping
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform Configuring Circular Clipping Use this example to configure circular clipping and observe its affect on the peak–to–average power ratio of a waveform. Circular clipping clips the composite I/Q data (I and Q data are clipped equally).
Page 250: Configuring Rectangular Clipping
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Clipping a Waveform Configuring Rectangular Clipping Use this example to configure rectangular clipping. Rectangular clipping clips the I and Q data independently. For more information about rectangular clipping, refer to “How Clipping Reduces Peak–to–Average Power” on page 230.
Page 251: Scaling A Waveform
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Scaling a Waveform Scaling a Waveform The signal generator uses an interpolation algorithm (sampling between the I/Q data points) when reconstructing a waveform. For common waveforms, this interpolation can cause overshoots, which may create a DAC over–range error condition. This chapter describes how DAC over–range errors occur and how you can use waveform scaling to eliminate these errors.
Page 252: How Dac Over-Range Errors Occur
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Scaling a Waveform How DAC Over–Range Errors Occur The signal generator uses an interpolator filter when it converts digital I and Q baseband waveforms to analog waveforms. Because the clock rate of the interpolator is four times that of the baseband clock, the interpolator calculates sample points between the incoming baseband samples and smooths...
Page 253: How Scaling Eliminates Dac Over-Range Errors
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Scaling a Waveform How Scaling Eliminates DAC Over–Range Errors Scaling reduces the amplitude of the baseband waveform while maintaining its basic shape and characteristics, such as peak–to–average power ratio. If the fast–rising baseband waveform is scaled enough to allow an adequate margin for the interpolator filter overshoot, the interpolator filter can calculate sample points that include the...
Page 254: Setting Waveform Runtime Scaling
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Scaling a Waveform Setting Waveform Runtime Scaling Runtime scaling scales the waveform data during playback; it does not affect the stored data. You can apply runtime scaling to either a segment or sequence, and set the scaling value either while the ARB is on or off.
Page 255: Setting Waveform Scaling
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Scaling a Waveform Setting Waveform Scaling Waveform scaling differs from waveform runtime scaling in that it permanently affects waveform data and only applies to waveform segments stored in BBG media. You scale the waveform either up or down as a percentage of the DAC full scale (100%).
Page 256 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Scaling a Waveform 4. Name the copy (this example uses the name MY_TEST_SCAL) and press Enter. Apply Scaling to the Copied Waveform File This type of scaling is non–reversible. Any data lost in the scaling operation cannot be restored.
Page 257: Setting The Baseband Frequency Offset
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset The baseband frequency offset specifies a value to shift the baseband frequency up to ±50 MHz within the BBG 100 MHz signal bandwidth, depending on the signal generator’s baseband generator option.
Page 258 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset Changing the baseband frequency offset may cause a DAC over range condition that generates error 628, Baseband Generator DAC over . The signal generator incorporates an automatic scaling feature to range minimize this occurrence.
Page 259: Dac Over-Range Conditions And Scaling
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset Modulated carrier with 20 MHz Modulated carrier with 0 Hz Modulated RF signal baseband frequency offset baseband frequency offset LO/carrier feedthrough Spectrum analyzer set to a span of 100 MHz DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling When using the baseband frequency offset (at a setting other than 0 Hz), it is possible to create a DAC over–range condition, which causes the Keysight MXG/EXG to generate an error.
Page 260 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset Figure 9-14 Dual ARB DAC Over–Range Protection Softkey Location When the DAC over–range protection is off, eliminate over–range conditions by “Setting decreasing the scaling value (see Waveform Runtime Scaling” on page 238 Default setting is On.
Page 261: I/Q Modulation
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) I/Q Modulation I/Q Modulation The following factors contribute to the error vector magnitude: — Differences in amplitude, phase, and delay between the I and Q channels — DC offsets The I/Q menu not only enables you to select the I/Q signal source and output, it also provides adjustments and calibrations to compensate for differences in the I and Q signals.
Page 262 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) I/Q Modulation Figure 9-15 I/Q Display and Softkeys This panel displays the current status and settings of the I/Q adjustments. Use the Page Up and Page Down keys to scroll through these This panel displays the current settings for the I/Q signal routing parameters.
Page 263: Using The Rear Panel I And Q Outputs
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) I/Q Modulation Using the Rear Panel I and Q Outputs The rear panel I and Q connectors only output a signal while using the internal BBG. In addition to modulating the carrier, the signal generator also routes the internally generated I and Q signals to the rear panel I and Q connectors.
Page 264: Configuring The Front Panel Inputs
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) I/Q Modulation Configuring the Front Panel Inputs The signal generator accepts externally supplied analog I and Q signals through the front panel I Input and Q Input. You can use the external signals as the modulating source, or sum the external signals with the internal baseband generator signals.
Page 265: I/Q Adjustments
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) I/Q Adjustments I/Q Adjustments Use the I/Q Adjustments to compensate for or add impairments to the I/Q signal. Adjusts the I signal amplitude relative to the Q signal amplitude. Use this as an internal The DC offset values are calibrated relative to impairment, or to compensate for differences in the RMS waveform voltage being played out of page 200...
Page 266: I/Q Calibration
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) I/Q Calibration Table 9-2 I/Q Adjustments Uses I/Q Adjustment Effect Impairment Offset Carrier feedthrough dc offset EVM error phase skew Quadrature Angle I/Q images I/Q path delay high sample rate phase I/Q Skew EVM error skew or I/Q path delay I/Q Gain Balance I/Q amplitude difference...
Page 267 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) I/Q Calibration DC optimizes the I/Q performance for the current instrument settings, and typically completes in several seconds. Changing any instrument setting after performing I/Q > I/Q Calibration a DC calibration voids the DC calibration and causes the signal generator to revert to the user calibration data (or factory-supplied calibration data, if no user calibration data exists)
Page 268: Using The Equalization Filter
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using the Equalization Filter Using the Equalization Filter An equalization FIR file can be created externally, uploaded via SCPI, and subsequently selected from the file system (refer to “Working with Files” on page 56). For information related to downloading FIR file coefficients, refer to the Programming Guide.
Page 269 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using the Equalization Filter Figure 9-16 Int Equalization Filter Softkeys For details on each key, use key help page 40 I/Q > More as described on Enables the internal equalization filter. Opens a file catalog of FIR filters to select as the equalization filter. Equalization filters are typically complex and must have an oversample ratio of 1.
Page 270: Using Finite Impulse Response (Fir) Filters In The Dual Arb Real-Time Modulation Filter
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Finite Impulse Response filters can be used to compress single carrier I/Q waveforms down to just the I/Q constellation points and then define the transitions similar to the modulation filter in Arb Custom (refer to “Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation”...
Page 271: Creating A User-Defined Fir Filter Using The Fir Table Editor
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Creating a User–Defined FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor In this procedure, you use the FIR Values table editor to create and store an 8–symbol, windowed sync function filter with an oversample ratio of 4.
Page 272 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter 4. Continue entering the coefficient values from the table in step 1 until all 16 values have been entered. Table 9-3 Coefficient Value Coefficient Value...
Page 273 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Setting the Oversample Ratio Modulation filters are real and have an oversample ratio (OSR) of two or greater. Equalization filters are typically complex and must have an OSR of one (refer to “Using the Equalization Filter”...
Page 274 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Figure 9-20 For details on each key, use key page 40 help as described on 2. Press Return. 3. Press Display Impulse Response. Refer to Figure 9-21.
Page 275 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Figure 9-22 These keys manage the table of DMOD files in internal storage. Catalog displays FIR files that have page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on been previously saved by the user.
