Figure 45: Directional Quadrilateral Characteristic; Figure 46: Quadrilateral Characteristic Featuring 2 Directional Forward Zones And 1 Offset Zone - GE MiCOM P40 Technical Manual

P446SV
Directional Line
V02720

Figure 45: Directional Quadrilateral Characteristic

This product has a Delta Directional element that is normally used to directionalise the Distance protection.
By default, the Delta Directional element is enabled (Dir. Status in DELTADIRECTIONAL set to Enabled). In this
case, the Directional Line for the Quadrilateral is derived using superimposed fault-current (Delta I). When using the
Delta Directional element, the Directional Line angle has a default value of 60º, but you can change it with the Dir.
Char Angle setting.
If you want to use a conventional directional technique, then you can do this by disabling the Delta Directional
element. The protection will then use a conventional directional element with a fixed angle of 60º.
The following figure illustrates two Offset zones that have been converted into Directional Forward zones by the
overlay of a Directional Line. An Offset zone is also shown for reference.
Directional Line
V02772

Figure 46: Quadrilateral Characteristic featuring 2 directional forward zones and 1 offset zone

P446SV-TM-EN-1
jX
R' θ
Z'
60°
-jX
jX
Directional zone
-R
-jX
Z
Tripping
Region
R
Reverse direction
Offset zone
Directional zone
Forward direction
Reverse direction
Chapter 7 - Distance Protection
+R
Forward direction
+R
123