Page 1 Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide...
Page 2 COVERING THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH government requirements THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY beyond those set forth in the © Keysight Technologies, Inc. TERMS IN THE SEPARATE EULA shall apply, except to the 2012-2018 AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL. extent that those terms, rights, or...
Page 3 Where to Find the Latest Information Documentation is updated periodically. For the latest information about these products, including instrument software upgrades, application information, and product information, browse to one of the following URLs, according to the name of your product: http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG To receive the latest updates by email, subscribe to Keysight Email Updates at the following URL: http://www.keysight.com/find/MyKeysight...
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Contents Table of Contents 1. Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Models of EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators ..........2 RF Analog Models .
Page 6 Contents 5. Error Message Area ..............22 6.
Page 7 Contents How to Upgrade Firmware ..............43 How to Set Remote Operation Preferences .
Page 8 Contents Reading Error Messages............... 84 Error Message Format.
Page 9 Contents Configuring the Front Panel Inputs............149 8.
Page 10 Contents DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling ........... . 209 Using I/Q Modulation .
Page 11 Contents Recalling a User-Defined Burst Shape Curve..........274 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator.
Page 12 Contents 12. Using Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments for N5172B/82B with Option 432 and 653/655/656/657 Using Real-Time Phase Noise Impairment Softkeys ..........332 Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments .
Page 13 Contents To set the ILS Glide Slope up frequency ............382 To set the ILS Glide Slope down frequency .
Page 14 Contents Clock Timing for Parallel Data ............. 425 Clock Timing for Parallel Interleaved Data .
Page 15 Contacting Keysight Technologies ........
Page 16 Contents Keysight EXG and MXG Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 17 Documentation Overview — Safety Information Getting Started Guide — Receiving the Instrument — Environmental & Electrical Requirements — Basic Setup — Accessories — Operation Verification — Regulatory Information — Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models User’s Guide — Setting Preferences &...
Page 18 — SCPI Basics for “All Models” SCPI Reference — Basic Function Commands for “All Models” — System Commands for “All Models” — Analog Modulation Commands for “All Models” w/ Option UNT, UNU, UNW, 320 — Avionics VOR/ILS Commands for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B w/ Option 302 —...
Page 19: Models, Options, And Front/Rear Panels For All Models
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models To avoid damaging or degrading the performance of the instrument, do not exceed 33 dBm (2 W) (27 dBm (0.5 W) for N5173B/83B) of maximum reverse power levels at the RF input.
Page 20: Models Of Exg And Mxg X-Series Signal Generators
This section describes the models available for Keysight N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG X-Series signal generators. For additional details on hardware, firmware, software, and documentation, refer to the Data Sheet; Data Sheets are also available from the Keysight Technologies website at http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG. RF Analog Models —...
Page 21: N5171B/N5181B Rf Analog Signal Generators, Options And Features
This section describes the options and features available for Keysight N5171B/N5181B RF Analog signal generators. For additional details on hardware, firmware, software, and documentation, refer to the Data Sheet; Data Sheets are also available from the Keysight Technologies website at http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG. Analog Modulation —...
Page 22: General Performance Features
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5171B/N5181B RF Analog Signal Generators, Options and Features General Performance Features — N5171B/81B Electronic Step Attenuator — 0 to 130 dB in 5 dB steps — This electronic step attenuator is built-in and is not an option. —...
Page 23 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5171B/N5181B RF Analog Signal Generators, Options and Features — N5171B/81B-006 Instrument Security and Removable Memory Card — 8 GB of removable memory — Removable storage for generator files — Several levels of security including disabling USB ports —...
Page 24: N5172B/N5182B Rf Vector Signal Generators, Options And Features
This section describes the options and features available for Keysight N5172B/N5182B RF Vector signal generators. For additional details on hardware, firmware, software, and documentation, refer to the Data Sheet; Data Sheets are also available from the Keysight Technologies website at http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG. Analog Modulation —...
Page 25: General Performance Features
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5172B/N5182B RF Vector Signal Generators, Options and Features General Performance Features — N5172B/82B Electronic Step Attenuator — 0 to 130 dB in 5 dB steps — This electronic step attenuator is built-in and is not an option. —...
Page 26: Vector Features
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5172B/N5182B RF Vector Signal Generators, Options and Features — Read/write speeds to/from Option 009 internal solid state memory will be faster compared to Option 006 Instrument Security and Removable Memory Card — N5172B/82B-012 LO In/Out for Phase Coherency —...
Page 27 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5172B/N5182B RF Vector Signal Generators, Options and Features — Dual, 16-bit hardware oversampling DACs running at 800 MHz for I and Q symbols — Up to 16 bits of dynamic range — Arbitrary waveform generation and sequencing —...
Page 28 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5172B/N5182B RF Vector Signal Generators, Options and Features — Increases the digital-to-analog converter resolution from 12 to 16 bits — 3 to 4 dB W-CDMA ACLR dynamic range improvement — +5 dBM output power improvement (specified with Option 1EA High Output Power) —...
Page 29: Vector Firmware Applications
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5172B/N5182B RF Vector Signal Generators, Options and Features Vector Firmware Applications — N5172B/82B-003 Digital Output Connectivity with the N5102A — N5172B Requires N5172B-653 ARB Baseband Generator (60 MHz RF bandwidth, 32 Msa) —...
Page 30 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5172B/N5182B RF Vector Signal Generators, Options and Features — Fixed or random tone phase — N5172B/82B-431 Custom Digital Modulation — N5172B Requires N5172B-653 ARB Baseband Generator (60 MHz RF bandwidth, 32 Msa) —...
Page 31: N5173B/N5183B Microwave Analog Signal Generators, Options And Features
This section describes the options and features available for Keysight N5173B/N5183B Microwave Analog signal generators. For additional details on hardware, firmware, software, and documentation, refer to the Data Sheet; Data Sheets are also available from the Keysight Technologies website at http://www.keysight.com/find/X-Series_SG. Analog Modulation —...
Page 32 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5173B/N5183B Microwave Analog Signal Generators, Options and Features — N5173B/83B-303 Multifunction Generator — Function generation — Dual function generation — Swept function generation — Noise generation Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 33: General Performance Features
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models N5173B/N5183B Microwave Analog Signal Generators, Options and Features General Performance Features — N5173B/83B-1E1 Mechanical Step Attenuator, 115 dB — Calibrated power levels of -130 dBm with up to 115 dB attenuation (up to 40 GHz) —...
Page 34: Front Panel Overview
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Front Panel Overview Front Panel Overview 5. Arrows and Select 8. Trigger 7. MENUS 9. Local Cancel/(Esc) 11. Preset and 4. Numeric 10. Help User Preset 2. Display 3. Softkeys Keypad 6. Page Up 1.
Page 35: Arrows And Select
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Front Panel Overview 5. Arrows and Select The Select and arrow keys enable you to select items on the signal generator’s display for editing. “Entering/Editing Numbers and Text with Number and Arrow Keys” on page 6.
Page 36: 11. Preset And User Preset
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Front Panel Overview 11. Preset and User Preset These keys set the signal generator to a known state (factory or user–defined). “Returning to a Known State with the Preset Key” on page 12.
Page 37: I Input (N5172B/82B Rf Vector Models Only)
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Front Panel Overview 16. I Input (N5172B/82B RF vector models only) Connector Type: female BNC Impedance: 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied analog, in–phase component of I/Q modulation. The signal level is = 0.5 V for a calibrated output level.
Page 38: Front Panel Display
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Front Panel Display Front Panel Display 2. Frequency Area 1. Active Function Area 4. Amplitude Area 3. Annunciators Scroll Bar If there is more text than can be displayed on one screen, a scroll bar appears here.
Page 39 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Front Panel Display This annunciator appears when... A DAC overflow is occurring, adjust the runtime scaling adjust until the BBG DAC annunciator turns off. BBG DAC Another annunciator, UNLOCK, appears in the same position and has priority over the BBG DAC annunciator (see UNLOCK, below).
Page 40: Amplitude Area
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Front Panel Display 4. Amplitude Area This area displays the current output power level setting (If the RF Output is off, this area is grayed out). 5. Error Message Area This area displays abbreviated error messages. If multiple messages occur, only the most recent message remains displayed.
Page 41: Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B)
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Digital Modulation Connectors (N5172B/82B RF Vector Models Only) on page 26 1. AC Power Receptacle 3. LF OUT 10.
Page 42: Ext 1 & Ext 2
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) 2. EXT 1 & EXT 2 Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied ±1 V signal that produces the indicated depth. Damage Levels and 10 V 3.
Page 43: 8. 10 Mhz Out
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) 8. 10 MHz OUT Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal A nominal signal level greater than 4 dBm. 9. GPIB This connector enables communication with compatible devices such as external controllers, and is one of three connectors available to remotely control the signal generator.
Page 44: Digital Modulation Connectors (N5172B/82B Rf Vector Models Only)
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Digital Modulation Connectors (N5172B/82B RF Vector Models Only) I OUT, Q OUT, OUT, OUT and OUT, require Option 1EL. Connector Type: female BNC Impedance: 50 Ω DC–coupled Signal I OUT...
Page 45: Pat Trig
< −4 and > +8 V DIGITAL BUS I/O This is a proprietary bus used by Keysight Technologies signal creation software. This connector is not operational for general purpose use. Signals are present only when a signal creation software option is installed (for details, refer to http://www.keysight.com/find/signalcreation).
Page 46: Aux I/O Connector
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) AUX I/O Connector This female 36-pin connector is available only on instruments with an internal baseband generator (Options 653, 655, 656, 657). On signal generators without one of these options, this connector is not present.
Page 47 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Markers (pins 1-4) Each Arb–based waveform point has a marker on/off condition associated with it. Each real-time signal can be routed to the output marker signals using SCPI commands or the real-time personalities.
Page 48 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Table 1-1 AUX I/O Connector Configuration MXG and EXG AUX I/O Connector Configuration ARB & ARB-Based Real-Time Custom Real-Time BERT Capability Applications Modulation Applications Pin # Input Output...
Page 49 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5171B, N5172B, N5181B, & N5182B) Table 1-1 AUX I/O Connector Configuration MXG and EXG AUX I/O Connector Configuration ARB & ARB-Based Real-Time Custom Real-Time BERT Capability Applications Modulation Applications Pin # Input Output...
Page 50: Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B)
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) 14. ALC INPUT 1. AC Power Receptacle 15. Z AXIS OUTPUT 10. LAN 9. GPIB Option 1EM only 3. LF OUT 6.
Page 51: Ext 1 & Ext 2
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) 2. EXT 1 & EXT 2 Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal An externally supplied ±1 V signal that produces the indicated depth. Damage Levels and 10 V 3.
Page 52: 8. 10 Mhz Out
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) 8. 10 MHz OUT Connector female BNC Impedance nominally 50 Ω Signal A nominal signal level greater than 4 dBm. 9. GPIB This connector enables communication with compatible devices such as external controllers, and is one of three connectors available to remotely control the signal generator.
Page 53: 15. Z Axis Output
Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) 15. Z AXIS OUTPUT This female BNC connector supplies a +5 V (nominal) level during retrace and band-switch intervals of a step or list sweep. During step or list sweep, this female BNC connector supplies a -5 V (nominal) level when the RF frequency is at a marker frequency and intensity marker mode is on.
Page 54 Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models Rear Panel Overview (N5173B & N5183B) Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 55: Setting Preferences & Enabling Options For All Models
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models The Utility menu provides access to both user and remote operation preferences, and to the menus used to enable instrument options. Remote Operation Preferences on page 43 GPIB Address and Remote Language ...
Page 56: How To Set User Preferences
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set User Preferences How to Set User Preferences From the Utility menu, the following user preferences can be set: — Display Settings on page 39 — Power On and Preset on page 40 —...
Page 57: Display Settings
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set User Preferences Display Settings Using Secure Display on page 468. See also, Utility > Display Range: 0 to 100% Light Only: turns the display light off, leaving the text visible at a low intensity. Light &...
Page 58: Power On And Preset
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set User Preferences Power On and Preset Utility > Power On/Preset Select the GPIB language desired after a preset. See also, the Programming Guide and the SCPI Command Restores persistent settings Reference.
Page 59: Setting Time And Date
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set User Preferences Setting Time and Date Changing the time or date can adversely affect the signal generator’s ability to use time. — based licenses, even if a time based license is not installed. The signal generator’s firmware tracks the time and date, and uses the latest time and date as its time/date reference point.
Page 60: Reference Oscillator Tune
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set User Preferences Reference Oscillator Tune Utility > Instrument Adjustments Tunes the internal VCTXCO oscillator frequency. The user value offsets the factory tuned value (the value is added to the factory calibrated DAC value).
Page 61: How To Upgrade Firmware
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Upgrade Firmware How to Upgrade Firmware For information on new firmware releases, go to http://www.keysight.com/find/upgradeassistant. How to Set Remote Operation Preferences For details on operating the signal generator remotely, refer to the Programming Guide. GPIB Address and Remote Language NOTES USB is also available.
Page 62: Configuring The Lan Interface
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set Remote Operation Preferences Configuring the LAN Interface Utility > I/O Config page 44 NOTES Use a 100Base–T LAN cable to connect the signal generator to the LAN. Use a crossover cable to connect the signal generator directly to a PC.
Page 63: Configuring Remote Languages
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set Remote Operation Preferences Configuring Remote Languages Figure 2-2 N5171B/72B/81B/82B Utility > I/O Config Select the desired Remote language. For details on each key, use key help Refer to the SCPI Command Reference. page 56 as described on Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 64 Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set Remote Operation Preferences Figure 2-3 N5173B/83B Utility > I/O Config Select the desired Remote language. page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on Refer to the SCPI Command Reference. Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 65: Configuring Preset Languages
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set Remote Operation Preferences Configuring Preset Languages Figure 2-4 N5171B/81B RF Analog Models and N5172B/82B RF Vector Models Utility > Power On/Preset Select the desired Preset Language. page 40 Refer to the SCPI Command Reference. For details on each key, use key help page 56 as described on...
Page 66 Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Set Remote Operation Preferences Figure 2-5 N5173B/83B Microwave Analog Models Select the desired Preset Language. Utility > Power On/Preset page 40 page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on Refer to the SCPI Command Reference.
Page 67: How To Enable An Option
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models How to Enable an Option How to Enable an Option There are two ways to enable an option: — Use the License Manager software utility: 1. Run the utility and follow the prompts. 2.
Page 68: Hardware Assembly Installation And Removal Softkeys
Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeys Hardware Assembly Installation and Removal Softkeys For details on each key, use key help Utility > More 2 of 2 > page 56 as described on Verify output attenuator operation using a power meter at the RF Output.
Page 69: Modes Of Operation For All Models
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Modes of Operation for All Models To avoid damaging or degrading the performance of the instrument, do not exceed 33 dBm (2 W) (27 dBm (0.5 W) for N5173B/83B) of maximum reverse power levels at the RF input.
Page 70: Modes Of Operation
Modes of Operation for All Models Modes of Operation Modes of Operation Continuous Wave (CW) Mode In this mode, the signal generator produces a continuous wave (CW) signal. The signal generator is set to a single frequency and power level. Both the analog and RF vector models can produce a CW signal.
Page 71: Digital Modulation Mode (N5172B/82B Rf Vector Models W/ Option 65X Only)
Modes of Operation for All Models Modes of Operation Digital Modulation Mode (N5172B/82B RF Vector Models w/ Option 65x Only) In these modes, the signal generator modulates a CW signal with I/Q modulation. This I/Q modulation is only available on N5172B/82B RF vector models equipped with an internal ARB Baseband Generator (Option 65x).
Page 72 Modes of Operation for All Models Modes of Operation only be changed when one or more of the following options are installed: Option UN7, 003, 004. To learn more, refer to “Using Baseband Operating Mode for N5172B/82B (Primary, BERT, or N5102A)” on page 397.
Page 73: Front Panel Operation For All Models
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Front Panel Operation for All Models This chapter describes front panel operation for Keysight N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG X-Series signal generators. — Returning to a Known State with the Preset Key on page 56 —...
