R&S SMW-K44 User Manual page 103

Satellite Navigation
ellite thus carries the reference time of ephemeris t
parameters describing the linear time-dependent changes [1].
Figure 12-1: Satellite orbit (GPS): Understanding the displayed information
1 = Reference time, t
2 = Orbit elements
3 = Rate parameters
In GPS, Galileo, BeiDou and QZSS, the perturbations are seen as variations of the
orbital elements. In the navigation message, they are described by three pairs of sinus-
oidal (cosine and sine) corrections C
latitude C
GLONASS satellites, on the other hand, broadcast their PZ coordinates and velocity at
reference epoch time t
User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 01
0e
, orbital radius C and inclination C
U r
as well as the moon and sun acceleration components [1].
b
Perturbations and Errors Simulation
, six orbit elements and three rate
0e
and C , each pair describing the difference in
C S
.
i
About the Errors Sources
103