Page 276: Modifying A Fir Filter Using The Fir Table Editor
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor FIR filters stored in signal generator memory can easily be modified using the FIR table editor. You can load the FIR table editor with coefficient values from user–defined FIR files stored in non–...
Page 277: Modifying The Coefficients
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Figure 9-24 For details on each key, use key page 40 help as described on 7. Press Return. Modifying the Coefficients 1. Using the front panel arrow keys, highlight coefficient 15. 2.
Page 278: Storing The Filter To Memory
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Storing the Filter to Memory The maximum file name length is 23 characters (alphanumeric and special characters). 1. Press Return > Return > Load/Store > Store To File. 2.
Page 279: Setting The Real-Time Modulation Filter
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Setting the Real-Time Modulation Filter Setting the Real-Time Modulation Filter The real-time modulation filter effectively compresses a single carrier I/Q waveform down to just the I/Q constellation points and then controls the transitions similar to the modulation filter in Arb Custom modulation.
Page 280 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Setting the Real-Time Modulation Filter — When you have a low rate waveform that could benefit from a higher OSR that does not make the waveform longer. The real-time modulation filter setup is one of the file header parameters (page 197), which means you can store this setup with the waveform.
Page 281: Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Available in the Dual ARB menu, this feature lets you set up a master/slave system of up to sixteen Keysight MXG/EXGs so that the baseband generators (BBG) synchronize the playing of waveforms. The system count includes one Keysight MXG/EXG to function as the master (see “Equipment Setup”...
Page 282: Understanding The Master/Slave System
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Figure 9-28 Multiple BBG Synchronization Front Panel Displays Mode > Dual ARB > Arb Setup > More > Multi-BBG Sync Setup Master Display and Available Softkeys Select Off, Master, or Slave This is a persistent setting that survives both preset and cycling the power.
Page 283 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization The delay value includes compensation for cables that have less than 1 ns of propagation delay between the EVENT 1 and PAT TRIG connectors (see Equipment Setup). The recommended cable is an Keysight BNC cable, part number 10502A.
Page 284: Equipment Setup
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Equipment Setup Figure 9-29 Multiple Baseband Synchronization Setup Note: To minimize synchronization delay, the Keysight BNC cable 10502A is the page 266 recommended cable for the rear panel daisy chain connections (see If not using the Trigger key, provide an external trigger source.
Page 285 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization The master signal generator allows the modifications of both the trigger type and the trigger source. a. Return to the Dual ARB menu (see page 265). b. Set the desired trigger type and source. c.
Page 286: Making Changes To The Multiple Synchronization Setup And Resynchronizing The Master/Slave System
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Making Changes to the Multiple Synchronization Setup and Resynchronizing the Master/Slave System If any changes are made to the master/slave parameters or a signal generator (slave unit) is added to the system, the system must be resynchronized even if In Sync appears in the Status portion of the display.
Page 287: Understanding Option 012 (Lo In/Out For Phase Coherency)
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization This section assumes that the previous section on Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization has been read and understood.
Page 288 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization — The phase coherency feature only applies to the Dual ARB modulation mode. — All cables from the splitter output to the instrument inputs should be of equal lengths. Table 9-5 Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) Equipment MIMO Configuration...
Page 289 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization 2x2 MIMO (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) Configuration For the 2x2 MIMO (LO In/Out for phase coherency) setup, the LO from the master MXG/EXG can be run through a power splitter and used as the LO input to both the master and the slave signal generators.
Page 290 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Figure 9-31 3x3 and 4x4 MIMO (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) Equipment Setup Note: A SMA flexible cable is recommended for the input to the 4–way splitter connections to the LO IN and LO OUT of the instruments with Option 012 (see page 271).
Page 291: Real-Time Applications
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Real-Time Applications Real-Time Applications The Keysight X-Series signal generators provide access to several real-time applications for signal creation. Figure 9-32 Real-Time Applications Softkeys page 187 page 360 page 360 page 348 page 411 page 350 page 219 Licensed Signal Studio applications are displayed here. Refer to www.keysight.com/find/signalstudio.
Page 292: Waveform Licensing
Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing Waveform Licensing Waveform licensing enables you to license waveforms that you generate and download from any Signal Studio application for unlimited playback in a signal generator. Each licensing option (221-229) allows you to permanently license up to five waveforms or (250-259) allows you to permanently license up to 50 waveforms of your choice (i.e.
Page 293 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing Waveform Licensing Softkeys Overview Figure 9-33 Waveform Licensing Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > More Note: Waveforms licensed with Option 2xx cannot be exchanged for other waveforms. Once a waveform is locked into a license slot, that license is permanent and cannot be revoked or replaced. This softkey is only available if there is an Option 2xx license installed on the instrument.
Page 294 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing Figure 9-34 Waveform Licensing Softkeys Note: Waveforms licensed with Option 2xx cannot be “exchanged”. Once a slot is locked, Mode > Dual ARB > More > that license for the waveform in the locked slot is permanent and cannot be revoked or Waveform Licensing >...
Page 295 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing Figure 9-35 Waveform Licensing Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > More > Waveform Licensing > Lock Waveform in Slot Press this softkey to confirm that you want to lock the waveform into the slot for permanent licensing.
Page 296 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing Table 9-6 Waveform Licensing Slot Status Messages Status Column Meaning Notes Locked MM/DD/YY The slot is locked and can no longer The waveform in this slot is licensed be modified. to this signal generator for unlimited playback.
Page 297 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing Example: Licensing a Signal Studio Waveform The following steps add a waveform file to a license slot and lock the slot for permanent playback. 1. Press Mode > Dual ARB > More > Waveform Utilities > Waveform Licensing The signal generator displays a catalog of files labeled: Catalog of BBG Segment Files in BBG Memory.
Page 298 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing 4. License the waveform: a. Press Lock Waveform in Slot. A warning is displayed: *** Waveform Lock Warning!!! ***. If necessary, verify you have selected the correct waveform you want for licensing by pressing Return. Figure 9-37 Waveform Lock Warning b.
Page 299 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing Waveform Licensing Warning Messages Figure 9-39 This standard warning is displayed every time a waveform is selected to be locked. This notification indicates that one of the available “license slots” is about to be used from Option 2xx.
Page 300 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657) Waveform Licensing Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 301: Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 10 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) This chapter provides information on the N5102A Baseband Studio Digital Signal Interface Module. These features are available only in N5172B/82B Vector Signal Generators with Options 003/004 and 653/655/656/657.
Page 302: Clock Timing
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing Clock Timing This section describes how clocking for the digital data is provided. Clock timing information and diagrams are supplied for the different port configurations (serial, parallel, or parallel interleaved data transmission) and phase and skew settings. All settings for the interface module are available on the signal generator user interface (UI).
Page 303 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing 1. The IF signal type is not available for a serial port configuration. Table 10-2 Warranted Parallel Input Level Clock Rates and Maximum Clock Rates Logic Type Warranted Level Clock Rates Maximum Clock Rates (typical) LVTTL and CMOS 100 MHz 150 MHz...
Page 304: Clock Source
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing Parallel and Parallel Interleaved Port Configuration Clock Rates Parallel and parallel interleaved port configurations have other limiting factors for the clock and sample rates: — logic type — Clocks per sample selection —...
Page 305: Common Frequency Reference
