GE MiCOM P40 Technical Manual

GE MiCOM P40 Technical Manual

P446sv
Hide thumbs Also See for MiCOM P40:
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

GE
Grid Solutions
MiCOM P40 Agile
P446SV
Technical Manual
Distance Protection IED
Hardware Version: P
Software Version: 80
Publication Reference: P446SV-TM-EN-1

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading

Summary of Contents for GE MiCOM P40

  • Page 1 Grid Solutions MiCOM P40 Agile P446SV Technical Manual Distance Protection IED Hardware Version: P Software Version: 80 Publication Reference: P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter Overview Foreword Target Audience Typographical Conventions Nomenclature Compliance Product Scope Product Versions Ordering Options Features and Functions Distance Protection Functions Protection Functions Control Functions Measurement Functions Communication Functions Logic Diagrams Functional Overview Chapter 2 Safety Information Chapter Overview Health and Safety Symbols...
  • Page 4 Contents P446SV 4.1.3 Front Serial Port (SK1) 4.1.4 Front Parallel Port (SK2) 4.1.5 Fixed Function LEDs 4.1.6 Programable LEDs Rear Panel Boards and Modules PCBs Main Processor Board Power Supply Board 6.3.1 Watchdog 6.3.2 Rear Serial Port IEC61850-9-2LE Ethernet Board Standard Output Relay Board IRIG-B Board Fibre Optic Board...
  • Page 5 P446SV Contents Getting Started Default Display Default Display Navigation Password Entry Processing Alarms and Records Menu Structure Changing the Settings Direct Access (The Hotkey menu) 3.9.1 Setting Group Selection Using Hotkeys 3.9.2 Control Inputs 3.9.3 Circuit Breaker Control 3.10 Function Keys Line Parameters Tripping Mode 4.1.1...
  • Page 6 Contents P446SV 3.1.3 Directional Self-Polarized Mho Characteristic for Earth Faults 3.1.4 Offset Mho Characteristic for Earth Faults 3.1.5 Memory Polarization of Mho Characteristics 3.1.6 Dynamic Mho Expansion and Contraction 3.1.7 Cross Polarization of Mho Characteristics 3.1.8 Implementation of Mho Polarization Quadrilateral Characteristic 3.2.1 Directional Quadrilaterals...
  • Page 7 P446SV Contents 6.12 Teed Feeder Applications Chapter 8 Carrier Aided Schemes Chapter Overview Introduction Carrier Aided Schemes Implementation Carrier Aided Scheme Types Default Carrier Aided Schemes Aided Distance Scheme Logic Permissive Underreach Scheme Permissive Over-reach Scheme 4.2.1 Permissive Overreach Trip Reinforcement 4.2.2 Permissive Overreach Weak Infeed Features Permissive Scheme Loss Of Guard...
  • Page 8 Contents P446SV Aided DEF Blocking Scheme Aided Delta POR Scheme Aided Delta Blocking Scheme Teed Feeder Applications 7.8.1 POR Schemes for Teed Feeders 7.8.2 PUR Schemes for Teed Feeders 7.8.3 Blocking Schemes for Teed Feeders Chapter 9 Non-Aided Schemes Chapter Overview Non-Aided Schemes Basic Schemes Basic Scheme Modes...
  • Page 9 P446SV Contents 3.1.2 Inhibit Autoreclose Input 3.1.3 Block Autoreclose Input 3.1.4 Reset Lockout Input 3.1.5 Pole Discrepancy Input 3.1.6 External Trip Indication Autoreclose Logic Inputs 3.2.1 Trip Initiation Signals 3.2.2 Circuit Breaker Status Inputs 3.2.3 System Check Signals Autoreclose Logic Outputs Autoreclose Operating Sequence 3.4.1 AR Timing Sequence - Transient Fault...
  • Page 10 Contents P446SV 5.12.5 Single-phase Follower Timing Logic Diagram 5.12.6 Three-phase Follower Timing Logic Diagram 5.13 Circuit Breaker Autoclose 5.13.1 Circuit Breaker Autoclose Logic Diagram 5.14 Reclaim Time 5.14.1 Prepare Reclaim Initiation Logic Diagram 5.14.2 Reclaim Time Logic Diagram 5.14.3 Succesful Autoreclose Signals Logic Diagram 5.14.4 Autoreclose Reset Successful Indication Logic Diagram 5.15...
  • Page 11 P446SV Contents Chapter Overview Phase Fault Overcurrent Protection POC Implementation Directional Element POC Logic Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection Implementation Directional Element NPSOC Logic Application Notes 3.4.1 Setting Guidelines (Current Threshold) 3.4.2 Setting Guidelines (Time Delay) 3.4.3 Setting Guidelines (Directional element) Earth Fault Protection Earth Fault Protection Implementation...
  • Page 12 Contents P446SV Application Notes 3.3.1 Overvoltage Setting Guidelines Compensated Overvoltage Residual Overvoltage Protection Residual Overvoltage Protection Implementation Residual Overvoltage Logic Application Notes 5.3.1 Calculation for Solidly Earthed Systems 5.3.2 Calculation for Impedance Earthed Systems 5.3.3 Setting Guidelines Chapter 15 Frequency Protection Functions Chapter Overview Frequency Protection Underfrequency Protection...
  • Page 13 P446SV Contents 5.8.3 Setting the thresholds for the Operating Time 5.8.4 Setting the Thresholds for Excesssive Fault Frequency CB State Monitoring CB State Monitor Circuit Breaker Control CB Control using the IED Menu CB Control using the Hotkeys CB Control using the Function Keys CB Control using the Opto-inputs Remote CB Control CB Healthy Check...
  • Page 14 Contents P446SV Chapter Overview Configuring Digital Inputs and Outputs Scheme Logic PSL Editor PSL Schemes PSL Scheme Version Control Configuring the Opto-Inputs Assigning the Output Relays Fixed Function LEDs Trip LED Logic Configuring Programmable LEDs Function Keys Control Inputs Chapter 19 Fibre Teleprotection Chapter Overview Protection Signalling Introduction...
  • Page 15 P446SV Contents 3.2.1 EIA(RS)485 Biasing Requirements K-Bus Standard Ethernet Communication Hot-Standby Ethernet Failover Redundant Ethernet Communication Supported Protocols Parallel Redundancy Protocol High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) 5.3.1 HSR Multicast Topology 5.3.2 HSR Unicast Topology 5.3.3 HSR Application in the Substation Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Self Healing Protocol Dual Homing Protocol Configuring IP Addresses...
  • Page 16 Contents P446SV Courier 7.1.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer 7.1.2 Courier Database 7.1.3 Settings Categories 7.1.4 Setting Changes 7.1.5 Event Extraction 7.1.6 Disturbance Record Extraction 7.1.7 Programmable Scheme Logic Settings 7.1.8 Time Synchronisation 7.1.9 Courier Configuration IEC 60870-5-103 7.2.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer 7.2.2 Initialisation 7.2.3...
  • Page 17 P446SV Contents Chapter 22 Cyber-Security Overview The Need for Cyber-Security Standards NERC Compliance 3.1.1 CIP 002 3.1.2 CIP 003 3.1.3 CIP 004 3.1.4 CIP 005 3.1.5 CIP 006 3.1.6 CIP 007 3.1.7 CIP 008 3.1.8 CIP 009 IEEE 1686-2007 Cyber-Security Implementation NERC-Compliant Display Four-level Access 4.2.1...
  • Page 18 Contents P446SV 4.13 GPS Fibre Connection 4.14 Fibre Communication Connections Case Dimensions Case Dimensions 40TE Chapter 24 Commissioning Instructions Chapter Overview General Guidelines Commissioning Test Menu Opto I/P Status Cell (Opto-input Status) Relay O/P Status Cell (Relay Output Status) Test Port Status Cell Monitor Bit 1 to 8 Cells Test Mode Cell Test Pattern Cell...
  • Page 19 P446SV Contents 6.2.3 Simulating a Channel Failure Intermicom 64 Communication Checking the Interface Setting up the Loopback Loopback Test Setting Checks Apply Application-specific Settings 8.1.1 Transferring Settings from a Settings File 8.1.2 Entering settings using the HMI IEC 61850 Edition 2 Testing Using IEC 61850 Edition 2 Test Modes 9.1.1 IED Test Mode Behaviour...
  • Page 20 Contents P446SV 12.2 Scheme Testing 12.2.1 Signal Send Test for Permissive Schemes 12.2.2 Signal Send Test for Blocking Schemes Out of Step Protection 13.1 OST Setting 13.2 Predictive OST Setting 13.3 Predictive and OST Setting 13.4 OST Timer Test Protection Timing Checks 14.1 Overcurrent Check 14.2...
  • Page 21 P446SV Contents Replacing PCBs 2.5.1 Replacing the main processor board 2.5.2 Replacement of communications boards 2.5.3 Replacement of the input module 2.5.4 Replacement of the power supply board 2.5.5 Replacement of the I/O boards Recalibration Changing the battery 2.7.1 Post Modification Tests 2.7.2 Battery Disposal Cleaning...
  • Page 22 Contents P446SV Phase Overcurrent Protection 3.6.1 Transient Overreach and Overshoot 3.6.2 Phase Overcurrent Directional Parameters Earth Fault Protection 3.7.1 Earth Fault Directional Parameters Sensitive Earth Fault Protection 3.8.1 Sensitive Earth Fault Protection Directional Element High Impedance Restricted Earth Fault Protection 3.10 Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection 3.10.1...
  • Page 23 P446SV Contents 11.4 Electrical Fast Transient or Burst Requirements 11.5 Surge Withstand Capability 11.6 Surge Immunity Test 11.7 Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Energy 11.8 Radiated Immunity from Digital Communications 11.9 Radiated Immunity from Digital Radio Telephones 11.10 Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio Frequency Fields 11.11 Magnetic Field Immunity 11.12...
  • Page 24 Contents P446SV xxii P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 25 Table of Figures Figure 1: P40L family - version evolution Figure 2: Key to logic diagrams Figure 3: Functional Overview Figure 4: Hardware architecture Figure 5: Exploded view of IED Figure 6: Front panel (40TE) Figure 7: Rear view of populated case Figure 8: Rear connection to terminal block Figure 9:...
  • Page 26 Table of Figures P446SV Figure 39: Simplified forward fault Figure 40: Mho expansion – forward fault Figure 41: Simplified Reverse Fault Figure 42: Mho contraction – reverse fault Figure 43: Simplified quadrilateral characteristics Figure 44: General Quadrilateral Characteristic Limits Figure 45: Directional Quadrilateral Characteristic Figure 46: Quadrilateral Characteristic featuring 2 directional forward zones and 1 offset zone...
  • Page 27 P446SV Table of Figures Figure 78: PUR Aided Tripping logic Figure 79: POR Aided Tripping logic Figure 80: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping logic Figure 81: Aided Scheme Blocking 2 Tripping logic Figure 82: Virtual Current Polarization Figure 83: Directional criteria for residual voltage polarization Figure 84: Aided DEF POR scheme Figure 85:...
  • Page 28 Table of Figures P446SV Figure 118: Phase selector timing for power swing condition Figure 119: Phase selector timing for fault condition Figure 120: Phase selector timing for fault during a power swing Figure 121: Slow Power Swing detection characteristic Figure 122: Load Blinder Boundary Conditions Figure 123: Power swing blocking logic...
  • Page 29 P446SV Table of Figures Figure 157: Autoreclose Initiation logic diagram (Module 11) Figure 158: Autoreclose Trip Test logic diagram (Module 12) Figure 159: Autoreclose initiation by internal single and three phase trip or external trip for CB1 (Module 13) Figure 160: Autoreclose initiation by internal single and three phase trip or external trip for CB2 (Module 14) Figure 161:...
  • Page 30 Table of Figures P446SV Figure 196: CB Manual Close System Check Logic Diagram (Modules 51 & 52) Figure 197: Circuit Breaker Fail logic - part 1 Figure 198: Circuit Breaker Fail logic - part 2 Figure 199: Circuit Breaker Fail logic - part 3 Figure 200: Circuit Breaker Fail logic - part 4 Figure 201:...
  • Page 31 P446SV Table of Figures Figure 236: Default function key PSL Figure 237: Remote Control of Circuit Breaker Figure 238: CB1 Control Logic (Module 43) Figure 239: CB2 Control Logic (Module 44) Figure 240: Pole Dead logic Figure 241: Check Synchronisation vector diagram Figure 242: Voltage Monitor for CB Closure (Module 59) Figure 243:...
  • Page 32 Table of Figures P446SV Figure 275: Redundant Ethernet ring architecture with IED, bay computer and Ethernet switches after failure Figure 276: Dual homing mechanism Figure 277: Application of Dual Homing Star at substation level Figure 278: IED and REB IP address configuration Figure 279: Connection using (a) an Ethernet switch and (b) a media converter Figure 280:...
  • Page 33: Chapter 1 Introduction

    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...
  • Page 34: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part

    Chapter 1 - Introduction P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 35: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 1 - Introduction CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter provides some general information about the technical manual and an introduction to the device(s) described in this technical manual. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Foreword Product Scope Features and Functions Logic Diagrams Functional Overview P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 36: Foreword

    Chapter 1 - Introduction P446SV FOREWORD This technical manual provides a functional and technical description of General Electric's P446SV, as well as a comprehensive set of instructions for using the device. The level at which this manual is written assumes that you are already familiar with protection engineering and have experience in this discipline.
  • Page 37: Nomenclature

    P446SV Chapter 1 - Introduction NOMENCLATURE Due to the technical nature of this manual, many special terms, abbreviations and acronyms are used throughout the manual. Some of these terms are well-known industry-specific terms while others may be special product- specific terms used by General Electric. The first instance of any acronym or term used in a particular chapter is explained.
  • Page 38: Product Scope

    Chapter 1 - Introduction P446SV PRODUCT SCOPE Unlike a conventional IED, a device with an IEC61850-9-2 interface, or Sampled Value (SV) device accepts current and voltage measurement inputs, which have already been digitized in accordance with the IEC 61850-9-2LE standard. The P446SV is such a device.
  • Page 39: Ordering Options

    P446SV Chapter 1 - Introduction P445: J37 P54x No Distance: K47 P841A: K47 All other products: K57 Conventional Stream NCIT Stream P445: P41 P54x No Distance: M61 P446, P546, P841B: M72 P841A: M61 All other products: M71  XCPU3  Cyber-security ...
  • Page 40: Features And Functions

    Chapter 1 - Introduction P446SV FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS DISTANCE PROTECTION FUNCTIONS Feature IEC 61850 ANSI Distance zones, full-scheme protection (5) DisPDIS 21/21N Phase characteristic (Mho and quadrilateral) Ground characteristic (Mho and quadrilateral) CVT transient overreach elimination Load blinder Easy setting mode Communication-aided schemes, PUTT, POTT, Blocking, Weak DisPSCH Infeed...
  • Page 41: Control Functions

    P446SV Chapter 1 - Introduction Feature IEC 61850 ANSI Rate of change of frequency protection (4 stages) DfpPFRC High speed breaker fail suitable for re-tripping and back- RBRF 50BF tripping (2 stages) Current Transformer supervision Voltage transformer supervision 47/27 Auto-reclose (4 shots) RREC Check synchronisation (2 stages) RSYN...
  • Page 42 Chapter 1 - Introduction P446SV Feature ANSI Front RS232 serial communication port for configuration Rear serial RS485 communication port for SCADA control 2 Additional rear serial communication ports for SCADA control and teleprotection (fibre and copper) (optional) Ethernet communication (optional) Redundant Ethernet communication (optional) Courier Protocol IEC 61850 edition 2...
  • Page 43: Logic Diagrams

    P446SV Chapter 1 - Introduction LOGIC DIAGRAMS This technical manual contains many logic diagrams, which should help to explain the functionality of the device. Although this manual has been designed to be as specific as possible to the chosen product, it may contain diagrams, which have elements applicable to other products.
  • Page 44: Figure 2: Key To Logic Diagrams

    Chapter 1 - Introduction P446SV Key: Energising Quantity AND gate & Internal Signal OR gate DDB Signal XOR gate Internal function NOT gate Setting cell Logic 0 Setting value Timer Hardcoded setting Pulse / Latch Measurement Cell SR Latch Internal Calculation SR Latch Reset Dominant Derived setting...
  • Page 45: Functional Overview

    P446SV Chapter 1 - Introduction FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW This diagram is applicable to three products in the P40L family; P443, P445 and P446. Use the key on the diagram to determine the features relevant to the product described in this technical manual. 2 nd Remote Remote Local...
  • Page 46 Chapter 1 - Introduction P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 47: Chapter 2 Safety Information

    CHAPTER 2 SAFETY INFORMATION...
  • Page 48 Chapter 2 - Safety Information P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 49: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 2 - Safety Information CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter provides information about the safe handling of the equipment. The equipment must be properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition and to keep personnel safe at all times. You must be familiar with information contained in this chapter before unpacking, installing, commissioning, or servicing the equipment.
  • Page 50: Health And Safety

    Chapter 2 - Safety Information P446SV HEALTH AND SAFETY Personnel associated with the equipment must be familiar with the contents of this Safety Information. When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages are present in certain parts of the equipment. Improper use of the equipment and failure to observe warning notices will endanger personnel.
  • Page 51: Symbols

    P446SV Chapter 2 - Safety Information SYMBOLS Throughout this manual you will come across the following symbols. You will also see these symbols on parts of the equipment. Caution: Refer to equipment documentation. Failure to do so could result in damage to the equipment Warning: Risk of electric shock...
  • Page 52: Installation, Commissioning And Servicing

    Chapter 2 - Safety Information P446SV INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING LIFTING HAZARDS Many injuries are caused by: Lifting heavy objects ● Lifting things incorrectly ● ● Pushing or pulling heavy objects Using the same muscles repetitively ● Plan carefully, identify any possible hazards and determine how best to move the product. Look at other ways of moving the load to avoid manual handling.
  • Page 53: Ul/Csa/Cul Requirements

    P446SV Chapter 2 - Safety Information Caution: NEVER look into optical fibres or optical output connections. Always use optical power meters to determine operation or signal level. Warning: Testing may leave capacitors charged to dangerous voltage levels. Discharge capacitors by rediucing test voltages to zero before disconnecting test leads. Caution: Operate the equipment within the specified electrical and environmental limits.
  • Page 54: Equipment Connections

    Chapter 2 - Safety Information P446SV Caution: Digital input circuits should be protected by a high rupture capacity NIT or TIA fuse with maximum rating of 16 A. for safety reasons, current transformer circuits must never be fused. Other circuits should be appropriately fused to protect the wire used. Caution: CTs must NOT be fused since open circuiting them may produce lethal hazardous voltages...
  • Page 55: Pre-Energisation Checklist

    P446SV Chapter 2 - Safety Information Caution: Use a locknut or similar mechanism to ensure the integrity of stud-connected PCTs. Caution: The recommended minimum PCT wire size is 2.5 mm² for countries whose mains supply is 230 V (e.g. Europe) and 3.3 mm² for countries whose mains supply is 110 V (e.g. North America).
  • Page 56: Upgrading/Servicing

    Chapter 2 - Safety Information P446SV Note: For most Alstom equipment with ring-terminal connections, the threaded terminal block for current transformer termination is automatically shorted if the module is removed. Therefore external shorting of the CTs may not be required. Check the equipment documentation and wiring diagrams first to see if this applies.
  • Page 57: Decommissioning And Disposal

    P446SV Chapter 2 - Safety Information DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL Caution: Before decommissioning, completely isolate the equipment power supplies (both poles of any dc supply). The auxiliary supply input may have capacitors in parallel, which may still be charged. To avoid electric shock, discharge the capacitors using the external terminals before decommissioning.
  • Page 58: Regulatory Compliance

    Chapter 2 - Safety Information P446SV REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Compliance with the European Commission Directive on EMC and LVD is demonstrated using a technical file. EMC COMPLIANCE: 2014/30/EU The product specific Declaration of Conformity (DoC) lists the relevant harmonised standard(s) or conformit assessment used to demonstrate compliance with the EMC directive.
  • Page 59 P446SV Chapter 2 - Safety Information Where: 'II' Equipment Group: Industrial. '(2)G' High protection equipment category, for control of equipment in gas atmospheres in Zone 1 and 2. This equipment (with parentheses marking around the zone number) is not itself suitable for operation within a potentially explosive atmosphere.
  • Page 60 Chapter 2 - Safety Information P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 61: Chapter 3 Hardware Design

    CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE DESIGN...
  • Page 62 Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 63: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter provides information about the product's hardware design. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Hardware Architecture Mechanical Implementation Front Panel Rear Panel Boards and Modules P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 64: Hardware Architecture

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE The main components comprising an General Electric Sampled Values device are as follows: The housing, consisting of a front panel and connections at the rear ● The Main processor module consisting of the main CPU (Central Processing Unit), memory and an interface ●...
  • Page 65: Mechanical Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design MECHANICAL IMPLEMENTATION All products based on the Px4x platform have common hardware architecture. The hardware is modular and consists of the following main parts: Case and terminal blocks ● Boards and modules ● Front panel ●...
  • Page 66: List Of Boards

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV Case width (TE) Case width (mm) Case width (inches) 40TE 203.2 60TE 304.8 80TE 406.4 Note: Not all case sizes are available for all models. LIST OF BOARDS The product's hardware consists of several modules drawn from a standard range. The exact specification and number of hardware modules depends on the model number and variant.
  • Page 67: Front Panel

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design FRONT PANEL 40TE FRONT PANEL The following diagram shows a 40TE case. The hinged covers at the top and bottom of the front panel are shown closed. An optional transparent front cover physically protects the front panel. Figure 6: Front panel (40TE) The front panel consists of: Top and bottom compartments with hinged cover...
  • Page 68: Keypad

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV The bottom compartment contains: A compartment for a 1/2 AA size backup battery (used to back up the real time clock and event, fault, and ● disturbance records). A 9-pin female D-type front port for an EIA(RS)232 serial connection to a PC. ●...
  • Page 69: Front Parallel Port (Sk2)

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design Note: The front serial port does not support automatic extraction of event and disturbance records, although this data can be accessed manually. 4.1.3.1 FRONT SERIAL PORT (SK1) CONNECTIONS The port pin-out follows the standard for Data Communication Equipment (DCE) device with the following pin connections on a 9-pin connector.
  • Page 70: Rear Panel

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV REAR PANEL The MiCOM P40Agile Modular series uses a modular construction. Most of the internal workings are on boards and modules which fit into slots. Some of the boards plug into terminal blocks, which are bolted onto the rear of the unit.
  • Page 71: Boards And Modules

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design BOARDS AND MODULES Each product comprises a selection of PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) and subassemblies, depending on the chosen configuration. PCBS A PCB typically consists of the components, a front connector for connecting into the main system parallel bus via a ribbon cable, and an interface to the rear.
  • Page 72: Main Processor Board

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV MAIN PROCESSOR BOARD Figure 9: Main processor board The main processor board performs all calculations and controls the operation of all other modules in the IED, including the data communication and user interfaces. This is the only board that does not fit into one of the slots. It resides in the front panel and connects to the rest of the system using an internal ribbon cable.
  • Page 73: Power Supply Board

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design POWER SUPPLY BOARD Figure 10: Power supply board The power supply board provides power to the unit. One of three different configurations of the power supply board can be fitted to the unit. This is specified at the time of order and depends on the magnitude of the supply voltage that will be connected to it.
  • Page 74: Figure 11: Power Supply Assembly

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV Figure 11: Power supply assembly The power supply outputs are used to provide isolated power supply rails to the various modules within the unit. Three voltage levels are used by the unit’s modules: 5.1 V for all of the digital circuits ●...
  • Page 75: Watchdog

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design Figure 12: Power supply terminals 6.3.1 WATCHDOG The Watchdog contacts are also hosted on the power supply board. The Watchdog facility provides two output relay contacts, one normally open and one normally closed. These are used to indicate the health of the device and are driven by the main processor board, which continually monitors the hardware and software when the device is in service.
  • Page 76: Rear Serial Port

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV Figure 13: Watchdog contact terminals 6.3.2 REAR SERIAL PORT The rear serial port (RP1) is housed on the power supply board. This is a three-terminal EIA(RS)485 serial communications port and is intended for use with a permanently wired connection to a remote control centre for SCADA communication.
  • Page 77: Figure 14: Rear Serial Port Terminals

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design Figure 14: Rear serial port terminals An additional serial port with D-type presentation is available as an optional board, if required. IEC61850-9-2LE ETHERNET BOARD Fibre optic Ethernet connections RJ45 LINK RJ45 service port for commissioning ACTIVITY and testing only...
  • Page 78: Standard Output Relay Board

