Reference Line
Defining a reference
line/arc
Target point:
The design point.
•
•
Measured point:
The current position.
A reference line can be defined in the following ways:
•
Two known points
•
One known point, an azimuth, a distance and a gradient
•
One known point, an azimuth, a distance and a difference in height
P0
GPS12_112
A reference arc can be defined in the following ways:
•
Two known points and a radius
•
Three known points
GPS1200
For measuring to a reference line, this is the point with the coordi-
nates of the current position and the designed or calculated height.
For staking or grid staking to a reference line, this is the point to be
staked.
P1
P0 Start point
P1 End point
d1
d1
d2
d2
α
β
Known distance
Δ
Difference in height,
Ht
Azimuth
Elevation angle between the start point and
the end point
1010