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing — Internal: generated internally in the interface module (requires an external reference) — External: generated externally through the Ext Clock In connector — Device: generated externally through the Device Interface connector The clock source is selected using the N5102A module UI on the signal generator, see Figure 10-2.
Page 306 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing Figure 10-3 Frequency Reference Setup Diagrams for the N5102A Module Clock Signal Internally Generated Clock Device (DUT) Supplied Clock NOTE: Use only one of the two signal generator frequency reference inputs. Externally Supplied Clock NOTE: Use only one of the two signal generator frequency reference inputs.
Page 307: Clock Timing For Parallel Data
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing Clock Timing for Parallel Data Some components require multiple clocks during a single sample period. (A sample period consists of an I and Q sample). For parallel data transmissions, you can select one, two, or four clocks per sample.
Page 308 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing 2 Clocks Per Sample Sample rate decreases by a factor of two 1 Sample Period 2 Clocks Clock I sample 4 bits per word Q sample 4 bits per word 4 Clocks Per Sample Sample rate decreases by a factor of four 1 Sample Period 4 Clocks...
Page 309: Clock Timing For Parallel Interleaved Data
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing Clock Timing for Parallel Interleaved Data The N5102A module provides the capability to interleave the digital I and Q samples. There are two choices for interleaving: — IQ, where the I sample is transmitted first —...
Page 310: Clock Timing For Serial Data
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing 2 Clocks Per Sample The I sample is transmitted for one clock period and the Q sample is transmitted during the second clock period; the sample rate decreases by a factor of two. 1 Sample Period 2 Clocks Clock...
Page 311: Clock Timing For Phase And Skew Adjustments
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing Figure 10-6 Clock Timing for a Serial Port Configuration 1 Sample Frame Marker Clock Data Bits 4 bits per word Clock Timing for Phase and Skew Adjustments The N5102A module provides phase and skew adjustments for the clock relative to the data and can be used to align the clock with the valid portion of the data.
Page 312 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Clock Timing Figure 10-7 Clock Phase and Skew Adjustments 90 degree phase adjustment Clock skew adjustment Phase and skew adjusted clock Phase adjusted clock Clock Data Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 313: Connecting The Clock Source And The Device Under Test
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test As shown in Figure 10-3 on page 290, there are numerous ways to provide a common frequency reference to the system components (signal generator, N5102A module, and the device under test).
Page 314 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test 3. Select the break-out board that has the output connector suited for the application. If the Device Interface mating connector is used with the device under test, refer to Figure 10-8 for the device interface connection and connect the...
Page 315: Data Types
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Data Types Data Types The following block diagram indicates where in the signal generation process the data is injected for input mode or tapped for output mode. Output Mode Output Mode Pre-FIR Samples Samples Signal Generator Data Generator...
Page 316: Operating The N5102A Module In Output Mode
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode This section shows how to set the parameters for the N5102A module using the signal generator UI in the output direction. Each procedure contains a figure that shows the softkey menu structure for the interface module function being performed.
Page 317: Choosing The Logic Type And Port Configuration
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode Press N5102A Interface to access the UI (first-level softkey menu shown in Figure 10-10) that is used to configure the digital signal interface module. Notice the graphic in the signal generator display, showing a setup where the N5102A module is generating its own internal clock signal.
Page 318: Selecting The Output Direction
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode From this menu, choose a logic type. Changing the logic type can increase or decrease the signal voltage level going to the device under test. To avoid damaging the device and/or the N5102A module, ensure that both are capable of handling the voltage change.
Page 319 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode Figure 10-12 Data Setup Menu Location Accesses the Data Setup menu This softkey menu accesses the various parameters that govern the data received by the device under test. The status area of the display shows the number of data lines used for both I and Q along with the clock position relative to the data.
Page 320 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode Figure 10-13 Data Setup Softkey Menu with Parallel Port Configuration Inactive for ARB formats Inactive for word size = 16 bits Inactive for a serial port configuration Available only while in output mode Frame polarity is active...
Page 321: Configuring The Clock Signal
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode 5. Select the numeric format required for the test. 6. Press the More (1 of 2) softkey. From this softkey menu, select the bit order, swap I and Q, select the polarity of the transmitted data, and access menus that provide data negation, scaling, gain, offset, and IQ rotation adjustments.
Page 322 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode From this softkey menu, set all of the clock parameters that synchronize the clocks between the N5102A module and the signal generator. You can also change the clock signal phase so the clock occurs during the valid portion of the data.
Page 323 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode This error is reported when the output FIFO is overflowing in the digital module. This error can be generated if an external clock or its reference is not set up properly, or if the internal VCO is unlocked.
Page 324 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode b. Press the Clock Rate softkey and enter the appropriate clock rate. Table 10-7 provides a quick view of the settings and connections associated with each clock source selection.
Page 325: Generating Digital Data
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode 11.Press the Clock Polarity Neg Pos softkey to Neg. This shifts the clock signal 180 degrees, so that the data starts during the negative clock transition. This has the same affect as selecting the 180 degree phase adjustment. 12.Make the clock polarity selection that is required for the device being tested.
Page 326: Operating The N5102A Module In Input Mode
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode This section shows how to set the parameters for the N5102A module using the signal generator UI in the input direction. Each procedure contains a figure that shows the softkey menu structure for the interface module function being performed.
Page 327: Selecting The Input Direction
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Selecting the Input Direction If both Option 003 (output mode) and Option 004 (input mode) are installed, you must select the input direction. Press Data Setup > Direction Input Output to Input and press Return. If only Option 004 is installed, the direction softkey will be unavailable and the mode will always be input.
Page 328: Configuring The Clock Signal
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode 2. Select the logic type required for the device being tested. A caution message is displayed whenever a change is made to the logic types, and a softkey selection appears asking for confirmation.
Page 329 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode clock rate under the clock setup menu. Digital module input FIFO underflow error; There are not enough samples being produced for the current clock rate. Verify that the digital module clock is set up properly. This error is reported when the digital module clock setup is not synchronized with the rate the samples are entering the digital module.
Page 330 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode From this menu, select the clock signal source. With each selection, the clock routing display in the signal generator clock setup menu will change to reflect the current clock source. This will be indicated by a change in the graphic.
Page 331 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Table 10-8 Clock Source Settings and Connectors Clock Softkeys N5102A Module Connection Source Reference Freq Ext Clock Device Clock Rate Frequency Interface External Device Internal 1. For the Internal selection, this sets the internal clock rate. For the External and Device selections, this tells the interface module the rate of the applied clock signal.
Page 332: Selecting The Data Parameters
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode 9. Press the Clock Polarity Neg Pos softkey to Neg. This shifts the clock signal 180 degrees, so that the data starts during the negative clock transition. This has the same affect as selecting the 180 degree phase adjustment. 10.Make the clock polarity selection that is required for the device being tested.
Page 333 Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Figure 10-22 Data Setup Softkey Menu with Parallel Port Configuration Inactive for a serial port configuration Only available when Data Type is Pre-FIR Samples Only available when the N5102A digital module is turned on and using input mode Frame polarity is active...
Page 334: Digital Data