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV RJ45 Connector This is a service port for commissioning and testing only. Do not use this for permanent connections. LEDs Function Flashing Green Link Link ok Link broken Yellow Activity Traffic Note: The 9-2LE interface fibre port does not support auto negotiation. Ensure the Ethernet port of the device connected to the 9-2 LE interface fibre port is set to 100Mbps full duplex.
  • Page 79: Irig-B Board

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design Terminal Number Output Relay Terminal 4 Relay 2 NO Terminal 5 Relay 3 NO Terminal 6 Relay 3 NO Terminal 7 Relay 4 NO Terminal 8 Relay 4 NO Terminal 9 Relay 5 NO Terminal 10 Relay 5 NO Terminal 11...
  • Page 80: Fibre Optic Board

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV The IRIG-B facility is provided in combination with other functionality on a number of additional boards, such as: Fibre board with IRIG-B ● ● Second rear communications board with IRIG-B Ethernet board with IRIG-B ●...
  • Page 81: Rear Communication Board

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design REAR COMMUNICATION BOARD Figure 19: Rear communication board The optional communications board containing the secondary communication ports provide two serial interfaces presented on 9 pin D-type connectors. These interfaces are known as SK4 and SK5. Both connectors are female connectors, but are configured as DTE ports.
  • Page 82 Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV This is a communications board that provides a standard 100-Base Ethernet interface. This board supports one electrical copper connection and one fibre-pair connection. There are several variants for this board as follows: 100 Mbps Ethernet board ●...
  • Page 83: Redundant Ethernet Board

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design 6.10 REDUNDANT ETHERNET BOARD IRIG-B Link Fail Pin3 connector Pin 2 Pin 1 Link channel B Link channel A (green LED) (green LED) Activity channel Activity channel B A (yellow LED) (yellow LED) V01009 Figure 21: Redundant Ethernet board This board provides dual redundant Ethernet (supported by two fibre pairs) together with an IRIG-B interface for timing.
  • Page 84 Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV Link Fail Connector (Ethernet Board Watchdog Relay) Closed Open Link fail Channel 1 (A) Link ok Channel 1 (A) Link fail Channel 2 (B) Link ok Channel 2 (B) LEDs Function Flashing Green Link Link ok Link broken Yellow...
  • Page 85: Coprocessor Board

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design 6.11 COPROCESSOR BOARD Figure 22: Fully populated Coprocessor board Note: The above figure shows a coprocessor complete with GPS input and 2 fibre-optic serial data interfaces, and is not necessarily representative of the product and model described in this manual. These interfaces will not be present on boards that do not require them.
  • Page 86: High Break Output Relay Board

    Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV Note: The 1 pps signal is always supplied by a GPS receiver (such as a P594). Note: This signal is used to control the sampling process, and timing calculations and is not used for time stamping or real time synchronisation.
  • Page 87: Figure 24: High Break Contact Operation

    P446SV Chapter 3 - Hardware Design Databus control input MOSFET operate MOSFET reset Relay contact Closed 3.5ms + contact bounce 3.5ms Load current V00246 Figure 24: High Break contact operation High Break Contact Applications Efficient scheme engineering ● In traditional hard wired scheme designs, High Break capability could only be achieved using external electromechanical trip relays.
  • Page 88 Chapter 3 - Hardware Design P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 89: Chapter 4 Software Design

    CHAPTER 4 SOFTWARE DESIGN...
  • Page 90 Chapter 4 - Software Design P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 91: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 4 - Software Design CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter describes the software design of the IED. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Sofware Design Overview System Level Software Platform Software Protection and Control Functions P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 92: Sofware Design Overview

    Chapter 4 - Software Design P446SV SOFWARE DESIGN OVERVIEW The device software can be conceptually categorized into several elements as follows: The system level software ● The platform software ● ● The protection and control software These elements are not distinguishable to the user, and the distinction is made purely for the purposes of explanation.
  • Page 93: System Level Software

    P446SV Chapter 4 - Software Design SYSTEM LEVEL SOFTWARE REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM The real-time operating system is used to schedule the processing of the various tasks. This ensures that they are processed in the time available and in the desired order of priority. The operating system also plays a part in controlling the communication between the software tasks, through the use of operating system messages.
  • Page 94: System Level Software Initialisation

    Chapter 4 - Software Design P446SV 3.4.2 SYSTEM LEVEL SOFTWARE INITIALISATION The initialization process initializes the processor registers and interrupts, starts the watchdog timers (used by the hardware to determine whether the software is still running), starts the real-time operating system and creates and starts the supervisor task.
  • Page 95 P446SV Chapter 4 - Software Design If the problem is with the battery status or the IRIG-B board, the device continues in operation. For problems detected in any other area, the device initiates a shutdown and re-boot, resulting in a period of up to 10 seconds when the functionality is unavailable.
  • Page 96: Platform Software

    Chapter 4 - Software Design P446SV PLATFORM SOFTWARE The platform software has three main functions: To control the logging of records generated by the protection software, including alarms, events, faults, and ● maintenance records To store and maintain a database of all of the settings in non-volatile memory ●...
  • Page 97: Protection And Control Functions

    P446SV Chapter 4 - Software Design PROTECTION AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS The protection and control software processes all of the protection elements and measurement functions. To achieve this it has to communicate with the system services software, the platform software as well as organise its own operations.
  • Page 98: Fourier Signal Processing

    Chapter 4 - Software Design P446SV capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) transients in the voltages. The device uses a combination of a 1/4 cycle filter using 12 coefficients, a 1/2 cycle filter using 24 coefficients, and a single cycle filter using 48 coefficients. The device automatically performs intelligent switching in the application of the filters, to select the best balance of removal of transients with fast response.
  • Page 99: Programmable Scheme Logic

    P446SV Chapter 4 - Software Design Ideal anti-alias filter response Fourier Response Real anti-alias filter without anti-alias filter response Fourier Response with anti-alias filter 2 3... Alias frequency 50 Hz 1200 Hz 2400 Hz V00306 Figure 27: Frequency Response (indicative only) PROGRAMMABLE SCHEME LOGIC The purpose of the programmable scheme logic (PSL) is to allow you to configure your own protection schemes to suit your particular application.
  • Page 100: Disturbance Recorder

    Chapter 4 - Software Design P446SV For more information, see the Monitoring and Control chapter. DISTURBANCE RECORDER The disturbance recorder operates as a separate task from the protection and control task. It can record the waveforms for up to 12 calibrated analog channels and the values of up to 32 digital signals. The recording time is user selectable.
  • Page 101: Chapter 5 Configuration

    CHAPTER 5 CONFIGURATION...
  • Page 102 Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 103: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration CHAPTER OVERVIEW Each product has different configuration parameters according to the functions it has been designed to perform. There is, however, a common methodology used across the entire product series to set these parameters. Some of the communications setup can only be carried out using the HMI, and cannot be carried out using settings applications software.
  • Page 104: Settings Application Software

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV SETTINGS APPLICATION SOFTWARE To configure this device you will need to use the Settings Application Software. The settings application software used in this range of IEDs is called MiCOM S1 Agile. It is a collection of software tools, which is used for setting up and managing the IEDs.
  • Page 105: Using The Hmi Panel

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration USING THE HMI PANEL Using the HMI, you can: Display and modify settings ● View the digital I/O signal status ● ● Display measurements Display fault records ● Reset fault and alarm indications ● The keypad provides full access to the device functionality using a range of menu options. The information is displayed on the LCD.
  • Page 106: Navigating The Hmi Panel

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV Note: As the LCD display has a resolution of 16 characters by 3 lines, some of the information is in a condensed mnemonic form. NAVIGATING THE HMI PANEL The cursor keys are used to navigate the menus. These keys have an auto-repeat function if held down continuously.
  • Page 107: Default Display

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration Alarms / Faults Present HOTKEY Even though the device itself should be in full working order when you first start it, an alarm could still be present, for example, if there is no network connection for a device fitted with a network card. If this is the case, you can read the alarm by pressing the 'Read' key.
  • Page 108: Default Display Navigation

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV Plant Reference MiCOM HOTKEY Access Level For example: Access Level HOTKEY In addition to the above, there are also displays for the system voltages, currents, power and frequency etc., depending on the device model. DEFAULT DISPLAY NAVIGATION The following diagram is an example of the default display navigation.
  • Page 109: Password Entry

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration DISPLAY NOT NERC COMPLIANT. OK? You will have to confirm with the Enter button before you can go any further. Note: Whenever the IED has an uncleared alarm the default display is replaced by the text Alarms/ Faults present. You cannot override this default display.
  • Page 110: Processing Alarms And Records

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV PROCESSING ALARMS AND RECORDS If there are any alarm messages, they will appear on the default display and the yellow alarm LED flashes. The alarm messages can either be self-resetting or latched. If they are latched, they must be cleared manually. To view the alarm messages, press the Read key.
  • Page 111: Changing The Settings

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration It is convenient to specify all the settings in a single column, detailing the complete Courier address for each setting. The above table may therefore be represented as follows: Setting Column Description SYSTEM DATA First Column definition Language (Row 01) First setting within first column Password (Row 02)
  • Page 112: Direct Access (The Hotkey Menu)

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV Press the Enter key to confirm the new setting value or the Clear key to discard it. The new setting is automatically discarded if it is not confirmed within 15 seconds. For protection group settings and disturbance recorder settings, the changes must be confirmed before they are used.
  • Page 113: Control Inputs

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration Select the setting group with Nxt Grp and confirm by pressing Select. If neither of the cursor keys is pressed within 20 seconds of entering a hotkey sub menu, the device reverts to the default display. 3.9.2 CONTROL INPUTS The control inputs are user-assignable functions.
  • Page 114: Function Keys

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV 3.10 FUNCTION KEYS Most products have a number of function keys for programming control functionality using the programmable scheme logic (PSL). Each function key has an associated programmable tri-colour LED that can be programmed to give the desired indication on function key activation.
  • Page 115 P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration press duration of approximately 200 ms is required before the key press is recognised. This feature avoids accidental double presses. P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 116: Line Parameters

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV LINE PARAMETERS This product requires information about the circuit to which it is applied. This includes line impedance, residual compensation, and phase rotation sequence. For this reason circuit parameter information must be input using the LINE PARAMETERS settings. These LINE PARAMETERS settings are used by protection elements as well as by the fault locator.
  • Page 117: Cb Trip Conversion Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration 4.1.1 CB TRIP CONVERSION LOGIC DIAGRAM Trip Inputs A CB1 Trip OutputA Trip Inputs B CB1 Trip OutputB Trip Inputs C CB1 Trip OutputC CB1Tripping Mode & 3 Pole CB1 Trip 3ph AR Force CB1 3P Force 3PTrip CB1 CB1 Trip I/P 3Ph Trip Inputs A...
  • Page 118: Mutual Compensation

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV ● is the residual compensation coefficient given by the complex equation: − where: is the total zero sequence impedance of the line (a complex value) ● ● is the total positive sequence impedance of the protected line (a complex value) The complex residual compensation coefficient is defined by two settings: kZN Res Comp (the absolute value) and kZN Res Angle (the angle in degrees).
  • Page 119 P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration where: is the total zero sequence impedance of the line (a complex value) ● ● is the total positive sequence impedance of the protected line (complex value) is the zero sequence mutual impedance between the two circuits (complex value). ●...
  • Page 120: Date And Time Configuration

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV DATE AND TIME CONFIGURATION The date and time setting will normally be updated automatically by the chosen UTC (Universal Time Co- ordination) time synchronisation mechanism when the device is in service. You can also set the date and time manually using the Date/Time cell in the DATE AND TIME column.
  • Page 121: Without A Timing Source Signal

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration Ensure that the IED is receiving valid time synchronisation messages by checking that the PTP Status cell reads Valid Master. Check that Act. Time Source cell reads PTP. This indicates that the IED is using PTP as the source for its time.
  • Page 122: Daylight Saving Time Compensation

    Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME COMPENSATION It is possible to compensate for Daylight Saving time using the following settings DST Enable ● ● DST Offset DST Start ● ● DST Start Day DST Start Month ● DST Start Mins ●...
  • Page 123: Settings Group Selection

    P446SV Chapter 5 - Configuration SETTINGS GROUP SELECTION You can select the setting group using opto inputs, a menu selection, and for some models the hotkey menu or function keys. You choose which method using the Setting Group setting in the CONFIGURATION column. There are two possibilities;...
  • Page 124 Chapter 5 - Configuration P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 125: Chapter 6 Sampled Value Operation

    CHAPTER 6 SAMPLED VALUE OPERATION...
  • Page 126 Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 127: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Introduction To Sampled Values Data Resampling Sampled Value Alignment P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 128: Introduction To Sampled Values

    Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation P446SV INTRODUCTION TO SAMPLED VALUES IEC 61850 Sampled Value specifications such as IEC 61850-9-2LE or IEC 61850-9-9, define Process Bus communications between the different components of the substation automation system. IEDs with compatible interfaces can communicate with the Process Bus and receive sampled value data from Merging Units. Analog Merging Units digitize analog values from conventional CTs and VTs, replacing analog inputs.
  • Page 129: Data Resampling

    P446SV Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation DATA RESAMPLING An IEC 61850-9-2LE SV interface receives 80 Sampled Values per cycle from the Process Bus. This is the same for both 50 and 60 Hz. The SV interface then resamples these Sampled Values to make the data appear the same to the IED as analogue signals would do on its normal inputs from CTs and VTs.
  • Page 130: Sampled Value Alignment

    Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation P446SV SAMPLED VALUE ALIGNMENT Sampled Value frames from different Merging Units on the Process Bus may not arrive at the same time at the IED. The transmission delay depends on the background Ethernet traffic and how many switches are used in the Process Bus network.
  • Page 131: Impact Of Data Quality On Protection Functions

    P446SV Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation The protection function will be trusted and NOT inhibited for questionable data for the items above which have been set. The protection function returns to the Normal state when the quality flags for all the necessary Sampled Value inputs are Good.
  • Page 132: Sample Loss Data

    Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation P446SV The following data is provided: LNx LossRate Sec: This is the percentage of SV frames missing during the past second for LNx. LNx FrmLoss Cuml: This is the number of frames lost since the last reset. The most recent reset time is listed in the IED menu.
  • Page 133: Virtual Inputs And Outputs

    P446SV Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation Vsc1 Select x1 Vsc1 Select 1x Vsc1 Selection Vcs2 Vcs3 Unused The selection of voltage Vsc2 is controlled by the combined status of two DDBs, Vsc2 Select x1 and Vsc2 Select 1x as shown in the following table. Vsc2 Select x1 Vsc2 Select 1x Vsc2 Selection...
  • Page 134: Ied Alarms

    Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation P446SV For example if the maximum primary current is 50 kA: If the CT ratio is set to 1000:1 the converted secondary current is up to 50 A. This is less than 64 A so is ●...
  • Page 135 P446SV Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation MENU TEXT Default Setting Available Setting Description SAV No SmpSynch 00000000 This is a data cell with 8 binary flags. It indicates the healthiness of the Sampled Values being received from each of the configured Merging Units.
  • Page 136 Chapter 6 - Sampled Value Operation P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 137: Distance Protection

    CHAPTER 7 DISTANCE PROTECTION...
  • Page 138 Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 139: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the principles and theory behind the protection and describes how it is implemented in this product. Guidance for applying this protection is also provided. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Introduction Distance Measuring Zones Operating Principles...
  • Page 140: Introduction

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV INTRODUCTION Amongst protection engineers, the basic principles of Distance Protection are widely documented and understood. If you are reading this chapter, we assume that you are familiar with the principles of distance protection and associated components such as Aided Schemes.
  • Page 141: Impedance Calculation

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection From the equation above, it can be seen that the measured voltage has a significant impact on the decision making process. The ability of distance protection to measure accurately for a given reach point fault, depends on the voltage at the relaying location being above a minimum value at the time of the fault.
  • Page 142: Distance Measuring Zones Operating Principles

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV DISTANCE MEASURING ZONES OPERATING PRINCIPLES All distance zone characteristics in this product are constructed with one or more comparators. The comparators are used to construct either Mho, or Quadrilateral characteristics. This section outlines the principles behind the construction of the characteristics in order to provide an understanding of how best to set them.
  • Page 143: Mho Characteristics

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Note: The faulted phase current (I) is generally used as the reference (0º) for the vector diagrams. MHO CHARACTERISTICS There are different types of Mho characteristic, but two specific ones are well suited to introducing the defining principles.
  • Page 144: Directional Self-Polarized Mho Characteristic For Earth Faults

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV   I  90°      V02711 Figure 35: Offset Mho characteristic The two signals provided to the comparator are: = V - IZ' = V - IZ Operation occurs when the angle between the signals is greater than 90° 3.1.3 DIRECTIONAL SELF-POLARIZED MHO CHARACTERISTIC FOR EARTH FAULTS Characteristics of earth-fault elements can be represented in two different complex planes - the positive sequence...
  • Page 145: Figure 36: Directional Mho Element Construction - Impedance Domain

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Plane Plane   j    replica  replica 90° 90°   V02712 Figure 36: Directional Mho element construction – impedance domain The two signals provided to the comparator are: = V - IZ where (for an A-N fault for example) with residual compensation applied: V = V I = I...
  • Page 146: Offset Mho Characteristic For Earth Faults

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Then if healthy phase currents are much less then the current of the faulty phase and the mutual compensation is disabled: so that @ Z(1 + k replica Thus the Z plane representation of the characteristic becomes static. 3.1.4 OFFSET MHO CHARACTERISTIC FOR EARTH FAULTS The diagram below illustrates how the Offset Mho characteristic for earth-fault distance protection is created in...
  • Page 147: Figure 38: Offset Mho Characteristics - Voltage Domain

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection -plane     replica replica 90°  Z  replica Z    replica    V02714 Figure 38: Offset mho characteristics – voltage domain where: Z is the replica forward reach and Z' is the replica reverse reach.
  • Page 148: Memory Polarization Of Mho Characteristics

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV 3.1.5 MEMORY POLARIZATION OF MHO CHARACTERISTICS Self-Polarized Directional Mho characteristics require sufficient polarizing voltage to detect the voltage angle. Therefore such a characteristic is unable to operate for close-up faults where there would be insufficient polarizing voltage.
  • Page 149: Figure 40: Mho Expansion - Forward Fault

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection  Self-polarised  90°        V02716 Figure 40: Mho expansion – forward fault The Mho expansion associated with forward faults is as follows: Mho Expansion = Z p/(1 +p) where Z is the impedance of the source behind the relaying point.
  • Page 150: Figure 41: Simplified Reverse Fault

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Dist Network V02717 Figure 41: Simplified Reverse Fault For a fault condition we can write the following equations: = V - I(Z   V I Z ° ≤ ∠ − ⋅  − ∠ −...
  • Page 151: Cross Polarization Of Mho Characteristics

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection      90°   Z    Self-polarised V02718 Figure 42: Mho contraction – reverse fault The Mho contraction associated with reverse faults is as follows: Mho Contraction = (Z ).p/(1 + p) where Z is the impedance of the line and the source ahead of the relaying point.
  • Page 152: Implementation Of Mho Polarization

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV The cross-polarization voltage is generated using phase(s) not otherwise used for the particular distance or directional measurement. While one pole is dead, and the memory is not available, the elements associated with the remaining phases are polarized as shown in the following table: Cross Polarizing Signal Cross Polarizing Signal Cross Polarizing Signal...
  • Page 153: Quadrilateral Characteristic

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection If the fault is cleared before the voltage memory signal expires, the memory algorithm resets and restarts the two/four cycle validation process. If there is no voltage memory available (either because the line has just been energised, or because the memory voltage has expired), cross polarization is used instead.
  • Page 154: Directional Quadrilaterals

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Impedance Reach line Reverse Resistive Tripping Reach line Region Resistive Reach line R’ θ Z’ Reverse Impedance Reach line V02721 Figure 44: General Quadrilateral Characteristic Limits In the figure, an Offset Quadrilateral characteristic is defined by its Impedance Reach, Z, (and Reverse Impedance Reach, Z’), its Resistive Reach, R, (and Reverse Resistive Reach, R’), and the zone angle (θ).
  • Page 155: Figure 45: Directional Quadrilateral Characteristic

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Tripping Region Directional Line R’ θ Z’ Forward direction 60° Reverse direction V02720 Figure 45: Directional Quadrilateral Characteristic This product has a Delta Directional element that is normally used to directionalise the Distance protection. By default, the Delta Directional element is enabled (Dir.
  • Page 156: Figure 47: Five-Sided Polygon Formed By Quadrilateral Characteristic With Directional-Line

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Directional Quadrilateral Limits The implementation of Directional Quadrilaterals in this product produces Directional Zone characteristics that are formed by the combination of five comparators. Each comparator produces a straight line on the complex impedance plane. The lines produced are: ●...
  • Page 157 P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Reverse Resistive Reach ● Directional Line Angle ● Zone Characteristic Impedance Angle ● Tilt Angles of Impedance Reach Lines ● The Impedance Reach, the Resistive Reach, and the Zone Characteristic Impedance Angle, can be freely assigned. The Directional Line Angle is 60º...
  • Page 158: Quadrilateral Characteristic For Phase Faults

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Reverse Resistive Zone Type Impedance Reach Z Reverse Impedance Reach Z’ Resistive Reach R Reach R’ ZQ Gnd. Reach * (1 + k ZQ’ Gnd Rev Rch * (1 + k Q Ph-Earth Offset RQ Gnd Resistive RQ’...
  • Page 159: Figure 49: Reverse Impedance Reach Line Construction

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Ð (V - I.Z) £ Ð I. Ð σ The resultant two signals provided to the comparator are: = V - I.Z Ð σ = I. Impedance on the tripping side of the Impedance Reach line is detected when the angle between S1 and S2 is less than 0°.
  • Page 160: Figure 50: Resistive Reach Of Phase Elements

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV  Half of the loop Dist Network Line V02725 Figure 50: Resistive reach of phase elements The setting Rx Ph. Resistive defines the complete loop resistive reach R of the Distance Protection. Since a phase-to-phase distance element measures half of the loop, the right-hand resistive reach R, of the characteristic is equal to half of the setting value.
  • Page 161: Figure 52: Reverse Resistive Reach Line Construction

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection The impedance on the left side of the right hand resistive line is detected when the angle between S1 and S2 is greater than 0°. 3.2.2.4 PHASE FAULT REVERSE RESISTIVE REACH LINE Ð Z V / I V / I - R’...
  • Page 162: Earth Fault Quadrilateral Characteristics

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV The comparators used for the Phase-Fault Quadrilateral zones are summarised in the following table: Condition Zone Line (∠S1 - ∠S2) Forward/Offset Impedance Reach Line V – I.Z I.Ð σº <0º Forward/Offset Reverse Impedance Reach Line V –...
  • Page 163 P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection 3.2.3.1 EARTH FAULT REACTANCE LINES Both forward and reverse reach reactance lines feature a fixed tilt. For the Impedance Reach line, the fixed tilt can be set to reinforce underreaching or overreaching preferences for the zone. For the Reverse Impedance Reach line, the fixed tilt is preset at -3º.
  • Page 164: Figure 54: Impedance Reach Line In Z1 Plane

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV 3.2.3.2 EARTH FAULT FIXED REACTANCE LINE TILTING Each zone has an independent setting to set the tilt angle (σ) of the Impedance Reach line of the quadrilateral characteristic. If dynamic tilting is disabled, the characteristic uses this setting to apply a fixed tilt to the top line. The tilting angle is with reference to the fault current I, and is defined by: Ð...
  • Page 165: Figure 55: Impedance Reach Line In Zlp Plane

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection The following figure shows the Z -plane representation of the characteristic: -plane    replica  replica V02732 Figure 55: Impedance Reach line in Z plane The Impedance Reach line tilting angle in the Z plane is fixed at σ...
  • Page 166: Figure 56: General Characteristic In Zlp Plane

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV plane  replica R’ 3° Z’ replica V02733 Figure 56: General characteristic in Z plane The comparators used for the reactance lines are as per the following table: Zone Line Condition ∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º Forward or Offset Impedance Reach Vph - Iph.Zreplica...
  • Page 167: Figure 57: Phase Relations Between I2 And Iph For Leading And Lagging Polarizing Currents

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection For Reverse operating zones the dynamically tilting line is in the opposite quadrant of the characteristic ● compared with Forward/Offset Zones and the dynamic tilt moves the line away from the resistive axis. For Offset zones, the Impedance Reach lines tilt away from the R-axis, whilst the Reverse Impedance Reach ●...
  • Page 168: Figure 58: General Characteristic In Z1 Plane

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV If I is I2, the lines are dynamically tilted down from the fixed angle. If I is Iph, the fixed tilt applies. 3.2.3.4 EARTH FAULT RESISTIVE BLINDERS The Resistive Reach settings are used to select the resistive limits of the Quadrilaterals. The Earth Fault reach settings are set according to the positive sequence line impedance, so are generally identical to the settings of the Phase Fault elements.
  • Page 169: Figure 59: Simplified Characteristic In Z1 Plane