Page 74: Returning To A Known State With The Preset Key
Front Panel Operation for All Models Returning to a Known State with the Preset Key Returning to a Known State with the Preset Key To return the signal generator to a known state, press either Preset or User Preset. Preset is the factory preset; User Preset is a custom preset** (see also, page 40). To reset persistent settings (those unaffected by preset, user preset, or power cycle*), press: Utility >...
Page 75: Entering/Editing Numbers And Text With Number And Arrow Keys
Front Panel Operation for All Models Entering/Editing Numbers and Text with Number and Arrow Keys Entering/Editing Numbers and Text with Number and Arrow Keys Entering Numbers and Moving the Cursor Use the number keys and decimal point to enter numeric data. Up/down arrow keys increase/decrease a selected (highlighted) numeric value, and move the cursor vertically.
Page 76: Example: Using A Table Editor
Front Panel Operation for All Models Entering/Editing Numbers and Text with Number and Arrow Keys Example: Using a Table Editor Table editors simplify configuration tasks. The following procedure describes basic table editor functionality using the List Mode Values table editor. 1.
Page 77: Setting Frequency And Amplitude With Freq And Amptd Keys
Front Panel Operation for All Models Setting Frequency and Amplitude with FREQ and AMPTD Keys Setting Frequency and Amplitude with FREQ and AMPTD Keys Figure 4-1 Frequency and Amplitude Softkeys In Frequency mode, this menu is In Amplitude mode, this menu is automatically displayed when entering automatically displayed when entering a numeric value with the front panel...
Page 78: Example: Configuring A 700 Mhz, −20 Dbm Continuous Wave Output
Front Panel Operation for All Models Setting Frequency and Amplitude with FREQ and AMPTD Keys Example: Configuring a 700 MHz, −20 dBm Continuous Wave Output 1. Preset the signal generator. The signal generator displays its maximum specified frequency and minimum power level (the front panel display areas are shown on page 20).
Page 79: Setting Alc Bandwidth Control With Amplitude Softkeys
Front Panel Operation for All Models Setting ALC Bandwidth Control with Amplitude Softkeys Figure 4-3 Using an External Reference Oscillator Setting ALC Bandwidth Control with Amplitude Softkeys Figure 4-4 ALC Bandwidth Control Softkeys and Amplitude Softkeys Enables the automatic bandwidth mode (Auto).
Page 80: Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring A Swept Output)
Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) The signal generator has two methods of sweeping through a set of frequency and amplitude points: Step sweep (page 63) provides a linear or logarithmic progression from one selected frequency, amplitude, or both, to another, pausing at linearly or logarithmically spaced points (steps) along...
Page 81: Routing Signals
Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) Routing Signals Sweep > More > More > Route Connectors Step Sweep Step sweep provides a linear or logarithmic progression from one selected frequency, or amplitude, or both, to another, pausing at linearly or logarithmically spaced points (steps) along the sweep.
Page 82 Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) Figure 4-7 Sweep Softkeys For details on each key, use key help page 56 as described on Dwell Time = the time that the signal is settled and you can make a measurement before the sweep moves to the next point.
Page 83: List Sweep
Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) A continuous sweep begins, from the start frequency/amplitude to the stop frequency/amplitude. The SWEEP annunciator displays, and sweep progress is shown in the frequency display, the amplitude display, and the progress bar. 5.
Page 84 Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) Example: Configuring a List Sweep Using Step Sweep Data 1. Set up the desired step sweep, but do not turn the sweep on. This example uses the step sweep configured on page 2.
Page 85 Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) 2. If sweep is on, turn it off. Editing list sweep parameters with sweep on can generate an error. 3. Ensure that the sweep type is set to list: Press SWEEP > Sweep Type List Step to highlight List.
Page 86: Example: Using A Single Sweep
Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) 13.As desired, repeat step for the remaining points for which you want to select a waveform. The following figure shows an example of how this might look. The empty entry is equivalent to choosing CW (no modulation).
Page 87: Example: Manual Control Of Sweep
Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output) Example: Manual Control of Sweep 1. Set up either a step sweep (page 64) or a list sweep (page 66). 2. In the Sweep/List menu, select a parameter to sweep: Press Sweep > parameter > Return. 3.
Page 88: Using Analog Modulation On The Rf Carrier Signal (Option Unt)
Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Analog Modulation on the RF Carrier Signal (Option UNT) Using Analog Modulation on the RF Carrier Signal (Option UNT) To modulate a carrier signal, you must have both: — an active modulation format —...
Page 89: Simultaneous Modulation
Front Panel Operation for All Models Using Analog Modulation on the RF Carrier Signal (Option UNT) Simultaneous Modulation The Keysight X-Series signal generators are capable of simultaneous modulation. All modulation types (AM, FM, φM, Pulse, and I/Q) may be simultaneously enabled, but there are some exceptions. Refer to Table 4-1.
Page 90: Working With Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving)
Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) — File Softkeys on page 73 — Viewing a List of Stored Files on page 74 — Storing a File on page 76 — Loading (Recalling) a Stored File on page 77 —...
Page 91: File Softkeys
Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) File Softkeys page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on Note: Available file types depend on the installed options. page 78 Display internal or USB Instrument operating parameters (see files, depending on the Sweep data from the List Mode Values table editor.
Page 92: Viewing A List Of Stored Files
Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) ARB File Softkeys Waveform files and their associated marker and header information. Note: Available file types depend on the installed options. page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on Viewing a List of Stored Files The information in this section is provided with the assumption that default storage media is set to Auto, as described on...
Page 93 Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Viewing a list of Files Stored on USB Media With USB media connected, you can view files on USB media using either the file catalogs, which can display only a selected type of file, or the USB File Manager, which displays all files. Using the File Catalogs: —...
Page 94: Storing A File
Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Storing a File Several menus enable you to store instrument parameters. For example, you can store instrument states, lists, and waveforms. — An instrument state file contains instrument settings. For this type of file, use the Save key shown in Figure 4-9 on page —...
Page 95: Loading (Recalling) A Stored File
Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Loading (Recalling) a Stored File There are several ways to load (recall) a stored file. — For an instrument state file, use the Recall key shown in Figure 4-9 on page —...
Page 96: Moving A File From One Media To Another
Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Moving a File from One Media to Another Use the USB Media Manager to move files between USB and internal media. File > Catalog Type > <type> > More > USB File Manager File >...
Page 97 Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Figure 4-9 Save and Recall Softkeys When saved to the signal generator, instrument settings (states) save to instrument state memory*. Instrument state memory is divided into 10 sequences (0 through 9); each sequence comprises 100 registers (00 through 99).
Page 98 Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Saving an Instrument State 1. Preset the signal generator and set the following: • Frequency: 800 MHz • Amplitude: 0 dBm • RF: on 2. (Optional, vector models only) Associate a waveform file with these settings: a.
Page 99 Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) If the desired state is listed in the currently selected sequence, press desired number > Enter. If not, press Press Select Seq > desired number > Enter > RECALL Reg > desired number > Enter.
Page 100 Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Moving or Copying a Stored Instrument State Figure 4-10 Instrument State File Catalog Sequence Register page 80 The signal generator recognizes only the file named USER_PRESET as user preset information ( A user–created state file’s default name is its memory location (sequence and register).
Page 101: Selecting The Default Storage Media
Front Panel Operation for All Models Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving) Selecting the Default Storage Media You can configure the signal generator to store user files to either the internal storage or to external USB media. To automatically switch between USB media and internal storage, depending on whether USB media is attached, select Automatically Use USB Media If Present.
Page 102: Reading Error Messages
Front Panel Operation for All Models Reading Error Messages Reading Error Messages If an error condition occurs, the signal generator reports it to both the front panel display error queue and the SCPI (remote interface) error queue. These two queues are viewed and managed separately;...
Page 103: Optimizing Performance For All Models
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Optimizing Performance for All Models Before using the information in this chapter, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 4, “Front Panel Operation for All Models”, on page 55 and familiarize...
Page 104: Using The Dual Power Meter Display (With Usb U2000A Series Power Sensors)
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors) Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors) The dual power meter display can be used to display the current frequency and power of either one or two power sensors.
Page 105 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors) Figure 5-3 Configuring the Power Sensor Channels AUX Fctn > Power Meter Note: This figure illustrates channel A. Channel B is similar. Measurements Enables the power meter connection type: Sockets LAN, VXI–11 LAN, or USB.
Page 106: Example: Dual Power Meter Calibration
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors) Example: Dual Power Meter Calibration In the following example, a U2004A USB Power Sensor is connected to channel A and a N1912A P– Series Power Meter and 8482A Power Sensor are connected to channel B and are zeroed and calibrated, as required.
Page 107 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors) A Running Calibration(s) bar is displayed on the signal generator. Refer to Figure 5-6 on page Figure 5-6 Running Calibration(s) Bar (Zeroing Sensor) For details on each key, use key help as described...
Page 108 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors) Figure 5-8 Channel A Power Sensor Displayed on MXG/EXG For details on each key, use key help as described page 56 6. On the N1912A P–Series Power Meter (Channel B power sensor): Connect the N1912A P– Series Power Meter to the LAN.
Page 109 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors) 13.On the signal generator: Press Channel B to On and then back to Off again. This initializes the signal generator to the external power meter. 14.Press Return >...
Page 110 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Dual Power Meter Display (with USB U2000A Series Power Sensors) 17.Press Done Calibration progress bar is displayed. Refer to Figure 5-12 on page Figure 5-12 Running Calibration(s) Bar (Calibrating Sensor) For details on each key, use key help as described page 56...
Page 111: Using The Usb Pass Through Commands
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the USB Pass Through Commands Using the USB Pass Through Commands The USB pass through SCPI commands are used remotely and or to program your system setup and power meter sensor setup. This section applies to the following USB power sensors: —...
Page 112 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the USB Pass Through Commands Step Substeps Results/Notes 4. Sending additional a. Enter: Where "SCPI command" is any SCPI pass through SCPI commands. command. Refer to Table 5-1 on page :SYSTem:PMETer:PASSt If you are sending a hrough "SCPI query, go to step 5.
Page 113: Using The Power Meter Servo
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Power Meter Servo Using the Power Meter Servo The Power Meter Servo mode uses power meter readings to adjust the output power of the source, maintaining a constant DUT output power. The servo loop measures the output power of the DUT, compares it to the user-provided reference power, and adjusts the output of the source to achieve the user-provided power level within the settling error.
Page 114: Power Meter Servo Configuration
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Power Meter Servo Power Meter Servo Configuration The following procedure is a basic configuration for using the signal generator’s Power Meter Servo mode. The configuration described below is one possible setup example. Consider the limits of your DUT and use caution to protect the DUT from being exposed to too much power.
Page 115: Example
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Power Meter Servo Power Meter Continuous performs the adjustment as in Once mode, and continues to adjust the power periodically if the value differs by more than the specified Settling Error. Once these parameters are set, the servo loop engages and levels the DUT’s output power. Example The following example emphasizes the importance of setting the amplitude offset, as it protects the DUT from being exposed to too much power.
Page 116: Using Flatness Correction
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction Using Flatness Correction User flatness correction allows the digital adjustment of RF output amplitude for up to 1601 sequential linearly or arbitrarily spaced frequency points to compensate for external losses in cables, switches, or other devices. Using a Keysight N1911A/12A, E4419A/B, or U2000 Series power meter/sensor to calibrate the measurement system, a table of power level corrections can automatically be created for frequencies where power level variations or losses occur.
Page 117 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction Figure 5-16 User Flatness Correction Softkeys For details on each key, use key help page 56 as described on Starts the user flatness calibration. page 101 Confirm Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 118: Creating A User Flatness Correction Array
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction Creating a User Flatness Correction Array In this example, you will create a user flatness correction array. The flatness correction array contains ten frequency correction pairs (amplitude correction values for each specified frequency), from 500 MHz to 1 GHz.
Page 119: Power Meter
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction Connect the Equipment — Keysight N1911A/12A or E4419A/B — LAN, GPIB, or USB interface cables, as required power meter — adapters and cables, as — Keysight U2000A/01A/02A/04A power required Sensor The LAN, GPIB*, and USB connections are for convenience.
Page 120 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction Basic Procedure 1. Create a user flatness array. a. Configure the power meter/sensor b. Connect the equipment c. Configure the signal generator d. Enter the user flatness correction values 2. Optionally, save the user flatness correction data. 3.
Page 121 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction 4. Enable the power meter’s cal factor array. The signal generator’s RF Output LED remains unchanged during zeroing of the power sensor (e.g. if the RF Output LED was on prior to starting the Zeroing of the power sensor, the LED remains on throughout the zero/calibration).
Page 122 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction c. Open the User Flatness table editor and preset the cal array: Press Return > Configure Cal Array > More > Preset List > Confirm Preset with Defaults. d. In the Step Array menu, enter the desired flatness–corrected start and stop frequencies, and the number of points: Press More >...
Page 123 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction 2. Connect the power meter to the RF output and enter the correction values: With a Power Meter Over LAN, GPIB, or USB Manually i. Create the correction values: i. Open the User Flatness table editor and highlight Press More >...
Page 124: Recalling And Applying A User Flatness Correction Array
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Flatness Correction The UF annunciator appears in the AMPLITUDE area of the display, and the correction data in the array is applied to the RF output. Recalling and Applying a User Flatness Correction Array The following example assumes that a user flatness correction array has been created and stored.
Page 125: Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only)
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) There is an internal calibration routine (Factory Calibration) that collects correction data for both the baseband and RF magnitude and phase errors over the entire RF frequency and power level range on any unit with options 653, 655, 656, and 657.
Page 126 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) — If a frequency sweep is activated, then the calculation and caching will occur up front for the first 256 unique frequencies, and all additional unique frequencies will have the characteristics of arbitrary frequency switching.
Page 127 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) Figure 5-18 Internal Channel Correction Softkeys I/Q > More Displays a menu that controls the calibration and application of the internal baseband generator RF and baseband magnitude and phase corrections across the entire baseband bandwidth.
Page 128: Configure Internal Channel Correction
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Internal Channel Correction (N5172B/82B Only) Configure Internal Channel Correction There is an internal calibration routine (Enhanced Factory Calibration) that collects correction data for both the baseband and RF magnitude and phase errors over the entire RF frequency and power level range on any unit with options 653, 655, 656, and 657.
Page 129: Using I/Q Mod Skew Cal
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using I/Q Mod Skew Cal Using I/Q Mod Skew Cal The I/Q mod skew calibration initiates the external calibration of the I/Q timing skew for the I/Q modulator (RF output path). This feature will improve out-of-channel image rejection. This calibration requires the RF output of the instrument to be connected to the RF input of a spectrum analyzer.
Page 130 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using I/Q Mod Skew Cal I/Q Mod Skew Cal Softkeys I/Q > More > Int Channel Figure for information on this key. Initiates the external calibration of the The status window shows the current SCPI Command: For details on each key, use key help as page 56 described on...
Page 131 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using I/Q Mod Skew Cal SA Config Softkeys I/Q > More > Int Channel Correction > Configure Sets the spectrum analyzer connection type to Sockets (LAN). Sets the spectrum analyzer connection type to VXI-11 (LAN). This connection type can also be used to connect to a GPIB spectrum analyzer via a...
Page 132: Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only)
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Atten Hold sets to On and grays out (inactive) with Ext Detector selection. When re– selecting Internal, the softkey becomes active, but attenuator hold remains on. If desired, manually set it to off.
Page 133 Figure 5-21 on page 116 shows the input power versus output voltage characteristics for typical Keysight Technologies diode detectors. Using this chart, you can determine the leveled power at the diode detector input by measuring the external detector output voltage. For a coupler, you must then add the coupling factor to determine the leveled output power.