Digital Signal Interface Module (Option 003/004) Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode From this menu, select how the binary values are represented. Selecting 2’s complement allows both positive and negative data values. Use the Offset Binary selection when components cannot process negative values. 5.
Page 335: Baseband Operating Mode-Primary, Bert, Or N5102A
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 11 Baseband Operating Mode—Primary, BERT, or N5102A Baseband Operating Mode is available on all Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators that have installed firmware version B.01.70 or later. This chapter describes the Baseband Operating Mode feature used by Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators.
Page 336: To Set The Baseband Operating Mode To Bert
Baseband Operating Mode—Primary, BERT, or N5102A To set the Baseband Operating Mode to BERT To set the Baseband Operating Mode to BERT In this mode, all installed and licensed signal generator features as well as all BERT features are fully supported, but N5102A features are not available. Figure 11-2 Changing to the BERT Baseband Operating Mode The BERT annunciator is displayed indicating that the...
Page 337: To Set The Baseband Operating Mode To N5102A
Baseband Operating Mode—Primary, BERT, or N5102A To set the Baseband Operating Mode to N5102A To set the Baseband Operating Mode to N5102A In this mode, all installed and licensed signal generator features as well as all N5102A features are fully supported, but BERT features are not available. Figure 11-3 Changing to the N5102A Baseband Operating Mode N5102A annunciator is displayed indicating that the...
Page 338: To Set The Baseband Operating Mode To Primary
Baseband Operating Mode—Primary, BERT, or N5102A To set the Baseband Operating Mode to Primary To set the Baseband Operating Mode to Primary In this mode, all installed and licensed signal generator features are fully supported, but BERT and N5102A features are not available. Figure 11-4 Changing to the Primary Baseband Operating Mode The Primary annunciator is NOT displayed and it overwrites...
Page 339: Bert (Option Un7)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 12 BERT (Option UN7) The bit error rate test (BERT) capability allows you to perform bit error rate (BER) analysis on digital communications equipment. This enables functional and parametric testing of receivers and components including sensitivity and selectivity.
Page 340: Bit Error Rate Tester-Option Un7
BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 The bit error rate test (BERT) capability allows you to perform bit error rate (BER) analysis on digital communications equipment. This enables functional and parametric testing of receivers and components including sensitivity and selectivity.
Page 341: Clock/Gate Delay Function
BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 Figure 12-2 — When the Clock Gate Off On softkey is set to Off: The clock signal in both “A” and “B” parts is effective and no gate function is required. Therefore, the bit error rate is measured using the clock and data signal in both “A”...
Page 342 BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 Figure 12-3 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 343: Clock Delay Function
BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 Clock Delay Function In this example, the clock delay function is off. Figure 12-4 shows the input of the internal error detector of UN7 through AUX I/O and indicates that the data is delayed from the clock. Figure 12-4 CH1: BER TEST OUT (pin 17 of AUX I/O connector) CH2: BER MEAS END (pin 15 of AUX I/O connector)
Page 344: Gate Delay Function In The Clock Mode
BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 Gate Delay Function in the Clock Mode To use this function, the clock must be set to continuous mode. In this example, the clock is used to delay the gate function. The clock of the internal error detector was gated by the gate signal which is delayed by two clocks.
Page 345: Triggering
BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 Triggering This section describes the operating principles of the triggering function for Option UN7. To see the signal flow of the triggering function refer to Figure 12-7. Figure 12-7 In this example, the triggering sequence is where you have an incoming data clock and data bit sequences, the trigger is active, and the BERT measurement begins.
Page 346 BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 In this example, synchronization occurs after receiving a trigger. The reference data is generated by stored data bits. If the BERT measurement accepts data bits immediately after receiving a trigger, set the trigger delay to On and the trigger delay count to a value corresponding to the data format.
Page 347: Data Processing
BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 In this example, the triggering sequence is where the trigger delay is active with a cycle count. The reference data is generated by stored data bits. If the BERT measurement accepts data bits immediately after receiving a trigger, set the trigger delay to On and the trigger delay count to a value corresponding to the data format.
Page 348: Repeat Measurements
BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 and the Spcl Pattern Ignore Off On softkey is set to On, then all of the consecutive 0’s or 1’s are ignored. Select either 0’s or 1’s as the data to ignore by using the Spcl Pattern 0’s 1’s softkey. The following figure shows an example of the special pattern ignore function.
Page 349: Testing Signal Definitions
BERT (Option UN7) Bit Error Rate Tester–Option UN7 Testing Signal Definitions The timing diagram <Keysight Red >Figure 12-13, “Testing Signal Definitions,” shows the relationships between a trigger event and the output signals at the BER MEAS END and BER TEST OUT connectors.
Page 350: Verifying Bert Operation
BERT (Option UN7) Verifying BERT Operation Verifying BERT Operation The following procedures verify the operation of the signal generator’s bit error rate test (BERT) function. The tests can be performed as part of a daily validation routine or can be used whenever you want to check the validity of your BERT measurements.
Page 351 BERT (Option UN7) Verifying BERT Operation Figure 12-15 BERT I/O Setup Softkeys page 334 Select PXB/BERT to enable BERT functionality. The highlighted BNC connectors in Figure 12-16 are used for different signals in the BERT capability mode. The BERT-specific configuration is shown here. The AUX I/O connector configuration is customizable for the applications/options being used.
Page 352: Measurement Setup Using Self-Test Mode
BERT (Option UN7) Verifying BERT Operation Measurement Setup Using Self-Test Mode The following steps set up the signal generator for the BERT measurement selt-test. 1. Refer to Figure 12-16 and make the following connections on the signal generator’s rear panel. —...
Page 353 BERT (Option UN7) Verifying BERT Operation The Total Bits will count to 10000 Bits (default setting) and the Error Bits should read 0 Bits. Figure 12-17. Figure 12-17 Self-Test Mode Results Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 354: Measurement Example Using Custom Digital Modulation (Requires Option 431)
BERT (Option UN7) Verifying BERT Operation Measurement Example Using Custom Digital Modulation (Requires Option 431) The following steps set up the signal generator for a BERT measurement using Custom Digital Modulation. 1. Refer to Figure 12-16 and make the following connections on the signal generator’s rear panel. —...
Page 355 BERT (Option UN7) Verifying BERT Operation Figure 12-18 Configuration Using Custom Digital Modulation BERT Verification 1. Press BERT Trigger to Immediate. Notice the cycle counter updating in the lower left-hand corner of the signal generator display. 2. Disconnect the cable connecting the DATA OUT to BER DATA IN connectors. Notice the No Data annunciator in the lower left corner of the display and the BER result is approximately 50%.
Page 356 BERT (Option UN7) Verifying BERT Operation Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 357: Real-Time Noise-Awgn (Option 403)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 13 Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403) Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in...
Page 358: Adding Real-Time Noise To A Dual Arb Waveform
Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403) Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform The procedures in this section that pertain specifically to adding Real– Time Noise (AWGN) to a waveform, are applicable to the Custom ARB, Multitone, and Two–Tone modulation standards too.
Page 359 Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403) Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform Figure 13-1 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN Softkeys For details on each key, use key help page 40 as described on This is the stand–alone Real– Time AWGN and the 2nd page of the Modulation Mode menu (see The state of the noise (on or off) is shown on the display.
Page 360 Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403) Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform Figure 13-2 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN - Power Control Mode Softkeys For details on each key, use key help Mode > Dual ARB > Arb Setup > page 40 Real-Time AWGN Setup as described on...
Page 361: Eb/No Adjustment Softkeys For Real Time I/Q Baseband Awgn
Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403) Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform Figure 13-3 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN - Noise Mux Menu Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > Arb Setup > Figure 13-6 on page 346 Real-Time AWGN Setup > More provides additional details on Enables diagnostic control of these settings.