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection plane    Ð                       R’ reach reach Z’   Ð ...
  • Page 170 Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV 3.2.3.5 EARTH FAULT QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY The inputs to the comparators used for the earth-fault Quadrilaterals are summarised in the following table: Zone Line Condition ∠ σ ∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º Vph - Iph.Z Zone 1 Impedance Reach replica...
  • Page 171: Phase And Earth Fault Distance Protection Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection PHASE AND EARTH FAULT DISTANCE PROTECTION IMPLEMENTATION The Distance protection requires line data to be input to operate correctly. You must first input the data using the settings in the LINE PARAMETERS column. The Distance protection has a Setting Mode which is set to Simple by default. We recommend the default for most applications.
  • Page 172: Distance Protection Phase Selection

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV For directional zones, the directionality element must agree with the tripping zone. Zones 1, 2, and 4 are ● always directional whereas other zones are only directional if set as directional. In directional zones the directionality element must agree with the tripping zone.
  • Page 173: Biased Neutral Current Detector

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection V02702 Figure 60: Phase to phase current changes for C phase-to-ground (CN) fault As default, phase selection is made when any superimposed current exceeds 5% of nominal current (0.05 In). Any superimposed current greater than 80% of the largest superimposed current is included in the phase selection logic.
  • Page 174: Distance Element Zone Settings

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV           Bias current BIAS V02777 Figure 61: Biased Neutral Current Detector Characteristic The neutral current detector uses the maximum of the three phase current differences as a biasing value. The slope of the characteristic is fixed at 10%.
  • Page 175: Advanced Distance Zone Settings

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection The Delta Directional technique needs the changes in voltage and current to exceed the preset thresholds, in order to determine forward and reverse decisions. If these thresholds are not exceeded, but a potential fault is detected, the Distance protection reverts to a conventional directional technique with memory polarization of the voltage.
  • Page 176: Capacitor Vt Applications

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV 0.25/Zone 1 reach = 0.25/(0.8 x line impedance) 0.25/Zone 2 reach = 0.25/(1.2 x line impedance) 1.5 x (0.25/Zone 4 reach) = 0.25/line impedance In such cases, for Zone 1, the dominant Zone reach term is that of Zone 1 and the equation can be reduced to: Sensitivity (Z1) = max (5%In, (0.25/(0.8 x line impedance))) For lines with an impedance of less than 6.25 Ω...
  • Page 177: Load Blinding

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection where: Vn = Nominal phase to neutral voltage ● ● I = Fault current Z = Reach setting for the zone concerned ● Sub-cycle tripping is maintained for lower SIRs, up to a ratio of 2. The instantaneous operating time is increased by about a quarter of a power frequency cycle at higher SIRs.
  • Page 178: Cross Country Fault Protection

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV CROSS COUNTRY FAULT PROTECTION "Cross country fault" is a term that has been adopted to cover a fault scenario where two separate single-phase faults occur on a system together. For example, where single-pole tripping is employed, if a single phase-to-earth fault occurs, the voltages on the other phases can rise above normal.
  • Page 179: Delta Directional Element

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection DELTA DIRECTIONAL ELEMENT Where Distance protection is being applied, a ‘Delta’ algorithm is provided to directionalize the distance elements. If used in conjunction with aided schemes, this Delta algorithm can also provide additional protection in the form of directional comparison protection.
  • Page 180: Delta Directional Decision

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV voltage generator represents voltage change at fault location E02704 Figure 63: Sequence networks connection for an internal A-N fault The fault is shown near to the busbar at end R of the line, and results in a connection of the positive, negative, and zero sequence networks in series.
  • Page 181: Figure 64: - Dv Forward And Reverse Tripping Regions

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection For a forward fault: DV is a decrease in voltage, so it is in the negative sense. DI is a forward current flow, so it is in the positive sense. Where DI and DV are approximately in anti-phase, the fault is forward. The exact angle relationship for the forward fault is: D V / D I = - (Source impedance Zs) For a reverse fault...
  • Page 182: Application Notes

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV APPLICATION NOTES SETTING MODE CHOICE This product has two setting modes for distance protection: Simple, or Advanced. In the majority of cases, we recommend the Simple setting. Using the Simple mode, you need only enter the line parameters such as length, impedances and residual compensation.
  • Page 183: Earth Fault Characteristic

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Variable mho Zone Reach Z expansion by polarizing ratio Time Delay Load Line Blinder Angle Angle β Blinder Radius E02747 Figure 66: Settings required to apply a mho zone 6.2.2 EARTH FAULT CHARACTERISTIC The earth fault characteristic selection is common to all zones, allowing Mho or quadrilateral selection. Generally, the characteristic chosen matches utility practice.
  • Page 184: Quadrilateral Resistive Reaches

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Zone 3 may also be set as a reverse directional zone. The setting chosen for Zone 3, if used, depends on its application. Typical applications include its use as an additional time delayed zone or as a reverse back-up protection zone for busbars and transformers.
  • Page 185: Dynamic Tilting

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection 6.4.1 DYNAMIC TILTING The dynamic tilting requirements are different for long lines and short lines: Long lines In the case of medium and long line applications where quadrilateral distance earth-fault characteristics are used, Zn Dynamic Tilt should be enabled and the starting tilt angle should be -3° (as per the default settings). This tilt compensates for possible current and voltage transformer and line data errors.
  • Page 186: Fixed Tilting

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Note: You can also use Delta Directional schemes to detect high resistance faults. 6.4.2 FIXED TILTING As an alternative to dynamic tilting, you can set a fixed tilt angle. This is used for applications where the power flow direction is unidirectional.
  • Page 187: Directional Element For Distance Protection

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Note: Mho characteristics have an inherent tendency to avoid unwanted overreaching, making them very desirable for long line protection. DIRECTIONAL ELEMENT FOR DISTANCE PROTECTION Distance zones are directionalized by the Delta decision. For Delta directional decisions, the relay characteristic angle (RCA) settings must be based on the average source + line impedance angle for a fault anywhere internal or external to the line.
  • Page 188: Load Blinding Setup

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV LOAD BLINDING SETUP We strongly recommend enabling the load blinder, especially for lines above 150km (90miles) and for any networks where power swings might be experienced. This will prevent non-harmonic low-frequency transients causing load encroachment problems.
  • Page 189: Delta Directional Element Setting Guidelines

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection 6.10 DELTA DIRECTIONAL ELEMENT SETTING GUIDELINES For the Delta directional element, the relay characteristic angle (RCA) settings must be based on the average source + line impedance angle for a fault anywhere internal or external to the line. Typically, the Dir Char Angle is set to 60°, as it is not essential for this setting to be precise.
  • Page 190: Line Impedance Calculation

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Zone 1 reach settings for phase-faults and earth-faults ● Zone 2 reach settings for phase-faults and earth-faults ● Zone 3 reach settings for phase-faults and earth-faults ● Zone 3 reverse reach settings ● ● Zone 4 reach settings (for use with Permissive Overreach or Blocking schemes if needed) Load avoidance ●...
  • Page 191: Residual Compensation For Earth Fault Elements

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Line Impedance = 5.81 W 6.11.2 RESIDUAL COMPENSATION FOR EARTH FAULT ELEMENTS The residual compensation factor can be applied independently to certain zones if required. This is a useful feature where line impedance characteristics change between sections or where hybrid circuits are used. In this example this is not the case, so a common kZN factor can be applied to each zone.
  • Page 192: Zone 3 Phase And Ground Reach Settings

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Ð 79.4° x 0.12 = (100+30) x 0.484 Ð 79.4° W secondary = 7.56 Set Z2 Ph. Reach and Z2 Gnd. Reach = 7.56 W ● ● Set Z2 Ph. Angle and Z2 Gnd. Angle = 80° Alternatively, in Simple setting mode, this reach can be set as a percentage of the protected line.
  • Page 193: Load Avoidance

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection This is the minimum Zone 4 Reach setting, so: Set Z4 Ph. Reach and Z4 Gnd. Reach = 3.96 W ● Set Z4 Ph. Angle and Z4 Gnd. Angle = 80° ● 6.11.8 LOAD AVOIDANCE The maximum full load current of the line can be determined from the calculation: Ö...
  • Page 194: Teed Feeder Applications

    Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV Note: For circuits with infeed from more than one terminal, the fault resistance will appear greater. This is because the protection cannot measure the current contribution from a remote terminal. The apparent fault resistance increase could be between 2 to 8 times the calculated resistance.
  • Page 195: Figure 69: Apparent Impedances Seen By Distance Protection On A Teed Feeder

    P446SV Chapter 7 - Distance Protection Impedance seen by relay A E03524 Figure 69: Apparent Impedances seen by Distance Protection on a Teed Feeder The impedance seen by the distance elements at terminal A is given by: Za = Zat + Zbt + [Zbt.(Ic/Ia)] For faults beyond the Tee point, with infeed from terminals A and C, the distance elements at A (and C) will underreach.
  • Page 196 Chapter 7 - Distance Protection P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 197: Chapter 8 Carrier Aided Schemes

    CHAPTER 8 CARRIER AIDED SCHEMES...
  • Page 198 Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 199: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Introduction Carrier Aided Schemes Implementation Aided Distance Scheme Logic Aided DEF Scheme Logic Aided Delta Scheme Logic Application Notes P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 200: Introduction

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV INTRODUCTION The provision of communication channels between the terminals of a protected transmission line or distribution feeder enables unit protection to be applied. Protection devices located at different terminals can be configured to communicate with one another in order to implement unit protection schemes.
  • Page 201: Carrier Aided Schemes Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes CARRIER AIDED SCHEMES IMPLEMENTATION With Aided Distance protection, tripping schemes are used to connect similar devices at different terminals on the protected line to provide fast clearance for faults anywhere along the line. For distance protection It is typical to set Zone 1 distance protection elements to cover only 80% of a line from the relaying point.
  • Page 202: Default Carrier Aided Schemes

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV DEFAULT CARRIER AIDED SCHEMES This product provides support for two Carrier Aided schemes, which can operate in parallel. The schemes are referred to as ‘Aided Scheme 1’ and ‘Aided Scheme 2’. The schemes have been designed to operate independently with a separate communication channel dedicated to each one, but they can share a single communication channel if necessary.
  • Page 203: Aided Distance Scheme Logic

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes AIDED DISTANCE SCHEME LOGIC When the Carrier Aided schemes are used in conjunction with the Distance protection, you can choose whether to use them with the phase distance elements only, the earth-fault (ground) distance elements only, or for both phase and earth fault elements.
  • Page 204: Permissive Over-Reach Scheme

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 & & Trip A Trip B Optional features of scheme E03501 Figure 71: Aided Distance PUR scheme PERMISSIVE OVER-REACH SCHEME Permissive Over-reach schemes are variously referred to as POR, POP, POTT. We normally use the term POR. In a Permissive Overreach scheme the channel is keyed (that means that the aiding signal is asserted) by the pickup of an over-reaching Zone 2 element.
  • Page 205 P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes The following are some of the main features and requirements for a POR scheme: The scheme requires a duplex signalling channel to prevent possible maloperation if a carrier is keyed for an ● external fault.
  • Page 206: Permissive Overreach Trip Reinforcement

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV Zone 4 Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 & & CB Open CB Open & & Zone 4 Zone 4 LD0V LD0V & & & &...
  • Page 207: Permissive Overreach Weak Infeed Features

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes This feature is called permissive trip reinforcement. It is designed to ensure that synchronous tripping occurs at all protected terminals. 4.2.2 PERMISSIVE OVERREACH WEAK INFEED FEATURES Special weak infeed logic (WI) can be used with the POR schemes. The Weak Infeed setting can be found in the SCHEME LOGIC column.
  • Page 208: Current Reversal Guard Logic

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV Permissive channel Permissive Alarm System condition Loss of guard received trip allowed generated Yes, during a 150 ms Yes, delayed on pickup by Unblock window 150 ms Yes, delayed on pickup by Signalling Anomaly 150 ms The window of time during which the unblocking logic is enabled starts 10ms after the guard signal is lost, and continues for 150ms.
  • Page 209: Aided Distance Blocking Schemes

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes Two variants of Blocking scheme are available: Blocking 1 (Reversal Guard applied to the Signal Send) ● ● Blocking 2 (Reversal Guard applied to the Signal Receive) AIDED DISTANCE BLOCKING SCHEMES Two default Blocking schemes are provided: Blocking 1 ●...
  • Page 210: Aided Distance Unblocking Schemes

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV Zone 4 Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Fast Z4 Fast Z4 & & & & Trip B Trip A Selectable features E03504 Figure 74: Aided Distance Blocking scheme (BOP) AIDED DISTANCE UNBLOCKING SCHEMES The Unblocking schemes are specifically designed for use with Power Line Carrier (PLC) communications where different frequencies are used to indicate that a guard (no-fault condition) or a trip (fault condition) signal should...
  • Page 211 P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes DDB signal (Opto-input) DDB signal Input L3 (DDB: 34) Aided 1 Scheme Rx (DDB: 493) Input L4 (DDB: 35) Aided 1 COS/LGS (DDB: 492) The Aided 1 Scheme RX signal corresponds to a 'channel-receive' signal for scheme 1. The Aided 1 COS/LGS signal corresponds to a 'channel out of service' or 'loss of guard' signal ('Loss of guard' is the inverse signal to 'guard received').
  • Page 212: Aided Distance Logic Diagrams

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV AIDED DISTANCE LOGIC DIAGRAMS 4.7.1 AIDED DISTANCE SEND LOGIC Aid 1 Distance Scheme options * Custom Send Mask Aid1 InhibitDist Masking options * Zone1 AN Element & & Zone1 BN Element Zone1 CN Element Zone1 AB Element &...
  • Page 213: Aided Distance Tripping Logic

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes 4.7.3 AIDED DISTANCE TRIPPING LOGIC Aid1 InhibitDist Aid1 Trip Enable Aid1 Custom Trip Aid 1 Dist Trip Zone2 AN Element & & & Aided 1 Trip A Zone2 BN Element & & & Aided 1 Trip B Zone 2 CN Element &...
  • Page 214: Por Aided Tripping Logic

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV 4.7.5 POR AIDED TRIPPING LOGIC Aided 1 Receive Aided 1 Receive & & Aid1 Trip Enable Aid1 Trip Enable Aid. 1 Selection Aid. 1 Selection Distance signal send DEF signal send tReversal Guard tReversal Guard Delta signal send Any Zone 4 element...
  • Page 215: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping Logic

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes Figure 79: POR Aided Tripping logic 4.7.6 AIDED SCHEME BLOCKING 1 TRIPPING LOGIC Aided 1 Send Aided 1 Receive Aid1 Trip Enable Aided 1 COS/LGS V03516 Figure 80: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping logic 4.7.7 AIDED SCHEME BLOCKING 2 TRIPPING LOGIC tReversal Guard...
  • Page 216: Aided Def Scheme Logic

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV AIDED DEF SCHEME LOGIC AIDED DEF INTRODUCTION High resistance faults may be difficult to detect using distance protection. A Directional Earth Fault DEF element is sometimes used in conjunction with a communication scheme to provide protection against such faults. The use of Aided-Trip logic in conjunction with the DEF element allows faster trip times, and can facilitate single-phase tripping, if needed.
  • Page 217: Zero Sequence Polarizing

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes 5.3.1 ZERO SEQUENCE POLARIZING Residual voltage is generated during earth faults. This zero-sequence quantity can be used to polarize the directional decision of Aided DEF protection. This device can derive residual voltage if connected to a suitable voltage transformer (VT) arrangement.
  • Page 218: Negative Sequence Polarizing

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV IN angle -RCA For a forward direction , -VN hs to be in the shaded area For a reverse direction, -VN has to be in unshaded area V03522 Figure 82: Virtual Current Polarization The Polarizing voltage (VNpol) is as per the table below and RCA is the relay characteristic angle defined by the DEF Char.
  • Page 219: Aided Def Setting Guidelines

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes This is represented in the following figure: I2 angle -RCA For a forward direction , -V2 hs to be in the shaded area For a reverse direction, -V2 has to be in the unshaded area V03523 Figure 83: Directional criteria for residual voltage polarization AIDED DEF SETTING GUIDELINES...
  • Page 220: Aided Def Por Scheme

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV Note: The Aided DEF Reverse setting has to be above the maximum steady state residual current imbalance. AIDED DEF POR SCHEME The scheme has the same features and requirements as the corresponding Distance scheme and provides sensitive protection for high resistance earth faults.
  • Page 221: Aided Def Blocking Scheme

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes DEF Forward DEF Forward & & CB Open CB Open & & DEF-Reverse DEF-Reverse LD0V LD0V & & & & DEF-Forward DEF-Forward Trip Trip DEF Inst DEF Inst DEF Bu1 DEF Bu1 DEF Bu2 DEF Bu2 DEF IDMT DEF IDMT...
  • Page 222: Aided Def Logic Diagrams

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV The figures below show the element reaches, and the simplified scheme logic of the Aided Directional Earth Fault (Aided DEF) Blocking scheme. DEF-Forward DEF-Reverse DEF-Forward DEF-Reverse Start Start DEF-Reverse DEF-Reverse Stop Stop & &...
  • Page 223: Aided Def Send Logic

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes 5.7.2 AIDED DEF SEND LOGIC From Aided 1 Distance From Aided 1 Delta Signal Send Aid. 1 DEF Echo Send Enabled & Custom Send Mask & & DEF Fwd. & Aided 1 Send DEF Forward &...
  • Page 224: Aided Def Tripping Logic

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV 5.7.4 AIDED DEF TRIPPING LOGIC Aid 1 DEF Trip Aid1 Inhibit DEF 3 Pole Aid1 Trip Enable 1 And 3 Pole Aid1 Custom Trip & Aid1 DEF Trip 3 Ph & DEF Status Enabled Aid 1 DEF Trip &...
  • Page 225: Por Aided Tripping Logic

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes 5.7.5 POR AIDED TRIPPING LOGIC Aided 1 Receive Aided 1 Receive & & Aid1 Trip Enable Aid1 Trip Enable Aid. 1 Selection Aid. 1 Selection Distance signal send DEF signal send tReversal Guard tReversal Guard Delta signal send Any Zone 4 element...
  • Page 226: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping Logic

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV Figure 90: POR Aided Tripping logic 5.7.6 AIDED SCHEME BLOCKING 1 TRIPPING LOGIC Aided 1 Send Aided 1 Receive Aid1 Trip Enable Aided 1 COS/LGS V03516 Figure 91: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping logic 5.7.7 AIDED SCHEME BLOCKING 2 TRIPPING LOGIC tReversal Guard...
  • Page 227: Aided Delta Scheme Logic

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes AIDED DELTA SCHEME LOGIC If either a Permissive Overreaching scheme or a Blocking schemes is selected, it can be used to implement Directional Comparison(Aided Delta) protection. Caution: Aided Delta should not be used on a communications channel if that channel is being used to implement an Aided Distance Scheme or an Aided DEF scheme.
  • Page 228: Aided Delta Blocking Scheme

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV DIR REV DIR FWD Z (T) Z (T) DIR FWD DIR REV DIR FWD DIR FWD OPEN OPEN Signalling Signalling & & Equipment Equipment & & DIR FWD DIR FWD Trip H Trip G TZ (T) TZ (T) END H...
  • Page 229: Figure 94: Aided Delta Blocking Scheme

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes DIR REV DIR FWD Z (T) Z (T) DIR FWD DIR REV DIR REV DIR REV Signalling Signalling Equipment Equipment & & DIR FWD DIR FWD Trip G Trip H END G TZ (T) TZ (T) END G E03521...
  • Page 230: Aided Delta Logic Diagrams

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV AIDED DELTA LOGIC DIAGRAMS 6.3.1 AIDED DELTA SEND LOGIC Aid. 1 Delta Enabled Custom Send Mask Dir Comp Fwd. From Aided 1 Distance From Aided 1 DEF Delta Dir Fwd AN Signal Send Delta Dir Fwd BN Echo Send 1000...
  • Page 231: Aided Delta Tripping Logic

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes 6.3.3 AIDED DELTA TRIPPING LOGIC Aid1 Inhib Delta Aid. 1 DeltaTrip Aid1 Trip Enable 3 Pole 1 And 3 Pole & Aid1 Delta Tr3Ph Aid1 Custom Trip Aid. 1 Delta Aid 1 Delta Trip Enabled &...
  • Page 232: Por Aided Tripping Logic

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV 6.3.4 POR AIDED TRIPPING LOGIC Aided 1 Receive Aided 1 Receive & & Aid1 Trip Enable Aid1 Trip Enable Aid. 1 Selection Aid. 1 Selection Distance signal send DEF signal send tReversal Guard tReversal Guard Delta signal send Any Zone 4 element...
  • Page 233: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping Logic

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes Figure 98: POR Aided Tripping logic 6.3.5 AIDED SCHEME BLOCKING 1 TRIPPING LOGIC Aided 1 Send Aided 1 Receive Aid1 Trip Enable Aided 1 COS/LGS V03516 Figure 99: Aided Scheme Blocking 1 Tripping logic 6.3.6 AIDED SCHEME BLOCKING 2 TRIPPING LOGIC tReversal Guard...
  • Page 234: Application Notes

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV APPLICATION NOTES AIDED DISTANCE PUR SCHEME This scheme allows an instantaneous Zone 2 trip on receipt of the signal from the underreaching element of the remote end protection. The logic is: ● Send logic: Zone 1 Permissive Trip logic: Zone 2 plus channel received ●...
  • Page 235: Aided Def Por Scheme

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes Current Reversal Guard The recommended settings are as follows: Where Duplex signalling channels are used: Set tReversal Guard to the maximum signalling channel ● operating time + 20ms. Where Simplex signalling channel is used: Set tReversal Guard to the combination of the maximum ●...
  • Page 236: Teed Feeder Applications

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV Current Reversal Guard Current reversals during fault clearances on adjacent parallel lines need to be treated with care.To prevent maloperation, a current reversal guard timer must be set. The recommended setting (tReversal Guard) is the maximum signalling channel reset time + 35 ms. TEED FEEDER APPLICATIONS Distance protection can be applied to protect three terminal lines (teed feeders).
  • Page 237: Por Schemes For Teed Feeders

    P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes Carrier aided schemes can also be used in conjunction with distance elements to protect teed feeders. Although Permissive Overreaching and Permissive Underreaching schemes may be used, they suffer some limitations. Blocking schemes are generally considered to be the most suitable. 7.8.1 POR SCHEMES FOR TEED FEEDERS A Permissive Overreach (POR) scheme requires the use of two signalling channels between each pair of terminals.
  • Page 238: Blocking Schemes For Teed Feeders

    Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV = area where no zone 1 overlap exists (ii) Fault Fault seen by A & B in zone 2 (iii) No infeed Relay at C sees reverse fault until B opens E03525 Figure 102: Problematic Fault Scenarios for PUR Scheme Application to Teed Feeders Scenario (i) shows a short tee connected to one nearby terminal and one distant terminal.
  • Page 239 P446SV Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes reverse fault condition. This results in a blocking signal being sent to the two remote terminals. Although the fault will be cleared, tripping will be prevented until the Zone 2 time delay has expired. P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 240 Chapter 8 - Carrier Aided Schemes P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 241: Chapter 9 Non-Aided Schemes

    CHAPTER 9 NON-AIDED SCHEMES...
  • Page 242 Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 243: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter describes the distance schemes that do not require communication between the ends (Non-Aided Schemes). This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Non-Aided Schemes Basic Schemes Trip On Close Schemes Zone1 Extension Scheme Loss of Load Scheme P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 244: Non-Aided Schemes

    Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes P446SV NON-AIDED SCHEMES This product provides Distance protection. The Distance protection has been designed for use as a standalone non-unit protection, or for use with communications systems to provide unit protection (Carrier Aided schemes). Standalone operation provides basic scheme Distance protection (e.g. instantaneous Zone 1 operation, delayed Zone 2 protection and further delayed Back-up protection, etc.).
  • Page 245: Basic Schemes

    P446SV Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes BASIC SCHEMES Basic Scheme operation is always executed if distance elements are enabled. It is the process by which the measured line impedance is compared against the Distance measuring zone configuration (reach settings and timers).
  • Page 246: Figure 103: Any Distance Start

    Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes P446SV Zone 1 Ground Elements Zone 1 Gnd Stat . Enabled & Zone1 AN Element & Zone1 BN Element Zone1 CN Element & Block Zone 1 Gnd Zone 1 Phase Elements Zone 1 Ph Status Enabled &...
  • Page 247: Basic Scheme Setting