Page 134 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Figure 5-20 Power Value Differences with External Leveling Signal generator set power level Measured output power of a coupler Figure 5-21 Typical Diode Detector Response at 25° C Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 135: Option 1E1 Output Attenuator Behavior And Use
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Option 1E1 Output Attenuator Behavior and Use When using the internal detector, the Option 1E1 output attenuator enables signal generator power levels down to -130 dBm at the RF Output connector. It accomplishes this by adding attenuation to the output signal after the ALC detection circuit.
Page 136 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) 4. Determine the output amplitude range, see “Determining the Signal Generator’s Amplitude Range” on page 119 5. Set the displayed power value, see “Adjusting the Signal Generator Display’s Amplitude Value” on page 120 Equipment Setup Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 5-22 on page...
Page 137 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) Determining the Signal Generator’s Amplitude Range The maximum output amplitude is frequency dependent. So if you are using multiple frequency points and there is a need to know the maximum output amplitude for each frequency point, refer to the “Amplitude”...
Page 138 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using External Leveling (N5173B/83B Only) To remove the error message, press the down arrow key until the message is gone. The error appears when an attempt is made to increase the amplitude beyond the maximum value as it relates to the current attenuator setting.
Page 139: Using Unleveled Operating Modes
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Unleveled Operating Modes Using Unleveled Operating Modes Figure 5-23 Power Search and ALC Off Softkeys Auto: The calibration routine executes whenever output frequency or amplitude changes. Only available when I/Q is on. Span: Pressing Do Power Search executes the power search calibration routine once over a These selected frequency range.
Page 140: Power Search Mode
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Unleveled Operating Modes slow amplitude variations or bursts that the automatic leveling would remove or distort. When using the internal IQ baseband generator, the best technique is to use the ALC hold marker function vs. ALC off for the types of signals just described. After the ALC has been turned off, power search must be executed to set the proper output power level requested on the front panel.
Page 141 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Unleveled Operating Modes — Fixed – Reference level is 0.5 Vrms. This reference functions with internal, external IQ and bursted signals. This is the instrument’s default setting. — RMS – User provided reference level 0–1.414 Vrms placed in the Waveform Header. Refer to “Saving a Waveform’s Settings &...
Page 142 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Unleveled Operating Modes The FIXED, RMS, and MANUAL references use a DAC to apply the reference voltage and do not require the IQ signal to be present. The MXG/EXG reference voltage is designed to operate between 0.1 Vrms to 1 Vrms nominally, but it can overrange to 1.414 Vrms.
Page 143: Using An Output Offset, Reference, Or Multiplier
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier When set to Auto, power search automatically executes when a significant instrument setting changes. The Do Power Search feature enables you to decide when to execute a power search to compensate for changes, such as temperature drift or a change in the external input.
Page 144: Setting An Output Reference
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier Antenna tuned to 1321 MHz IF Amplifier RF Amplifier Mixer Filter IF Output IF = 321 MHz 321 MHz Output Frequency = 1000 MHz Selected Offset SIgnal Generator Display 321 MHz 1321 MHz (Antenna Frequency)
Page 145: Setting A Frequency Multiplier
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using an Output Offset, Reference, or Multiplier To set a new frequency or amplitude reference, turn the frequency reference off, and then follow the steps above. Setting a Frequency Multiplier Using a frequency multiplier, the signal generator can display a frequency that is the multiple (positive or negative) of the output value.
Page 146: Using The Frequency And Phase Reference Softkeys
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using the Frequency and Phase Reference Softkeys When using the signal generator as the input to a system, you can set the frequency multiplier so that the signal generator displays the output of the system, as illustrated below using a doubler: Signal Generator Doubler Entered/Displayed...
Page 147: Using Free Run, Step Dwell, And Timer Trigger
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger Using Free Run, Step Dwell, and Timer Trigger Free Run, Step Dwell (time), and Timer Trigger can be used to adjust the time spent at any point in a Step Sweep or a List Sweep.
Page 148: Using Filters (N5162A And N5182A Only)
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Filters (N5162A and N5182A Only) Figure 5-27 Free Run, Set Dwell, and Timer Trigger Softkeys Sweep > Configure Step Sweep > More Use Step Dwell with Free Run when additional measurement wait time is desired after settling.
Page 149: Dual Arb Modulation Filter Types
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Filters (N5162A and N5182A Only) Finite Impulse Response filters can be created and used with both dual arbitrary waveform generated waveforms and real-time baseband generated waveforms. For this example, the filter is defined within the CDMA2000 digital communications format, a dual arbitrary waveform generated state.
Page 150 Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Filters (N5162A and N5182A Only) When the complex filter is selected, the filter corrects the frequency spectrum and other spectrum characteristics (e.g. amplitude, phase, etc.). The complex filter is only available as a low pass filter. Coefficients can be readily generated by tools such as Matlab to upload the filter’s coefficients into the MXG.
Page 151: Arb Custom Modulation Filter Types
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using Filters (N5162A and N5182A Only) Arb Custom Modulation Filter Types In addition to the default filter formats (examples: Root Nyquist, Nyquist, Gaussian, etcetera), customized user FIRs can be created using the User FIR tables to create the filter coefficients in the MXG or the filter coefficients can be created and downloaded using programs like MatLab.
Page 152: Using A Usb Keyboard
Optimizing Performance for All Models Using a USB Keyboard Using a USB Keyboard You can use a USB keyboard to remotely control the RF output state, the modulation state, and to select a memory sequence and register. The register selection, RF output state, and modulation state are affected by power cycle or preset, but the USB keyboard control state and the sequence selection are not.
Page 153: N5171B/72B/73B Exg And N5181B/82B/83B Mxg
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Before using the information in this chapter, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 4, “Front Panel Operation for All Models”, on page 55 and familiarize...
Page 154 Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Figure 6-1 Pulse Softkeys Note: Pulse Period page 139 and Pulse Width are page 139 not available when Pulse Train is selected as the Pulse Source. page 141 These softkeys are Low = settled only available when the Pulse–Source is Latency from the external...
Page 155: Pulse Characteristics
Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Pulse Characteristics Pulse Characteristics When using very narrow pulses that are below the signal generator’s ALC pulse width specification, or leveled pulses with an unusually long duty cycle, it is often useful to turn ALC off page 121 (see Pulse Sour...
Page 156 Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Pulse Characteristics page 23 Rear panel inputs are described on External pulse input Figure 6-2 Adjustable Doublet External Trigger RF Output Puls Puls Delay Width The delay of the first pulse is measured from the leading edge of the external trigger signal.
Page 157: The Basic Procedure
Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 The Basic Procedure The Basic Procedure 1. Preset the signal generator. 2. Set the carrier (RF) frequency. 3. Set the RF amplitude. 4. Configure the modulation: a. Set the pulse source: Press Pulse > Pulse Source > selection b.
Page 158: Example
Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Example Example The following example uses the factory preset pulse source and delay. Output: A 2 GHz, 0 dBm carrier modulated by a 24 μs pulse that has a period of 100 μs. 1.
Page 159: Pulse Train (Option 320 - Requires: Option Unw)
Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Pulse Train (Option 320 – Requires: Option UNW) Pulse Train (Option 320 – Requires: Option UNW) The Option 320 Pulse Train feature enables the specification of up to 2047 independent pulse cycles, each of which has an “On Time”, during which the RF output is measurable at the RF output connector, and an "Off Time", during which the RF output is attenuated.
Page 160 Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Pulse Train (Option 320 – Requires: Option UNW) Figure 6-5 Edit Pulse Train Menu Softkeys page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on These softkeys provide Pulse >...
Page 161 Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Pulse Train (Option 320 – Requires: Option UNW) Figure 6-6 Display Pulse Train Menu Softkeys Pulse > Pulse Source > More > Pulse Train > Edit Pulse Train > Display Pulse Train This softkey shifts the time offset from the left hand side of the display to the one...
Page 162 Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Pulse Train (Option 320 – Requires: Option UNW) Figure 6-7 Pulse Train: Import From Selected File Softkeys page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on Pulse >...
Page 163 Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Pulse Train (Option 320 – Requires: Option UNW) Figure 6-8 Pulse Train: Export to File Softkeys Note: Files can be FTP’d to the BIN (Binary) folder in the instrument, or a USB page 77 Pulse >...
Page 164 Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW, 320 Pulse Train (Option 320 – Requires: Option UNW) Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 165: Basic Digital Operation For N5172B/82B-No Bbg Option Installed
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B— No BBG Option Installed Before using the information in this chapter, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator. If you are not comfortable with functions such as setting the power level and frequency, refer to Chapter 4, “Front Panel Operation for All Models”, on page 55 and familiarize...
Page 166: I/Q Modulation
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B—No BBG Option Installed I/Q Modulation I/Q Modulation The following factors contribute to the error vector magnitude: — Differences in amplitude, phase, and delay between the I and Q channels — DC offsets The I/Q menu provides adjustments and calibration to compensate for some of the differences in the I and Q signals or to add impairments.
Page 167: Configuring The Front Panel Inputs
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B—No BBG Option Installed I/Q Modulation Table 7-1 I/Q Adjustments Uses I/Q Adjustment Effect Impairment EVM error phase skew Quadrature Angle I/Q Images I/Q path delay Configuring the Front Panel Inputs The MXG/EXG accepts externally supplied analog I and Q signals through the front panel I Input and Q Input for modulating onto the carrier.
Page 168 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B—No BBG Option Installed I/Q Modulation Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 169: Basic Digital Operation For N5172B/82B With Options
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 The features described in this chapter are available only in N5172B/N5182B X-Series RF vector signal generators with Option 653 or 655 (N5172B) or Option 656 or 657 (N5182B). Before using the information in this chapter, you should be familiar with the basic operation of the signal generator.
Page 170 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 — Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization on page 241 — Waveform Licensing on page 246 See Also: — Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform on page 324 —...
Page 171: Waveform Files (Segments And Sequences)
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Files (Segments and Sequences) Waveform Files (Segments and Sequences) There are two types of waveform files: — A segment is a waveform file that you download to the signal generator. For information on creating and downloading waveform files, refer to the Programming Guide. —...
Page 172: Using Dual Arb Softkeys
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Files (Segments and Sequences) Using Dual ARB Softkeys Dual ARB mode is used to control the playback sequence of waveform segments that have been written into the ARB memory located on the internal baseband generator. These waveform segments can be generated by the internal baseband generator using ARB Custom Modulation mode or downloaded through a remote interface into the ARB memory.
Page 173: Storing, Loading, And Playing A Waveform Segment
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment The MXG/EXG’s ARB Waveform File Cache is limited to 128 files. Consequently, once the 128 file cache limit has been reached, the waveform switching speed will be much slower for additional files loaded into the volatile waveform memory (BBG).
Page 174: Storing/Renaming A Waveform Segment To Internal Media Or Usb Media
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment 3. If there is already a copy of this segment in the currently selected media and you do not want to overwrite it, rename the waveform segment before you load it (refer to the previous procedure).
Page 175 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Storing, Loading, and Playing a Waveform Segment Annunciators display with active waveform (ARB On) Current waveform selection 5. Configure the RF Output: Set the RF carrier frequency and amplitude, and turn on the RF output. The waveform segment is now available at the signal generator’s RF Output connector.
Page 176: Waveform Sequence Softkeys
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Sequence Softkeys Waveform Sequence Softkeys Figure 8-3 Waveform Sequence Softkeys Sequence name To display this softkey, select a waveform sequence. Mode > Dual ARB Sequence contents page 181 For details on each key, use key help page 56 as described on A waveform sequence is a file that contains pointers to one or more waveform segments or other...
Page 177: Creating A Waveform Sequence
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Sequence Softkeys Creating a Waveform Sequence A waveform sequence can contain up to 1,024 segments and have both segments and other sequences (nested sequences). The signal generator lets you set the number of times the segments and nested sequences repeat during play back.
Page 178: Viewing The Contents Of A Waveform Sequence
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Sequence Softkeys 3. Name and store the waveform sequence to the Seq file catalog: a. Press More > Name and Store. b. Enter a file name and press Enter. See also, “Viewing the Contents of a Waveform Sequence”...
Page 179: Playing A Waveform Sequence
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Sequence Softkeys Assumption: A waveform sequence that has two different segments has been created and stored (see previous example on page 159). 1. Select the sequence: Press Mode > Dual ARB > More > Waveform Sequences > highlight the desired sequence > Edit Selected Waveform Sequence.
Page 180 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Sequence Softkeys Annunciators display with active waveform (ARB On) Current waveform selection 2. Generate the waveform: Press ARB Off On to On. This plays the selected waveform sequence. During the waveform sequence generation, both the I/Q and ARB annunciators turn on, and the waveform modulates the RF carrier.
Page 181: Saving A Waveform's Settings & Parameters
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters This section describes how to edit and save a file header. When you download only a waveform file (I/Q data, which the signal generator treats as a waveform segment), the signal generator automatically generates a file header and a marker file with the same name as the waveform file.
Page 182 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters All settings in this menu can be stored to thefile header Table 8-1 on page 164 lists all settings stored in a file header) Softkey label, file header setting The Runtime Scaling softkey is...
Page 183: Viewing And Modifying File Header Information
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters Table 8-1 File Header Entries AWGN: State Indicated whether real–time noise is on (1) or off (0) (see page 323 AWGN: C/N Ratio Carrier to noise ration, in dB (see page 328 AWGN: Carrier BW Bandwidth over which the noise power is integrated, in Hz (see...
Page 184 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters If a setting is unspecified in the file header, the signal generator uses its current value for that setting when you select and play the waveform. Figure 8-5 Example File Header The name of the waveform file.
Page 185: Viewing & Editing A File Header Without Selecting The Waveform
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters As shown in the following figure, the Current Inst. Settings column now reflects the changes to the current signal generator setup, but the saved header values have not changed.
Page 186 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Saving a Waveform’s Settings & Parameters Active catalog Active media Active waveform catalog Type: Catalogs that enable you to WFM1 = Volatile Segment view files in the active media. NVWFM = Non–Volatile Segment For details on selecting the SEQ = Sequence page 74...
Page 187: Using Waveform Markers
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Using Waveform Markers The signal generator provides four waveform markers to mark specific points on a waveform segment. When the signal generator encounters an enabled marker, an auxiliary signal is routed to a rear panel event output that corresponds to the marker number.
Page 188: Waveform Marker Concepts
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Waveform Marker Concepts The signal generator’s Dual ARB provides four waveform markers for use on a waveform segment. You can set each marker’s polarity and marker points (on a single sample point or over a range of sample points).
Page 189 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers ALC Hold Marker Function While you can set a marker function (described as Marker Routing on the softkey label) either before or after you set marker points (page 176), setting a marker function before setting marker points may cause power spikes or loss of power at the RF output.
Page 190 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Example of Correct Use Waveform: 1022 points Marker range: 95–97 Marker polarity: Positive This example shows a marker set to sample the waveform’s area of highest amplitude. Note that the marker is set well before the waveform’s area of lowest amplitude.
Page 191 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Example of Incorrect Use Waveform: 1022 points Marker range: 110–1022 Marker polarity: Negative This figure shows that a negative polarity marker goes Marker low during the marker on points; the marker signal goes Marker On Marker On high during the off points.
Page 192: Accessing Marker Utilities
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Accessing Marker Utilities For details on each key, use key help Mode > Dual ARB > More > Marker Utilities page 56 as described on The settings in these menus can be stored to the file page 163 header, see...
Page 193: Viewing Waveform Segment Markers