Page 362 Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403) Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform Figure 13-5 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN - E Adjustment Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > Arb Setup > Real-Time AWGN Setup Figure 13-6 on page 346 provides additional details on these settings.
Page 363 Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403) Adding Real–Time Noise to a Dual ARB Waveform Carrier Bandwidth (CBW) is typically the occupied bandwidth of the carrier and the Noise Bandwidth is the flat noise bandwidth (NBW). The carrier now appears larger because of the added noise power.
Page 364: Using Real Time I/Q Baseband Awgn
Real–Time Noise—AWGN (Option 403) Using Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN Using Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN Figure 13-7 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN Softkeys For details on each key, use key help page 40 as described on Use the following steps to apply 10 MHz bandwidth noise to a 500 MHz, –10 dBm carrier. 1.
Page 365: Real-Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 14 Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432) Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in...
Page 366: Real-Time Phase Noise Impairment
Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432) Real–Time Phase Noise Impairment Real–Time Phase Noise Impairment This feature lets you degrade the phase noise performance of the signal generator by controlling two frequency points and an amplitude value. The signal generator adds this phase noise to the phase noise normally produced by the signal generator.
Page 367: Phase Noise Shape And Additive Phase Noise Impairments
Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432) Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments Keysight X-Series Phase Noise Plots Without Phase Noise Impairment −50 dBc/Hz −50 dBc/Hz The Keysight X-Series vector signal generator demonstrates a definitive shape to its phase noise plot.
Page 368 Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432) Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments Phase Noise Plots With Phase Noise Impairments −50 dBc/Hz −50 dBc/Hz Fl at mi d–freq uen cy o ffset cha racteristics (L mid) When turned on, this phase noise is added Resultant phase to the base phase noise of the signal noise plot...
Page 369: Understanding The Phase Noise Adjustments
Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432) Understanding the Phase Noise Adjustments Understanding the Phase Noise Adjustments The signal generator bases the resultant phase noise shape on three settings, Lmid (amplitude), f1 (start frequency), and f2 (stop frequency). The range for Lmid is coupled to f2, so as f2 increases in value, Lmid’s upper boundary decreases. If the current Lmid setting is too high for the new f2 setting, the signal generator changes the Lmid value and generates an error to alert you to the change.
Page 370: Dac Over-Range Conditions And Scaling
Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments (Option 432) DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling When using phase noise impairment, it is possible to create a DAC over–range condition, which causes the signal generator to generate an error. To minimize this condition with the phase noise impairment feature, the Keysight X-Series signal generator incorporates an automatic DAC over–...
Page 371: Real-Time Fading (Option 660)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 15 Real–Time Fading (Option 660) The feature described in this chapter is available only in Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators with Option 660 Upgrade Baseband Generator with Real-Time Capability.
Page 372: Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys
Real–Time Fading (Option 660) Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys This feature lets you open a menu to configure Real-Time Fading simulations. Figure 15-1 Real-Time Fading Softkeys - Turns off Fading Mode; do not route through the Fading path. - Turns on Fading Mode;...
Page 373: To Configure A Real-Time Fading Simulation
Real–Time Fading (Option 660) Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys To configure a Real-Time Fading simulation When configuring a Real-Time Fading simulation, perform the following steps: 1. Press Mode 2. Press Fading Mode (Default selection is Off.) 3. Select either: Off | On | Pass-Through —...
Page 374 Real–Time Fading (Option 660) Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 375: Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 16 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 3, “Basic Operation”, on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in...
Page 376: Custom Modulation
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation Custom Modulation For creating custom modulation, the signal generator offers two modes of operation: the ARB custom modulation mode and the real-time custom modulation mode. The ARB custom modulation mode has built-in modulation formats such as NADC or GSM and pre-defined modulation types such as BPSK and 16QAM that can be used to create a signal.
Page 377 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation Figure 16-1 ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Enables the current ARB custom modulation settings. page 187 page 391 This softkey changes, depending on the selected Available only when mode of modulation. page 365 Multicarrier is Off. page 241 page 275 page 362 page 411...
Page 378 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation Figure 16-2 Quick Setup Softkeys Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup This softkey label shows the currently selected modulation standard. page 384 page 363 page 394 page 364 Press Symbol Rate softkey and use numeric keypad to change value as required.
Page 379 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation Figure 16-3 Mod Type Softkeys Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single page 362 page 380 page 394 page 364 Sets the modulation depth for the Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). These symbol maps utilize Gray coded bit mapping. These symbol maps are consistent with the symbol maps in...
Page 380 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation Figure 16-4 Custom Modulation Formats and Applications Figure 16-5 Store Custom Dig Mod State Softkeys Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup > Store Custom Dig Mod State page 383 Catalog displays digital modulation (DMOD) files that have been previously saved.
Page 381 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation Figure 16-6 Real-Time Custom Modulation Softkeys page 187 page 360 Enables the current custom real-time page 275 modulation settings. page 366 page 411 Opens a menu from which you can set burst shape parameters. page 342 page 350 page 404 page 241 page 219 page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on...
Page 382 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation Figure 16-7 Modulation Setup Softkeys Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup This softkey label shows the currently selected page 367 page 394 page 369 Press Symbol Rate softkey and use numeric keypad to change value as required.
Page 383 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Custom Modulation Figure 16-8 Modulation Type Softkeys Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup page 366 page 385 page 386 page 394 page 368 These symbol maps utilize Gray coded bit mapping. These symbol maps are consistent with the symbol maps in the VSA software.
Page 384: Creating And Using Bit Files
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Creating and Using Bit Files Creating and Using Bit Files This procedure teaches you how to use the Bit File Editor to create, edit, and store user-defined files for data transmission within real time I/Q baseband generated modulation. For this example, a user file is defined within a custom digital communications format.
Page 385: Creating A User File
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Creating and Using Bit Files Creating a User File Accessing the Table Editor 1. Press Preset. 2. Press Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup > Data > User File > Create File. This opens the Bit File Editor. The Bit File Editor contains three columns: Offset, Binary Data, and Hex Data, as well as cursor position (Position) and file name (Name) indicators, as shown in the following figure.
Page 386: Renaming And Saving A User File
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Creating and Using Bit Files Figure 16-11 Entering Bit Values Enter these bit Cursor Position Hexadecimal values Indicator Data Renaming and Saving a User File In this example, you learn how to store a user file. If you have not created a user file, complete the steps in the previous section, “Creating a User File”...
Page 387: Recalling A User File
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Creating and Using Bit Files Recalling a User File In this example, you learn how to recall a user-defined data file from the memory catalog. If you have not created and stored a user-defined data file, complete the steps in the previous sections, “Creating a User File”...
Page 388: Applying Bit Errors To A User File
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Creating and Using Bit Files Inverting Bit Values 1. Press 1011. This inverts the bit values that are positioned 4C through 4F. Notice that hex data in this row has now changed to 76DB6DB6, as shown in the following figure. Figure 16-13 Inverting Bit Values Bits 4C through 4F are...
Page 389: Using Customized Burst Shape Curves
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Customized Burst Shape Curves Using Customized Burst Shape Curves You can adjust the shape of the rise time curve and the fall time curve using the Rise Shape and Fall Shape editors. Each editor allows you to enter up to 256 values, equidistant in time, to define the shape of the curve.