    P446SV Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes tZ1 Gnd. Delay 1691 Any Dist Start Zone 1 Trip Zone 1 Ground Elements Zone 1 Gnd Stat . & Enabled & Zone 1 A Trip Zone1 AN Element & & Zone1 BN Element Zone 1 B Trip Zone1 CN Element &...
  • Page 248: Figure 106: Basic Time Stepped Distance Scheme

    Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes P446SV Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Typical application Relay A Relay B Trip A Trip B Note: All timers can be set instantaneous E02749 Figure 106: Basic time stepped distance scheme P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 249: Trip On Close Schemes

    P446SV Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes TRIP ON CLOSE SCHEMES Logic is provided for situations where special tripping may be necessary following closure of the associated circuit breaker. Two cases of Trip on Close (TOC) logic are catered for: Switch on to Fault (SOTF). ●...
  • Page 250: Switch On To Fault (Sotf)

    Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes P446SV Fast OV PHA & IA < Start 20 ms Fast OV PHB & CNV ACTIVE IB < Start Fast OV PHC & IC< Start TOR Tripping Current No Volts & CNV ACTIVE TOR Trip CNV TOR Active SOTF Tripping Current No Volts...
  • Page 251: Sotf Tripping

    P446SV Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes When busbar voltage transformers are used, the Pole Dead’ signal is not produced. Connect circuit breaker auxiliary contacts for correct operation. This is not necessary if the SOTF is activated by an external pulse. SOTF Delay: The time chosen should be longer than the slowest delayed-auto-reclose dead time, but ●...
  • Page 252: Trip On Reclose Mode

    Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes P446SV While the Trip on Reclose Mode is active, the protection trips instantaneously for pick up of any selected Distance zone. You select the zone with the TOR Tripping setting. For example, Zone 2 could operate without waiting for the usual time delay if a fault is in Zone 2 on CB closure.
  • Page 253: Zone1 Extension Scheme

    P446SV Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes ZONE1 EXTENSION SCHEME Auto-reclosure is widely used on radial overhead line circuits to re-establish supply following a transient fault. A Zone 1 extension scheme may be applied to a radial overhead feeder to provide high speed protection for transient faults along the whole of the protected line.
  • Page 254: Loss Of Load Scheme

    Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes P446SV LOSS OF LOAD SCHEME The Loss of Load Scheme provides fast unit protection performance for most fault types occurring on a double- end fed line or feeder, but it does not need communications. It is used on circuits that are designed for three-pole tripping, and provides protection for faults involving one or two phases.
  • Page 255: Figure 116: Loss Of Load Logic

    P446SV Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes Note: Assertion of the Any Trip DDB signal or the Inhibit LOL DDB signal will prevent LOL tripping. The detailed Loss of Load logic diagram is shown below: LOL Scheme Enabled En. On Ch1 Fail &...
  • Page 256 Chapter 9 - Non-Aided Schemes P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 257: Chapter 10 Power Swing Functions

    CHAPTER 10 POWER SWING FUNCTIONS...
  • Page 258 Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 259: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter describes special blocking and protection functions, which use Power swing Analysis. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Introduction to Power Swing Blocking Power Swing Blocking Out of Step Protection P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 260: Introduction To Power Swing Blocking

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV INTRODUCTION TO POWER SWING BLOCKING Power swings are variations in power flow that occur when the voltage phase angles at different points of generation shift relative to each other. They can be caused by events such as fault occurrences and subsequent clearance.
  • Page 261 P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions At fault inception, the operating point A moves to B, which is a reduced power transfer level. There is, therefore, a surplus of power (A to B) at that sending end and a corresponding deficit of power at the receiving end. The sending end generators start to speed up, and the receiving end generators start to slow down, so the phase angle θ...
  • Page 262: Power Swing Blocking

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV POWER SWING BLOCKING A power swing may cause the impedance presented to the distance function to move away from the normal load area and into one or more of its tripping zones. Stable power swings should not cause the distance protection to trip.
  • Page 263: Figure 118: Phase Selector Timing For Power Swing Condition

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions 3.1.1.1 TIMING OF THE PHASE SELECTOR SIGNALS Start of End of power swing power swing i (t) 3 cycles : D i exceeds threshold 1 (5%In), so PH1 and PH2 go high : Threshold 2 invoked. PH2 goes low on account of threshold being increased . PH1 remains high, because there continues to be a D i : PH1 goes low as power swing has diminished and D i goes below threshold 1 V02769...
  • Page 264: Slow Power Swing Detection

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV Start of power swing i (t) 3 cycles : D i exceeds threshold 1 (5%In), so PH1 and PH2 go high : Threshold 2 invoked (10%In). PH2 goes low on account of threshold being increased (from 5%IN to 10%In). PH1 remains high, because there continues to be a D i : Fault inception.
  • Page 265: Figure 121: Slow Power Swing Detection Characteristic

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions PSB Z8 Zone 8 PSB Z7 Zone 7 Z1 = V1/I1 PSB R8' PSB R7' PSB R7 α Resistive reverse (R’) PSB R8 Resistive forward (+R) PSB Z7' PSB Z8' V02744 Figure 121: Slow Power Swing detection characteristic The elapsed time defines the rate of change of impedance.
  • Page 266: Detection Of A Fault During A Power Swing

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV The PSB timer setting defines the minimum time that the impedance trajectory must take to cross through zone 8 into zone 7 (Dt) before a power swing is deemed to have taken place. A power swing is indicated if Dt > PSB Timer. DETECTION OF A FAULT DURING A POWER SWING Faults are characterised by step changes in superimposed current (ΔI) rather than more gradual transitions symptomatic of a power swing.
  • Page 267: Power Swing Load Blinding Boundary

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions Note: The PSB Unblock dly timer is common to all elements. The PSB Unblock dly is used to time the duration for which the swing is present. The intention is to allow the distinction between a stable and an unstable swing.
  • Page 268: Power Swing Blocking Logic

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV Zone x Power Swing region (shaded area) Operate Region -10° Blind Region Blind Region Load blinder boundary V02775 Figure 122: Load Blinder Boundary Conditions The area is defined by lines created with angles fixed at 10° closer to the resistive axis than those created by the load blinder angle setting (Load/B Angle - 10°) and a circular arc with a radius concentric with, and equivalent to 20% greater than, the load blinder impedance setting (Z<...
  • Page 269: Power Swing Blocking Setting Guidelines

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions Power Swing Blocking PSB Reset Delay 1691 Any Dist Start 3 cycles & 1014 P Swing Detector & Block selected element & Fault detection 1015 PSB Fault during power swing Power Swing PSB Unblock Dly PSB Unblocking Enabled Slow Swing...
  • Page 270: Setting The Resistive Limits

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV Whichever power swing detector is responsible for applying PSB, the removal of PSB is defined by two settings – the PSB Reset Delay and (if an unblocking philosophy is employed) the PSB Unblock dly. 3.6.1 SETTING THE RESISTIVE LIMITS The Zone 7 quadrilateral should encompass all distance elements to be blocked during a power swing condition.
  • Page 271: Psb Timer Setting Guidelines

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions Zone 8 Zone 7 α = ÐZ Resistive reverse (R’) Resistive forward (+R) V02751 Figure 125: Reactive reach settings 3.6.3 PSB TIMER SETTING GUIDELINES The Setting PSB Time setting can be calculated as follows: θ...
  • Page 272: Figure 126: Psb Timer Setting Guidelines

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV Zone 7 Zone 8 V02752 Figure 126: PSB timer setting guidelines P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 273: Out Of Step Protection

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions OUT OF STEP PROTECTION Out-of-Step detection is based on the speed and trajectory of measured positive sequence impedance passing through a particular characteristic. During power system disturbances such as faults and power swings, measured impedance moves away from normal load values.
  • Page 274: Out Of Step Protection Operataing Principle

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV The OST principle uses positive sequence impedances. The positive sequence impedance is calculated as Z , where V and I are the positive sequence voltage and current quantities derived from the measured phase quantities.
  • Page 275: Out Of Step Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions The Out-of-Step tripping time delay (Tost), delays the OST tripping command until the angle between internal voltages between the two ends are at 240 degrees closing towards 360 degrees. This limits the voltage stress across the circuit breaker.
  • Page 276: Figure 129: Ost Setting Determination For The Positive Sequence Resistive Component Ost R5

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV to split the system will always be valid even if the accurate system data and setting parameters cannot be obtained. The predictive setting options Pred. OST Trip and Pred. & OST Trip are recommended for systems where Out-of-Step conditions could possibly occur, and where an early system split should minimise the phase shift between generation sources.
  • Page 277: Figure 130: Ost R6Max Determination

    P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions is the total system positive sequence impedance equal to Z , where Z and Z are the equivalent positive sequence impedances at the sending and receiving ends and Z is the positive sequence line impedance. θ...
  • Page 278 Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV Note: The R6max reach must be greater than the maximum resistive reach of any distance zone to ensure correct initiation of the 25 ms and Delta T timers. However, the R5min reach could be set below the distance maximum resistive reach (inside the distance characteristic) if an extensive resistive coverage is required, meaning that Out-of-Step protection does not pose a restriction to the quadrilateral applications.
  • Page 279 P446SV Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions Therefore, for the OST Trip setting, assume that θ = 120° and set: OST R5 = OST R5’ = R5min = Z /3.46 ● ● OST R6 = OST R6’ = R6max Delta T = 30 ms ●...
  • Page 280: Figure 131: Example Of Timer Reset Due To Movs Operation

    Chapter 10 - Power Swing Functions P446SV OST Z6 Zone 6 OST Z5 Zone 5 OST trip MOVs operation OST R6' OST R5' Resistive reverse (R’) OST R5 OST R6 Resistive forward (+R) OST Z5' OST Z6' V02765 Figure 131: Example of timer reset due to MOVs operation Note: If the OST Trip setting is chosen, the timer when triggered, will eventually expire as the power oscillations progress, therefore the MOV operation will not have any impact on Out-of-Step operation.
  • Page 281: Chapter 11 Autoreclose

    CHAPTER 11 AUTORECLOSE...
  • Page 282 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 283: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose CHAPTER OVERVIEW Selected models of this product provide sophisticated Autoreclose (AR) functionality. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the operation of this functionality including the principles, logic diagrams and applications. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Introduction to Autoreclose Autoreclose Implementation...
  • Page 284: Introduction To Autoreclose

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV INTRODUCTION TO AUTORECLOSE Approximately 80 - 90% of faults on transmission lines and distribution feeders are transient in nature. This means that most faults do not last long, and are self-clearing if isolated. A common example of a transient fault is an insulator flashover, which may be caused, for example, by lightning, clashing conductors, or wind-blown debris.
  • Page 285: Autoreclose Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose AUTORECLOSE IMPLEMENTATION Before describing this function it is first necessary to understand the following terminology: A Shot is an attempt to close a circuit breaker using the Autoreclose function. ● Multi-shot is where more than one Shot is attempted. ●...
  • Page 286: Autoreclose Logic Inputs From External Sources

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV The Autoreclose function is a logic controller implemented in software. It takes inputs and processes them according to defined logic to generates appropriate outputs. The logic is controlled by user prescribed settings and commands. The controlling logic is complex and so, in order to facilitate its design and understanding, it is decomposed into smaller logic functions which, when combined together implement the complete scheme.
  • Page 287: Reset Lockout Input

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose It can also be used if an Autoreclose cycle is likely to fail for conditions associated with the protected circuit, such as during the Dead Time, if a circuit breaker indicates that it is not healthy to switch. 3.1.4 RESET LOCKOUT INPUT If a condition that forced a lockout has been removed, the lockout can be reset by energising a logic input...
  • Page 288: Autoreclose Operating Sequence

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV AUTORECLOSE OPERATING SEQUENCE The Autoreclose sequence is controlled by so-called Dead Timers. Dead Time Control settings are used to select the conditions that initiate Dead Timers in the Autoreclose sequence (for example protection operate, protection reset, CB open, etc.).
  • Page 289: Ar Timing Sequence - Evolving/Permanent Fault Single-Phase

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose Protection Trip AR in Progress CB Open Dead Time Auto-close Reclaim Time Successful Autoreclose Autoreclose Lockout V03396 Figure 133: Autoreclose sequence for an evolving or permanent fault 3.4.3 AR TIMING SEQUENCE - EVOLVING/PERMANENT FAULT SINGLE-PHASE If the Autorecloser is set for single-phase operation, then single phase operation is only allowed on the first shot.
  • Page 290: Ar Timing Sequence - Evolving/Permanent Fault Dual Cb

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV Protection Trip CB1 AR in Progress CB2 AR in Progress CB1 Open CB2 Open Dead Time Auto -close CB1 Follower Time Auto -close CB2 Reclaim Time CB1 Successful close CB2 Successful close V03398 Figure 135: Dual CB Autoreclose Sequence for a Transient Fault Following fault inception, the protection operates and issues a trip signal.
  • Page 291: Ar Timing Sequence - Persistent Fault

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose Protection Trip CB1/CB2 AR in Progress CB1 Open CB2 Open Dead Time Shot 1 Auto -close CB1 Follower Time Auto -close CB2 Reclaim Time Lockout V03399 Figure 136: Autoreclose Sequence for an evolving/permanent fault on a dual CB application 3.4.6 AR TIMING SEQUENCE - PERSISTENT FAULT The figure below shows the start of a multi-shot AR operating sequence where a single-phase fault is not cleared...
  • Page 292 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV Note: For three-phase Autoreclosing, for the first shot only, Autoreclose can be performed without checking that the voltages are in synchronism using a setting. This setting, CB1L SC Shot 1 or CB2L SC Shot 1, can be enabled to perform synch-checks on shot 1 for CB1 or CB2, or disabled to not perform the checks.
  • Page 293: Autoreclose System Map

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose AUTORECLOSE SYSTEM MAP The Autoreclose System Map describes the System Design of the Autoreclose Logic implemented in this product. The Autoreclose is implemented in logical software modules. The logical software modules interact by exchanging signals between themselves, and with other software processes in the product. Interchange between modules is limited to digital signals which are realised as either DDB signals or so called “internal signals”...
  • Page 294: Figure 138: Key To Logic Diagrams

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV Key: Energising Quantity AND gate & Internal Signal OR gate DDB Signal XOR gate Internal function NOT gate Setting cell Logic 0 Setting value Timer Hardcoded setting Pulse / Latch Measurement Cell SR Latch Internal Calculation SR Latch Reset Dominant Derived setting...
  • Page 295: Autoreclose System Map Diagrams

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose AUTORECLOSE SYSTEM MAP DIAGRAMS CB Status Time CB1 Closed 3 ph AR In Service CB1 NoAR CB1 Status Input CB1 Open 3 ph ARIP CB2 NoAR CB1 Closed A ph Leader CB 1 Leader CB 1 CB1Aux 3ph(52-A) Follower CB1 CB1 Open A ph...
  • Page 296 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV NUM CBs AR Force CB1 3P NUM CBs CB1 Trip AR MemA CB1Tripping Mode AR Force CB2 3P CB1 Trip AR MemB CB1 Trip OutputA CB2Tripping Mode CB1 Trip AR MemC CB1 Ext Trip A TAR2/3PH CB1 ARIP CB1 Trip OutputB...
  • Page 297: Figure 140: Autoreclose System Map - Part

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose CB2 Ext Trip A AR Start Single Pole Shot Seq Counter = 0 CB2 Ext Trip B CB1 AR Init Three Pole Shot Seq Counter = 1 CB2 Ext Trip C CB1 ARIP Seq Counter = 2 CB1 AR Init CB2 Ext Trip 3ph ARIP...
  • Page 298 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV Evolve 3Ph CB1 AR 3p InProg 3P AR DT Shot 1 OK Time 3P CB2 AR 3p InProg 3P AR DT Shot 2 3P DTime1 CB1LARIP 3P AR DT Shot 3 3P DTime2 CB1 L3PAROK CB1L3 PAR 3P AR DT Shot 4 3P DTime3...
  • Page 299 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose SetCB1SPCl Dynamic F /L 3PF TComp Set CB1 Close SetCB13 PCl Follower Time 3P Follower Time Set CB2 Close SetCB2SPCl CB1L SCOK CB13PFTComp CB1 open 3 ph SetCB23 PCl CB2L SCOK CB23PFTComp CB2 open 3 ph CB1 Fast SCOK En CB1 Follower CB2 Fast SCOK...
  • Page 300: Figure 144: Autoreclose System Map - Part 6

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 1P Reclaim TComp CB1 Succ 1P AR CB Healthy Time AR CB1 Unhealthy 3P Reclaim TComp CB1 Succ 3P AR Check Sync Time AR CB1 No C/S CB1 Closed 3 ph CB2 Succ 1P AR AR CB2 Unhealthy OK Time 3P CB2 Closed 3 ph...
  • Page 301: Figure 141: Autoreclose System Map - Part

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose CB Control by Control TripCB2 CB2L SC ClsNoDly CB2 Fast SCOK Trip Pulse Time CB2 Trip Fail CB2L SC CS1 CB2L SCOK Man Close Delay CB2 Close inProg CB2L SC CS2 Close Pulse Time Control CloseCB 2 CB2L SC DLLB CB Healthy Time CB2 Close Fail...
  • Page 302: Figure 142: Autoreclose System Map - Part

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV CB1M SC CS1 CB1 Man SCOK Multi Phase AR CB1 AR Lockout CB1M SC CS2 CB2 Man SCOK BF if LFail Cls BARCB1 CB1M SC DLLB Num CBs CB1M SC LLDB Trip Pulse Time CB1M SC DLDB CB1 Close Fail CB1M SC required CB2 AR Lockout...
  • Page 303: Figure 143: Autoreclose System Map - Part

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose ResCB1Lo Multi Phase AR CB2 AR Lockout Res LO by CB IS ResCB2Lo BF if LFail Cls Res LO by UI BARCB2 Num CBs Reset CB1 LO Trip Pulse Time Reset CB2 LO Res LO by NoAR CB2 Close Fail Res LO by ExtDDB CB1 AR Lockout...
  • Page 304: Autoreclose Internal Signals

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV Sys checks CB1 SChksInactiveCB1 CB1 AR Lockout Pole Discrep CB1 CB1 CS1 Status CB1 CS1 SlipF > CB2 AR Lockout Pole Discrep CB2 CB1 CS2 Status CB1 CS1 SlipF < CB1 LO Alarm CB1 CS2 SlipF > CB2 LO Alarm CB1 CS2 SlipF <...
  • Page 305 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose Signal Name Source Destination Description BARCB2 Autoreclose Lockout (55) Leader/Follower (7) Block Autoreclose for CB2 CB Autoclose (32) Three-pole Autoreclose dead time is CB13PDTComp 3-phase AR Dead Time (25) Prepare Reclaim Initiation (34) complete for CB1 CB Healthy and System Check Timers (39) CB Autoclose (32) Follower 3-phase CB AR...
  • Page 306 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV Signal Name Source Destination Description 1-phase AR Cycle Selection (19) 1-phase AR Cycle Selection Single-phase Autoreclose is in progress for CB1LSPAR (19) CB1 (as leader) 1-phase AR Dead Time (24) AR Modes Enable (9), Force 3-phase Trip (10) CB1 is OK to perform single-phase 1-phase AR Cycle Selection (19)
  • Page 307 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose Signal Name Source Destination Description CB2CRLo CB In Service (4) Reset lockout for CB2 1-phase AR Cycle Selection (19) Three-phase Autoreclose is in progress for CB2F3PAR Follower CB AR Enable (27) CB2 as a follower Follower 3-phase CB AR Time (29) CB2 AR In Progress (17) CB2 is OK to perform three-phase...
  • Page 308 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV Signal Name Source Destination Description The follower circuit breaker is Ok for single- FollSPAROK AR Modes Enable (9) Leader/Follower (7) phase Autoreclose AR Initiation (11) CB1-pole / 3-pole trip (13) Internally derived signal to initiate InitAR AR Initiation (11) CB2 1-pole / 3-pole trip (14)
  • Page 309: Autoreclose Ddb Signals

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose Signal Name Source Destination Description TARA CB1-pole / 3-pole trip (13) CB Trip Time Monitor (53) An A-phase trip has initiated Autoreclose Force 3-phase Trip (10) TARAny CB1-pole / 3-pole trip (13) CB1-pole / 3-pole trip (13) Any trip has initiated Autoreclose Evolving Fault (20) TARB...
  • Page 310 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) AR CB2 No C/S CB2 Healthy and System Check Timers (40) CB2 Autoreclose Lockout (56) Force 3-phase Trip (10) AR CB2 Unhealthy CB2 Healthy and System Check Timers (40) CB2 Autoreclose Lockout (56) Leader Follower Logic (7)
  • Page 311 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) Reclaim Time (35) Auto Close CB2 1448 CB2 Autoclose (33) CB2 Control (44) Block CB1 AR Autoreclose Lockout (55) Block CB2 AR 1421 CB2 Autoreclose Lockout (56) CB1 3P Dtime...
  • Page 312 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) CB In Service (4) CB1 Autoclose (32) CB1 AR In Progress (16) Evolving Fault (20) Follower CB AR Enable (27) CB1 Closed 3 ph CB State Monitor (1) Reclaim Time (35) Successful AR Signals (36)
  • Page 313 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) CB1 1-pole / 3-pole trip (13), CB1 Ext Trip C CB1 AR In Progress (16), CB Control (43) CB1 1-pole / 3-pole trip (13), CB1 Ext Trip3ph CB1 AR In Progress (16), CB Control (43)
  • Page 314 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) CB1 Trip Output B CB Trip Conversion (63) CB1 1-pole / 3-pole trip (13) CB1 Trip Output C CB Trip Conversion (63) CB1 1-pole / 3-pole trip (13) CB1 Autoclose (32) CB1F SCOK...
  • Page 315 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) CB In Service (4) CB2 Autoclose (33) CB2 AR In Progress (17) Evolving Fault (20) Follower CB AR Enable (27) CB2 Closed 3 ph CB2 State Monitor (1) Reclaim Time (35) Successful AR Signals (36)
  • Page 316 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) CB2 1-pole / 3-pole trip (14) CB1 AR In Progress (16) CB2 Ext Trip B CB2 AR In Progress (17) CB Control (44) CB2 1-pole / 3-pole trip (14) CB1 AR In Progress (16) CB2 Ext Trip C...
  • Page 317 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) CB2 Trip AR MemB 1500 CB2 1-pole / 3-pole Trip (13) CB2 1-pole / 3-pole Trip (13) CB2 Trip AR MemC 1501 CB2 1-pole / 3-pole Trip (13) CB2 1-pole / 3-pole Trip (13)
  • Page 318 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) Ext Fault Aph 1508 Fault Memory (15) Ext Fault BPh 1509 Fault Memory (15) Ext Fault CPh 1510 Fault Memory (15) Ext Rst CB1 AROK 1517 AR Reset Successful (37)
  • Page 319 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) 3 Phase AR System Check CB2 (46) Live Bus 2 1461 System Checks Voltage Monitor (59) 3 Phase AR System Check CB2 (48) CB2 Manual Close System Check (52) 3 Phase AR System Check (45) 3 Phase AR System Check (46)
  • Page 320 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV DDB Signal Name DDB Signal Number Source Module (Module Number) Destination Module (Module Number.) AR Modes Enable (9) Force 3-phase Trip (10) Sequence Counter (18) Evolving Fault (20) 1-phase AR Dead Time (24) 3-phase AR Dead Time (25) Seq Counter = 1 Sequence Counter (18) Follower 1-phase CB AR Time (28)
  • Page 321: Logic Modules

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose LOGIC MODULES This section contains a complete set of logic diagrams, which will help to explain the Autoreclose function. Most of the logic diagrams shown are logic modules that comprise the overall Autoreclose system. Some of the diagrams shown are not directly related to Autoreclose functionality, however, they may use some inputs are produce outputs that are used by the Autoreclose system.
  • Page 322: Cb State Monitor

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.1.1 CB STATE MONITOR CB1 Aux 3ph(52-A) & CB1 Aux 3ph(52-B) & CB1 Closed 3 ph & CB1 Status Input & 52A 3 pole 52B 3 pole & 52A & 52B 3 pole CB1 Open 3 ph &...
  • Page 323: Circuit Breaker Open Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.2.1 CIRCUIT BREAKER OPEN LOGIC DIAGRAM CB1 Open A ph CB1 Open B ph CB1Op1P CB1 Open C ph CB1OpAny CB1 Open 3 ph CB1 Op2/3P ³2 CB2 Open A ph CB2 Open B ph CB2Op1P CB2 Open C ph CB2OpAny...
  • Page 324: Circuit Breaker In Service Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.3.1 CIRCUIT BREAKER IN SERVICE LOGIC DIAGRAM CBIST CB1 AR Lockout & CB1 CRLO Num CBs CB1 Only CBIST & Both CB 1&CB2 CBISMT & CB1 In Service CB1 Closed 3 ph Logic 1 CB1 ARIP CBIST CB2 AR Lockout &...
  • Page 325: Leader/Follower Cb Selection Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.5.1 LEADER/FOLLOWER CB SELECTION LOGIC DIAGRAM Leader Select By Menu & Select Leader Pref LCB1 & Leader Select By Opto & Pref LCB2 1408 CB2 Lead & Leader Select By Control & CB2 Lead & Num CBs Both CB 1&CB2 CB1 Only...
  • Page 326: Leader Follower Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.5.2 LEADER FOLLOWER LOGIC DIAGRAM 1530 Leader CB1 & CB1 LFRC CB1 Close Fail & AR CB1 Unhealthy 1542 ARIP 1431 Leader CB2 & CB2 LFRC CB2 Close Fail & AR CB2 Unhealthy ARIP 1542 Reset L -F &...
  • Page 327: Autoreclose Modes