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Viewing Waveform Segment Markers Markers are applied to waveform segments. Use the following steps to view the markers set for a segment (this example uses the factory–supplied segment, SINE_TEST_WFM). 1.
Page 194: Setting Marker Points In A Waveform Segment
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers 3. Set the last marker point in the range that you want off to a value less than or equal to the number of points in the waveform, and greater than or equal to the value set in Step 2 (for this example, 17):...
Page 195 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers page 175 How to view markers is described on Placing a Marker on a Single Point On the First Point 1. In the second Arb menu (page 174), press Marker Utilities > Set Markers. 2.
Page 196: Viewing A Marker Pulse
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers 7. Enter the number of sample points that you want skipped (in this example, 1): Press # Skipped Points > 1 > Enter. 8. Press Apply To Waveform > Return. This causes the marker to occur on every other point (one sample point is skipped) within the marker point range, as shown at...
Page 197 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers When Marker 1 is present, the MXG/EXG outputs a signal through EVENT 1 as shown in the following example. Q OUT Marker pulse on the Event 1 signal. Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 198: Using The Rf Blanking Marker Function
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Using the RF Blanking Marker Function While you can set a marker function (described as Marker Routing on the softkey label in the Marker Utilities menu) either before or after setting the marker points (page 176), setting a marker function before you set marker points may change the RF output.
Page 199: Setting Marker Polarity
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Setting Marker Polarity Setting a negative marker polarity inverts the marker signal. 1. In second Arb menu (page 174), press Marker Utilities > Marker Polarity. 2. For each marker, set the marker polarity as desired. —...
Page 200 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Figure 8-6 Waveform Sequence Menus for Enabling/Disabling Segment Markers Mode > Dual ARB > More Note: This is the second Arb menu. Enable/Disable markers while creating a waveform sequence Edit a sequence to enable/disable markers For details on each key, use key help...
Page 201 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Enabling and Disabling Markers in a Waveform Sequence Select the waveform segments within a waveform sequence to enable or disable each segment’s markers independently. You can enable or disable the markers either at the time of creating the sequence or after the sequence has been created and stored.
Page 202: Using The Event Output Signal As An Instrument Trigger
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Waveform Markers Using the EVENT Output Signal as an Instrument Trigger page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on One of the uses for the EVENT output signal (marker signal) is to trigger a The settings in this menu can be stored to the file...
Page 203: Triggering A Waveform
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Triggering a Waveform Triggering a Waveform Figure 8-7 Triggering Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB page 186 page 187 For details on each key, use key help page 56 as described on Triggers control data transmission by controlling when the signal generator transmits the modulating signal.
Page 204: Trigger Type
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Triggering a Waveform Trigger Type Type defines the trigger mode: how the waveform plays when triggered. Mode > Immediately triggers and plays the waveform; triggers Dual ARB > received while the waveform is playing are ignored. Trigger Type Plays the waveform when a trigger is received;...
Page 205: Trigger Source
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Triggering a Waveform — Segment Advance mode plays a segment in a sequence only if triggered. The trigger source controls segment–to–segment playing (see Example: Segment Advance Triggering on page 188). A trigger received during the last segment loops play to the first segment in the sequence. —...
Page 206: Example: Segment Advance Triggering
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Triggering a Waveform Example: Segment Advance Triggering Segment advance triggering enables you to control the segment playback within a waveform sequence. This type of triggering ignores the repetition value (page 160). For example if a segment has repetition value of 50 and you select Single as the segment advance triggering mode, the segment still plays only once.
Page 207: Example: Gated Triggering
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Triggering a Waveform Example: Gated Triggering Gated triggering enables you to define the on and off states of a modulating waveform. 1. Connect the output of a function generator to the signal generator’s rear panel PAT TRIG IN connector, as shown in the following figure.
Page 208 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Triggering a Waveform 8. (Optional) Monitor the waveform: Configure the oscilloscope to display both the output of the signal generator, and the external triggering signal. You will see the waveform modulating the output during the gate active periods (low in this example).
Page 209: Example: External Triggering
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Triggering a Waveform Example: External Triggering Use the following example to set the signal generator to output a modulated RF signal 100 milliseconds after a change in TTL state from low to high occurs at the PATT TRIG IN rear panel BNC connector 1.
Page 210: Clipping A Waveform
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform Clipping a Waveform Digitally modulated signals with high power peaks can cause intermodulation distortion, resulting in spectral regrowth that can interfere with signals in adjacent frequency bands. The clipping function enables you to reduce high power peaks by clipping the I and Q data to a selected percentage of its highest peak, thereby reducing spectral regrowth.
Page 211: How Power Peaks Develop
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform How Power Peaks Develop To see how clipping reduces high power peaks, it is important to understand how the peaks develop as you construct a signal. Multiple Channel Summing I/Q waveforms can be the summation of multiple channels, as shown in the following figure.
Page 212 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform Combining the I and Q Waveforms When the I and Q waveforms combine in the I/Q modulator to create an RF waveform, the magnitude of the RF envelope is , where the squaring of I and Q always results in a positive value.
Page 213: How Power Peaks Cause Spectral Regrowth
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform How Power Peaks Cause Spectral Regrowth In a waveform, high power peaks that occur infrequently cause the waveform to have a high peak– to–average power ratio, as illustrated in the following figure. Because the gain of a transmitter’s power amplifier is set to provide a specific average power, high peaks can cause the power amplifier to move toward saturation.
Page 214: How Clipping Reduces Peak-To-Average Power And Spectral Regrowth
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform How Clipping Reduces Peak–to–Average Power and Spectral Regrowth You can reduce peak–to–average power, and consequently spectral regrowth, by clipping the waveform. Clipping limits waveform power peaks by clipping the I and Q data to a selected percentage of its highest peak.
Page 215 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform Figure 8-10 Rectangular Clipping Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 216 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform Figure 8-11 Reduction of Peak–to–Average Power Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 217: Configuring Circular Clipping
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform Configuring Circular Clipping Use this example to configure circular clipping and observe its affect on the peak–to–average power ratio of a waveform. Circular clipping clips the composite I/Q data (I and Q data are clipped equally).
Page 218: Configuring Rectangular Clipping
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Clipping a Waveform Configuring Rectangular Clipping Use this example to configure rectangular clipping. Rectangular clipping clips the I and Q data independently. For more information about rectangular clipping, refer to “How Clipping Reduces Peak–to–Average Power and Spectral Regrowth”...
Page 219: Scaling A Waveform
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Scaling a Waveform Scaling a Waveform The signal generator uses an interpolation algorithm (sampling between the I/Q data points) when reconstructing a waveform. For common waveforms, this interpolation can cause overshoots, which may create a DAC over–range error condition.
Page 220: How Dac Over-Range Errors Occur
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Scaling a Waveform How DAC Over–Range Errors Occur The signal generator uses an interpolator filter when it converts digital I and Q baseband waveforms to analog waveforms. Because the clock rate of the interpolator is four times that of the baseband clock, the interpolator calculates sample points between the...
Page 221: How Scaling Eliminates Dac Over-Range Errors
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Scaling a Waveform How Scaling Eliminates DAC Over–Range Errors Scaling reduces the amplitude of the baseband waveform while maintaining its basic shape and characteristics, such as peak–to–average power ratio. If the fast–rising baseband waveform is scaled enough to allow an adequate margin for the interpolator filter overshoot, the interpolator filter can calculate sample points that include the...
Page 222: Setting Waveform Runtime Scaling
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Scaling a Waveform Setting Waveform Runtime Scaling Runtime scaling scales the waveform data during playback; it does not affect the stored data. You can apply runtime scaling to either a segment or sequence, and set the scaling value either while the ARB is on or off.
Page 223: Setting Waveform Scaling
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Scaling a Waveform Setting Waveform Scaling Waveform scaling differs from waveform runtime scaling in that it permanently affects waveform data and only applies to waveform segments stored in BBG media. You scale the waveform either up or down as a percentage of the DAC full scale (100%).
Page 224 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Scaling a Waveform 4. Name the copy (this example uses the name MY_TEST_SCAL) and press Enter. Apply Scaling to the Copied Waveform File This type of scaling is non–reversible. Any data lost in the scaling operation cannot be restored.
Page 225: Setting The Baseband Frequency Offset
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset The baseband frequency offset specifies a value to shift the baseband frequency up to ±50 MHz within the BBG 100 MHz signal bandwidth, depending on the signal generator’s baseband generator option.
Page 226 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset Changing the baseband frequency offset may cause a DAC over range condition that generates error 628, Baseband Generator DAC over . The signal generator incorporates an automatic scaling feature to range minimize this occurrence.
Page 227: Dac Over-Range Conditions And Scaling
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset Modulated carrier with 0 Hz Modulated carrier with 20 MHz Modulated RF signal baseband frequency offset baseband frequency offset LO/carrier feedthrough Spectrum analyzer set to a span of 100 MHz DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling When using the baseband frequency offset (at a setting other than 0 Hz), it is possible to create a DAC over–range condition, which causes the Keysight MXG/EXG to generate an error.
Page 228 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Setting the Baseband Frequency Offset Figure 8-14 Dual ARB DAC Over–Range Protection Softkey Location When the DAC over–range protection is off, eliminate over–range conditions by “Setting decreasing the scaling value (see Waveform Runtime Scaling” on page 204 Default setting is On.
Page 229: Using I/Q Modulation
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using I/Q Modulation Using I/Q Modulation The following factors contribute to error vector magnitude: — Differences in amplitude, phase, and delay between the I and Q channels — DC offsets The I/Q menu not only enables you to select the I/Q signal source and output, it also provides adjustments and calibrations to compensate for differences in the I and Q signals.
Page 230: Using The Rear Panel I And Q Output Connectors
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using I/Q Modulation Using the Rear Panel I and Q Output Connectors The rear panel I and Q output connectors only output a signal while using the internal BBG. In addition to modulating the carrier, the signal generator also routes the internally generated I and Q signals to the rear panel I and Q output connectors.
Page 231: Configuring The Front Panel I And Q Input Connectors
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using I/Q Modulation Configuring the Front Panel I and Q Input Connectors The signal generator accepts externally supplied analog I and Q signals through the front panel I Input and Q Input. You can use the external signals as the modulating source, or sum the external signals with the internal baseband generator signals.
Page 232: I/Q Adjustments
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 I/Q Adjustments I/Q Adjustments Use the I/Q Adjustments to compensate for or add impairments to the I/Q signal. Adjusts the I signal amplitude relative to the Q signal amplitude. Use this as an internal The DC offset values are calibrated relative to impairment, or to compensate for differences in the RMS waveform voltage being played out of...
Page 233: I/Q Calibration
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 I/Q Calibration Table 8-2 I/Q Adjustments Uses I/Q Adjustment Effect Impairment Offset Carrier feedthrough DC offset EVM error phase skew Quadrature Angle I/Q images I/Q path delay high sample rate phase I/Q Skew EVM error skew or I/Q path delay I/Q Gain Balance...
Page 234 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 I/Q Calibration DC optimizes the I/Q performance for the current instrument settings, and typically completes in several seconds. Changing any instrument setting after performing I/Q > I/Q Calibration a DC calibration voids the DC calibration and causes the signal generator to revert to the user calibration data (or factory-supplied calibration data, if no user calibration data exists)
Page 235: Using The Equalization Filter
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using the Equalization Filter Using the Equalization Filter An equalization FIR file can be created externally, uploaded via SCPI, and subsequently selected from the file system (refer to “Working with Files (Viewing/Storing/Loading/Moving)” on page 72).
Page 236 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using the Equalization Filter Figure 8-16 Int Equalization Filter Softkeys For details on each key, use key help I/Q > More page 56 as described on Enables the internal equalization filter. Opens a file catalog of FIR filters to select as the equalization filter. Equalization filters are typically complex and must have an oversample ratio of 1.
Page 237: Using Finite Impulse Response (Fir) Filters In The Dual Arb Real-Time Modulation Filter
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Finite Impulse Response filters can be used to compress single carrier I/Q waveforms down to just the I/Q constellation points and then define the transitions similar to the modulation filter in Arb Custom (refer to “Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation”...
Page 238: Creating A User-Defined Fir Filter Using The Fir Table Editor
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Creating a User–Defined FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor In this procedure, you use the FIR Values table editor to create and store an 8–symbol, windowed sync function filter with an oversample ratio of 4.
Page 239 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter 4. Continue entering the coefficient values from the table in step 1 until all 16 values have been entered. Table 8-3 Coefficient Value...
Page 240 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Setting the Oversample Ratio Modulation filters are real and have an oversample ratio (OSR) of two or greater. Equalization filters are typically complex and must have an OSR of one (refer to “Using the Equalization Filter”...
Page 241 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Figure 8-20 For details on each key, use key page 56 help as described on 2. Press Return. 3. Press Display Impulse Response. Refer to Figure 8-21.
Page 242 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters in the Dual ARB Real-Time Modulation Filter Figure 8-22 These keys manage the table of DMOD files in internal storage. Catalog displays FIR files that have page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on been previously saved by the user.
Page 243: Modifying A Fir Filter Using The Fir Table Editor
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor FIR filters stored in signal generator memory can easily be modified using the FIR table editor. You can load the FIR table editor with coefficient values from user–defined FIR files stored in non–...
Page 244: Modifying The Coefficients
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Figure 8-24 For details on each key, use key page 56 help as described on 7. Press Return. Modifying the Coefficients 1. Using the front panel arrow keys, highlight coefficient 15. 2.
Page 245: Storing The Filter To Memory
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Storing the Filter to Memory The maximum file name length is 23 characters (alphanumeric and special characters). 1. Press Return > Return > Load/Store > Store To File. 2.
Page 246 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 247: Using The Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator The custom real-time format enables you to create unframed digital modulation with user-defined data, filtering, symbol rate, modulation type, burst shape, differential data encoding, and other format parameters.
Page 248: Creating User-Defined Custom Modulation
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator Creating User-Defined Custom Modulation This section shows you how to perform the following tasks: “Selecting Data” on page 230 “Configuring the Filter” on page 230 “Selecting a Symbol Rate”...
Page 249 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator 5. Press Fall Delay > .667 > bits. This configures the burst shape for the custom real-time I/Q baseband digital modulation format. For instructions on creating and applying user-defined burst shape curves, see “Using Customized Burst Shape Curves”...
Page 250: Setting The Real-Time Modulation Filter
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Setting the Real-Time Modulation Filter Setting the Real-Time Modulation Filter The real-time modulation filter effectively compresses a single carrier I/Q waveform down to just the I/Q constellation points and then controls the transitions similar to the modulation filter in Arb Custom modulation.
Page 251 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Setting the Real-Time Modulation Filter Common uses for the real-time modulation feature include: — Where the single carrier rectangular ideal I/Q symbol decision points are known and are to have an over-sampled filter applied. —...
Page 252: Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Available in the Dual ARB menu, this feature lets you set up a master/slave system of up to sixteen Keysight MXG/EXGs so that the baseband generators (BBG) synchronize the playing of waveforms. The system count includes one Keysight MXG/EXG to function as the master (see “Equipment Setup”...
Page 253 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Figure 8-28 Multiple BBG Synchronization Front Panel Displays Mode > Dual ARB > Arb Setup > More > Multi-BBG Sync Setup Master Display and Available Softkeys Select Off, Master, or Slave This is a persistent setting that survives both preset and cycling the power.