Page 390 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Customized Burst Shape Curves — the modulation type When the rise and fall delays equal 0, the burst shape is attempting to synchronize the maximum burst shape power to the beginning of the first valid symbol and the ending of the last valid symbol of the timeslot.
Page 391: Creating A User-Defined Burst Shape Curve
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Customized Burst Shape Curves Figure 16-14 Burst Shape Softkeys Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation page 40 For details on each key, use key help as described on Creating a User-Defined Burst Shape Curve Using this procedure, you learn how to enter rise shape sample values and mirror them as fall shape values to create a symmetrical burst curve.
Page 392 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Customized Burst Shape Curves Entering Sample Values Use the sample values in the following table. Rise Shape Editor Sample Value Sample Value 0.000000 0.830000 0.400000 0.900000 0.600000 1.000000 0.750000 1. Highlight the value (1.000000) for sample 1. 2.
Page 393: Storing A User-Defined Burst Shape Curve
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Customized Burst Shape Curves Display the Burst Shape Press Display Burst Shape. This displays a graphical representation of the waveform’s rise and fall characteristics, as shown in Figure 16-16. Figure 16-16 Burst Shape To return the burst to the default conditions, press the following keys: Return >...
Page 394 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Customized Burst Shape Curves 1. Press Preset. 2. Press Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Burst Shape > Burst Shape Type > User File. 3. Highlight the desired burst shape file (for example, NEWBURST). 4.
Page 395: Using The Arbitrary Waveform Generator
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator This section teaches you how to build dual arbitrary (ARB) waveform files containing custom digital modulation for testing component designs. Figure 16-17 Adding Custom Modulation to a Waveform Mode >...
Page 396: Creating A Custom Digital Modulation State
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator 2. Set the output amplitude to −5 dBm. 3. Press RF On/Off. The predefined EDGE signal is now available at the signal generator’s RF OUTPUT connector. Creating a Custom Digital Modulation State In this procedure, you learn how to set up a single–carrier NADC digital modulation with customized modulation type, symbol rate, and filtering.
Page 397 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 16-19 Modifying a Digital Modulation Type page 40 Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup > For details on each key, use key help as described on Modulation Type > Select These softkeys, open a menu to Note: This is the...
Page 398: Storing A Custom Digital Modulation State
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Selecting the Filter 1. In the Setup Mod menu (page 380), press Filter > Select > Nyquist. 2. Press Return > Return. Generating the Waveform Press Digital Modulation Off On. This generates a waveform with the custom, single–carrier NADC, digital modulation state created in the previous sections.
Page 399: Recalling A Custom Digital Modulation State
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 16-20 Storing a Custom Digital Modulation State Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup page 41 These keys manage the table of DMOD files in internal storage. Catalog displays DMOD files that have been previously saved by the user.
Page 400: Defining A Modulation
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator If you have not created and stored a user-defined, single–carrier, digital modulation state, complete the steps in the previous sections, Creating a Custom Digital Modulation State page 380 and Storing a Custom Digital Modulation State on page 382, then preset the signal generator to clear the stored user–defined, digital modulation waveform from volatile ARB memory.
Page 401 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Building an Asymmetric FSK Modulation with the FSK Table Editor You can use the FSK table editor to create customized asymmetric FSK modulation of up to 16 levels, then apply the custom FSK modulation to one of the modulation standards. An example of this capability is to create an interfering signal for adjacent channel selectivity testing of FLEXTM pagers.
Page 402 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 16-22 FSK Table Editor Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup > Modulation Type > Define User FSK For details on each key, use key page 40 help as described on Mapping I/Q Values with the I/Q Table Editor In most digital radio systems, the frequency of the carrier is fixed so only phase and magnitude need to be considered.
Page 403 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator By modulating the carrier to one of several predetermined positions in the I/Q plane, you can then transmit encoded information. Each position or state represents a certain bit pattern that can be decoded at the receiver.
Page 404 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 16-25 STAR QAM Diagram and Table Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 405 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 16-26 shows the X-Series setup and the I/Q display. Figure 16-26 Custom Modulation and I/Q Display Hints for Constructing Modulations — The map is limited to 16 total signal levels for I and Q combined. The readout on the right-hand side of the table tracks the number of I and Q levels utilized.
Page 406 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 16-28 16QAM I/Q Map with Even and Uneven Levels Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 407: Creating A Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Creating a Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State In this procedure, you learn how to customize a predefined, multicarrier, digital modulation setup by creating a custom, 3–carrier EDGE, digital modulation state. This section teaches you how to perform the following tasks: —...
Page 408 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Creating a Multicarrier Digital Modulation Setup 1. Press Preset. 2. Press Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Multicarrier Off On to On. 3. Press Multicarrier Setup > Select Carrier and Initialize Table > Carrier Setup > EDGE > Done. Modifying Carrier Frequency Offset 1.
Page 409: Storing A Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Storing a Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State Using this procedure, you learn how to store a custom, multicarrier, digital modulation state to non–volatile memory. If you have not created a custom, multicarrier, digital modulation state, complete the steps in the previous section, “Creating a Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State”...
Page 410: Using Finite Impulse Response (Fir) Filters With Custom Modulation
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Finite Impulse Response filters can be used to refine the transitions between symbol decision points of the generated waveforms. Figure 16-31 Filter Menu Mode >...
Page 411 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation The NADC and TETRA standards specify an alpha of 0.35. PDC and PHS standards specify an alpha of 0.50. For each of these standards, the Keysight X-Series signal generator provides a root Nyquist filter with the designated alphas as the default premodulation filter.
Page 412: Creating A User-Defined Fir Filter Using The Fir Table Editor
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation To change the filter Bbt, press Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup > Filter > Select Gaussian > Filter Bbt. Enter a new value between 0.1 and 1. Creating a User–Defined FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor In this procedure, you use the FIR Values table editor to create and store an 8–symbol, windowed sync function filter with an oversample ratio of 4.
Page 413 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation 3. Use the numeric keypad to type the first value (−0.000076) from Table 16-1. As you press the numeric keys, the numbers are displayed in the active entry area. (If you make a mistake, you can correct it using the backspace key.) 4.
Page 414 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Duplicating the First 16 Coefficients Using Mirror Table In a windowed sinc function filter, the second half of the coefficients are identical to the first half in reverse order.
Page 415 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Figure 16-35 For details on each key, use key page 40 help as described on 2. Press Return. 3. Press Display Impulse Response. Refer to Figure 16-36. Figure 16-36 For details on each key, use key page 40...
Page 416 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Figure 16-37 These keys manage the table of DMOD files in internal storage. page 40 Catalog displays FIR files that have For details on each key, use key help as described on been previously saved by the user.
Page 417: Modifying A Fir Filter Using The Fir Table Editor
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor FIR filters stored in signal generator memory can easily be modified using the FIR table editor. You can load the FIR table editor with coefficient values from user–defined FIR files stored in non–...
Page 418: Modifying The Coefficients
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor 5. Press Filter Symbols > 8 > Enter. 6. Press Generate. The actual oversample ratio during modulation is automatically selected by the instrument. A value between 4 and 16 is chosen dependent on the symbol rate, the number of bits per symbol of the modulation type, and the number of symbols.
Page 419: Storing The Filter To Memory