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose AUTORECLOSE MODES The device can provide Single-phase and/or Three-phase Autoreclose. The Autoreclose mode is configured by the AR Mode setting in the AUTORECLOSE column. You can choose from: Single-phase (AR 1P) ● Three-phase (AR 3P) ●...
  • Page 328: Autoreclose Modes Enable Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.6.2 AUTORECLOSE MODES ENABLE LOGIC DIAGRAM 1385 AR in Service * If not mapped in PSL, AR Enable & & CB1 and AR Enable CB 2 default to Num CBs high CB1 only & CB2 only &...
  • Page 329: Ar Force Three-Phase Trip Logic

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose AR FORCE THREE-PHASE TRIP LOGIC Following single-phase tripping, while the Autoreclose cycle is in progress, and upon resetting of the protection elements, tripping switches to three-phase. Any protection operations that occur for subsequent faults while the Autoreclose cycle remains in progress will be tripped three-phase.
  • Page 330: Autoreclose Initiation Logic

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV AUTORECLOSE INITIATION LOGIC Autoreclose initiation starts Autoreclose for a circuit breaker only if Autoreclose is enabled for the circuit breaker, and the circuit breaker is in service. When an Autoreclose cycle is started, Autoreclose in progress (ARIP) is indicated.
  • Page 331: Autoreclose Initiation Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.8.1 AUTORECLOSE INITIATION LOGIC DIAGRAM Protection function 1 Trip Block AR Initiate AR Prot AR Block Protection function n Trip Block AR Initiate AR INIT AR & IA< Start IB< Start IC< Start AR Trip Test A &...
  • Page 332: External Trip Logic Diagram For Cb1

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.8.3 EXTERNAL TRIP LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR CB1 CB2 TARA CB2 TARB CB2 TARC Num CBs ≥ CB1 only TAR2/ 3PH CB2 only Both CB1 &CB2 TARANY Init AR & CB1 Trip OutputA TARA CB1 Ext Trip A 1535 CB1 Trip AR MemA Init AR...
  • Page 333: External Trip Logic Diagram For Cb2

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.8.4 EXTERNAL TRIP LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR CB2 Num CBs ≥ CB1 only CB2 TAR2/3PH CB2 only Both CB1&CB2 Init AR & CB2 Trip OutputA CB2 TARA CB2 Ext Trip A CB2 Trip AR MemA Init AR &...
  • Page 334: Protection Reoperation And Evolving Fault Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.8.5 PROTECTION REOPERATION AND EVOLVING FAULT LOGIC DIAGRAM TMEMANY & 0.02 & Prot ReOp TARANY & & RESETL-F Discrim Time & 1554 1P DTime & Evolve Lock Prot ReOp Seq Counter = 1 & Evolve 3Ph &...
  • Page 335: Autoreclose In Progress Logic Diagram For Cb1

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.9.1 AUTORECLOSE IN PROGRESS LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR CB1 CB2 Ext Trip A AR Start CB2 Ext Trip B CB2 Ext Trip C CB2 Ext Trip3ph Init AR CB1 Ext Trip A CB1 Ext Trip B CB1 Ext Trip C CB1 Ext Trip3 ph TMEM2 /3Ph...
  • Page 336: Autoreclose In Progress Logic Diagram For Cb2

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.9.2 AUTORECLOSE IN PROGRESS LOGIC DIAGRAM FOR CB2 Init AR CB2 Ext Trip A CB2 Ext Trip B CB2 Ext Trip C CB2 Ext Trip 3ph CB2 TMEM2/3 Ph & CB2 TMEM1Ph & CB2 AR Init &...
  • Page 337: Autoreclose Sequence Counter Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.10.1 AUTORECLOSE SEQUENCE COUNTER LOGIC DIAGRAM CB1 AR Init & CB2 AR Init & ARIP AR Start & 1P Dtime & Seq Counter = 1 Seq Counter = 0 Seq Counter = 1 Increment on rising edge Reset on falling edge Seq Counter = 2 Single Pole Shot...
  • Page 338: Single Phase Autoreclose Cycle Selection Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.11.1 SINGLE PHASE AUTORECLOSE CYCLE SELECTION LOGIC DIAGRAM ARIP LeaderSPAR CB1 L 3 PAR CB2 L 3 PAR RESETL-F CB1 L ARIP & CB1 L SPAR CB1 L SPAROK TMEM1PH CB1 L 3 PAR CB2 L ARIP &...
  • Page 339: 3-Phase Autoreclose Cycle Selection

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.11.2 3-PHASE AUTORECLOSE CYCLE SELECTION CB1L ARIP & CB1L3PAR CB1 L3 PAROK Evolve 3Ph TMEM3P CB1 OP2 /3P TMEM ANY & CB1 L SPAROK CB1 AR 3p InProg CB2L ARIP & CB2L 3PAR CB2L 3PAROK CB2 TMEM 3 P CB2 OP 2 /3P CB2 AR 3p InProg...
  • Page 340: Dead Time Start Enable Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV If DT Start by Prot is disabled, the circuit breaker must be open for the dead time to start. For three-phase tripping applications, there is an option to check that the line is dead (3PDTStart WhenLD) before starting the dead time. To check that the line is dead, set 3PDTStart WhenLD to enabled.
  • Page 341: Single-Phase Leader Dead Time Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.12.2 SINGLE-PHASE LEADER DEAD TIME LOGIC DIAGRAM CB1LSPAR & DTOK CB1L 1P & CB2LSPAR & OKTimeSP & DTOK CB2L 1P Seq Counter = 1 DTOK All AR Start DT Start by Prot & Protection Reset CB1LSPAR CB2LSPAR CB1OP2/ 3P...
  • Page 342: 3-Phase Leader Dead Time Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.12.3 3-PHASE LEADER DEAD TIME LOGIC DIAGRAM CB1L3PAR & DTOK CB1L 3P CB2L 3PAR & DTOK CB2L 3P & DTOK All & OK Time 3P 3PDTCOMP DT Start by Prot & Protection Reset AR Start CB1L 3PAR CB2L 3PAR Logic 1...
  • Page 343: Follower Enable Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.12.4 FOLLOWER ENABLE LOGIC DIAGRAM Control CloseCB 1 & CB2 F SPAR & En CB 2 Follower CB2F 3PAR CB2 Closed 3 ph CB2 Close Fail AR Start BF if LFail Cls Disabled & CB1 AR Lockout CB1 Closed 3 ph Logic 1 &...
  • Page 344: Single-Phase Follower Timing Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.12.5 SINGLE-PHASE FOLLOWER TIMING LOGIC DIAGRAM Dynamic F/L Enabled & CB1 LFRC CB2 LFRC CB1OP1 P & CB1FSPAR En CB 1 Follower & 1PF TComp 1PF TComp & CB2OP1P CB2FSPAR En CB 2 Follower Seq Counter = 1 AR Start CB1FSPAR CB2FSPAR...
  • Page 345: Three-Phase Follower Timing Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.12.6 THREE-PHASE FOLLOWER TIMING LOGIC DIAGRAM Dynamic F/L Enabled & CB1 LFRC CB2 LFRC CB1 open 3 ph & CB1F3PAR En CB 1 Follower & 3PF TComp 3PF TComp & CB2 open 3 ph CB2F3PAR En CB 2 Follower AR Start CB1FSPAR...
  • Page 346: Circuit Breaker Autoclose Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.13.1 CIRCUIT BREAKER AUTOCLOSE LOGIC DIAGRAM Any Trip & CB1 AR Lockout & CB1 Healthy If the DDB signal CB1 Healthy is not mapped in PSL , it defaults to High. CB1SPDTComp CB1OP1P & CB1L3PAR CB1 Open 3 ph CB13PDTComp &...
  • Page 347: Prepare Reclaim Initiation Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose for the next dead time to start when conditions are suitable. The operation also resets the signal that would set the circuit breaker to close, and stops and resets the reclaim timer. The reclaim time starts again if the signal to set a circuit breaker to close goes high following completion of a dead time in a subsequent Autoreclose cycle.
  • Page 348: Reclaim Time Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.14.2 RECLAIM TIME LOGIC DIAGRAM SETCB1SPCL CB2FARIP SETCB2SPCL TpsRécup RéencSP SETCB23 PCL Logique 1 CB1 LARIP Réenc. DJ1 1568 & & T récup 1P term 1448 Réenc. DJ2 CB1FARIP SETCB1SPCL 1567 & Tempo récup . 1P SETCB13 PCL SETCB2SPCL &...
  • Page 349: Succesful Autoreclose Signals Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.14.3 SUCCESFUL AUTORECLOSE SIGNALS LOGIC DIAGRAM 1570 3P Reclaim TComp 1568 & 1P Reclaim TComp 1571 CB1 Succ 1P AR SetCB1SPCl & CB1OP1P 0.02S & CB1 Closed 3 ph CB1ARSucc ResCB1ARSucc 1570 3P Reclaim TComp 1568 &...
  • Page 350: Autoreclose Reset Successful Indication Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.14.4 AUTORECLOSE RESET SUCCESSFUL INDICATION LOGIC DIAGRAM CB1OPAny 1541 AR Start ResCB1 ARSucc Res AROK by UI Enabled & Reset AROK Ind Res AROK by NoAR Enabled & ARDisabled Num CBs CB1 Only 1517 Ext Rst CB1 AROK &...
  • Page 351: Cb Healthy And System Check Timers Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose Autoclose signal. If the circuit breaker synchronism-check OK signal stays low, then when the Autoreclose check synchronism timer expires, an alarm is set to inform that the check synchronism is not satisfied and cancels the Autoreclose cycle.
  • Page 352 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV The counter values are accessible through the CB CONTROL column. The counters can be reset manually, or by activation of an input appropriately mapped in the PSL. The logic provides the following summary information for each circuit breaker Overall total number of shots (Number of Autoreclose attempts) ●...
  • Page 353: Autoreclose Shot Counters Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.16.1 AUTORECLOSE SHOT COUNTERS LOGIC DIAGRAM 1565 Set CB1 Close Increment CB1 Total Shots Counter Reset 1571 CB1 Succ 1P AR Increment CB1 Successful SPAR Shot 1 Counter Reset CB1 Succ 3P AR & Increment Seq Counter = 1 CB1 Successful 3PAR Shot 1 Counter Reset...
  • Page 354: Circuit Breaker Control

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.17 CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL 5.17.1 CB CONTROL LOGIC DIAGRAM CB Control by Opto Note : If the DDB signal CB1 Healthy or CB2 Healthy is not mapped in PSL , it Opto+Local defaults to High . Opto+Remote Opto+Rem+Local Trip Pulse Time...
  • Page 355: Circuit Breaker Trip Time Monitoring

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose CB Control by Opto Note: If the DDB signal CB 1 Healthy, or CB2 healthy is not mapped in PSL , it defaults to Opto+Local High. Opto+Remote Opto+Rem+Local Trip Pulse Time HMI Trip Control TripCB2 &...
  • Page 356: Cb Trip Time Monitoring Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.18.1 CB TRIP TIME MONITORING LOGIC DIAGRAM Trip Pulse Time TAR2/3Ph 1575 CB1 Fail Pr Trip & CB1 Open 3 Ph CB1 Closed 3 Ph Trip Pulse Time TARA & TMEM2 /3Ph & CB1 Open 3 Ph CB1 Closed 3 Ph TARB &...
  • Page 357: Autoreclose Lockout

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.19 AUTORECLOSE LOCKOUT A number of events will cause Autoreclose lockout. If this happens an Autoreclose lockout alarm is raised. In this condition, Autoreclose cannot be initiated until the corresponding lockout has been reset. The following events force Autoreclose lockout: Protection operation during reclaim time.
  • Page 358: Cb Lockout Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.19.1 CB LOCKOUT LOGIC DIAGRAM FLTMEM3P & Multi Phase AR BAR 3 Phase BAR 2 and 3 ph & FLTMEM2P CB1 Close Fail BF if LFail Cls & CB1 AR Lockout Enabled CB2 LFRC & 1385 CB1 FARIP AR In Service...
  • Page 359: Reset Circuit Breaker Lockout

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose FltMem3P & Multi Phase AR BAR 3 Phase BAR 2 and 3 ph & FltMem2P CB2 Close Fail BF if LFail Cls & CB2 AR Lockout Enabled CB1 LFRC & 1385 CB2FARIP AR In Service &...
  • Page 360 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV If set to CB Close, a timer setting, CB mon LO RstDly, becomes visible. When the circuit breaker closes, the CB mon LO RstDly time starts. The lockout is reset when the timer expires. If set to User Interface then a command, CB mon LO reset, becomes visible. This command can be used to reset the lockout from a user interface.
  • Page 361: Reset Cb Lockout Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.20.1 RESET CB LOCKOUT LOGIC DIAGRAM Res LO by CB IS Enabled & CB1CRLo Res LO by UI Enabled & Reset CB1 LO Res LO by NoAR Enabled & ResCB1Lo ARDisabled Num CBs CB2 Only Res LO by ExtDDB Enabled &...
  • Page 362: Pole Discrepancy Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.21.1 POLE DISCREPANCY LOGIC DIAGRAM CB1 AR Lockout 0.04 & Pole Discrep CB1 CB1 LO Alarm Pol Disc CB1 Ext & CB1 AR 1p InProg CB1 Open A ph CB1 Open B ph CB1 Open C ph &...
  • Page 363: Cb Trip Conversion Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.22.1 CB TRIP CONVERSION LOGIC DIAGRAM Trip Inputs A CB1 Trip OutputA Trip Inputs B CB1 Trip OutputB Trip Inputs C CB1 Trip OutputC CB1Tripping Mode & 3 Pole CB1 Trip 3ph AR Force CB1 3P Force 3PTrip CB1 CB1 Trip I/P 3Ph Trip Inputs A...
  • Page 364: Voltage Monitor For Cb Closure

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.23.1 VOLTAGE MONITOR FOR CB CLOSURE System Checks Enabled & Live Line Live Line & Dead Line Dead line Select & Live Bus 1 Live Bus 1 VBus1 & Dead Bus 1 Dead Bus 1 VBus 2 1461 &...
  • Page 365: Check Synchronisation Monitor For Cb Closure

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose 5.23.2 CHECK SYNCHRONISATION MONITOR FOR CB CLOSURE Sys checks CB 1 Disabled SChksInactiveCB 1 Enabled CS1 Criteria OK & CS2 Criteria OK & CB1 CS1 SlipF> Select & 1578 CB1 CS1 SlipF> CB1 CS1 SlipF< 1579 &...
  • Page 366: Synchronisation Checks For Cb Closure

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV Sys checks CB 2 Disabled 1484 SChksInactiveCB 2 Enabled CS1 Criteria OK & CS1 Criteria OK & CB2 CS1 SlipF> Select 1466 CB2 CS1 SlipF> & CB2 CS1 SlipF< 1467 CB2 CS1 SlipF< & CB2 CS2 SlipF> 1468 CB2 CS2 SlipF>...
  • Page 367 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose For single-phase Autoreclose no voltage or synchronism check is required as synchronising power is flowing in the two healthy phases. Three-phase Autoreclose can be performed without checking that voltages are in synchronism for the first shot (and only the first shot). The settings to permit Autoreclose without checking voltage synchronism on the first shot are: CB1L SC Shot 1 for circuit breaker 1 as a leader, ●...
  • Page 368: Three-Phase Autoreclose Leader Check Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.24.1 THREE-PHASE AUTORECLOSE LEADER CHECK LOGIC DIAGRAM CB1L SC ClsNoDly Enabled 1572 & CB1 Fast SCOK CB1 L SC CS1 Enabled & CB1 CS1 OK CB1 L SC CS2 Enabled & CB1 CS2 OK CB1L SC DLLB Enabled &...
  • Page 369: Figure 193: Three-Phase Ar System Check Logic Diagram For Cb2 As Leader (Module 46)

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose CB2L SC ClsNoDly Enabled & 1454 CB2 Fast SCOK CB2 L SC CS1 Enabled & 1577 CB2 CS1 OK CB2 L SC CS2 Enabled & 1463 CB2 CS2 OK CB2L SC DLLB Enabled & Dead Line 1461 Live Bus 2 CB2L SC LLDB...
  • Page 370: Three-Phase Autoreclose Follower Check Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.24.2 THREE-PHASE AUTORECLOSE FOLLOWER CHECK LOGIC DIAGRAM & CB1F SC CS1 Enabled & CB1 CS1 OK CB1F SC CS2 Enabled & CB1 CS2 OK CB1F SC DLLB Enabled & Dead Line Live Bus 1 CB1F SC LLDB Enabled &...
  • Page 371: Figure 195: Three-Phase Ar System Check Logic Diagram For Cb2 As Follower (Module 48)

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose & CB2F SC CS1 Enabled & 1577 CB2 CS1 OK CB2F SC CS2 Enabled & 1463 CB2 CS2 OK CB2F SC DLLB Enabled & Dead Line 1461 Live Bus 2 CB2F SC LLDB Enabled 1456 &...
  • Page 372: Cb Manual Close System Check Logic Diagram

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV 5.24.3 CB MANUAL CLOSE SYSTEM CHECK LOGIC DIAGRAM CB1M SC CS1 Enabled & CB1 CS1 OK CB1M SC CS2 Enabled & CB1 CS2 OK CB1M SC DLLB Enabled & Dead Line Live Bus 1 CB1M SC LLDB Enabled 1574 &...
  • Page 373: Setting Guidelines

    P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose SETTING GUIDELINES DE-IONISING TIME GUIDANCE The de-ionisation time of a fault arc depends on several factors such as circuit voltage, conductor spacing, fault current and duration, atmospheric conditions, wind speed and capacitive coupling from adjacent conductors. For this reason it is difficult to estimate the de-ionisation time.
  • Page 374: Reclaim Time Setting Guidelines

    Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV (a) + (e) - (d) = 50 ms + 280 ms - 85 ms = 245 ms, to allow de-ionising In practice a few additional cycles would be added to allow for tolerances, so Dead Time 1 could be set to 300 ms or greater.
  • Page 375 P446SV Chapter 11 - Autoreclose Note: The Follower circuit breaker should only be reclosed if the system is healthy. In a dual circuit breaker scheme where the system is healthy, the Follower circuit breaker acts more like a bus coupler. In this case there is no need for fast switching and a time delay in excess of 1s is often appropriate.
  • Page 376 Chapter 11 - Autoreclose P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 377: Chapter 12 Cb Fail Protection

    CHAPTER 12 CB FAIL PROTECTION...
  • Page 378 Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 379: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection CHAPTER OVERVIEW The device provides a Circuit Breaker Fail Protection function. This chapter describes the operation of this function including the principles, logic diagrams and applications. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Circuit Breaker Fail Protection Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation Circuit Breaker Fail Logic...
  • Page 380: Circuit Breaker Fail Protection

    Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection P446SV CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL PROTECTION When a fault occurs, one or more protection devices will operate and issue a trip command to the relevant circuit breakers. Operation of the circuit breaker is essential to isolate the fault and prevent, or at least limit, damage to the power system.
  • Page 381: Circuit Breaker Fail Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL IMPLEMENTATION Circuit Breaker Failure Protection is implemented in the CB FAIL & P.DEAD column of the relevant settings group. CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL TIMERS The circuit breaker failure protection incorporates two timers, CB Fail 1 Timer and CB Fail 2 Timer, allowing configuration for the following scenarios: Simple CBF, where only CB Fail 1 Timer is enabled.
  • Page 382 Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection P446SV after the circuit breaker in the primary system has opened ensuring that the only current flowing in the AC secondary circuit is the subsidence current. P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 383: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part

    P446SV Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL LOGIC CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL LOGIC - PART 1 WI Prot Reset Enabled ExtTrip Only Ini Enabled & Aid1 WI Trip 3Ph & Aid2 WI Trip 3Ph WIINFEEDA & Aid 1 WI Trip A &...
  • Page 384: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part

    Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection P446SV CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL LOGIC - PART 2 CB1 Ext Trip A TripStateExtACB1 CB1 Ext Prot Rst I< Only & CB Open & I< CB1 Open A ph Prot Reset & I< & Prot Reset OR I< Rst OR CBOp &...
  • Page 385: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part 3

    P446SV Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL LOGIC - PART 3 WIINFEEDA TripStateExtA TripStateACB1 ExtTrip Only Ini Enabled & AnyTripPhaseA IA<FastUndercurrent CB1 Ext Trip 3ph CB1 Ext Prot Rst I< Only & CB Open & I< CB1 Open 3 ph Prot Reset &...
  • Page 386: Figure 200: Circuit Breaker Fail Logic - Part 4

    Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection P446SV CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL LOGIC - PART 4 From phase B equivalent LatchATripResetIncomp From phase C equivalent CB1 Fail1 Trip Latch3PhTripResetIncomp CB1 Fail Alarm LatchNonITripResetIncomp CB1 Fail2 Trip CB1 ZCD State A WI INFEED A TripStateA CB1 &...
  • Page 387: Application Notes

    P446SV Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection APPLICATION NOTES RESET MECHANISMS FOR CB FAIL TIMERS It is common practise to use low set undercurrent elements to indicate that circuit breaker poles have interrupted the fault or load current. This covers the following situations: ●...
  • Page 388: Setting Guidelines (Undercurrent)

    Chapter 12 - CB Fail Protection P446SV CBF resets: 1. Undercurrent element asserts 2. Undercurrent element asserts and the breaker status indicates an open position 3. Protection resets and the undercurrent element asserts Fault occurs Safety Protection Maximum breaker reset margin operating time clearing time...
  • Page 389: Chapter 13 Current Protection Functions

    CHAPTER 13 CURRENT PROTECTION FUNCTIONS...
  • Page 390 Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 391: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions CHAPTER OVERVIEW The primary purpose of this product is not overcurrent protection. It does however provide a range of current protection functions to be used as backup protection. This chapter assumes you are familiar with overcurrent protection principles and does not provide detailed information here.
  • Page 392: Phase Fault Overcurrent Protection

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV PHASE FAULT OVERCURRENT PROTECTION Phase fault overcurrent protection is provided as a form of back-up protection that could be: Permanently disabled ● Permanently enabled ● ● Enabled only in case of VT fuse/MCB failure Enabled only in case of protection communication channel failure ●...
  • Page 393 P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions Phase of protection Operate current Polarizing voltage B Phase C Phase Under system fault conditions, the fault current vector lags its nominal phase voltage by an angle depending on the system X/R ratio. The IED must therefore operate with maximum sensitivity for currents lying in this region. This is achieved by using the IED characteristic angle (RCA).
  • Page 394: Poc Logic

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV POC LOGIC I>1 Start A I>1 Current Set & & I>1 Trip A I>1 Direction Directional check VTS Fast Block Timer Settings & I> Blocking VTS Blocks I>1 I>1 Start B I>1 Current Set &...
  • Page 395: Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OVERCURRENT PROTECTION When applying standard phase overcurrent protection, the overcurrent elements must be set significantly higher than the maximum load current. This limits the element’s sensitivity. Most protection schemes also use an earth fault element operating from residual current, which improves sensitivity for earth faults.
  • Page 396: Npsoc Logic

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV NPSOC LOGIC I2>1 Start IDMT/DT I2>1 Current Set & & & I2>1 trip CTS Block I2> Inhibit I2 >1 Direction Directional I2> V2pol Set check VTS Slow block I 2> VTS Blocking & VTS Blocks I2>1 I2>1 Tmr Blk Note : For the purpose of clarity , this diagram shows the first...
  • Page 397 P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions Directionality is achieved by comparing the angle between the negative phase sequence voltage and the negative phase sequence current and the element may be selected to operate in either the forward or reverse direction. A suitable relay characteristic angle setting (I2>...
  • Page 398: Earth Fault Protection

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV EARTH FAULT PROTECTION Earth faults are overcurrent faults where the fault current flows to earth. Earth faults are the most common type of fault. Earth faults can be measured directly from the system by means of: ●...
  • Page 399: Directional Element