Page 254: Understanding The Master/Slave System
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Understanding the Master/Slave System System Delay The multiple BBG synchronization feature provides a system for synchronizing the waveform generation capability of up to 16 signal generators to within a characteristic value of ± 8 ns between the master and the last slave.
Page 255: Equipment Setup
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization If the trigger settings are other than what the BBG synchronization feature supports, the feature changes the trigger settings to what is shown on page 234. When this change occurs, the Keysight MXG/EXG generates a settings conflict error to alert you to the changes.
Page 256 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization The baseband synchronization feature limits the trigger selections for both the master and slaves. If the current trigger settings include unsupported BBG synchronization parameters, the Keysight MXG/EXG generates a settings conflict error and changes the trigger settings. To avoid the settings conflict error, manually set the trigger parameters as shown on page 234 prior to setting the multiple BBG synchronization parameters.
Page 257 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization 1. On the master, press the Sync Slaves softkey. All of the signal generators in the master/slave system must be resynchronized when any changes are made to the master/slave settings or with the addition of a slave instrument, even if appears after In Sync...
Page 258: Making Changes To The Multiple Synchronization Setup And Resynchronizing The Master/Slave System
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Making Changes to the Multiple Synchronization Setup and Resynchronizing the Master/Slave System If any changes are made to the master/slave parameters or a signal generator (slave unit) is added to the system, the system must be resynchronized even if In Sync appears in the Status portion of the display.
Page 259: Configuring The Option 012 (Lo In/Out For Phase Coherency) With Mimo
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization This section assumes that the previous section on Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization has been read and understood.
Page 260 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization — The phase coherency feature only applies to the Dual ARB modulation mode. — All cables from the splitter output to the instrument inputs should be of equal lengths. Table 8-5 Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) Equipment MIMO Configuration...
Page 261 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization 2x2 MIMO (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) Configuration For the 2x2 MIMO (LO In/Out for phase coherency) setup, the LO from the master MXG/EXG can be run through a power splitter and used as the LO input to both the master and the slave signal generators.
Page 262 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Understanding Option 012 (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) with Multiple Baseband Generator Synchronization Figure 8-31 3x3 and 4x4 MIMO (LO In/Out for Phase Coherency) Equipment Setup Note: A SMA flexible cable is recommended for the input to the 4–way splitter connections to the LO IN and LO OUT of the instruments with Option 012 (see page 241).
Page 263: Using Real-Time Applications Softkeys
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Using Real-Time Applications Softkeys Using Real-Time Applications Softkeys The Keysight X-Series signal generators provide access to several real-time applications for signal creation. Figure 8-32 Real-Time Applications Softkeys page 154 page 256 page 256 page 330 page 311 page 332 page 185 Licensed Signal Studio applications are displayed here.
Page 264: Waveform Licensing
Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing Waveform Licensing Waveform licensing enables you to license waveforms that you generate and download from any Signal Studio application for unlimited playback in a signal generator. Each licensing option (221-229) allows you to permanently license up to five waveforms or (250-259) allows you to permanently license up to 50 waveforms of your choice (i.e.
Page 265 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing Waveform Licensing Softkeys Figure 8-33 Waveform Licensing Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > More Note: Waveforms licensed with Option 2xx cannot be exchanged for other waveforms. Once a waveform is locked into a license slot, that license is permanent and cannot be revoked or replaced.
Page 266 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing Figure 8-34 Waveform Licensing Softkeys Note: Waveforms licensed with Option 2xx cannot be “exchanged”. Once a slot is locked, Mode > Dual ARB > More > that license for the waveform in the locked slot is permanent and cannot be revoked or Waveform Licensing >...
Page 267 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing Figure 8-35 Waveform Licensing Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > More > Waveform Licensing > Lock Waveform in Slot Press this softkey to confirm that you want to lock the waveform into the slot for permanent licensing.
Page 268 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing Table 8-6 Waveform Licensing Slot Status Messages Status Column Meaning Notes Locked MM/DD/YY The slot is locked and can no longer The waveform in this slot is licensed be modified. to this signal generator for unlimited playback.
Page 269 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing Example: Licensing a Signal Studio Waveform The following steps add a waveform file to a license slot and lock the slot for permanent playback. 1. Press Mode > Dual ARB > More > Waveform Utilities > Waveform Licensing The signal generator displays a catalog of files labeled: Catalog of BBG Segment Files in BBG Memory.
Page 270 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing 4. License the waveform: a. Press Lock Waveform in Slot. A warning is displayed: *** Waveform Lock Warning!!! ***. If necessary, verify you have selected the correct waveform you want for licensing by pressing Return. Figure 8-37 Waveform Lock Warning b.
Page 271 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing Waveform Licensing Warning Messages Figure 8-39 This standard warning is displayed every time a waveform is selected to be locked. This notification indicates that one of the available “license slots” is about to be used from Option 2xx.
Page 272 Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options 653/655/656/657 Waveform Licensing Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 273: Using Custom Digital Modulation For N5172B/82B With Option 431 And
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 The features described in this chapter are available only in Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators with Option 431 Custom Digital Modulation. Option 431 requires Option 653 or 655 (N5172B) or Option 656 or 657 (N5182B).
Page 274: Using Arb Custom Modulation Softkeys
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys When creating custom modulation, the signal generator offers two modes of operation: — ARB Custom Modulation mode — Real-Time Custom Modulation mode Both modes of operation are used to build complex, digitally modulated signals that simulate communication standards with the flexibility to modify existing digital formats, define or create digitally modulated signals, and add signal impairments.
Page 275: Arb Custom Modulation Mode
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys ARB Custom Modulation Mode The ARB Custom Modulation mode has built-in modulation formats such as NADC or GSM and pre-defined modulation types such as BPSK and 16QAM that can be used to create a signal. It also provides the flexibility to modify the digital format’s attributes.
Page 276 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Figure 9-2 ARB Custom Modulation, Quick Setup Softkeys Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup This softkey label shows the currently selected modulation standard. page 281 page 259 page 292...
Page 277 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Figure 9-3 ARB Custom Modulation, Modulation Type (Mod Type) Softkeys Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup page 258 page 277 page 292 page 260 Sets the modulation depth for the Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).
Page 278 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Figure 9-4 Custom Modulation Formats and Applications Figure 9-5 Store Custom Dig Mod State Softkeys Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup > Store Custom Dig Mod State page 280 Catalog displays digital modulation (DMOD) files that have been previously...
Page 279 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband The real-time mode simulates single-channel communication using user-defined modulation types along with custom FIR filters, and symbol rates. Data can be downloaded from an external source into PRAM memory or supplied as real time data using an external input.
Page 280 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Figure 9-6 Real-Time Custom Modulation Softkeys page 154 page 257 Enables the current custom real-time page 245 modulation settings. page 263 page 311 Opens a menu from which you can set burst shape parameters.
Page 281 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Figure 9-7 Real-Time Custom Modulation, Modulation Setup Softkeys Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup This softkey label shows the currently selected page 264 page 292 page 266 Press Symbol Rate...
Page 282 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using ARB Custom Modulation Softkeys Figure 9-8 Real-Time Custom Modulation, Modulation Type (Mod Type) Softkeys Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup page 263 page 282 page 283 page 292 page 265 These symbol maps utilize Gray coded bit mapping.
Page 283: Creating And Using Bit Files
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Creating and Using Bit Files Creating and Using Bit Files This procedure teaches you how to use the Bit File Editor to create, edit, and store user-defined files for data transmission within real time I/Q baseband generated modulation. For this example, a user file is defined within a custom digital communications format.
Page 284: Creating A User File
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Creating and Using Bit Files Creating a User File Accessing the Table Editor 1. Press Preset. 2. Press Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup > Data > User File > Create File.
Page 285: Renaming And Saving A User File
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Creating and Using Bit Files Figure 9-11 Entering Bit Values Enter these bit Cursor Position Hexadecimal values Indicator Data Renaming and Saving a User File In this example, you learn how to store a user file. If you have not created a user file, complete the steps in the previous section, “Creating a User File”...
Page 286: Recalling A User File
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Creating and Using Bit Files Recalling a User File In this example, you learn how to recall a user-defined data file from the memory catalog. If you have not created and stored a user-defined data file, complete the steps in the previous sections, “Creating a User File”...
Page 287: Applying Bit Errors To A User File
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Creating and Using Bit Files Inverting Bit Values 1. Press 1011. This inverts the bit values that are positioned 4C through 4F. Notice that hex data in this row has now changed to 76DB6DB6, as shown in the following figure.
Page 288: Using Customized Burst Shape Curves
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Customized Burst Shape Curves Using Customized Burst Shape Curves You can adjust the shape of the rise time curve and the fall time curve using the Rise Shape and Fall Shape editors.
Page 289 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Customized Burst Shape Curves — the modulation type When the rise and fall delays equal 0, the burst shape is attempting to synchronize the maximum burst shape power to the beginning of the first valid symbol and the ending of the last valid symbol of the timeslot.
Page 290: Creating A User-Defined Burst Shape Curve
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Customized Burst Shape Curves Figure 9-14 Burst Shape Softkeys Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on Creating a User-Defined Burst Shape Curve Using this procedure, you learn how to enter rise shape sample values and mirror them as fall shape values to create a symmetrical burst curve.
Page 291 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Customized Burst Shape Curves Entering Sample Values Use the sample values in the following table. Rise Shape Editor Sample Value Sample Value 0.000000 0.830000 0.400000 0.900000 0.600000 1.000000 0.750000 1.
Page 292: Storing A User-Defined Burst Shape Curve
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Customized Burst Shape Curves Display the Burst Shape Press Display Burst Shape. This displays a graphical representation of the waveform’s rise and fall characteristics, as shown in Figure 9-16.
Page 293 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Customized Burst Shape Curves 1. Press Preset. 2. Press Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Burst Shape > Burst Shape Type > User File. 3. Highlight the desired burst shape file (for example, NEWBURST). 4.
Page 294: Using The Arbitrary Waveform Generator
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator This section teaches you how to build dual arbitrary (ARB) waveform files containing custom digital modulation for testing component designs. Custom ARB digital modulation creates waveforms using modulation types, filtering, symbol rates, and other parameters defined by digital communications standards.
Page 295: Creating A Custom Digital Modulation State
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Configuring the RF Output 1. Set the RF output frequency to 891 MHz. 2. Set the output amplitude to −5 dBm. 3. Press RF On/Off. The predefined EDGE signal is now available at the signal generator’s RF OUTPUT connector.
Page 296 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 9-19 Modifying a Digital Modulation Type Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup > page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on Modulation Type >...
Page 297: Storing A Custom Digital Modulation State
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Selecting the Filter 1. In the Setup Mod menu (page 277), press Filter > Select > Nyquist. 2. Press Return > Return. Generating the Waveform Press Digital Modulation Off On.
Page 298: Recalling A Custom Digital Modulation State
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 9-20 Storing a Custom Digital Modulation State Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup page 57 These keys manage the table of DMOD files in internal storage.
Page 299: Defining A Modulation
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator If you have not created and stored a user-defined, single–carrier, digital modulation state, complete the steps in the previous sections, Creating a Custom Digital Modulation State page 277 and Storing a Custom Digital Modulation State on page 279, then preset the signal...
Page 300 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Building an Asymmetric FSK Modulation with the FSK Table Editor You can use the FSK table editor to create customized asymmetric FSK modulation of up to 16 levels, then apply the custom FSK modulation to one of the modulation standards.
Page 301 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 9-22 FSK Table Editor Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup > Modulation Type > Define User FSK For details on each key, use key page 56 help as described on Mapping I/Q Values with the I/Q Table Editor...
Page 302 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator By modulating the carrier to one of several predetermined positions in the I/Q plane, you can then transmit encoded information. Each position or state represents a certain bit pattern that can be decoded at the receiver.
Page 303 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 9-25 STAR QAM Diagram and Table Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 304 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 9-26 shows the X-Series setup and the I/Q display. Figure 9-26 Custom Modulation and I/Q Display Hints for Constructing Modulations — The map is limited to 16 total signal levels for I and Q combined. The readout on the right-hand side of the table tracks the number of I and Q levels utilized.
Page 305 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Figure 9-28 16QAM I/Q Map with Even and Uneven Levels Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 306: Creating A Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Creating a Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State In this procedure, you learn how to customize a predefined, multicarrier, digital modulation setup by creating a custom, 3–carrier EDGE, digital modulation state. This section teaches you how to perform the following tasks: —...
Page 307 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Creating a Multicarrier Digital Modulation Setup 1. Press Preset. 2. Press Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Multicarrier Off On to On. 3. Press Multicarrier Setup > Select Carrier and Initialize Table > Carrier Setup > EDGE > Done. Modifying Carrier Frequency Offset 1.
Page 308: Storing A Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Storing a Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State Using this procedure, you learn how to store a custom, multicarrier, digital modulation state to non–volatile memory. If you have not created a custom, multicarrier, digital modulation state, complete the steps in the previous section, “Creating a Custom Multicarrier Digital Modulation State”...
Page 309 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Arbitrary Waveform Generator Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 310: Using Finite Impulse Response (Fir) Filters With Custom Modulation
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Finite Impulse Response filters can be used to refine the transitions between symbol decision points of the generated waveforms.
Page 311 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Occupied Bandwidth = Symbol Rate x (1 + α) The NADC and TETRA standards specify an alpha of 0.35. PDC and PHS standards specify an alpha of 0.50.
Page 312: Creating A User-Defined Fir Filter Using The Fir Table Editor
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation To change the filter Bbt, press Mode > Real-Time Custom Modulation > Modulation Setup > Filter > Select Gaussian > Filter Bbt. Enter a new value between 0.1 and 1.
Page 313 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation 3. Use the numeric keypad to type the first value (−0.000076) from Table 9-1. As you press the numeric keys, the numbers are displayed in the active entry area. (If you make a mistake, you can correct it using the backspace key.) 4.
Page 314 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Duplicating the First 16 Coefficients Using Mirror Table In a windowed sinc function filter, the second half of the coefficients are identical to the first half in reverse order.
Page 315 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Figure 9-35 For details on each key, use key page 56 help as described on 2. Press Return. 3. Press Display Impulse Response. Refer to Figure 9-36.
Page 316 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters with Custom Modulation Figure 9-37 These keys manage the table of DMOD files in internal storage. Catalog displays FIR files that have page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on been previously saved by the user.
Page 317: Modifying A Fir Filter Using The Fir Table Editor
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor FIR filters stored in signal generator memory can easily be modified using the FIR table editor. You can load the FIR table editor with coefficient values from user–defined FIR files stored in non–...
