FujiFilm SonoSite X-Porte User Manual page 197

Mean Velocity (VMean) in cm/s
VMean = mean velocity
Mitral Valve Area (MVA) in cm
Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins,
(2007), p.73-74.
MVA = 220/PHT
where: PHT = pressure half time
220 is an empirical derived constant and may not accurately predict mitral valve area in mitral prosthetic
heart valves. The mitral valve area continuity equation may be utilized in mitral prosthetic heart valves to
predict effective orifice area.
MV Flow Rate in cc/sec
Oh, J.K., J.B. Seward, A.J. Tajik. The Echo Manual. 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins,
(2007), p.73-76, p.210.
Flow = PISA * Va
where:
PISA = Proximal Isovelocity SurfaceArea
Va = aliasing Velocity
Pressure Gradient (PG) in mmHG
Baumgartner, H., Hung, J., Bermejo, J., et al. "Echocardiographic Assessment of Valve Stenosis: EAE/ASE
Recommendations for Clinical Practice". Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. January 2009,
p. 4-5.
2
PG = 4 * (Velocity)
Peak E Pressure Gradient (E PG)
2
E PG = 4 * PE
Peak A Pressure Gradient (A PG)
2
A PG = 4 * PA
Peak Pressure Gradient (PGMax)
PGMax = 4 * VMax
Mean Pressure Gradient (PGMean)
PGMean = Average pressure gradient during the flow period
Measurement references
2
(velocity units must be meters/second)
2
6-11