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Satellite Navigation
10 Real-World Environment
By default, the software assumes an unobscured line-of-sight (LOS) connection
between the receiver and the satellites. If satellite is not part of the constellation, it is
because it is invisible at the current receiver position due to the satellite's elevation.
Such situation is, however, rearly the case in a real-word situation.
Moreover, the default receiver is a static one. Even if a moving receiver is selected, per
default the movement does not include effects like receiver spinning or attitude
changes.
Equipped with option R&S SMW-K108, the R&S SMW is capable to simulate all this
aforementioned real-word effects.
This section covers the impact of the environment effects on the positioning (pseudor-
ange calculation) accuracy. For information on the pseudorange, perturbation and
clock errors, or the impact of the atmosphere on the pseudorange calculation accu-
racy, see
Static multipath
In the practice, the GNSS receiver is likely to receive not only the LOS component but
also signal scatters (or echoes) reflected from different object. This effect is known as
multipath propagation. This software supports two multipath models: the simulation of
static multipath effects and the more complex, the so called land mobile multipath
(LMM) model.
Antenna pattern and body mask
In some other situations, the GNSS receiver can also be placed in or mounted in a
vehicle. Such receiver usually has several antennas that generally improve the reliabil-
ity of the received signal. Form the other side, receivers placed in a vehicle have to
cope with the additional obscurations caused by the vehicle body and the movement.
To account for the latter effects, you can load antenna pattern and body mask files.
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10.1 Required Options
R&S SMW base unit equipped with:
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At least one of GNSS standard, for example R&S SMW-K44
(sufficient for simulation fo ethmospheric effects)
User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 01
Chapter 12, "Perturbations and Errors
Options.................................................................................................... 81
Simulation............................................................................ 82
Mask............................................................................ 82
Models................................................................................... 85
Settings.............................................................................. 87
Multipath........................................................................................................92
Simulation",
Effects........................................................................85
Configuration...............................................92
Real-World Environment
Required Options
on page 101.
81
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