Page 318: Modifying The Coefficients
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor 5. Press Filter Symbols > 8 > Enter. 6. Press Generate. The actual oversample ratio during modulation is automatically selected by the instrument.
Page 319: Storing The Filter To Memory
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Modifying a FIR Filter Using the FIR Table Editor 5. Highlight coefficient 15. 6. Press 1 > Enter. Storing the Filter to Memory The maximum file name length is 23 characters (alphanumeric and special characters). 1.
Page 320: Using The Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator The custom real-time format enables you to create unframed digital modulation with user-defined data, filtering, symbol rate, modulation type, burst shape, differential data encoding, and other format parameters.
Page 321: Creating User-Defined Custom Modulation
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator Creating User-Defined Custom Modulation This section teaches you how to perform the following tasks: “Selecting Data” on page 303 “Configuring the Filter” on page 303 “Selecting a Symbol Rate”...
Page 322 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Using the Custom Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator This configures the burst shape for the custom real-time I/Q baseband digital modulation format. For instructions on creating and applying user-defined burst shape curves, “Using Customized Burst Shape Curves”...
Page 323: Differential Encoding
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Differential Encoding Differential Encoding Differential encoding is a digital–encoding technique whereby a binary value is denoted by a signal change rather than a particular signal state. Using differential encoding, binary data in any user– defined I/Q or FSK modulation can be encoded during the modulation process via symbol table offsets defined in the Differential State Map.
Page 324 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Differential Encoding Entering a value of +1 will cause a 1–state forward transition through the I/Q State Map, as shown in the following illustration. The following I/Q State Map illustrations show all of the possible state transitions using a particular symbol table offset value.
Page 325 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Differential Encoding These symbol table offsets will result in one of the transitions, as shown. Data Value 00000001 Data Value 00000000 with Symbol Table Offset –1 with Symbol Table Offset +1 transition 1 state backward transition 1 state forward Data Value 00000010...
Page 326: Using Differential Encoding
Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Differential Encoding When applied to the user–defined default 4QAM I/Q map, starting from the 1st symbol (data 00), the differential encoding transitions for the data stream (in 2–bit symbols) 0011100001 appear in the following illustration.
Page 327 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Differential Encoding Press Mode > ARB Custom Modulation > Single Carrier Setup > Quick Setup (desired format) > Modulation Type > Select > More > Define User I/Q > More 1 of 2 > Load Default I/Q Map > QAM >...
Page 328 Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and 653/655/656/657 Differential Encoding This encodes the first symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 1. The symbol rotates forward through the state map by 1 value when a data value of 0 is modulated. 2.
Page 329: Using Multitone And Two-Tone Waveforms For N5172B/82B With Option 430 And
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 10 Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 The features described in this chapter are available only in Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators with Option 430 Multitone and Two-Tone.
Page 330: Using Multitone Softkeys
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Multitone Softkeys Using Multitone Softkeys Multitone Softkeys This softkey is active if changes have been made to the current Multitone waveform in the table editor. The softkey must be pressed to apply those changes. page 312 page 313 page 314...
Page 331: Configuring Tone Powers And Tone Phases
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Multitone Softkeys Figure 10-1 The Random Seed softkey that affects the Multitone’s phase values is not used in the following examples and is shown for reference, only. page 56 For details on each key, use key help as described on 5.
Page 332: Applying Changes To An Active Multitone Signal
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Multitone Softkeys 2. Set the output amplitude to 0 dBm. 3. Press RF On/Off. The multitone waveform is now available at the signal generator’s RF OUTPUT connector. Applying Changes to an Active Multitone Signal If the multitone generator is currently in use (Multitone Off On set to On) while changes are made in the Multitone Setup table editor, you must apply the changes before the updated waveform...
Page 333 Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Multitone Softkeys Recalling a Multitone Waveform Using this procedure, you learn how to recall a multitone waveform from the signal generator’s memory catalog. If you have not created and stored a multitone waveform, complete the steps in the previous sections, Creating a Custom Multitone Waveform on page 311 and...
Page 334: Creating A Custom Two-Tone Waveform
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Creating a Custom Two–Tone Waveform Creating a Custom Two–Tone Waveform Using the Two-Tone menu, you can define, and modify user–defined Two–Tone waveforms. Two– Tone waveforms are generated by the dual arbitrary waveform generator. The section Using Two–Tone Softkeys on page 317 teaches you how to perform the following...
Page 335: Using Two-Tone Softkeys
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Two–Tone Softkeys Using Two–Tone Softkeys In the following sections, this chapter describes the two–tone mode, which is available only in Keysight X-Series vector signal generators with Option 430: —...
Page 336: Creating A Two-Tone Waveform
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Two–Tone Softkeys Creating a Two–Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to create a basic, centered, two–tone waveform. 1. Preset the signal generator. 2. Set the signal generator RF output frequency to 6 GHz. 3.
Page 337: Minimizing Carrier Feedthrough
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Two–Tone Softkeys 7. Set the attenuation to 4 dB, so you’re not overdriving the input mixer on the spectrum analyzer. You should now see a two–tone waveform with a 6 GHz center carrier frequency that is similar to the one shown in Figure 10-3 on page 319.
Page 338: Changing The Alignment Of A Two-Tone Waveform
Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Two–Tone Softkeys 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you have reached the lowest possible carrier feedthrough level. 6. On the spectrum analyzer, return the resolution bandwidth to its previous setting. 7.
Page 339 Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Two–Tone Softkeys Whenever a change is made to a setting while the two–tone generator is operating (Two Tone Off On set to On), you must apply the change by pressing the Apply Settings softkey before the updated waveform will be generated.
Page 340 Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and 653/655/656/657 Using Two–Tone Softkeys Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 341: Adding Real-Time Noise To A Signal For N5172B/82B With Option 403 And
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 11 Adding Real–Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and 653/655/656/657 The features described in this chapter are available only in Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators with Option 403 Calibrated AWGN.
Page 342: Adding Real-Time Noise (Awgn) To A Dual Arb Waveform
Adding Real–Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and 653/655/656/657 Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform The procedures in this section that pertain specifically to adding Real–Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB waveform, are applicable to the Custom ARB, Multitone, and Two–Tone modulation standards too.
Page 343 Adding Real–Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and 653/655/656/657 Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform Figure 11-1 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN Softkeys For details on each key, use key help page 56 as described on This is the stand–alone Real–...
Page 344 Adding Real–Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and 653/655/656/657 Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform Figure 11-2 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN - Power Control Mode Softkeys For details on each key, use key help Mode >...
Page 345: Eb/No Adjustment Softkeys For Real Time I/Q Baseband Awgn
Adding Real–Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and 653/655/656/657 Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform Figure 11-3 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN - Noise Mux Menu Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > Arb Setup > Real-Time AWGN Setup >...
Page 346 Adding Real–Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and 653/655/656/657 Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform Figure 11-5 Real Time I/Q Baseband AWGN - E Adjustment Softkeys Mode > Dual ARB > Arb Setup > Real-Time AWGN Setup Figure 11-6 on page 328 provides additional details on these settings.
Page 347 Adding Real–Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and 653/655/656/657 Adding Real-Time Noise (AWGN) to a Dual ARB Waveform Carrier Bandwidth (CBW) is typically the occupied bandwidth of the carrier and the Noise Bandwidth is the flat noise bandwidth (NBW). The carrier now appears larger because of the added noise power.
Page 348: Using Real-Time Awgn Softkeys
Adding Real–Time Noise to a Signal for N5172B/82B with Option 403 and 653/655/656/657 Using Real-Time AWGN Softkeys Using Real-Time AWGN Softkeys Figure 11-7 Real Time AWGN Softkeys (Using the I/Q Baseband) For details on each key, use key help page 56 as described on Use the following steps to apply 10 MHz bandwidth noise to a 500 MHz, –10 dBm carrier.
Page 349: Using Real-Time Phase Noise Impairments For N5172B/82B With Option 432 And
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 12 Using Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments for N5172B/82B with Option 432 and 653/655/656/657 The features described in this chapter are available only in Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators with Option 432 Phase Noise Impairment.
Page 350: Using Real-Time Phase Noise Impairment Softkeys
Using Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments for N5172B/82B with Option 432 and 653/655/656/657 Using Real-Time Phase Noise Impairment Softkeys Using Real-Time Phase Noise Impairment Softkeys This feature lets you degrade the phase noise performance of the signal generator by controlling two frequency points and an amplitude value. The signal generator adds this phase noise to the phase noise normally produced by the signal generator.
Page 351: Phase Noise Shape And Additive Phase Noise Impairments
Using Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments for N5172B/82B with Option 432 and 653/655/656/657 Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments Keysight X-Series Phase Noise Plots Without Phase Noise Impairment −50 dBc/Hz −50 dBc/Hz The Keysight X-Series vector signal generator demonstrates a definitive shape to its phase noise plot.
Page 352 Using Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments for N5172B/82B with Option 432 and 653/655/656/657 Phase Noise Shape and Additive Phase Noise Impairments Phase Noise Plots With Phase Noise Impairments Fl at mi d–freq uen cy o ffset −50 dBc/Hz −50 dBc/Hz cha racteristics (L mid) When turned on, this phase noise is added 100 Hz...
Page 353: Understanding The Phase Noise Adjustments
Using Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments for N5172B/82B with Option 432 and 653/655/656/657 Understanding the Phase Noise Adjustments Understanding the Phase Noise Adjustments The signal generator bases the resultant phase noise shape on three settings, Lmid (amplitude), f1 (start frequency), and f2 (stop frequency). The range for Lmid is coupled to f2, so as f2 increases in value, Lmid’s upper boundary decreases.
Page 354: Dac Over-Range Conditions And Scaling
Using Real–Time Phase Noise Impairments for N5172B/82B with Option 432 and 653/655/656/657 DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling DAC Over–Range Conditions and Scaling When using phase noise impairment, it is possible to create a DAC over–range condition, which causes the signal generator to generate an error. To minimize this condition with the phase noise impairment feature, the Keysight X-Series signal generator incorporates an automatic DAC over–...
Page 355: Using Real-Time Fading For N5172B/82B With Option 660 And
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 13 Using Real–Time Fading for N5172B/82B with Option 660 and 653/655/656/657 The feature described in this chapter is available only in Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators with Option 660 Upgrade Baseband Generator with Real-Time Capability.
Page 356: Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys
Using Real–Time Fading for N5172B/82B with Option 660 and 653/655/656/657 Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys This feature lets you open a menu to configure Real-Time Fading simulations. Figure 13-1 Real-Time Fading Softkeys - Turns off Fading Mode; do not route through the Fading path.
Page 357: To Configure A Real-Time Fading Simulation
Using Real–Time Fading for N5172B/82B with Option 660 and 653/655/656/657 Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys To configure a Real-Time Fading simulation When configuring a Real-Time Fading simulation, perform the following steps: 1. Press Mode 2. Press Fading Mode (Default selection is Off.) 3.
Page 358 Using Real–Time Fading for N5172B/82B with Option 660 and 653/655/656/657 Using Real-Time Fading Softkeys Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 359 Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 14 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Option 302, avionics license, is available only on Keysight N5171B/72B EXG and N5181B/82B MXG X-Series signal generators with serial numbers ≥...
Page 360: Using Vor [Vhf Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys The purpose of the VOR system is to provide directional information for aircraft in flight. VOR ground based transmitter stations are strategically located to provide complete coverage for air traffic.
Page 361 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys When using a Keysight N5171B/72B EXG or N5181B/82B MXG X-Series signal generator with Option 302 avionics license to simulate VOR signals, the 30 Hz reference signal (REF Freq) is placed on a sub-carrier of 9960 Hz (SubCarrier Freq) using frequency modulation with a peak deviation set to 480 Hz (REF Deviation).
Page 362 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys Figure 14-4 VOR Softkeys - Turns off all VOR modulation; - Sets a Carrier Frequency by selecting an Index from 1 to 160. VOR carrier remains on.
Page 363: To Set The Vor Mode That Produces A Full Or Partial Vor Signal
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set the VOR mode that produces a full or partial VOR signal 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press VOR Mode (Default selection is OFF.) 3.
Page 364 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys Because VOR carrier frequencies and ILS Localizer carrier frequencies have a frequency range that overlaps, only frequencies where the 100 kHz digit is even (tenths of a megacycle count is even) are used as VOR carrier frequencies.
Page 365: To Set The Vor Bearing Angle Between The Var Signal And The Ref Signal
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys 110.60 112.90 114.50 116.10 117.70 110.65 112.95 114.55 116.15 117.75 110.80 113.00 114.60 116.20 117.80 110.85 113.05 114.65 116.25 117.85 111.00 113.10 114.70 116.30 117.90 111.05...
Page 366: To Set The Vor Bearing Direction As From Or To
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set the VOR bearing direction as From or To 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press Bearing 3. Press Direction (Default selection is From.) 4.
Page 367: To Set The Amount Of Fm Deviation That The 30 Hz Reference Signal (Ref Freq) Applies On The Sub-Carrier
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set the amount of FM deviation that the 30 Hz reference signal (REF Freq) applies on the sub-carrier 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2.
Page 368: To Set The Frequency Of The Sub-Carrier Signal (Subcarrier Freq)
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set the frequency of the sub-carrier signal (SubCarrier Freq) 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press REF/VAR 3. Press SubCarrier Freq (Default <value>...
Page 369: To Set Or Return The Vor Subsystem Parameters To A Default State
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys To set or return the VOR subsystem parameters to a default state 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press More 1 of 2 3.
Page 370: Example Of Setting All Vor Parameters
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys Example of Setting All VOR Parameters 1. Press Preset to place the signal generator in a known preset state. 2. Set the VOR carrier frequency. a.
Page 371 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using VOR [VHF Omnidirectional Range] Softkeys a. Press SubCarrier Freq (Default <value> is 9960 Hz.) b. (Optional) Select a <value> from 0 Hz to 20 kHz. 9. Set the sub-carrier AM depth that modulates the VOR carrier. a.
Page 372: Using Com/Id Softkeys
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using COM/ID Softkeys Using COM/ID Softkeys The purpose of COM/ID commands are to set parameters related to airport communication identification codes. (This code may also be referred to as an, “airport call-sign”.) During VOR testing, a COM/ID code is transmitted as a three letter Morse-code signal of 1.02000 kHz and is placed on the VOR carrier;...
Page 373: To Set The Com/Id On Or Off
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using COM/ID Softkeys To set the COM/ID on or off 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press COM/ID (Default is COM/ID Off.) 3. Select either COM/ID Off | COM/ID On These softkeys toggle COM/ID Off (0) or On (1).
Page 374: To Set The Com/Id Tone/Code Modulating Frequency
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using COM/ID Softkeys The COM/ID code is transmitted as a three letter-code signal of 1.02000 kHz and is placed on the VOR carrier; this COM/ID code is used to identify the VOR ground-based transmitting station.
Page 375: To Set Or Return The Com/Id Parameters To A Default State
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using COM/ID Softkeys To set or return the COM/ID parameters to a default state 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > VOR 2. Press COM/ID 3. Press More 1 of 2 4.
Page 376: Example Of Setting All Com/Id Parameters
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using COM/ID Softkeys Example of Setting All COM/ID Parameters 1. Press Preset to place the signal generator in a known preset state. 2. Set the COM/ID type to Code. a.
Page 377 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using COM/ID Softkeys a. Press Amptd (Default <value> is around -144 dBm, and depends on the signal generator model being used, so the signal may be very low and hard to find if you do not specify a high enough power level.) b.
Page 378: Using Ils Localizer Softkeys
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Using ILS Localizer Softkeys An ILS [Instrument Landing System] is a navigation system, used by aircraft to obtain guidance to a runway (performing a “runway approach” while attempting to land the aircraft) and includes the following three functions operating in tandem (working together): —...