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions is the operating time I is the measured current IN> Setting is an adjustable setting, which defines the start point of the characteristic Note: Although the start point of the characteristic is defined by the "ΙN>" setting, the actual current threshold is a different setting called "IDG Ιs".
  • Page 400: Negative Sequence Polarisation

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV Small levels of residual voltage could be present under normal system conditions due to system imbalances, VT inaccuracies, device tolerances etc. For this reason, the device includes a user settable threshold (IN> VNPol set), which must be exceeded in order for the DEF function to become operational.
  • Page 401: Earth Fault Protection Logic

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions EARTH FAULT PROTECTION LOGIC IN>1 Start IDMT/ DT IN>1 Current Set & & & IN>1 Trip CTS Block Inhibit IN >1 IN>1 Directional IN> VNpol Set Directional check Low Current Residual voltage polarisation VTS Slow Block &...
  • Page 402 Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV We recommend the following RCA settings: Resistance earthed systems: 0° ● ● Distribution systems (solidly earthed): -45° Transmission systems (solidly earthed): -60° ● P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 403: Sensitive Earth Fault Protection

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT PROTECTION With some earth faults, the fault current flowing to earth is limited by either intentional resistance (as is the case with some HV systems) or unintentional resistance (e.g. in very dry conditions and where the substrate is high resistance, such as sand or rock).
  • Page 404: Sensitive Earth Fault Protection Logic

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV EPATR Curve 1000 1000 Current in Primary A (CT Ratio 100A/1A) V00616 Figure 206: EPATR B characteristic shown for TMS = 1.0 SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT PROTECTION LOGIC IN>1 Start IDMT/ DT ISEF>1 Current &...
  • Page 405: Application Notes

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions APPLICATION NOTES 5.4.1 INSULATED SYSTEMS When insulated systems are used, it is not possible to detect faults using standard earth fault protection. It is possible to use a residual overvoltage device to achieve this, but even with this method full discrimination is not possible.
  • Page 406: Setting Guidelines (Insulated Systems)

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV Restrain Vapf Operate Vcpf Vbpf Vres (= 3Vo) An RCA setting of ±90º shifts the IR3 = (IH1 + IH2) “centre of the characteristic” to here E00628 Figure 209: Phasor diagrams for insulated system with C phase fault The current imbalance detected by a core balanced current transformer on the healthy feeders is the vector addition of Ia1 and Ib1.
  • Page 407: Figure 210: Positioning Of Core Balance Current Transformers

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions Cable gland Cable box Cable gland/shealth earth connection “Incorrect” No operation “Correct” Operation E00614 Figure 210: Positioning of core balance current transformers If the cable sheath is terminated at the cable gland and directly earthed at that point, a cable fault (from phase to sheath) will not result in any unbalanced current in the core balance CT.
  • Page 408: High Impedance Ref

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV HIGH IMPEDANCE REF The device provides a high impedance restricted earth fault protection function. An external resistor is required to provide stability in the presence of saturated line current transformers. Current transformer supervision signals do not block the high impedance REF protection.
  • Page 409: Figure 212: High Impedance Ref Connection

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions Phase A Phase A Phase B Phase B Phase C Phase C Phase A Phase B Phase C STAB Neutral Neutral STAB Connecting IED to star winding for High Connecting IED to delta winding for High Impedance REF Impedance REF V00680...
  • Page 410: Thermal Overload Protection

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION The heat generated within an item of plant is the resistive loss. The thermal time characteristic is therefore based on the equation I Rt. Over-temperature conditions occur when currents in excess of their maximum rating are allowed to flow for a period of time.
  • Page 411: Thermal Overload Protection Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION IMPLEMENTATION The device incorporates a current-based thermal characteristic, using RMS load current to model heating and cooling of the protected plant. The element can be set with both alarm and trip stages. Thermal Overload Protection is implemented in the THERMAL OVERLOAD column of the relevant settings group.
  • Page 412: Figure 214: Spreadsheet Calculation For Dual Time Constant Thermal Characteristic

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV Figures based on equation E00728 Figure 214: Spreadsheet calculation for dual time constant thermal characteristic 100000 Time constant 1 = 5 mins 10000 Time constant 2 = 120 mins Pre-overload current = 0.9 pu Thermal setting = 1 Amp 1000 Current as a Multiple of Thermal Setting...
  • Page 413: Setting Guidelines For Single Time Constant Characteristic

    P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions Note: The thermal time constants given in the above tables are typical only. Reference should always be made to the plant manufacturer for accurate information. 7.5.2 SETTING GUIDELINES FOR SINGLE TIME CONSTANT CHARACTERISTIC The time to trip varies depending on the load current carried before application of the overload, i.e.
  • Page 414: Broken Conductor Protection

    Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV BROKEN CONDUCTOR PROTECTION One type of unbalanced fault is the 'Series' or 'Open Circuit' fault. This type of fault can arise from, among other things, broken conductors. Series faults do not cause an increase in phase current and so cannot be detected by overcurrent protection.
  • Page 415 P446SV Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions Note: A minimum value of 8% negative phase sequence current is required for successful operation. Since sensitive settings have been employed, we can expect that the element will operate for any unbalanced condition occurring on the system (for example, during a single pole autoreclose cycle). For this reason, a long time delay is necessary to ensure co-ordination with other protection devices.
  • Page 416 Chapter 13 - Current Protection Functions P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 417: Chapter 14 Voltage Protection Functions

    CHAPTER 14 VOLTAGE PROTECTION FUNCTIONS...
  • Page 418 Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 419: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions CHAPTER OVERVIEW The device provides a wide range of voltage protection functions. This chapter describes the operation of these functions including the principles, logic diagrams and applications. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Undervoltage Protection Overvoltage Protection...
  • Page 420: Undervoltage Protection

    Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions P446SV UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION Undervoltage conditions may occur on a power system for a variety of reasons, some of which are outlined below: Undervoltage conditions can be related to increased loads, whereby the supply voltage will decrease in ●...
  • Page 421: Undervoltage Protection Logic

    P446SV Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions UNDERVOLTAGE PROTECTION LOGIC V< Measur't Mode V<1 Start A/AB & V<1 Voltage Set & V <1 Trip A/AB V<1 Time Delay V< Measur't Mode V<1 Start B/BC & V<1 Voltage Set & V<1 Trip B/BC V<1 Time Delay V<...
  • Page 422: Application Notes

    Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions P446SV APPLICATION NOTES 2.3.1 UNDERVOLTAGE SETTING GUIDELINES In most applications, undervoltage protection is not required to operate during system earth fault conditions. If this is the case you should select phase-to-phase voltage measurement, as this quantity is less affected by single- phase voltage dips due to earth faults.
  • Page 423: Overvoltage Protection

    P446SV Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION Overvoltage conditions are generally related to loss of load conditions, whereby the supply voltage increases in magnitude. This situation would normally be rectified by voltage regulating equipment such as AVRs (Auto Voltage Regulators) or On Load Tap Changers.
  • Page 424: Overvoltage Protection Logic

    Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions P446SV OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION LOGIC V> Measur't Mode V>1 Start A/AB & V >1 Trip A/AB V>1 Voltage Set V>1 Time Delay V> Measur't Mode V>1 Start B/BC & V>1 Trip B/BC V>1 Voltage Set V>1 Time Delay V>...
  • Page 425: Application Notes

    P446SV Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions APPLICATION NOTES 3.3.1 OVERVOLTAGE SETTING GUIDELINES The provision of multiple stages and their respective operating characteristics allows for a number of possible applications: Definite Time can be used for both stages to provide the required alarm and trip stages. ●...
  • Page 426: Compensated Overvoltage

    Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions P446SV COMPENSATED OVERVOLTAGE The Compensated Overvoltage function calculates the positive sequence voltage at the remote terminal using the positive sequence local current and voltage and the line impedance and susceptance. This can be used on long transmission lines where Ferranti Overvoltages can develop under remote circuit breaker open conditions.
  • Page 427: Residual Overvoltage Protection

    P446SV Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions RESIDUAL OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION On a healthy three-phase power system, the sum of the three-phase to earth voltages is nominally zero, as it is the vector sum of three balanced vectors displaced from each other by 120°. However, when an earth fault occurs on the primary system, this balance is upset and a residual voltage is produced.
  • Page 428: Residual Overvoltage Logic

    Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions P446SV RESIDUAL OVERVOLTAGE LOGIC VN>1 Start & VN>1 Voltage Set & IDMT/DT VN>1 Trip VTS Fast Block VN>1 Timer Blk V00802 Figure 219: Residual Overvoltage logic The Residual Overvoltage module (VN>) is a level detector that detects when the voltage magnitude exceeds a set threshold, for each stage.
  • Page 429: Calculation For Impedance Earthed Systems

    P446SV Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions X 3 E + 2Z E00800 Figure 220: Residual voltage for a solidly earthed system As can be seen from the above diagram, the residual voltage measured on a solidly earthed system is solely dependent on the ratio of source impedance behind the protection to the line impedance in front of the protection, up to the point of fault.
  • Page 430: Setting Guidelines

    Chapter 14 - Voltage Protection Functions P446SV X 3 E + 2Z + 3Z E00801 Figure 221: Residual voltage for an impedance earthed system An impedance earthed system will always generate a relatively large degree of residual voltage, as the zero sequence source impedance now includes the earthing impedance.
  • Page 431: Chapter 15 Frequency Protection Functions

    CHAPTER 15 FREQUENCY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS...
  • Page 432 Chapter 15 - Frequency Protection Functions P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 433: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 15 - Frequency Protection Functions CHAPTER OVERVIEW The device provides a range of frequency protection functions. This chapter describes the operation of these functions including the principles, logic diagrams and applications. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Frequency Protection Independent R.O.C.O.F Protection P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 434: Frequency Protection

    Chapter 15 - Frequency Protection Functions P446SV FREQUENCY PROTECTION Power generation and utilisation needs to be well balanced in any industrial, distribution or transmission network. These electrical networks are dynamic entities, with continually varying loads and supplies, which are continually affecting the system frequency.
  • Page 435: Underfrequency Protection Logic

    P446SV Chapter 15 - Frequency Protection Functions 2.1.2 UNDERFREQUENCY PROTECTION LOGIC Freq Freq 1155 Averaging Averaging F<1 Start F<1 Start 1161 & F<1 Setting F<1 Setting F<1 Trip F<1 Trip F<1 Status F<1 Status Enabled Enabled All Poles Dead All Poles Dead 1370 Freq Not Found Freq Not Found...
  • Page 436: Overfrequency Protection Logic

    Chapter 15 - Frequency Protection Functions P446SV 2.2.2 OVERFREQUENCY PROTECTION LOGIC 1159 Averaging F>1 Start F>1 Start Freq Freq 1165 F>1 Setting F>1 Setting & F>1 Trip F>1 Trip F>1 Status F>1 Status Enabled Enabled All Poles Dead All Poles Dead 1370 Freq Not Found Freq Not Found...
  • Page 437: Independent R.o.c.o.f Protection

    P446SV Chapter 15 - Frequency Protection Functions INDEPENDENT R.O.C.O.F PROTECTION Where there are very large loads, imbalances may occur that result in rapid decline in system frequency. The situation could be so bad that shedding one or two stages of load is unlikely to stop this rapid frequency decline. In such a situation, standard underfrequency protection will normally have to be supplemented with protection that responds to the rate of change of frequency.
  • Page 438 Chapter 15 - Frequency Protection Functions P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 439: Chapter 16 Monitoring And Control

    CHAPTER 16 MONITORING AND CONTROL...
  • Page 440 Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 441: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control CHAPTER OVERVIEW As well as providing a range of protection functions, the product includes comprehensive monitoring and control functionality. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Event Records Disturbance Recorder Measurements CB Condition Monitoring CB State Monitoring Circuit Breaker Control Pole Dead Function...
  • Page 442: Event Records

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV EVENT RECORDS General Electric devices record events in an event log. This allows you to establish the sequence of events that led up to a particular situation. For example, a change in a digital input signal or protection element output signal would cause an event record to be created and stored in the event log.
  • Page 443: Opto-Input Events

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control Standard events are further sub-categorised internally to include different pieces of information. These are: Protection events (starts and trips) ● ● Maintenance record events Platform events ● Note: The first event in the list (event 0) is the most recent event to have occurred. 2.1.1 OPTO-INPUT EVENTS If one or more of the opto-inputs has changed state since the last time the protection algorithm ran (which runs at...
  • Page 444: Fault Record Events

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV 2.1.4 FAULT RECORD EVENTS An event record is created for every fault the IED detects. This is also known as a fault record. The event type description shown in the Event Text cell for this type of event is always Fault Recorded. The IED contains a separate register containing the latest fault records.
  • Page 445: Security Events

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control The Event Value cell for this type of event is a 32 bit binary string representing the state of the relevant DDB signals. These binary strings can also be viewed in the COMMISSION TESTS column in the relevant DDB batch cells. Not all DDB signals can generate an event.
  • Page 446: Disturbance Recorder

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV DISTURBANCE RECORDER The disturbance recorder feature allows you to record selected current and voltage inputs to the protection elements, together with selected digital signals. The digital signals may be inputs, outputs, or internal DDB signals. The disturbance records can be extracted using the disturbance record viewer in the settings application software.
  • Page 447: Measurements

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control MEASUREMENTS MEASURED QUANTITIES The device measures directly and calculates a number of system quantities, which are updated every second. You can view these values in the relevant MEASUREMENT columns or with the Measurement Viewer in the settings application software.
  • Page 448: Cb Condition Monitoring

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV CB CONDITION MONITORING The device records various statistics related to each circuit breaker trip operation, allowing an accurate assessment of the circuit breaker condition to be determined. These statistics are available in the CB CONDITION column.
  • Page 449: Broken Current Accumulator

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control BROKEN CURRENT ACCUMULATOR CB1PhaseACurrent Set CB1 Cumulative IA broken In Reset CB1PhaseBCurrent Set CB1 Cumulative IB broken In Reset CB1PhaseCCurrent Set CB 1 Cumulative IC broken In CB1 Trip 3ph Reset CB1 Ext Trip3ph Note: Broken current totals not incremented when device is in test mode CB1 Trip OutputA CB1 Ext Trip A...
  • Page 450: Cb Trip Counter

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV CB TRIP COUNTER Déc 3ph DJ1 Déc. ext 3ph DJ1 Sortie Déc A DJ1 Incrément DJ1 Compteur de Déc. ext A DJ1 déclenchement Phase A Réinit Sortie Déc B DJ1 Incrément DJ1 Compteur de Déc.
  • Page 451: Cb Operating Time Accumulator

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control CB OPERATING TIME ACCUMULATOR CB1 Trip 3ph Note: CB operating time not accumulated when device is in test mode CB1 Ext Trip3 ph CB1 Trip OutputA Start CB1 operating time phase A Increment CB1 Ext Trip A Stop CB1OpTimePhA Counter...
  • Page 452: Excessive Fault Frequency Counter

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV EXCESSIVE FAULT FREQUENCY COUNTER CB1 Trip 3ph CB1 Ext Trip3 ph Increment CB1 Excessive Fault Frequency Counter CB1 Trip OutputA Reset CB1 Ext Trip A CB1 Trip OutputB CB1 Ext Trip B CB1 Trip OutputC CB1 Ext Trip C CB1 LO Alarm CB1FltFreqTime...
  • Page 453: Reset Lockout Alarm

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control RESET LOCKOUT ALARM CB mon LO reset Reset CB1 Lockout Alarm Clear Alarms CB1 Failed to Trip & CB1 Open 3 ph CB1 LO Alarm CB1 Closed 3 ph CB1 Closed A ph CB1 Closed B ph &...
  • Page 454: Cb Condition Monitoring Logic

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV CB CONDITION MONITORING LOGIC CB1 I^ Maint Alarm Enabled & & CB1 I^ Maint Greatest broken current total CB1 I^ Maint CB1 Monitor Alm CB1 I^ Lockout Alarm Enabled & CB1 I^ Lockout CB1 I^ Lockout No.CB1 Ops Maint Alarm Enabled...
  • Page 455: Reset Circuit Breaker Lockout

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control CB2 I^ Maint Alarm Enabled & & CB2 I^ Maint Greatest broken current total CB2 I^ Maint CB2 Monitor Alm CB2 I^ Lockout Alarm Enabled & CB2 I^ Lockout CB2 I^ Lockout No.CB2 Ops Maint Alarm Enabled &...
  • Page 456 Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV If Res LO by CB IS is set to Enabled, a lockout is reset if the circuit breaker is successfully closed manually. For this, the circuit breaker must remain closed long enough so that it enters the “In Service” state. If Res LO by UI is set to Enabled, the circuit breaker lockout can be reset from a user interface using the reset circuit breaker lockout command in the CB CONTROL column.
  • Page 457: Reset Cb Lockout Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control 5.7.1 RESET CB LOCKOUT LOGIC DIAGRAM Res LO by CB IS Enabled & CB1CRLo Res LO by UI Enabled & Reset CB1 LO Res LO by NoAR Enabled & ResCB1Lo ARDisabled Num CBs CB2 Only Res LO by ExtDDB Enabled...
  • Page 458: Setting The Thresholds For The Number Of Operations

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV The dielectric withstand of the oil generally decreases as a function of I t, where ‘I’ is the broken fault current and ‘t’ is the arcing time within the interrupter tank. The arcing time cannot be determined accurately, but is generally dependent on the type of circuit breaker being used.
  • Page 459: Cb State Monitoring

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control CB STATE MONITORING CB State monitoring is used to verify the open or closed state of a circuit breaker. Most circuit breakers have auxiliary contacts through which they transmit their status (open or closed) to control equipment such as IEDs. These auxiliary contacts are known as: 52A for contacts that follow the state of the CB ●...
  • Page 460: Cb State Monitor

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV CB STATE MONITOR CB1 Aux 3ph(52-A) & CB1 Aux 3ph(52-B) & CB1 Closed 3 ph & CB1 Status Input & 52A 3 pole 52B 3 pole & 52A & 52B 3 pole CB1 Open 3 ph &...
  • Page 461: Circuit Breaker Control

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL Although some circuit breakers do not provide auxiliary contacts, most provide auxiliary contacts to reflect the state of the circuit breaker. These are: CBs with 52A contacts (where the auxiliary contact follows the state of the CB) ●...
  • Page 462: Cb Control Using The Hotkeys

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV For this to work you have to set the CB control by cell to option 1 Local, option 3 Local + Remote, option 5 Opto+Local, or option 7 Opto+Local+Remote in the CB CONTROL column. CB CONTROL USING THE HOTKEYS The hotkeys allow you to manually trip and close the CB without the need to enter the SYSTEM DATA column.
  • Page 463: Cb Control Using The Opto-Inputs

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control default PSL is set up such that Function key 2 initiates a trip and Function key 3 initiates a close. For this to work you have to set the CB control by cell to option 5 Opto+Local, or option 7 Opto+Local+Remote in the CB CONTROL column.
  • Page 464: Cb Healthy Check

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV Protection Trip Trip Remote Control Trip Close Remote Control Close Local Remote Close Trip E01207 Figure 237: Remote Control of Circuit Breaker CB HEALTHY CHECK A CB Healthy check is available if required. This facility accepts an input to one of the opto-inputs to indicate that the breaker is capable of closing (e.g.
  • Page 465: Cb Control Logic Diagram

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control Following manual circuit breaker closure, if either a single phase or a three phase fault occur, the circuit breaker is tripped three phase, but Autoreclose is not locked out for this condition. CB CONTROL LOGIC DIAGRAM CB Control by Opto Note : If the DDB signal CB1 Healthy or CB2 Healthy is not mapped in PSL , it...
  • Page 466: Figure 239: Cb2 Control Logic (Module 44)

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV CB Control by Opto Note: If the DDB signal CB 1 Healthy, or CB2 healthy is not mapped in PSL , it defaults to Opto+Local High. Opto+Remote Opto+Rem+Local Trip Pulse Time HMI Trip Control TripCB2 &...
  • Page 467: Pole Dead Function

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control POLE DEAD FUNCTION The Pole Dead Logic is used to determine and indicate that one or more phases of the line are not energised. A Pole Dead condition is determined either by measuring: the line currents and/or voltages, or ●...
  • Page 468: System Checks

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV SYSTEM CHECKS In some situations it is possible for both "bus" and "line" sides of a circuit breaker to be live when a circuit breaker is open - for example at the ends of a feeder that has a power source at each end. Therefore, it is normally necessary to check that the network conditions on both sides are suitable, before closing the circuit breaker.
  • Page 469: Voltage Monitoring

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control The Check Sync VT may be connected to one of the phase-to-phase voltages or phase-to-neutral voltages. This needs to be defined using the CS Input setting in the CT AND VT RATIOS column. Options are, A-B, B-C, C-A, A-N, B- N, or C-N.
  • Page 470: Figure 241: Check Synchronisation Vector Diagram

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV 0º Check Sync Stage 2 Limits Check Sync Stage 1 Limits Live Volts Rotating Vector Nomical Volts V LINE Dead Volts ±180º System Split E01204 Limits Figure 241: Check Synchronisation vector diagram P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 471: Voltage Monitor For Cb Closure

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control VOLTAGE MONITOR FOR CB CLOSURE System Checks Enabled & Live Line Live Line & Dead Line Dead line Select & Live Bus 1 Live Bus 1 VBus1 & Dead Bus 1 Dead Bus 1 VBus 2 1461 &...
  • Page 472: Check Synchronisation Monitor For Cb Closure

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV CHECK SYNCHRONISATION MONITOR FOR CB CLOSURE Sys checks CB 1 Disabled SChksInactiveCB 1 Enabled CS1 Criteria OK & CS2 Criteria OK & CB1 CS1 SlipF> Select 1578 & CB1 CS1 SlipF> CB1 CS1 SlipF< 1579 &...
  • Page 473: Figure 244: Check Synchronisation Monitor For Cb2 Closure (Module 61)

    P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control Sys checks CB 2 Disabled 1484 SChksInactiveCB 2 Enabled CS1 Criteria OK & CS1 Criteria OK & CB2 CS1 SlipF> Select 1466 CB2 CS1 SlipF> & CB2 CS1 SlipF< 1467 CB2 CS1 SlipF< &...
  • Page 474: System Check Psl

    Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV SYSTEM CHECK PSL SysChks Inactive Check Sync 1 OK Check Sync 2 OK Man Check Synch Live Line & Dead Bus AR Sys Checks & Dead Line & Live Bus V02028 Figure 245: System Check PSL APPLICATION NOTES 9.5.1 PREDICTIVE CLOSURE OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS...
  • Page 475 P446SV Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control 220/√3 110/√3 220/√3 0.577 0º 220/√3 110/√3 220/√3 110/3 1.732 0º P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 476 Chapter 16 - Monitoring and Control P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 477: Chapter 17 Supervision

    CHAPTER 17 SUPERVISION...
  • Page 478 Chapter 17 - Supervision P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 479: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 17 - Supervision CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter describes the supervison functions. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Voltage Transformer Supervision Current Transformer Supervision Trip Circuit Supervision P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 480: Voltage Transformer Supervision

    Chapter 17 - Supervision P446SV VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER SUPERVISION The Voltage Transformer Supervision (VTS) function is used to detect failure of the AC voltage inputs to the protection. This may be caused by voltage transformer faults, overloading, or faults on the wiring, which usually results in one or more of the voltage transformer fuses blowing.
  • Page 481: Vts Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 17 - Supervision following line energization (based on an All Poles Dead signal drop off). It must still be set in excess of any non- fault based currents on line energisation (load, line charging current, transformer inrush current if applicable), but below the level of current produced by a close-up three-phase fault.
  • Page 482: Vts Logic

    Chapter 17 - Supervision P446SV VTS LOGIC All Poles Dead 240ms VTS I> Inhibit & VTS I> Inhibit VTS I> Inhibit VTS Time Delay Hardcoded threshold & Hardcoded threshold & VTS Slow Block Hardcoded threshold Delta IA & & VTS Fast Block Hardcoded threshold Delta IB Hardcoded threshold...
  • Page 483 P446SV Chapter 17 - Supervision The IED may respond as follows, on operation of any VTS element: VTS set to provide alarm indication only ● ● Optional blocking of voltage-dependent protection elements Optional conversion of directional overcurrent elements to non-directional protection (by setting the ●...
  • Page 484: Current Transformer Supervision

    Chapter 17 - Supervision P446SV CURRENT TRANSFORMER SUPERVISION The Current Transformer Supervision function (CTS) is used to detect failure of the AC current inputs to the protection. This may be caused by internal current transformer faults, overloading, or faults on the wiring. If there is a failure of the AC current input, the protection could misinterpret this as a failure of the actual phase currents on the power system, which could result in maloperation.
  • Page 485: Standard Cts Logic