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor 5. Highlight coefficient 15. 6. Press 1 > Enter. Storing the Filter to Memory The maximum file name length is 23 characters (alphanumeric and special characters). 1.
Page 420: Differential Encoding
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Differential Encoding Differential Encoding Differential encoding is a digital–encoding technique whereby a binary value is denoted by a signal change rather than a particular signal state. Using differential encoding, binary data in any user– defined I/Q or FSK modulation can be encoded during the modulation process via symbol table offsets defined in the Differential State Map.
Page 421 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Differential Encoding Entering a value of +1 will cause a 1–state forward transition through the I/Q State Map, as shown in the following illustration. The following I/Q State Map illustrations show all of the possible state transitions using a particular symbol table offset value.
Page 422 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Differential Encoding These symbol table offsets will result in one of the transitions, as shown. Data Value 00000001 Data Value 00000000 with Symbol Table Offset –1 with Symbol Table Offset +1 transition 1 state backward transition 1 state forward Data Value 00000010 Data Value 00000011...
Page 423: Using Differential Encoding
Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Differential Encoding When applied to the user–defined default 4QAM I/Q map, starting from the 1st symbol (data 00), the differential encoding transitions for the data stream (in 2–bit symbols) 0011100001 appear in the following illustration. 1st Symbol 5th Symbol 3rd Symbol...
Page 424 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Differential Encoding Press Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup > Quick Setup (desired format) > Modulation Type > Select > More > Define User I/Q > More 1 of 2 > Load Default I/Q Map > QAM >...
Page 425 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Differential Encoding This encodes the first symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 1. The symbol rotates forward through the state map by 1 value when a data value of 0 is modulated. 2. Press +/– > 1 > Enter. This encodes the second symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 1.
Page 426 Custom Digital Modulation (Option 431) Differential Encoding Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 427: Multitone And Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 17 Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Before using this information, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Basic Operation on page 39 and familiarize yourself with the information in that chapter.
Page 428: Creating A Custom Two-Tone Waveform
Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Creating a Custom Two–Tone Waveform Creating a Custom Two–Tone Waveform Using the Two-Tone menu, you can define, and modify user–defined Two–Tone waveforms. Two– Tone waveforms are generated by the dual arbitrary waveform generator. The section Using Two–Tone Modulation on page 413 teaches you how to perform the following tasks:...
Page 429: Using Two-Tone Modulation
Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Two–Tone Modulation Using Two–Tone Modulation In the following sections, this chapter describes the two–tone mode, which is available only in Keysight X-Series vector signal generators with Option 430: — Creating a Two–Tone Waveform on page 414 —...
Page 430: Creating A Two-Tone Waveform
Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Two–Tone Modulation Creating a Two–Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to create a basic, centered, two–tone waveform. 1. Preset the signal generator. 2. Set the signal generator RF output frequency to 6 GHz. 3.
Page 431: Minimizing Carrier Feedthrough
Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Two–Tone Modulation 7. Set the attenuation to 4 dB, so you’re not overdriving the input mixer on the spectrum analyzer. You should now see a two–tone waveform with a 6 GHz center carrier frequency that is similar to the one shown in Figure 17-2 on page 415.
Page 432: Changing The Alignment Of A Two-Tone Waveform
Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Two–Tone Modulation 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you have reached the lowest possible carrier feedthrough level. 6. On the spectrum analyzer, return the resolution bandwidth to its previous setting. 7. Turn on waveform averaging. 8.
Page 433 Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Two–Tone Modulation Whenever a change is made to a setting while the two–tone generator is operating (Two Tone Off On set to On), you must apply the change by pressing the Apply Settings softkey before the updated waveform will be generated.
Page 434: Using Multitone Modulation
Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Multitone Modulation Using Multitone Modulation Multitone Modulation Softkeys This softkey is active if changes have been made to the current Multitone waveform in the table editor. The softkey must be pressed to apply those changes. page 418 page 419 page 420...
Page 435: Configuring Tone Powers And Tone Phases
Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Multitone Modulation Figure 17-5 The Random Seed softkey that affects the Multitone’s phase values is not used in the following examples and is shown page 40 for reference, only. For details on each key, use key help as described on 5.
Page 436: Applying Changes To An Active Multitone Signal
Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Multitone Modulation 2. Set the output amplitude to 0 dBm. 3. Press RF On/Off. The multitone waveform is now available at the signal generator’s RF OUTPUT connector. Applying Changes to an Active Multitone Signal If the multitone generator is currently in use (Multitone Off On set to On) while changes are made in the Multitone Setup table editor, you must apply the changes before the updated waveform will be generated.
Page 437 Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Multitone Modulation Recalling a Multitone Waveform Using this procedure, you learn how to recall a multitone waveform from the signal generator’s memory catalog. If you have not created and stored a multitone waveform, complete the steps in the previous sections, Creating a Custom Multitone Waveform on page 412 and...
Page 438 Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms (Option 430) Using Multitone Modulation Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 439: Troubleshooting
Pressing Preset Performs a User Preset — Error Messages on page 431 — Front Panel Tests on page 432 — Self Test Overview on page 432 — Licenses on page 434 — Contacting Keysight Technologies on page 435 — Returning a Signal Generator to Keysight...
Page 440: Display
Troubleshooting Display Display The Display is Too Dark to Read Brightness may be set to minimum. Use the figure in “Display Settings” on page 27 to locate the brightness softkey and adjust the value so that you can see the display. The Display Turns Black when Using USB Media Removing the USB media when the instrument begins to use it can cause the screen to go black.
Page 441: Rf Output
If the power supply does not work, it requires repair or replacement. If you are unable to service the instrument, send the signal generator to an Keysight service center for repair (see “Contacting Keysight Technologies” on page 435). No Modulation at the RF Output Check both the Mod On/Off LED and the <modulation>...
Page 442: Signal Loss While Working With A Spectrum Analyzer
Troubleshooting RF Output Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer To avoid damaging or degrading the performance of the signal generator, do not exceed 33 dBm (2W) of reverse power levels at the RF maximum input. See also Tips for Preventing Signal Generator Damage www.keysight.com The effects of reverse power can cause problems with the RF output when you use the signal generator with a spectrum analyzer that does not have preselection.
Page 443: Signal Loss While Working With A Mixer
Troubleshooting RF Output Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer To avoid damaging or degrading the performance of the signal generator, do not exceed 33 dBm (2W) of reverse power levels at the RF maximum input. See also Tips for Preventing Signal Generator Damage www.keysight.com To fix signal loss at the signal generator’s RF output during low–amplitude coupled operation with a mixer, add attenuation and increase the RF output amplitude.
Page 444 Troubleshooting RF Output The solution at right shows a similar configuration with the Reverse Power Solution addition of a 10 dB attenuator connected between the RF output Signal Generator Output Control of the signal generator and the input of the mixer. The signal ALC Level/ Output Mixer...
Page 445: Sweep
Troubleshooting Sweep Sweep Cannot Turn Off Sweep Press Sweep > Sweep > Off. Sweep Appears Stalled The current status of the sweep is indicated as a shaded rectangle in the progress bar (see “Configuring a Swept Output” on page 46). If the sweep appears to stall, check the following: 1.
Page 446: Amplitude Does Not Change In List Or Step Sweep
Troubleshooting Internal Media Data Storage Amplitude Does Not Change in List or Step Sweep Verify that sweep type is set to amplitude (Amptd); the amplitude does not change when the sweep type is set to frequency (Freq) or waveform. Internal Media Data Storage Instrument State Saved but the Register is Empty or Contains the Wrong State If the register number you intended to use is empty or contains the wrong instrument state, recall...
Page 447: Error Messages