Page 379 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Figure 14-8 ILS Localizer: 108.10 MHz w/ 90 Hz AM (Left), 150 Hz AM (Right) @ 20% Figure 14-9 ILS Glide Slope: 334.70 MHz w/ 90 Hz AM (Up), 150 Hz AM (Down) @ 40% Figure 14-10 ILS Marker Beacons: 75 MHz, Inner 3000 Hz, Middle 1300 Hz, Outer 400 Hz Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 380 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Figure 14-11 ILS Localizer 108.1 MHz (1), AM Composite Signal: 90 Hz (2), 150 Hz (3) Figure 14-12 ILS Localizer 108.1 MHz (1) w/ AM Composite Signal w/ 90 Hz (2), 150 Hz (3) Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 381 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Figure 14-13 ILS Localizer Softkeys - Turns off the Left (90 Hz) and Right (150 Hz) - Sets a Carrier Frequency by selecting an Index from 1 to 40. ILS Localizer signals (Default: Index is 1 and corresponds to 108.10 MHz) - Turns on the Left (90 Hz)
Page 382: To Set The Ils Localizer Mode To Produce A Full Or Partial Signal
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys To set the ILS Localizer mode to produce a full or partial signal 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Localizer 2. Press ILS LOC Mode (Default selection is OFF.) 3.
Page 383 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Figure 14-14 ILS Localizer 108.1 MHz (1) w/ AM 40% SDM Applied: 90 Hz (2), 150 Hz (3) Figure 14-15 ILS Localizer 108.1 MHz (1) with Suppress Left and AM 150 Hz On (3) Figure 14-16 ILS Localizer 108.1 MHz (1) with AM 90 Hz On (2) and Suppress Right Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 384: To Set The Ils Localizer Carrier Frequency
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys To set the ILS Localizer carrier frequency 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Localizer 2. Press Carrier Freq Index (Default <value> is 1 and corresponds to 108.10 MHz.) 3.
Page 385: To Set The Ils Localizer Left Frequency
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys 12=109.15 12=331.25 32=111.15 32=331.55 13=109.30 13=332.00 33=111.30 33=332.30 14=109.35 14=331.85 34=111.35 34=332.15 15=109.50 15=332.60 35=111.50 35=332.90 16=109.55 16=332.45 36=111.55 36=332.75 17=109.70 17=333.20 37=111.70 37=333.50 18=109.75 18=333.05 38=111.75 38=333.35...
Page 386: To Set The Ils Localizer Phase Of The Right Signal Relative To The Left
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys To set the ILS Localizer phase of the right signal relative to the left 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Localizer 2. Press Left/Right Phase (Default <value>...
Page 387 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys When this formula yields a positive DDM value, the left signal at 90 Hz is stronger; this is indicating that the aircraft is to the Left of the ILS Localizer centerline signal and would have to Fly “Right”...
Page 388: To Set The Ils Localizer Ddm Value
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Example: To correct if the right signal at 150 Hz is stronger at 0.2 DDM, the aircraft would have to be pointed Left (:AVIonics:ILSLocalizer:FLY:DIRection LEFT) with a DDM of 0.2 (:AVIonics:ILSLocalizer:DDM 0.2) To set the ILS Localizer DDM value...
Page 389: To Set The Ils Localizer Ddm Value As A Percentage (%)
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys To set the ILS Localizer DDM value as a percentage (%) 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Localizer 2. Press DDM/SDM 3. Press DDM% (Default <value>...
Page 390: To Set Or Return The Ils Localizer Parameters To A Default State
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys To set or return the ILS Localizer parameters to a default state 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Localizer 2. Press More 1 of 2 3.
Page 391: Example Of Setting All Ils Localizer Parameters
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys Example of Setting All ILS Localizer Parameters 1. Press Preset to place the signal generator in a known preset state. 2. Set the ILS Localizer carrier frequency. a.
Page 392 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Localizer Softkeys b. (Optional) Select a <value> from 0 - 99% and press Enter. 9. Set the ILS Localizer mode. a. Press ILS LOC Mode (Default selection is OFF.) b.
Page 393: Using Ils Glide Slope Softkeys
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys An ILS [Instrument Landing System] is a navigation system, used by aircraft to obtain guidance to a runway (performing a “runway approach” while attempting to land the aircraft) and includes the following three functions operating in tandem (working together): —...
Page 394 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Figure 14-18 ILS Localizer: 108.10 MHz w/ 90 Hz AM (Left), 150 Hz AM (Right) @ 20% Figure 14-19 ILS Glide Slope: 334.70 MHz w/ 90 Hz AM (Up), 150 Hz AM (Down) @ 40% Figure 14-20 ILS Marker Beacons: 75 MHz, Inner 3000 Hz, Middle 1300 Hz, Outer 400 Hz Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 395 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Figure 14-21 ILS Glide Slope 334.7 MHz (1), AM Composite Signal: 90 Hz (2), 150 Hz (3) For details on each key, use key help page 56 as described on Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 396 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Figure 14-22 ILS Glide Slope Softkeys - Turns off the Up (90 Hz) and Down (150 Hz) - Sets a Carrier Frequency by selecting an Index from 1 to 40. ILS Glide Slope signals (Default: Index is 1 and corresponds to 334.70 MHz) - Turns on the Up (90 Hz)
Page 397: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Mode To Produce A Full Or Partial Signal
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set the ILS Glide Slope mode to produce a full or partial signal 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Glide Slope 2.
Page 398 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Figure 14-23 ILS Glide Slope 334.7 MHz (1) w/ AM 80% SDM Applied: 90 Hz (2), 150 Hz (3) Figure 14-24 ILS Glide Slope 334.7 MHz (1) with Suppress Up and AM 150 Hz On (3) Figure 14-25 ILS Glide Slope 334.7 MHz (1) with AM 90 Hz On (2) and Suppress Down Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 399: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Carrier Frequency
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set the ILS Glide Slope carrier frequency 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Glide Slope 2. Press Carrier Freq Index (Default <value> is 1 and corresponds to 334.70 MHz.) 3.
Page 400: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Up Frequency
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys 16=109.55 16=332.45 36=111.55 36=332.75 17=109.70 17=333.20 37=111.70 37=333.50 18=109.75 18=333.05 38=111.75 38=333.35 19=109.90 19=333.80 39=111.90 39=331.10 20=109.95 20=333.65 40=111.95 40=330.95 To set the ILS Glide Slope up frequency 1.
Page 401: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Phase Of The Down Signal Relative To The Up
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set the ILS Glide Slope phase of the down signal relative to the up 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Glide Slope 2.
Page 402 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys When this formula yields a positive DDM value, the upper signal at 90 Hz is stronger; this is indicating that the aircraft is Above the ILS Glide Slope centerline signal and would have to Fly “Down”...
Page 403: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Ddm Value
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Using SCPI to accomplish this, send the following command: (:AVIonics:ILSGslope:FLY:DIRection DOWN) ...and give it the amount to fly down with a DDM of 0.4 1.
Page 404: To Set The Ils Glide Slope Ddm Value In Percentage (%)
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys 4. Select a <value> from 0 to 10.0 uA and press Enter. These softkeys set a value for the difference in depth of modulation (DDM) in uA.
Page 405: To Set Or Return The Ils Glide Slope Parameters To A Default State
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys To set or return the ILS Glide Slope parameters to a default state 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > ILS Glide Slope 2. Press More 1 of 2 3.
Page 406: Example Of Setting All Ils Glide Slope Parameters
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys Example of Setting All ILS Glide Slope Parameters 1. Press Preset to place the signal generator in a known preset state. 2. Set the ILS Glide Slope carrier frequency. a.
Page 407 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Glide Slope Softkeys b. (Optional) Select a <value> from 0 to 99% and press Enter. 9. Set the ILS Glide Slope mode. a. Press ILS GS Mode (Default selection is OFF.) b.
Page 408: Using Ils Marker Beacon Softkeys
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys An ILS [Instrument Landing System] is a navigation system, used by aircraft to obtain guidance to a runway (performing a “runway approach”) and includes the following three functions operating in tandem (working together): —...
Page 409 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys Figure 14-27 ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys - Turns off all - Sets a Carrier Frequency by selecting an Index from 1 to 33. Marker Beacon signals (Default: Index is 17 and corresponds to 75.000 MHz) - Turns on and simulates - Sets the selected Marker Beacon, different from nominal:...
Page 410: To Set The Ils Marker Beacon Mode To Off, Inner, Middle, Or Outer
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys To set the ILS Marker Beacon mode to off, inner, middle, or outer 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > Marker Beacon 2. Press Marker Beacon (Default selection is Off.) 3.
Page 411: To Set The Ils Marker Beacon Am Depth
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys 5=74.700 16=74.975 27=75.250 6=74.725 17=75.000 28=75.275 7=74.750 18=75.025 29=75.300 8=74.775 19=75.050 30=75.325 9=74.800 20=75.075 31=75.350 10=74.825 21=75.100 32=75.375 11=74.850 22=75.125 33=75.400 To set the ILS Marker Beacon AM depth 1.
Page 412: To Set The Ils Marker Beacon Outer Marker Frequency
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys To set the ILS Marker Beacon outer marker frequency 1. Press Aux Fctn > Avionics > Marker Beacon 2. Press Marker Beacon 3. Press Outer 4.
Page 413: Example Of Setting All Ils Marker Beacon Parameters
Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys Example of Setting All ILS Marker Beacon Parameters 1. Press Preset to place the signal generator in a known preset state. 2. Set the ILS Marker Beacon mode to inner, middle, or outer mode. a.
Page 414 Using Avionics VOR/ILS Softkeys for N5171B/72B and N5181B/82B with Option 302 Using ILS Marker Beacon Softkeys c. Press Marker Freq d. (Optional) Select a <value> from 0 Hz to 10 MHz. 8. Set the modulation to on. a. Press MOD On and verify that the front panel LED is illuminated, indicating that it is on.
Page 415: Using Baseband Operating Mode For N5172B/82B (Primary, Bert, Or N5102A)
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 15 Using Baseband Operating Mode for N5172B/82B (Primary, BERT, or N5102A) Baseband Operating Mode is available on all Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators that have installed firmware version B.01.70 or later. This chapter describes the Baseband Operating Mode feature used by Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators.
Page 416: To Set The Baseband Operating Mode To Bert
Using Baseband Operating Mode for N5172B/82B (Primary, BERT, or N5102A) To set the Baseband Operating Mode to BERT To set the Baseband Operating Mode to BERT In this mode, all installed and licensed signal generator features as well as all BERT features are fully supported, but N5102A features are not available.
Page 417: To Set The Baseband Operating Mode To N5102A
Using Baseband Operating Mode for N5172B/82B (Primary, BERT, or N5102A) To set the Baseband Operating Mode to N5102A To set the Baseband Operating Mode to N5102A In this mode, all installed and licensed signal generator features as well as all N5102A features are fully supported, but BERT features are not available.
Page 418: To Set The Baseband Operating Mode To Primary
Using Baseband Operating Mode for N5172B/82B (Primary, BERT, or N5102A) To set the Baseband Operating Mode to Primary To set the Baseband Operating Mode to Primary In this mode, all installed and licensed signal generator features are fully supported, but BERT and N5102A features are not available. Figure 15-4 Changing to the Primary Baseband Operating Mode The Primary annunciator is NOT displayed and it overwrites...
Page 419: 16 Using Bert For N5172B/82B With Option Un7
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 16 Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 To use Bit Error Rate Test (BERT), it must be selected as the current Baseband Operating Mode. Baseband Operating Mode is available on all Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators that have installed firmware version B.01.70 or later.
Page 420: Bit Error Rate Test
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test Bit Error Rate Test The bit error rate test (BERT) capability allows you to perform bit error rate (BER) analysis on digital communications equipment. This enables functional and parametric testing of receivers and components including sensitivity and selectivity.
Page 421: Clock/Gate Delay Function
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test Figure 16-2 — When the Clock Gate Off On softkey is set to Off: The clock signal in both “A” and “B” parts is effective and no gate function is required. Therefore, the bit error rate is measured using the clock and data signal in both “A”...
Page 422 Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test Figure 16-3 Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 423: Clock Delay Function
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test Clock Delay Function In this example, the clock delay function is off. Figure 16-4 shows the input of the internal error detector of UN7 through AUX I/O and indicates that the data is delayed from the clock. Figure 16-4 CH1: BER TEST OUT (pin 17 of AUX I/O connector) CH2: BER MEAS END (pin 15 of AUX I/O connector)
Page 424: Gate Delay Function In The Clock Mode
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test Gate Delay Function in the Clock Mode To use this function, the clock must be set to continuous mode. In this example, the clock is used to delay the gate function. The clock of the internal error detector was gated by the gate signal which is delayed by two clocks.
Page 425: Triggering
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test Triggering This section describes the operating principles of the triggering function for Option UN7. To see the signal flow of the triggering function refer to Figure 16-7. Figure 16-7 In this example, the triggering sequence is where you have an incoming data clock and data bit sequences, the trigger is active, and the BERT measurement begins.
Page 426 Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test In this example, synchronization occurs after receiving a trigger. The reference data is generated by stored data bits. If the BERT measurement accepts data bits immediately after receiving a trigger, set the trigger delay to On and the trigger delay count to a value corresponding to the data format.
Page 427: Data Processing
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test In this example, the triggering sequence is where the trigger delay is active with a cycle count. The reference data is generated by stored data bits. If the BERT measurement accepts data bits immediately after receiving a trigger, set the trigger delay to On and the trigger delay count to a value corresponding to the data format.
Page 428: Repeat Measurements
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test and the Spcl Pattern Ignore Off On softkey is set to On, then all of the consecutive 0’s or 1’s are ignored. Select either 0’s or 1’s as the data to ignore by using the Spcl Pattern 0’s 1’s softkey. The following figure shows an example of the special pattern ignore function.
Page 429: Testing Signal Definitions
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Bit Error Rate Test Testing Signal Definitions The timing diagram <Keysight Red >Figure 16-13, “Testing Signal Definitions,” shows the relationships between a trigger event and the output signals at the BER MEAS END and BER TEST OUT connectors.
Page 430: Verifying Bert Operation
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Verifying BERT Operation Verifying BERT Operation The following procedures verify the operation of the signal generator’s bit error rate test (BERT) function. The tests can be performed as part of a daily validation routine or can be used whenever you want to check the validity of your BERT measurements.
Page 431 Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Verifying BERT Operation Figure 16-15 BERT I/O Setup Softkeys page 412 Select PXB/BERT to enable BERT functionality. The highlighted BNC connectors in Figure 16-16 are used for different signals in the BERT capability mode. The BERT-specific configuration is shown here. The AUX I/O connector configuration is customizable for the applications/options being used.
Page 432: Bert Measurement Setup Using Self-Test Mode
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Verifying BERT Operation BERT Measurement Setup Using Self-Test Mode The following steps set up the signal generator for the BERT measurement selt-test. 1. Refer to Figure 16-16 and make the following connections on the signal generator’s rear panel. —...
Page 433 Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Verifying BERT Operation The Total Bits will count to 10000 Bits (default setting) and the Error Bits should read 0 Bits. Figure 16-17. Figure 16-17 BERT Self-Test Mode Results Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 434: Measurement Example Using Custom Digital Modulation
Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Verifying BERT Operation Measurement Example Using Custom Digital Modulation (Requires Option 431) The following steps set up the signal generator for a BERT measurement using Custom Digital Modulation. 1. Refer to Figure 16-16 and make the following connections on the signal generator’s rear panel.
Page 435 Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Verifying BERT Operation Figure 16-18 Configuration Using Custom Digital Modulation BERT Verification 1. Press BERT Trigger to Immediate. Notice the cycle counter updating in the lower left-hand corner of the signal generator display. 2.
Page 436 Using BERT for N5172B/82B with Option UN7 Verifying BERT Operation Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 437: Using The N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module For N5172B/82B With Option 003/004 And
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 17 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 To use N5102A, it must be selected as the current Baseband Operating Mode. Baseband Operating Mode is available on all Keysight N5172B EXG and N5182B MXG X-Series signal generators that have installed firmware version B.01.70 or later.
Page 438: Clock Timing
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing Clock Timing This section describes how clocking for the digital data is provided. Clock timing information and diagrams are supplied for the different port configurations (serial, parallel, or parallel interleaved data transmission) and phase and skew settings.
Page 439 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing 1. The IF signal type is not available for a serial port configuration. Table 17-2 Warranted Parallel Input Level Clock Rates and Maximum Clock Rates Logic Type Warranted Level Clock Rates Maximum Clock Rates (typical)
Page 440: Clock Source
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing Parallel and Parallel Interleaved Port Configuration Clock Rates Parallel and parallel interleaved port configurations have other limiting factors for the clock and sample rates: —...
Page 441: Common Frequency Reference
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing — Internal: generated internally in the interface module (requires an external reference) — External: generated externally through the Ext Clock In connector — Device: generated externally through the Device Interface connector The clock source is selected using the N5102A module UI on the signal generator, see Figure 17-2.