    P446SV Chapter 17 - Supervision STANDARD CTS LOGIC CTS Time Delay & Pickup CTS IN> Set CT1 Fail Alarm & CTS VN< Inhibit & CTS Block Inhibit CTS Disable CTS CTS Status In indication mode , timer is set to 20 ms Indication Restrain CTS Reset Mode...
  • Page 486: Trip Circuit Supervision

    Chapter 17 - Supervision P446SV TRIP CIRCUIT SUPERVISION In most protection schemes, the trip circuit extends beyond the IED enclosure and passes through components such as links, relay contacts, auxiliary switches and other terminal boards. Such complex arrangements may require dedicated schemes for their supervision. There are two distinctly separate parts to the trip circuit;...
  • Page 487: Psl For Tcs Scheme 1

    P446SV Chapter 17 - Supervision Trip Circuit Voltage Opto Voltage Setting with R1 Fitted Resistor R1 (ohms) 110/125 48/54 2.7k 220/250 110/125 5.2k Warning: This Scheme is not compatible with Trip Circuit voltages of less than 48 V. 4.1.2 PSL FOR TCS SCHEME 1 Opto Input dropoff *Output Relay...
  • Page 488: Resistor Values

    Chapter 17 - Supervision P446SV When the breaker is closed, supervision current passes through opto input 1 and the trip coil. When the breaker is open current flows through opto input 2 and the trip coil. No supervision of the trip path is provided whilst the breaker is open.
  • Page 489: Resistor Values

    P446SV Chapter 17 - Supervision supervision current is maintained through the trip path with the breaker in either state, therefore providing pre- closing supervision. 4.3.1 RESISTOR VALUES Resistors R1 and R2 are used to prevent false tripping, if the opto-input is accidentally shorted. However, unlike the other two schemes.
  • Page 490 Chapter 17 - Supervision P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 491: Chapter 18 Digital I/O And Psl Configuration

    CHAPTER 18 DIGITAL I/O AND PSL CONFIGURATION...
  • Page 492 Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 493: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the PSL (Programmable Scheme Logic) Editor, and describes the configuration of the digital inputs and outputs. It provides an outline of scheme logic concepts and the PSL Editor. This is followed by details about allocation of the digital inputs and outputs, which require the use of the PSL Editor.
  • Page 494: Configuring Digital Inputs And Outputs

    Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration P446SV CONFIGURING DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS Configuration of the digital inputs and outputs in this product is very flexible. You can use a combination of settings and programmable logic to customise them to your application. You can access some of the settings using the keypad on the front panel, but you will need a computer running the settings application software to fully interrogate and configure the properties of the digital inputs and outputs.
  • Page 495: Scheme Logic

    P446SV Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration SCHEME LOGIC The product is supplied with pre-loaded Fixed Scheme Logic (FSL) and Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL). The Scheme Logic is a functional module within the IED, through which all mapping of inputs to outputs is handled. The scheme logic can be split into two parts;...
  • Page 496: Psl Editor

    Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration P446SV PSL EDITOR The Programmable Scheme Logic (PSL) is a module of programmable logic gates and timers in the IED, which can be used to create customised logic to qualify how the product manages its response to system conditions. The IED's digital inputs are combined with internally generated digital signals using logic gates, timers, and conditioners.
  • Page 497: Configuring The Opto-Inputs

    P446SV Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration CONFIGURING THE OPTO-INPUTS The number of optically isolated status inputs (opto-inputs) depends on the specific model supplied. The use of the inputs will depend on the application, and their allocation is defined in the programmable scheme logic (PSL). In addition to the PSL assignment, you also need to specify the expected input voltage.
  • Page 498: Assigning The Output Relays

    Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration P446SV ASSIGNING THE OUTPUT RELAYS Relay contact action is controlled using the PSL. DDB signals are mapped in the PSL and drive the output relays. The driving of an output relay is controlled by means of a relay output conditioner. Several choices are available for how output relay contacts are conditioned.
  • Page 499: Fixed Function Leds

    P446SV Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration FIXED FUNCTION LEDS Four fixed-function LEDs on the left-hand side of the front panel indicate the following conditions. Trip (Red) switches ON when the IED issues a trip signal. It is reset when the associated fault record is ●...
  • Page 500: Configuring Programmable Leds

    Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration P446SV CONFIGURING PROGRAMMABLE LEDS There are three types of programmable LED signals which vary according to the model being used. These are: Single-colour programmable LED. These are red when illuminated. ● Tri-colour programmable LED. These can be illuminated red, green, or amber. ●...
  • Page 501 P446SV Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration Note: All LED DDB signals are always shown in the PSL Editor. However, the actual number of LEDs depends on the device hardware. For example, if a small 20TE device has only 4 programmable LEDs, LEDs 5-8 will not take effect even if they are mapped in the PSL.
  • Page 502: Function Keys

    Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration P446SV FUNCTION KEYS For most models, a number of programmable function keys are available. This allows you to assign function keys to control functionality via the programmable scheme logic (PSL). Each function key is associated with a programmable tri-colour LED, which you can program to give the desired indication on activation of the function key.
  • Page 503: Control Inputs

    P446SV Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration CONTROL INPUTS The control inputs are software switches, which can be set or reset locally or remotely. These inputs can be used to trigger any PSL function to which they are connected. There are three setting columns associated with the control inputs: CONTROL INPUTS, CTRL I/P CONFIG and CTRL I/P LABELS.
  • Page 504 Chapter 18 - Digital I/O and PSL Configuration P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 505: Chapter 19 Fibre Teleprotection

    CHAPTER 19 FIBRE TELEPROTECTION...
  • Page 506 Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 507: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter provides information about the fibre-optic communication mechanism,which is used to provide unit schemes and general-purpose teleprotection signalling for protection of transmission lines and distribution feeders. The feature is called Fibre Teleprotection. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Protection Signalling Introduction...
  • Page 508: Protection Signalling Introduction

    Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV PROTECTION SIGNALLING INTRODUCTION Unit protection schemes can be formed by several IEDs located remotely from each other and some distance protection schemes. Such unit protection schemes need communication between each location to achieve a unit protection function.
  • Page 509: Transmission Media And Interference

    P446SV Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection tripping schemes, since receipt of an incorrect signal must coincide with a ‘start’ of the receiving end protection for a trip operation to take place. The intention of these schemes is to speed up tripping for faults occurring within the protected zone.
  • Page 510: Fibre Teleprotection Implementation

    Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV FIBRE TELEPROTECTION IMPLEMENTATION The Fibre Teleprotection interface is an optional feature in this product. It provides fibre-optic communications to implement intertripping command signalling which can be freely allocated to realise protection schemes such as Permissive and Blocking schemes.
  • Page 511: Fibre Teleprotection Scheme Terminal Addressing

    P446SV Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection IED B Remote 1 Local Remote 2 IED A IED C Rx Tx V02500 Figure 256: Fibre Teleprotection connections for a three-terminal Scheme 3.1.1 FIBRE TELEPROTECTION SCHEME TERMINAL ADDRESSING In Fibre Teleprotection schemes, commands are packaged together with other important data for transmission over communications channels to the other devices.
  • Page 512: Setting Up Im64

    Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV 3.1.2 SETTING UP IM64 In this product, the feature that manages the fibre teleprotection command signals is called InterMiCOM 64 (or IM64). IM64 is suitable for the exchange of all teleprotection command types. Up to 2 banks of teleprotection command signals (IM64 signals) are provided. Each bank provides 8 duplex command signals.
  • Page 513: Physical Connection

    P446SV Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection local Ch1 Tx connects to a remote Ch2 Rx, and the corresponding Ch1 Rx and Ch2 Tx are connected together as shown in the earlier figure (Fibre Teleprotection Connections for a Three Terminal Scheme). This Three Terminal scheme uses a triangulation approach and is designed to function if a communications link between two terminals is not present or is degraded.
  • Page 514 Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV Ch 1 1300 nm multi-mode Not fitted 1300 nm multi-mode 1300 nm multi-mode 1300 nm single-mode Not fitted 1300 nm single-mode 1300 nm single-mode 1550 nm single-mode Not fitted 1550 nm single-mode 1550 nm single-mode 850 nm 1300 nm multi-mode 850 nm...
  • Page 515: Figure 257: Interfacing To Pcm Multiplexers

    P446SV Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection 850 nm 850 nm 850 nm multimode multimode multimode optical fiber optical fiber optical fiber P591 P592 P593 interface unit interface unit interface unit G.703 V.35 X.21 Multiplexer or Multiplexer or Multiplexer xDSL modem xDSL modem Multiplexer or Multiplexer or...
  • Page 516 Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV Note: To use this configuration, you need to set Comms Mode to ‘IEEE C37.94’. You then need to remove the power supply from the product and then re-apply the power. The setting is now effective. If ‘IEEE C37.94’ is used, it applies to both communication channels.
  • Page 517: Im64 Logic

    P446SV Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection IM64 LOGIC Channel Timeout No Received Messages Ch 1 Ch1 Timeout Poor Channel Quality Ch 1 Signalling Fail Ch1 Degraded Channel Timeout No Received Messages Ch 2 Ch2 Timeout Poor Channel Quality Ch 2 Ch2 Degraded Scheme Setup &...
  • Page 518: Figure 260: Im64 Communications Mode And Ieee C37.94 Alarm Signals

    Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV Channel 1 Communication Error in Receive Ch1 Signal Lost message (IEEE C37 .94) Message Info Error in Transit Ch1 Path Yellow Message Info Comms Mode Ch1 Mismatch RxN Channel Mismatch IEEE C37.94 IEEE C37 .94 Error in Receive Ch2 Signal Lost Message Info...
  • Page 519: Application Notes

    P446SV Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection APPLICATION NOTES Effective communications are essential for the performance of teleprotection schemes. Disturbances on the communications links need to be detected and reported so that appropriate actions can be taken to ensure that the power system does not go unprotected. ALARM MANAGEMENT Due to the criticality of IM64 communications for correct scheme performance, there is an extensive regime to monitor signal quality and integrity, generate and report alarms.
  • Page 520: Two-Ended Scheme Extended Supervision

    Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV TWO-ENDED SCHEME EXTENDED SUPERVISION For two-terminal applications, the Signalling Fail and IM64 SchemeFail signals operate together. As such, the basic indications available on each device should be considered as local-terminal indications only. If remote indication is needed to assure scheme functionality, it is necessary to use additional signals to communicate the status to the remote end.
  • Page 521 P446SV Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection The logic presented above is intended only as an example. You may need to customise it for your application requirements. P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 522 Chapter 19 - Fibre Teleprotection P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 523: Chapter 20 Electrical Teleprotection

    CHAPTER 20 ELECTRICAL TELEPROTECTION...
  • Page 524 Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 525: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Introduction Teleprotection Scheme Principles Implementation Configuration Connecting to Electrical InterMiCOM Application Notes P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 526: Introduction

    Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection P446SV INTRODUCTION Electrical Teleprotection is an optional feature that uses communications links to create protection schemes. It can be used to replace hard wiring between dedicated relay output contacts and digital input circuits. Two products equipped with electrical teleprotection can connect and exchange commands using a communication link.
  • Page 527: Teleprotection Scheme Principles

    P446SV Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection TELEPROTECTION SCHEME PRINCIPLES Teleprotection schemes use signalling to convey a trip command to remote circuit breakers to isolate circuits. Three types of teleprotection commands are commonly encountered: Direct Tripping ● Permissive Tripping ● Blocking Scheme ●...
  • Page 528: Implementation

    Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection P446SV IMPLEMENTATION Electrical InterMiCOM is configured using a combination of settings in the INTERMICOM COMMS column, settings in the INTERMICOM CONF column, and the programmable scheme logic (PSL). The eight command signals are mapped to DDB signals within the product using the PSL. Signals being sent to a remote terminal are referenced in the PSL as IM Output 1 - IM Output 8.
  • Page 529: Configuration

    P446SV Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection CONFIGURATION Electrical Teleprotection is compliant with IEC 60834-1:1999. For your application, you can customise individual command signals to the differing requirements of security, speed, and dependability as defined in this standard. You customise the command signals using the IM# Cmd Type cell in the INTERMICOM CONF column. Any command signal can be configured for: ●...
  • Page 530: Figure 263: Example Assignment Of Intermicom Signals Within The Psl

    Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection P446SV E002521 Figure 263: Example assignment of InterMiCOM signals within the PSL Note: When an Electrical InterMiCOM signal is sent from a local terminal, only the remote terminal will react to the command. The local terminal will only react to commands initiated at the remote terminal. P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 531: Connecting To Electrical Intermicom

    P446SV Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection CONNECTING TO ELECTRICAL INTERMICOM Electrical InterMiCOM uses EIA(RS)232 communication presented on a 9-pin ‘D’ type connector. The connector is labelled SK5 and is located at the bottom of the 2nd Rear communication board. The port is configured as standard DTE (Data Terminating Equipment).
  • Page 532: Application Notes

    Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection P446SV APPLICATION NOTES Electrical InterMiCOM settings are contained within two columns; INTERMICOM COMMS and INTERMICOM CONF. The INTERMICOM COMMS column contains all the settings needed to configure the communications, as well as the channel statistics and diagnostic facilities. The INTERMICOM CONF column sets the mode of each command signal and defines how they operate in case of signalling failure.
  • Page 533 P446SV Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection Note: As we have recommended Latched operation, the table does not contain recommendations for ‘Permissive’ mode. However, if you do select ‘Default’ mode, you should set IM# FrameSyncTim greater than those listed above. If you set IM# FrameSyncTim lower than the minimum setting listed above, the device could interpret a valid change in a message as a corrupted message.
  • Page 534 Chapter 20 - Electrical Teleprotection P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 535: Chapter 21 Communications

    CHAPTER 21 COMMUNICATIONS...
  • Page 536 Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 537: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications CHAPTER OVERVIEW This product supports Substation Automation System (SAS), and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) communication. The support embraces the evolution of communications technologies that have taken place since microprocessor technologies were introduced into protection, control, and monitoring devices which are now ubiquitously known as Intelligent Electronic Devices for the substation (IEDs).
  • Page 538: Communication Interfaces

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV COMMUNICATION INTERFACES The products have a number of standard and optional communication interfaces. The standard and optional hardware and protocols are summarised below: Port Availability Physical layer Data Protocols Front Standard RS232 Local settings Courier Rear Port 1 SCADA Courier, MODBUS, IEC60870-5-103, DNP3.0...
  • Page 539: Serial Communication

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications SERIAL COMMUNICATION The physical layer standards that are used for serial communications for SCADA purposes are: EIA(RS)485 (often abbreviated to RS485) ● K-Bus (a proprietary customization of RS485) ● EIA(RS)232 is used for local communication with the IED (for transferring settings and downloading firmware updates).
  • Page 540: Eia(Rs)485 Biasing Requirements

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV 3.2.1 EIA(RS)485 BIASING REQUIREMENTS Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1 V. There should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point. The DC source used for the bias must be clean to prevent noise being injected.
  • Page 541: Figure 267: Remote Communication Using K-Bus

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications RS232 K-Bus Computer RS232-USB converter KITZ protocol converter V01001 Figure 267: Remote communication using K-Bus Note: An RS232-USB converter is only needed if the local computer does not provide an RS232 port. Further information about K-Bus is available in the publication R6509: K-Bus Interface Guide, which is available on request.
  • Page 542: Standard Ethernet Communication

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV STANDARD ETHERNET COMMUNICATION The type of Ethernet board depends on the chosen model. The available boards and their features are described in the Hardware Design chapter of this manual. The Ethernet interface is required for either IEC 61850 or DNP3 over Ethernet (protocol must be selected at time of order).
  • Page 543: Redundant Ethernet Communication

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications REDUNDANT ETHERNET COMMUNICATION Redundancy is required where a single point of failure cannot be tolerated. It is required in critical applications such as substation automation. Redundancy acts as an insurance policy, providing an alternative route if one route fails.
  • Page 544: Parallel Redundancy Protocol

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV PARALLEL REDUNDANCY PROTOCOL PRP (Parallel Reundancy Protocol) is defined in IEC 62439-3. PRP provides bumpless redundancy and meets the most demanding needs of substation automation. The PRP implementation of the REB is compatible with any standard PRP device.
  • Page 545: High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (Hsr)

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications HIGH-AVAILABILITY SEAMLESS REDUNDANCY (HSR) HSR is standardized in IEC 62439-3 (clause 5) for use in ring topology networks. Similar to PRP, HSR provides bumpless redundancy and meets the most demanding needs of substation automation. HSR has become the reference standard for ring-topology networks in the substation environment.
  • Page 546: Hsr Application In The Substation

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Source DANH DANH Redbox Switch C frame A frame B frame Singly Attached Nodes D frame DANH DANH DANH Destination V01031 Figure 270: HSR unicast topology For unicast frames, the whole bandwidth is available as both frames A & B stop at the destination node. 5.3.3 HSR APPLICATION IN THE SUBSTATION P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 547: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications T1000 switch PC SCADA DS Agile gateways Px4x Px4x Px4x Px4x Px4x Px4x Px4x Px4x Bay 1 Bay 2 Bay 3 E01066 Figure 271: HSR application in the substation RAPID SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL RSTP is a standard used to quickly reconnect a network fault by finding an alternative path. It stops network loops whilst enabling redundancy.
  • Page 548: Self Healing Protocol

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV SELF HEALING PROTOCOL The Self-Healing Protocol (SHP) implemented in the REB is a proprietary protocol that responds to the constraints of critical time applications such as the GOOSE messaging of IEC 61850. It is designed, primarily, to be used on PACiS Substation Automation Systems that employ the C264-SWR212 and/or H35x switches.
  • Page 549: Dual Homing Protocol

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Primary Fibre Switch Switch Switch Rx (Ep) Tx (Ep) Tx (Es) Rx (Rs) Hx5x C264 Hx5x Secondary Fibre V01014 Figure 275: Redundant Ethernet ring architecture with IED, bay computer and Ethernet switches after failure DUAL HOMING PROTOCOL The Dual Homing Protocol (DHP) implemented in the REB is a proprietary protocol.
  • Page 550: Figure 276: Dual Homing Mechanism

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Network 1 Network 2 Optical star Optical star Alstom Alstom H63x H63x Dual homing Dual homing Dual homing SWD21x SWD21x SWD21x Modified frames from network 1 Modified frames from network 2 No modified frames V01015 Figure 276: Dual homing mechanism The H36x is a repeater with a standard 802.3 Ethernet switch, plus the DHM.
  • Page 551: Configuring Ip Addresses

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications MiCOM H382 SCADA or PACiS OI DS Agile gateways H600 switch H600 switch Ethernet Up to 6 links C264 * Px4x ** C264 H368 Ethernet Up to 4 links RS485 Bay level Bay level Bay level Type 1 Type 2 Type 3...
  • Page 552: Configuring The Ied Ip Address

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV The switch IP address must be configured through the Ethernet network. Set by IED Configurator IED (IP1) AAA.BBB.CCC.DDD REB (IP2) WWW.XXX.YYY.ZZZ Set by Hardware Dip Switch SW2 for SHP, DHP, or RSTP Set by PRP/HSR Configurator for PRP or HSR Set by Switch Manager for SHP and DHP Set by RSTP Configurator for RSTP Set by PRP/HSR Configurator for PRP or HSR...
  • Page 553 P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Before removing the front cover, take precautions to prevent electrostatic discharge damage according to the ANSI/ESD-20.20 -2007 standard. Wear a 1 MΩ earth strap and connect it to the earth (ground) point on the back of the IED. E01019 Lift the upper and lower flaps.
  • Page 554: Prp/Hsr Configurator

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Press the levers either side of the connector to disconnect the ribbon cable from the front panel. E01021 Remove the redundant Ethernet board. Set the last octet of IP address using the DIP switches. The available range is 1 to 127.
  • Page 555: Connecting The Ied To A Pc

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications between PRP and HSR or configure their parameters, configure the redundancy IP address, or configure the SNTP IP address. 5.8.1 CONNECTING THE IED TO A PC Connect the IED to the PC on which the Configurator tool is used. This connection is done through an Ethernet switch or through a media converter.
  • Page 556: Prp/Hsr Device Identification

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV 5.8.4 PRP/HSR DEVICE IDENTIFICATION To configure the redundant Ethernet board, go to the main window and click the Identify Device button. A list of devices are shown with the following details: Device address ● MAC address ●...
  • Page 557: Hsr Configuration

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications The configurable parameters are as follows: Multicast Address: Use this field to configure the multicast destination address. All DANPs in the network ● must be configured to operate with the same multicast address for the purpose of network supervision. Node Forget Time: This is the time after which a node entry is cleared in the nodes table.
  • Page 558: End Of Session

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV PRP/HSR functionality. To add an entry in the forwarding database, click the Filtering Entries tab. Configure as follows: Select the Port Number and MAC Address Set the Entry type (Dynamic or Static) Set the cast type (Unicast or Multicast) Set theMGMT and Rate Limit Click the Create button.
  • Page 559: Installing The Configurator

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications RJ45 Ethernet switch Media Converter TX2 RX2 RX1 TX1 RX2 TX2 RX1 TX1 RX2 TX2 V01803 Figure 280: Connection using (a) an Ethernet switch and (b) a media converter 5.9.2 INSTALLING THE CONFIGURATOR To install the configurator: Double click the WinPcap installer.
  • Page 560: Rstp Ip Address Configuration

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Note: Due to the time needed to establish the RSTP protocol, wait 25 seconds between connecting the PC to the IED and clicking the Identify Device button. The redundant Ethernet board connected to the PC is identified and its details are listed. Device address ●...
  • Page 561: End Of Session

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Maximum value S.No Parameter Default value (second) Minimum value (second) (second) Bridge Forward Delay Bridge Priority 32768 61440 5.9.8.1 BRIDGE PARAMETERS To read the RSTP bridge parameters from the board, From the main window click the device address to select the device. The RSTP Config window appears and the default tab is Bridge Parameters.
  • Page 562: Installation

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Switch hardware Alstom switches are stand-alone devices (H3xx, H6x families) or embedded in a computer device rack, for example MiCOM C264 (SWDxxx, SWRxxx, SWUxxx Ethernet boards) or PC board (MiCOM H14x, MiCOM H15x, MiCOM H16x). Switch range There are 3 types of Alstom switches: Standard switches: SWU (in C264), H14x (PCI), H34x, H6x...
  • Page 563: Setup

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications 5.10.2 SETUP Make sure the PC has one Ethernet port connected to the Alstom switch. Configure the PC's Ethernet port on the same subnet as the Alstom switch. Select User or Admin mode. In User mode enter the user name as User, leave the password blank and click OK.
  • Page 564: Mirroring Function

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV 5.10.7 MIRRORING FUNCTION Port mirroring is a method of monitoring network traffic that forwards a copy of each incoming and outgoing packet from one port of the repeater to another port where the data can be studied. Port mirroring is managed locally and a network administrator uses it as a diagnostic tool.
  • Page 565: Simple Network Management Protocol (Snmp)

    Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a network protocol designed to manage devices in an IP network. The MiCOM P40 Modular products can provide up to two SNMP interfaces on Ethernet models; one to the IED’s Main Processor for device level status information, and another directly to the redundant Ethernet board (where applicable) for specific Ethernet network level information.
  • Page 566: Redundant Ethernet Board Mib Structure

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Address Name Trigger Trap? Date Time IRIG-B Status Battery Status Active Sync source SNTP Server 1 SNTP Server 2 SNTP Status PTP Status System Alarms Invalid Message Format Main Protection Fail Comms Changed Max Prop. Alarm 9-2 Sample Alarm 9-2LE Cfg Alarm Battery Fail...
  • Page 567 P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Address Name mgmt Mib-2 sysDescr sysUpTime sysName Remote Monitoring RMON statistics etherstat etherStatsEntry etherStatsUndersizePkts etherStatsOversizePkts etherStatsJabbers etherStatsCollisions etherStatsPkts64Octets etherStatsPkts65to127Octets etherStatsPkts128to255Octets etherStatsPkts256to511Octets etherStatsPkts512to1023Octets MIB structure for PRP/HSR Address Name Standard 62439 IECHighavailibility linkRedundancyEntityObjects lreConfiguration lreConfigurationGeneralGroup lreManufacturerName lreInterfaceCount lreConfigurationInterfaceGroup lreConfigurationInterfaces...
  • Page 568 Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Address Name lreMacAddressB lreAdapterAdminStateA lreAdapterAdminStateB lreLinkStatusA lreLinkStatusB lreDuplicateDiscard lreTransparentReception lreHsrLREMode lreSwitchingEndNode lreRedBoxIdentity lreSanA lreSanB lreEvaluateSupervision lreNodesTableClear lreProxyNodeTableClear lreStatistics lreStatisticsInterfaceGroup lreStatisticsInterfaces lreInterfaceStatsTable lreInterfaceStatsIndex lreCntTotalSentA lreCntTotalSentB lreCntErrWrongLANA lreCntErrWrongLANB lreCntReceivedA lreCntReceivedB lreCntErrorsA lreCntErrorsB lreCntNodes IreOwnRxCntA IreOwnRxCntB lreProxyNodeTable lreProxyNodeEntry reProxyNodeIndex reProxyNodeMacAddress Internet...
  • Page 569 P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Address Name sysName sysServices interfaces ifTable ifEntry ifIndex ifDescr ifType ifMtu ifSpeed ifPhysAddress ifAdminStatus ifOpenStatus ifLastChange ifInOctets ifInUcastPkts ifInNUcastPkts ifInDiscards ifInErrors ifInUnknownProtos ifOutOctets ifOutUcastPkts ifOutNUcastPkts ifOutDiscards ifOutErrors ifOutQLen ifSpecific rmon statistics etherStatsTable etherStatsEntry etherStatsIndex etherStatsDataSource etherStatsDropEvents etherStatsOctets etherStatsPkts...
  • Page 570: Accessing The Mib