Troubleshooting Error Messages Error Messages Error Message Types Events do not generate more than one type of error. For example, an event that generates a query error does not generate a device–specific, execution, or command error. Query Errors (–499 to –400) indicate that the instrument’s output queue control has detected a problem with the message exchange protocol described in IEEE 488.2, Chapter 6.
Page 448: Front Panel Tests
Troubleshooting Front Panel Tests Front Panel Tests Set all display pixels to the selected color. To return to normal operation, press any key. Blink RF On/Off, Mod on/Off, and More LEDs Displays a keyboard map. As you press a key, the map indicates the key location.
Page 449: Self Test Overview
Troubleshooting Self Test Overview Utility > Instrument Info Automatically runs diagnostic self test. Self Test Summary displays current status. Opens a table in which user selects specific tests and view details in Test Editor display. Displays detailed information of highlighted page 40 test.
Page 450: Licenses
Troubleshooting Licenses Licenses A Time–Based License Quits Working — The instrument’s time or date may have been reset forward causing the time–based license to expire. — The instrument’s time or date may have been reset backward more than approximately 25 hours, causing the instrument to ignore time–based licenses.
Page 451: Contacting Keysight Technologies
Returning a Signal Generator to Keysight Use the following steps to return a signal generator to Keysight Technologies for servicing: 1. Gather as much information as possible regarding the signal generator’s problem. 2. Call the phone number listed on the Internet (http://www.keysight.com/find/assist) that is specific to your geographic location.
Page 452 Troubleshooting Contacting Keysight Technologies Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 453: Working In A Secure Environment
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 19 Working in a Secure Environment If you are using the instrument in a secure environment, you may need details of how to clear or sanitize its memory, in compliance with published security standards of the United States Department of Defense, or other similar authorities.
Page 454: Using Secure Display (Option 006)
Working in a Secure Environment Using Secure Display (Option 006) Using Secure Display (Option 006) This function prevents unauthorized personnel from reading the instrument display or tampering with the current configuration via the front panel. When Secure Display is active, the display is blank, except for an advisory message, as shown in Figure 19-1 below.
Page 455: Using Restricted Display
Working in a Secure Environment Using Restricted Display Using Restricted Display While in restricted display mode, all frequency information is hidden and the front panel frequency control is disabled. To set Restricted Display, perform the following key presses: Utility > Display > More > Activate Restricted Display > Confirm Restricted Display. Once Restricted Display has been activated, an instrument preset or power cycle is required to re-enable the front panel frequency control.
Page 456 Working in a Secure Environment Using Restricted Display Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 457 Glossary Active Entry The currently selected, and therefore editable, entry or parameter ARB Arbitrary waveform generator Avionics Avionics is a term used to describe the electronic instrumentation on aircraft. AWG Arbitrary waveform generator. Additive white Gaussian noise BBG Media Baseband generator media. Volatile memory, where waveform files are played or edited.
Page 458 Gaussian filter The Gaussian filter does not have a zero Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI). Wireless system architects must decide just how much of the ISI can be tolerated in a system and combine that with noise and interference. The Gaussian filter is Gaussian shaped in both the time and frequency domains, and it does not ring like the root Nyquist filters do.
Page 459 Nyquist filter Also referred to as a cosine filter. These filters have the property that their impulse response rings at the symbol rate. Adjacent symbols do not interfere with each other at the symbol times because the response equals zero at all symbol times except the center (desired) one. Persistent That which is unaffected by preset, user preset, or power cycle.
Page 460 User FIR Selects a user-defined set of coefficient values. Each line in the FIR values table contains one coefficient value. The number of coefficient values listed must be a multiple of the selected oversampling ratio. Each coefficient applies to both I and Q components. Volatile That which does not survive a power cycle (such as files stored in BBG media).
Page 461 Index Symbols 8-Lvl FSK softkey reference setting troubleshooting sweep ΦM AMPTD hardkey annunciator analog modulation dc offset, removing configuring AC power receptacle hardkey angle, quadrature softkeys annunciators Activate Secure Display # points softkey APCO 25 w/C4FM softkey softkey # Skipped Points softkey active APCO 25 w/CQPSK entry...
Page 462 Index Auxiliary Software Options routing Carrier Softkey softkey Segments softkey Avionics BBG sync Carrier to Noise softkey definition configure setup Avionics (VOR/ILS) equipment setup Carrier+Noise softkey Option 302 resynchronization Avionics Softkey Menus system Catalog Type softkey system delay AWGN trigger setup catalog, state files adding annunciator...
Page 463 Index component test crossover cable default settings Config Type softkey custom restoring Configure softkeys multicarrier TDMA waveforms system, restoring Cal Array creating Default softkey List Sweep delay TDMA digital modulation Step Array custom arb Step Sweep multiple BBG sync Custom ARB softkeys Confirm Load From File Delete softkeys softkey...
Page 464 Index two tone dwell time digital modulation type Dwell Type softkey EVM error modifying dwell, troubleshooting example digital operation Dynamic DNS Naming Waveform license, Opt 25x Digital Signal Interface Module softkey adding a waveform Option 003 or 004 Dynamic Hostname Services locking a slot digital signal interface module softkey...
Page 465 Index creating firmware fundamental operation See editing upgrading basic operation example First Mkr Point softkey viewing a different file First Sample Point softkey files Fixed softkey catalog. See data storage flat bandwidth Gated softkey extensions flatness correction. See user gated triggering working with flatness correction Gaussian...
Page 466 Index signal, aligning softkey Services Setup softkey softkey setup Int Equalization Filter softkeys Setup softkey softkeys waveform, clipping Last Mkr Point softkey int media ideal low-pass filter. See Last softkey Int Phase Polarity softkey rectangular filter LEDs interface blink test GPIB ILS Glide Slope 334.70 MHz w/ front panel...
Page 467 Index Cal Array From Step Array Mod Type Softkeys multicarrier TDMA waveforms From Selected File creating Load/Store Mode hardkey multicarrier, Default softkey. Segment From Int Media See quick setup, Default Segment From USB Mode key softkey, settings Media mode, modulation multiplier, using Store modes of operation...
Page 468 Index noise bandwidth factor resource Zero Sensor Noise Bandwidth softkey PM Config softkeys Noise Mux softkeys Connection Type Noise softkey PM VXI-11 Device Name non-harmonics Options 250-259 Power Meter IP Address non-volatile memory Options Info softkey Power Meter IP Port non-volatile, definition oscillator, external Point Trigger softkey...
Page 469 Index using softkeys reference oscillator tune, Preset softkeys internal Language reference oscillator, I/Q Baseband AWGN List external softkeys Preset reference, using modulation filter Prev REG softkey references, content of modulation filter, setting Prev SEQ softkey regrowth, spectral noise Proceed With Reconfiguration remote interface, emulate HP phase noise softkey...
Page 470 Index roort Segment Advance softkey skew, I/Q root cosine filter. See root segment advance Sockets SCPI softkey nyquist filter triggering sockets, enabling root mean square segments Softkeys Root Nyquist Filter advance triggering softkeys definition file headers definition of root nyquist filter loading help on definition...
Page 471 Index out signal Trigger softkeys user softkeys & Run documentation content step Doublet files, backup and restore troubleshooting flatness correction waveform, including Out Polarity preset SWEEP hardkey Source preset, troubleshooting Sweep softkeys Triggered user files swept output Type modifying switch, power Triggered softkey user files, data SWMAN annunciator...
Page 472 Index backup warning file missing warning license status messages licensing, installing licensing, understanding licensing, warning messages lock warning replacing a waveform status messages using waveform licensing softkeys Waveform softkeys Licenses Runtime Scaling Segments Sequences Utilities Waveform waveforms clipping file headers from digital baseband waveform in a sweep...
Page 473 This information is subject to change without notice. © Keysight Technologies 2012-2018 Edition 1, August 2018 N5180-90056 www.keysight.com...

This manual is also suitable for:

N5173b exg N5183b mxg N5172b exg N5181b mxg N5182b mxg

Keysight Technologies N5171B EXG User Manual

Signal Generator Overview

Contents

Preferences & Enabling Options

Basic Operation

Optimize Performance

Contents

Avionics VOR/ILS (Option 302)

Analog Modulation (Option UNT)

Pulse Modulation (Options UNW and 320)

Basic Digital Operation-No BBG Option Installed

Contents

9 Basic Digital Operation (Option 653/655/656/657)

Waveform File Basics

Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment

Waveform Sequences

Saving a Waveform's Settings & Parameters

Using Waveform Markers

Triggering a Waveform

Clipping a Waveform

Scaling a Waveform

Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset

Quick Links

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Summary of Contents for Keysight Technologies N5171B EXG