Page 442 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing Figure 17-3 Frequency Reference Setup Diagrams for the N5102A Module Clock Signal Internally Generated Clock Device (DUT) Supplied Clock NOTE: Use only one of the two signal generator frequency reference inputs. Externally Supplied Clock NOTE: Use only one of the two signal generator frequency reference inputs.
Page 443: Clock Timing For Parallel Data
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing Clock Timing for Parallel Data Some components require multiple clocks during a single sample period. (A sample period consists of an I and Q sample). For parallel data transmissions, you can select one, two, or four clocks per sample.
Page 444 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing 2 Clocks Per Sample Sample rate decreases by a factor of two 1 Sample Period 2 Clocks Clock I sample 4 bits per word Q sample 4 bits per word 4 Clocks Per Sample...
Page 445: Clock Timing For Parallel Interleaved Data
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing Clock Timing for Parallel Interleaved Data The N5102A module provides the capability to interleave the digital I and Q samples. There are two choices for interleaving: —...
Page 446: Clock Timing For Serial Data
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing 2 Clocks Per Sample The I sample is transmitted for one clock period and the Q sample is transmitted during the second clock period; the sample rate decreases by a factor of two. 1 Sample Period 2 Clocks Clock...
Page 447: Clock Timing For Phase And Skew Adjustments
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing Figure 17-6 Clock Timing for a Serial Port Configuration 1 Sample Frame Marker Clock Data Bits 4 bits per word Clock Timing for Phase and Skew Adjustments The N5102A module provides phase and skew adjustments for the clock relative to the data and can be used to align the clock with the valid portion of the data.
Page 448 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Clock Timing Figure 17-7 Clock Phase and Skew Adjustments 90 degree phase adjustment Clock skew adjustment Phase and skew adjusted clock Phase adjusted clock Clock Data Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 449: Connecting The Clock Source And The Device Under Test
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test As shown in Figure 17-3 on page 424, there are numerous ways to provide a common frequency reference to the system components (signal generator, N5102A module, and the device under test).
Page 450 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Connecting the Clock Source and the Device Under Test 3. Select the break-out board that has the output connector suited for the application. If the Device Interface mating connector is used with the device under test, refer to Figure 17-8 for the device interface connection and connect the...
Page 451: Data Types
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Data Types Data Types The following block diagram indicates where in the signal generation process the data is injected for input mode or tapped for output mode. Output Mode Output Mode...
Page 452: Operating The N5102A Module In Output Mode
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode This section shows how to set the parameters for the N5102A module using the signal generator UI in the output direction.
Page 453: Choosing The Logic Type And Port Configuration
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode Press N5102A Interface to access the user interface (Figure 17-10) that is used to configure the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module. Notice the graphic in the signal generator display, showing a setup where the N5102A module is generating its own internal clock signal.
Page 454: Selecting The Output Direction
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode From this menu, choose a logic type. Changing the logic type can increase or decrease the signal voltage level going to the device under test.
Page 455 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode Figure 17-12 Data Setup Menu Location Accesses the Data Setup menu This softkey menu accesses the various parameters that govern the data received by the device under test.
Page 456 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode Figure 17-13 Data Setup Softkey Menu with Parallel Port Configuration Inactive for ARB formats Inactive for word size = 16 bits Inactive for a serial port configuration Available only while in...
Page 457: Configuring The Clock Signal
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode 5. Select the numeric format required for the test. 6. Press the More (1 of 2) softkey. From this softkey menu, select the bit order, swap I and Q, select the polarity of the transmitted data, and access menus that provide data negation, scaling, gain, offset, and IQ rotation adjustments.
Page 458 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode From this softkey menu, set all of the clock parameters that synchronize the clocks between the N5102A module and the signal generator. You can also change the clock signal phase so the clock occurs during the valid portion of the data.
Page 459 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode This error is reported when the output FIFO is overflowing in the digital module. This error can be generated if an external clock or its reference is not set up properly, or if the internal VCO is unlocked.
Page 460 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode b. Press the Clock Rate softkey and enter the appropriate clock rate. Table 17-7 provides a quick view of the settings and connections associated with each clock source selection.
Page 461: Generating Digital Data
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode 11.Press the Clock Polarity Neg Pos softkey to Neg. This shifts the clock signal 180 degrees, so that the data starts during the negative clock transition.
Page 462: Operating The N5102A Module In Input Mode
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode This section shows how to set the parameters for the N5102A module using the signal generator UI in the input direction.
Page 463: Selecting The Input Direction
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Selecting the Input Direction If both Option 003 (output mode) and Option 004 (input mode) are installed, you must select the input direction.
Page 464: Configuring The Clock Signal
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode 2. Select the logic type required for the device being tested. A caution message is displayed whenever a change is made to the logic types, and a softkey selection appears asking for confirmation.
Page 465 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Digital module input FIFO underflow error; There are not enough samples being produced for the current clock rate. Verify that the digital module clock is set up properly. This error is reported when the digital module clock setup is not synchronized with the rate the samples are entering the digital module.
Page 466 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode 3. Select the clock source. If External or Device is Selected Press the Clock Rate softkey and enter the clock rate of the externally applied clock signal. The clock phase and clock skew may need to be adjusted any time the clock rate setting is changed.
Page 467 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Table 17-8 Clock Source Settings and Connectors Clock Softkeys N5102A Module Connection Source Reference Freq Ext Clock Device Clock Rate Frequency Interface External...
Page 468: Selecting The Data Parameters
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode 9. Press the Clock Polarity Neg Pos softkey to Neg. This shifts the clock signal 180 degrees, so that the data starts during the negative clock transition.
Page 469 Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode Figure 17-22 Data Setup Softkey Menu with Parallel Port Configuration Inactive for a serial port configuration Only available when Data Type is Pre-FIR Samples Only available when the N5102A...
Page 470: Digital Data
Using the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module for N5172B/82B with Option 003/004 and 653/655/656/657 Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode From this menu, select how the binary values are represented. Selecting 2’s complement allows both positive and negative data values. Use the Offset Binary selection when components cannot process negative values.
Page 471: 18 Troubleshooting
Pressing Preset Performs a User Preset — Error Messages on page 461 — Front Panel Tests on page 462 — Self Test Overview on page 462 — Licenses on page 464 — Contacting Keysight Technologies on page 465 — Returning a Signal Generator to Keysight...
Page 472: Display
Troubleshooting Display Display The Display is Too Dark to Read Brightness may be set to minimum. Use the figure in “Display Settings” on page 39 to locate the brightness softkey and adjust the value so that you can see the display. The Display Turns Black when Using USB Media Removing the USB media when the instrument begins to use it can cause the screen to go black.
Page 473: Rf Output
If the power supply does not work, it requires repair or replacement. If you are unable to service the instrument, send the signal generator to a Keysight service center for repair (see “Contacting Keysight Technologies” on page 465). No Modulation at the RF Output Check both the Mod On/Off LED and the <modulation>...
Page 474: Signal Loss While Working With A Spectrum Analyzer
Troubleshooting RF Output Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer To avoid damaging or degrading the performance of the signal generator, do not exceed 33 dBm (2 W) of reverse power levels at the RF maximum input. See also Tips for Preventing Signal Generator Damage www.keysight.com The effects of reverse power can cause problems with the RF output when you use the signal...
Page 475: Signal Loss While Working With A Mixer
Troubleshooting RF Output Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer To avoid damaging or degrading the performance of the signal generator, do not exceed 33 dBm (2W) of reverse power levels at the RF maximum input. See also Tips for Preventing Signal Generator Damage www.keysight.com To fix signal loss at the signal generator’s RF output during low–amplitude coupled operation with a mixer, add attenuation and increase the RF output amplitude.
Page 476 Troubleshooting RF Output The solution at right shows a similar configuration with the Reverse Power addition of a 10 dB attenuator connected between the RF output Signal Generator Output Control of the signal generator and the input of the mixer. The signal ALC Level/ Output Mixer...
Page 477: Sweep
Troubleshooting Sweep Sweep Cannot Turn Off Sweep Press Sweep > Sweep > Off. Sweep Appears Stalled The current status of the sweep is indicated as a shaded rectangle in the progress bar (see “Using Swept Signal Mode (Configuring a Swept Output)” on page 62).
Page 478: Amplitude Does Not Change In List Or Step Sweep
Troubleshooting Internal Media Data Storage Amplitude Does Not Change in List or Step Sweep Verify that sweep type is set to amplitude (Amptd); the amplitude does not change when the sweep type is set to frequency (Freq) or waveform. Internal Media Data Storage Instrument State Saved but the Register is Empty or Contains the Wrong State If the register number you intended to use is empty or contains the wrong instrument state, recall...
Page 479: Error Messages
Troubleshooting Error Messages Error Messages Error Message Types Events do not generate more than one type of error. For example, an event that generates a query error does not generate a device–specific, execution, or command error. Query Errors (–499 to –400) indicate that the instrument’s output queue control has detected a problem with the message exchange protocol described in IEEE 488.2, Chapter 6.
Page 480: Front Panel Tests
Troubleshooting Front Panel Tests Front Panel Tests Set all display pixels to the selected color. To return to normal operation, press any key. Blink RF On/Off, Mod on/Off, and More LEDs Displays a keyboard map. As you press a key, the map indicates the key location.
Page 481 Troubleshooting Self Test Overview Utility > Instrument Info Automatically runs diagnostic self test. Self Test Summary displays current status. Opens a table in which user selects specific tests and view details in Test Editor display. Displays detailed information of highlighted page 56 test.
Page 482: Licenses
Troubleshooting Licenses Licenses A Time–Based License Quits Working — The instrument’s time or date may have been reset forward causing the time–based license to expire. — The instrument’s time or date may have been reset backward more than approximately 25 hours, causing the instrument to ignore time–based licenses.
Page 483: Contacting Keysight Technologies
Returning a Signal Generator to Keysight Use the following steps to return a signal generator to Keysight Technologies for servicing: 1. Gather as much information as possible regarding the signal generator’s problem. 2. Call the phone number listed on the Internet (http://www.keysight.com/find/assist) that is specific to your geographic location.
Page 484 Troubleshooting Contacting Keysight Technologies Keysight EXG and MXG X-Series Signal Generators User’s Guide...
Page 485: 19 Working In A Secure Environment
Keysight X-Series Signal Generators N5171B/72B/73B EXG and N5181B/82B/83B MXG User’s Guide 19 Working in a Secure Environment If you are using the instrument in a secure environment, you may need details of how to clear or sanitize its memory, in compliance with published security standards of the United States Department of Defense, or other similar authorities.
Page 486: Using Secure Display
Working in a Secure Environment Using Secure Display Using Secure Display This function prevents unauthorized personnel from reading the instrument display or tampering with the current configuration via the front panel. When Secure Display is active, the display is blank, except for an advisory message, as shown in Figure 19-1 below.
Page 487 Glossary Active Entry The currently selected, and therefore editable, entry or parameter ARB Arbitrary waveform generator Avionics Avionics is a term used to describe the electronic instrumentation on aircraft. AWG Arbitrary waveform generator. Additive white Gaussian noise BBG Media Baseband generator media. Volatile memory, where waveform files are played or edited.
Page 488 Gaussian filter The Gaussian filter does not have a zero Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI). Wireless system architects must decide just how much of the ISI can be tolerated in a system and combine that with noise and interference. The Gaussian filter is Gaussian shaped in both the time and frequency domains, and it does not ring like the root Nyquist filters do.
Page 489 Nyquist filter Also referred to as a cosine filter. These filters have the property that their impulse response rings at the symbol rate. Adjacent symbols do not interfere with each other at the symbol times because the response equals zero at all symbol times except the center (desired) one. Persistent That which is unaffected by preset, user preset, or power cycle.
Page 490 User FIR Selects a user-defined set of coefficient values. Each line in the FIR values table contains one coefficient value. The number of coefficient values listed must be a multiple of the selected oversampling ratio. Each coefficient applies to both I and Q components. Volatile That which does not survive a power cycle (such as files stored in BBG media).
Page 491 Index Symbols entry area softkeys Active High softkey ΦM Active Low softkey waveform clipping annunciator Add Comment To softkey # points softkey Additive White Gaussian Noise Arb Custom # Skipped Points softkey (AWGN) FIR filters address, GPIB FIR table editor Adjust Phase softkey Arb Segment softkey Numerics...
Page 492 Index Bluetooth softkey CHANCORR annunciator backspace key Channel Band softkey bandwidth ratio channel bandwidth Bandwidth softkey Bright Color softkey Channel Number softkey baseband brightness adjustment circular clipping aligning signals at Brightness softkey classified. See security clipping Buffered Trig softkey Clear softkeys frequency offset Build New Waveform Sequence Error Queue(s)
Page 493 Index Connection Type softkeys Option 431 All Segments On USB Sockets custom mode Media custom modulation All Sequence Files VXI-11 adding to a waveform All Sequences connections waveform, adding to All Waveforms common frequency All Waveforms softkey reference CW (no modulation) File connectors softkey...
Page 494 Index Real-Time Phase Noise dwell time output jitter Impariment Dwell Type softkey outputs Two-Tone dwell, troubleshooting digital modulation type Dynamic DNS Naming EVM error modifying softkey example digital operation Dynamic Hostname Services Waveform license, Opt 25x Digital Signal Interface Module softkey adding a waveform Option 003 or 004...
Page 495 Index creating storing definition editing gaussian filter, loading example default oversample ratio, setting viewing a different file glossary File key Go To Default Path softkey firmware files upgrading catalog. See data storage Goto Row softkey First Mkr Point softkey extensions GPIB First Sample Point softkey working with...
Page 496 Index ILS Localizer 108.10 MHz w/ internal clock source turn off ALC 90 Hz AM (Left), 150 Hz AM selection licenses (Right) @ 20% internal media manager ILS Localizer Softkey Internal Storage to USB service software Menus softkey signal studio ILS Marker Beacon Softkey Internal/USB Storage Selection time-based...
Page 497 Index manuals, content of configure setup frequency reference xvii Marker softkeys equipment setup connector markers, aligning signal resynchronize generating data markers, waveform system delay input direction media system sync input mode trigger setup interleaving clock timing erasing multicarrier setup logic type, port Flash Drive APCO 25 w/C4FM configuration...
Page 498 Index internal channel PATT TRIG IN connector Power Control Mode correction Patt Trig In softkeys softkeys Options PDC softkey power meter 003 or 004 Digital Signal peak-to-average power, configuration Interface Module reducing U2000 Series 250-259 performance, optimizing U2000A/01A/02A/04A 302 Avionics (VOR/ILS) persistent settings 403 Calibrated AWGN definition...
Page 499 Index pulse modulation real-time mode Restart on Trig softkey Pulse softkeys real-time modulation Restore softkeys Pulse/RF Blank softkey Dual ARB LAN Settings to Default PWT softkey real-time modulation filter Values softkey System Settings to Default Real-Time Phase Noise Values Impairments resynchronize, Option 432 multi-BBGs...
Page 500 Index RPG test Internal File(s) to Copy to spectral regrowth runtime scaling spectrum analyzer, troubleshooting signal loss Waveform square root raised cosine filter. self test See root nyquist filter Sequence softkey Square softkey annunciator sequences standard, modulation sales, Keysight offices editing standby (yellow) LED sample...
Page 501 Index system delay softkeys user interface location, system sync waveforms module trigger setup troubleshooting User softkeys system defaults, restoring T-TONE Configure Power Meter annunciator Current Directory As Default two-tone Path two-tone softkeys Do Cal two-tone waveform, setup Flatness type, modulation Flatness Correction annunciator Flatness Corrections...
Page 502 Index status messages using waveform licensing softkeys Waveform softkeys Licenses Runtime Scaling Segments Sequences Utilities Waveform waveforms clipping file headers from digital baseband waveform in a sweep license markers multiple BBG synchronization multitone overview saving instrument state scaling segment softkeys sequence storing, loading, &...

This manual is also suitable for:

N5182b mxg N5183b mxg N5171b exg N5172b exg N5173b exg N5181b mxg

Keysight Technologies X Series User Manual

Models, Options, and Front/Rear Panels for All Models

Contents

Setting Preferences & Enabling Options for All Models

Modes of Operation for All Models

Front Panel Operation for All Models

Contents

Optimizing Performance for All Models

Using Pulse Modulation for All Models with Options UNU, UNW

Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B-No BBG Option Installed

Basic Digital Operation for N5172B/82B with Options

Contents

Using Custom Digital Modulation for N5172B/82B with Option 431 and

Using Multitone and Two-Tone Waveforms for N5172B/82B with Option 430 and

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