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Address Name etherStatsCollisions etherStatsPkts64Octets etherStatsPkts65to127Octets etherStatsPkts128to255Octets etherStatsPkts256to511Octets etherStatsPkts512to1023Octets etherStatsPkts1024to1518Octets etherStatsOwner etherStatsStatus ACCESSING THE MIB Various SNMP client software tools can be used. We recommend using an SNMP MIB browser, which can perform the basic SNMP operations such as GET, GETNEXT and RESPONSE. Note: There are two IP addresses visible when communicating with the Redundant Ethernet Card via the fibre optic ports: Use the one for the IED itself to the Main Processor SNMP interface, and use the one for the on-board Ethernet switch to access the...
  • Page 571 P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Authentication is used to check the identity of users, privacy allows for encryption of SNMP messages. Both are optional, however you must enable authentication in order to enable privacy. To configure these security options: If SNMPv3 has been enabled, set the Security Level setting. There are three levels; without authentication and without privacy (noAuthNoPriv), with authentication but without privacy (authNoPriv), and with authentication and with privacy (authPriv).
  • Page 572: Data Protocols

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV DATA PROTOCOLS The products supports a wide range of protocols to make them applicable to many industries and applications. The exact data protocols supported by a particular product depend on its chosen application, but the following table gives a list of the data protocols that are typically available.
  • Page 573: Courier Database

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications 7.1.2 COURIER DATABASE The Courier database is two-dimensional and resembles a table. Each cell in the database is referenced by a row and column address. Both the column and the row can take a range from 0 to 255 (0000 to FFFF Hexadecimal. Addresses in the database are specified as hexadecimal values, for example, 0A02 is column 0A row 02.
  • Page 574 Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV 7.1.5.1 AUTOMATIC EVENT RECORD EXTRACTION This method is intended for continuous extraction of event and fault information as it is produced. It is only supported through the rear Courier port. When new event information is created, the Event bit is set in the Status byte. This indicates to the Master device that event information is available.
  • Page 575: Disturbance Record Extraction

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications The Menu Database contains tables of possible events, and shows how the contents of the above fields are interpreted. Fault and Maintenance records return a Courier Type 3 event, which contains the above fields plus two additional fields: ●...
  • Page 576: Courier Configuration

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV 7.1.9 COURIER CONFIGURATION To configure the device: Select the CONFIGURATION column and check that the Comms settings cell is set to Visible. Select the COMMUNICATIONS column. Move to the first cell down (RP1 protocol). This is a non-settable cell, which shows the chosen communication protocol –...
  • Page 577: Physical Connection And Link Layer

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Move down to the next cell (RP1 Port Config). This cell controls the type of serial connection. Select between K-Bus or RS485. COMMUNICATIONS RP1 Port Config K-Bus If using EIA(RS)485, the next cell (RP1 Comms Mode) selects the communication mode. The choice is either IEC 60870 FT1.2 for normal operation with 11-bit modems, or 10-bit no parity.
  • Page 578: Initialisation

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV The IED address and baud rate can be selected using the front panel menu or by the settings application software. 7.2.2 INITIALISATION Whenever the device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have been changed a reset command is required to initialize the communications.
  • Page 579: Test Mode

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications 7.2.8 TEST MODE It is possible to disable the device output contacts to allow secondary injection testing to be performed using either the front panel menu or the front serial port. The IEC 60870-5-103 standard interprets this as ‘test mode’. An event will be produced to indicate both entry to and exit from test mode.
  • Page 580: Dnp

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Move down to the next cell (RP1 Meas Period). The next cell down controls the period between IEC 60870-5-103 measurements. The IEC 60870-5-103 protocol allows the IED to supply measurements at regular intervals. The interval between measurements is controlled by this cell, and can be set between 1 and 60 seconds.
  • Page 581: Object 1 Binary Inputs

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Several connection options are available for DNP 3.0 Rear Port 1 (RP1) - for permanent SCADA connection via RS485 ● ● Optional fibre port (RP1 in slot A) - for permanent SCADA connection via optical fibre An RJ45 connection on an optional Ethernet board - for permanent SCADA Ethernet connection ●...
  • Page 582: Object 20 Binary Counters

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV DNP Latch DNP Latch DNP Latch DNP Latch Control Input (Latched) Aliased Control Input (Latched) Control Input (Pulsed ) Aliased Control Input (Pulsed ) The pulse width is equal to the duration of one protection iteration V01002 Figure 281: Control input behaviour Many of the IED’s functions are configurable so some of the Object 10 commands described in the following...
  • Page 583: Object 40 Analogue Output

    7.3.8 DNP3 DEVICE PROFILE This section describes the specific implementation of DNP version 3.0 within General Electric MiCOM P40 Agile IEDs for both compact and modular ranges. The devices use the DNP 3.0 Slave Source Code Library version 3 from Triangle MicroWorks Inc.
  • Page 584 Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV DNP 3.0 Device Profile Document Models Covered: All models Highest DNP Level Supported*: For Requests: Level 2 *This is the highest DNP level FULLY supported. Parts of level 3 are For Responses: Level 2 also supported Device Function: Slave Notable objects, functions, and/or qualifiers supported in addition to the highest DNP levels supported (the complete list is described in the...
  • Page 585 P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications DNP 3.0 Device Profile Document Direct Operate: Always Direct Operate - No Ack: Always Count > 1 Never Pulse On Always Pulse Off Sometimes Latch On Always Latch Off Always Queue Never Clear Queue Never Note: Paired Control points will accept Pulse On/Trip and Pulse On/Close, but only single point will accept the Pulse Off control command.
  • Page 586 Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Request Response Object (Library will parse) (Library will respond with) Function Codes (dec) Qualifier Codes Function Codes Qualifier Codes (hex) Object Variation Description (dec) Number Number (hex) Binary Input Change - Any (read) (no range, or all) Variation 07, 08 (limited qty)
  • Page 587 P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Request Response Object (Library will parse) (Library will respond with) Function Codes (dec) Qualifier Codes Function Codes Qualifier Codes (hex) Object Variation Description (dec) Number Number (hex) 16-Bit Frozen Counter without Flag 1 (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 129 response 00, 01...
  • Page 588 Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Request Response Object (Library will parse) (Library will respond with) Function Codes (dec) Qualifier Codes Function Codes Qualifier Codes (hex) Object Variation Description (dec) Number Number (hex) Analog Input Deadband (Variation (read) 00, 01 (start-stop) 0 is used to request default (no range, or all) variation)
  • Page 589 P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Request Response Object (Library will parse) (Library will respond with) Function Codes (dec) Qualifier Codes Function Codes Qualifier Codes (hex) Object Variation Description (dec) Number Number (hex) (assign class) (no range, or all) File Event - Any Variation (read) (no range, or all) 07, 08...
  • Page 590 Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Indication Description Supported Set when data that has been configured as Class 1 data is ready to be sent to the master. Class 1 data available The master station should request this class data from the relay when this bit is set in a response.
  • Page 591: Dnp3 Configuration

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Code Number Identifier Name Description Success The received request has been accepted, initiated, or queued. The request has not been accepted because the ‘operate’ message was received after the arm timer (Select Before Operate) timed out. Timeout The arm timer was started when the select operation for the same point was received.
  • Page 592: Iec 61850

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Move down to the next cell (RP1 Parity). This cell controls the parity format used in the data frames. The parity can be set to be one of None, Odd or Even. Make sure that the parity format selected on the IED is the same as that set on the master station.
  • Page 593: Benefits Of Iec 61850

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications 7.4.1 BENEFITS OF IEC 61850 The standard provides: Standardised models for IEDs and other equipment within the substation ● Standardised communication services (the methods used to access and exchange data) ● Standardised formats for configuration files ●...
  • Page 594: Iec 61850 In Micom Ieds

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV Data Attributes stVal Data Objects Logical Nodes : 1 to n LN1: XCBR LN2: MMXU Logical Device : IEDs 1 to n Physical Device (network address) V01008 Figure 282: Data model layers in IEC 61850 The levels of this hierarchy can be described as follows: Data Frame format Layer...
  • Page 595: Iec 61850 Data Model Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications The IEC 61850 compatible interface standard provides capability for the following: Read access to measurements ● ● Refresh of all measurements at the rate of once per second. Generation of non-buffered reports on change of status or measurement ●...
  • Page 596: Ethernet Functionality

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV INT8 ● UINT16 ● UINT32 ● UINT8 ● 7.4.8.1 IEC 61850 GOOSE CONFIGURATION All GOOSE configuration is performed using the IEC 61850 Configurator tool available in the MiCOM S1 Agile software application. All GOOSE publishing configuration can be found under the GOOSE Publishing tab in the configuration editor window.
  • Page 597: Iec 61850 Edition 2

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications Any new configuration sent to the IED is automatically stored in the inactive configuration bank, therefore not immediately affecting the current configuration. Following an upgrade, the IEC 61850 Configurator tool can be used to transmit a command, which authorises activation of the new configuration contained in the inactive configuration bank.
  • Page 598: Figure 283: Edition 2 System - Backward Compatibility

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV V01056 Figure 283: Edition 2 system - backward compatibility An Edition 2 IED cannot normally operate within an Edition 1 IEC 61850 system. An Edition 2 IED can work for GOOSE messaging in a mixed system, providing the client is compatible with Edition 2. V01057 Figure 284: Edition 1 system - forward compatibility issues 7.4.11.2...
  • Page 599: Figure 285: Example Of Standby Ied

    Curve shape setting (CSG) ● Of these, only ENS and ENC types are available from a MiCOM P40 IED when publishing GOOSE messages, so Data Objects using these Common Data Classes should not be published in mixed Edition 1 and Edition 2 systems.
  • Page 600: Figure 286: Standby Ied Activation Process

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV V01060 Figure 286: Standby IED Activation Process The following sequence would occur under this scenario: During the installation phase, a spare standby IED is installed in the substation. This can remain inactive, until it is needed to replace functions in one of several bays. The device is connected to the process bus, but does not have any subscriptions enabled.
  • Page 601: Read Only Mode

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications READ ONLY MODE With IEC 61850 and Ethernet/Internet communication capabilities, security has become an important issue. For this reason, all relevant General Electric IEDs have been adapted to comply with the latest cyber-security standards. In addition to this, a facility is provided which allows you to enable or disable the communication interfaces. This feature is available for products using Courier, IEC 60870-5-103, or IEC 61850.
  • Page 602: Iec 61850 Protocol Blocking

    Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV The following commands are still allowed: Read settings, statuses, measurands ● ● Read records (event, fault, disturbance) Time Synchronisation ● Change active setting group ● IEC 61850 PROTOCOL BLOCKING If Read-Only Mode is enabled for the Ethernet interfacing with IEC 61850, the following commands are blocked at the interface: All controls, including: ●...
  • Page 603: Time Synchronisation

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications TIME SYNCHRONISATION In modern protection schemes it is necessary to synchronise the IED's real time clock so that events from different devices can be time stamped and placed in chronological order. This is achieved in various ways depending on the chosen options and communication protocols.
  • Page 604: Sntp

    IEEE 1588 PRECISION TIME PROTOCOL The MiCOM P40 modular products support the IEEE C37.238 (Power Profile) of IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) as a slave-only clock. This can be used to replace or supplement IRIG-B and SNTP time synchronisation so that the IED can be synchronised using Ethernet messages from the substation LAN without any additional physical connections being required.
  • Page 605: Ptp Domains

    P446SV Chapter 21 - Communications When using end-to-end mode, the IED can be connected in a ring or line topology using RSTP or Self Healing Protocol without any additional Transparent Clocks. But because the IED is a slave-only device, additional inaccuracy is introduced.
  • Page 606 Chapter 21 - Communications P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 607: Chapter 22 Cyber-Security

    CHAPTER 22 CYBER-SECURITY...
  • Page 608 Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 609: Overview

    P446SV Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security OVERVIEW In the past, substation networks were traditionally isolated and the protocols and data formats used to transfer information between devices were often proprietary. For these reasons, the substation environment was very secure against cyber-attacks. The terms used for this inherent type of security are: Security by isolation (if the substation network is not connected to the outside world, it cannot be accessed ●...
  • Page 610: The Need For Cyber-Security

    Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV THE NEED FOR CYBER-SECURITY Cyber-security provides protection against unauthorised disclosure, transfer, modification, or destruction of information or information systems, whether accidental or intentional. To achieve this, there are several security requirements: Confidentiality (preventing unauthorised access to information) ●...
  • Page 611: Standards

    P446SV Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security STANDARDS There are several standards, which apply to substation cyber-security. The standards currently applicable to General Electric IEDs are NERC and IEEE1686. Standard Country Description NERC CIP (North American Electric Reliability Framework for the protection of the grid critical Cyber Assets Corporation) BDEW (German Association of Energy and Water Requirements for Secure Control and Telecommunication...
  • Page 612: Cip 002

    Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV 3.1.1 CIP 002 CIP 002 concerns itself with the identification of: Critical assets, such as overhead lines and transformers ● Critical cyber assets, such as IEDs that use routable protocols to communicate outside or inside the ●...
  • Page 613: Cip 007

    P446SV Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security Power utility responsibilities: General Electric's contribution: Provide physical security controls and perimeter monitoring. General Electric cannot provide additional help with this aspect. Ensure that people who have access to critical cyber assets don’t have criminal records. 3.1.6 CIP 007 CIP 007 covers the following points:...
  • Page 614 Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV IED functions and features are assigned to different password levels. The assignment is fixed. ● The audit trail is recorded, listing events in the order in which they occur, held in a circular buffer. ● Records contain all defined fields from the standard and record all defined function event types where the ●...
  • Page 615: Cyber-Security Implementation

    P446SV Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security CYBER-SECURITY IMPLEMENTATION The General Electric IEDs have always been and will continue to be equipped with state-of-the-art security measures. Due to the ever-evolving communication technology and new threats to security, this requirement is not static. Hardware and software security measures are continuously being developed and implemented to mitigate the associated threats and risks.
  • Page 616: Four-Level Access

    Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV NERC compliant banner NERC Compliance NERC Compliance Warning Warning System Current Access Level Measurements System Voltage System Frequency Measurements System Power Plant Reference Measurements Description Date & Time V00403 Figure 289: Default display navigation FOUR-LEVEL ACCESS The menu structure contains four levels of access, three of which are password protected.
  • Page 617: Blank Passwords

    P446SV Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security Level Meaning Read Operation Write Operation All items writeable at level 1. Setting Cells that change visibility (Visible/Invisible). Setting Values (Primary/Secondary) selector Commands: Read All All data and settings are readable. Reset Indication Write Some Poll Measurements Reset Demand Reset Statistics...
  • Page 618: Password Rules

    Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV 4.2.2 PASSWORD RULES Default passwords are blank for Level 1 and are AAAA for Levels 2 and 3 ● Passwords may be any length between 0 and 8 characters long ● Passwords may or may not be NERC compliant ●...
  • Page 619: Password Validation

    P446SV Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security 4.3.2 PASSWORD VALIDATION The IED checks for NERC compliance. If the password is entered through the front panel, this is briefly displayed on the LCD. If the entered password is NERC compliant, the following text is displayed. NERC COMPLIANT P/WORD WAS SAVED If the password entered is not NERC-compliant, the user is required to actively confirm this, in which case the non-...
  • Page 620: Password Recovery

    Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV If you try to enter the password while the interface is blocked, the following message is displayed for 2 seconds. NOT ACCEPTED ENTRY IS BLOCKED A similar response occurs if you try to enter the password through a communications port. The parameters can then be configured using the Attempts Limit, Attempts Timer and Blocking Timer settings in the SECURITY CONFIG column.
  • Page 621: Password Encryption

    P446SV Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security On this action, the following message is displayed: PASSWORDS HAVE BEEN SET TO DEFAULT The recovery password can be applied through any interface, local or remote. It will achieve the same result irrespective of which interface it is applied through. 4.4.2 PASSWORD ENCRYPTION The IED supports encryption for passwords entered remotely.
  • Page 622: Security Events Management

    Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV The following protocols can be disabled: IEC 61850 (IEC61850 setting) ● ● DNP3 Over Ethernet (DNP3 OE setting) Courier Tunnelling (Courier Tunnel setting) ● Note: If any of these protocols are enabled or disabled, the Ethernet card will reboot. SECURITY EVENTS MANAGEMENT To implement NERC-compliant cyber-security, a range of Event records need to be generated.
  • Page 623 P446SV Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security Event Value Display DNP STNG D/LOAD DNP SETTINGS DOWNLOADED BY {int} TRACE DAT D/LOAD TRACE DATA DOWNLOADED BY {int} IED CONFG D/LOAD IEC61850 CONFIG DOWNLOADED BY {int} USER CRV D/LOAD USER CURVES DOWNLOADED BY {int} GROUP {crv} PSL CONFG D/LOAD PSL CONFIG DOWNLOADED BY {int} GROUP {grp}...
  • Page 624: Logging Out

    Chapter 22 - Cyber-Security P446SV crv is the Curve group number (1, 2, 3, 4) ● n is the new access level (0, 1, 2, 3) ● p is the password level (1, 2, 3) ● nov is the number of events (1 – nnn) ●...
  • Page 625: Chapter 23 Installation

    CHAPTER 23 INSTALLATION...
  • Page 626 Chapter 23 - Installation P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 627: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 23 - Installation CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter provides information about installing the product. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Handling the Goods Mounting the Device Cables and Connectors Case Dimensions P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 628: Handling The Goods

    Chapter 23 - Installation P446SV HANDLING THE GOODS Our products are of robust construction but require careful treatment before installation on site. This section discusses the requirements for receiving and unpacking the goods, as well as associated considerations regarding product care and personal safety. Caution: Before lifting or moving the equipment you should be familiar with the Safety Information chapter of this manual.
  • Page 629: Mounting The Device

    P446SV Chapter 23 - Installation MOUNTING THE DEVICE The products are dispatched either individually or as part of a panel or rack assembly. Individual products are normally supplied with an outline diagram showing the dimensions for panel cut-outs and hole centres. The products are designed so the fixing holes in the mounting flanges are only accessible when the access covers are open.
  • Page 630: Rack Mounting

    Chapter 23 - Installation P446SV Caution: Do not fasten products with pop rivets because this makes them difficult to remove if repair becomes necessary. RACK MOUNTING Panel-mounted variants can also be rack mounted using single-tier rack frames (our part number FX0021 101), as shown in the figure below.
  • Page 631 P446SV Chapter 23 - Installation Case size summation Blanking plate part number 15TE GJ2028 103 20TE GJ2028 104 25TE GJ2028 105 30TE GJ2028 106 35TE GJ2028 107 40TE GJ2028 108 P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 632: Cables And Connectors

    Chapter 23 - Installation P446SV CABLES AND CONNECTORS This section describes the type of wiring and connections that should be used when installing the device. For pin- out details please refer to the Hardware Design chapter or the wiring diagrams. Caution: Before carrying out any work on the equipment you should be familiar with the Safety Section and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label.
  • Page 633: Power Supply Connections

    P446SV Chapter 23 - Installation POWER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS These should be wired with 1.5 mm PVC insulated multi-stranded copper wire terminated with M4 ring terminals. The wire should have a minimum voltage rating of 300 V RMS. Caution: Protect the auxiliary power supply wiring with a maximum 16 A high rupture capacity (HRC) type NIT or TIA fuse.
  • Page 634: Irig-B Connection

    Chapter 23 - Installation P446SV IRIG-B CONNECTION The IRIG-B input and BNC connector have a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. We recommend that connections between the IRIG-B equipment and the product are made using coaxial cable of type RG59LSF with a halogen free, fire retardant sheath.
  • Page 635: Rs232 Connection

    P446SV Chapter 23 - Installation 4.11 RS232 CONNECTION Short term connections to the EIA(RS)232 port, located behind the bottom access cover, can be made using a screened multi-core communication cable up to 15 m long, or a total capacitance of 2500 pF. The cable should be terminated at the product end with a standard 9-pin D-type male connector.
  • Page 636: Case Dimensions

    Chapter 23 - Installation P446SV CASE DIMENSIONS Not all products are available in all case sizes. CASE DIMENSIONS 40TE Sealing strip 8 off holes Dia. 3.4 155.40 23.30 177.0 159.00 (4U) 483 (19” rack) 181.30 10.35 202.00 Flush mouting panel A = Clearance holes Panel cut-out details B = Mouting holes...
  • Page 637: Chapter 24 Commissioning Instructions

    CHAPTER 24 COMMISSIONING INSTRUCTIONS...
  • Page 638 Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 639: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview General Guidelines Commissioning Test Menu Commissioning Equipment Product Checks Electrical Intermicom Communication Loopback Intermicom 64 Communication Setting Checks IEC 61850 Edition 2 Testing Distance Protection Delta Directional Comparison DEF Aided Schemes Out of Step Protection...
  • Page 640: General Guidelines

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV GENERAL GUIDELINES General Electric IEDs are self-checking devices and will raise an alarm in the unlikely event of a failure. This is why the commissioning tests are less extensive than those for non-numeric electronic devices or electro-mechanical relays.
  • Page 641: Commissioning Test Menu

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions COMMISSIONING TEST MENU The IED provides several test facilities under the COMMISSION TESTS menu heading. There are menu cells that allow you to monitor the status of the opto-inputs, output relay contacts, internal Digital Data Bus (DDB) signals and user-programmable LEDs.
  • Page 642: Test Mode Cell

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV TEST MODE CELL This cell allows you to perform secondary injection testing. It also lets you test the output contacts directly by applying menu-controlled test signals. To go into test mode, select the Test Mode option in the Test Mode cell. This takes the IED out of service causing an alarm condition to be recorded and the Out of Service LED to illuminate.
  • Page 643: Static Test Mode

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions cycle. Once the trip output has operated the command text will revert to No Operation whilst the rest of the auto-reclose cycle is performed. To test subsequent three-phase autoreclose cycles, you repeat the Trip 3 Pole command.
  • Page 644: Im64 Test Pattern

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV 3.12 IM64 TEST PATTERN This cell is used with the IM64 Test Mode cell to set a 16-bit pattern (8 bits per channel), which is transmitted whenever the IM64 Test Mode cell is set to Enabled. The IM64 TestPattern cell has a binary string with one bit for each user-defined Inter-MiCOM command.
  • Page 645: Commissioning Equipment

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions COMMISSIONING EQUIPMENT Specialist test equipment is required to commission this product. We recognise three classes of equipment for commissioning : Recommended ● Essential ● Advisory ● Recommended equipment constitutes equipment that is both necessary, and sufficient, to verify correct performance of the principal protection functions.
  • Page 646: Advisory Test Equipment

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV Timer ● Test switches ● Suitable electrical test leads ● Continuity tester ● For products that use fibre-optic communications to implement unit protection schemes : Fibre optic test leads (minimum 2). 10m minimum length, multimode 50/125 µm or 62.5µm, OR single mode ●...
  • Page 647: Product Checks

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions PRODUCT CHECKS These product checks are designed to ensure that the device has not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is functioning correctly and that all input quantity measurements are within the stated tolerances. If the application-specific settings have been applied to the IED prior to commissioning, you should make a copy of the settings.
  • Page 648: Visual Inspection

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV 5.1.1 VISUAL INSPECTION Warning: Check the rating information under the top access cover on the front of the IED. Warning: Check that the IED being tested is correct for the line or circuit. Warning: Record the circuit reference and system details.
  • Page 649: Watchdog Contacts

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions 5.1.5 WATCHDOG CONTACTS Using a continuity tester, check that the Watchdog contacts are in the following states: Terminals Contact state with product de-energised 11 - 12 on power supply board Closed 13 - 14 on power supply board Open 5.1.6 POWER SUPPLY...
  • Page 650: Test Lcd

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV Terminals Contact state with product energised 13 - 14 on power supply board Closed 5.2.2 TEST LCD The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is designed to operate in a wide range of substation ambient temperatures. For this purpose, the IEDs have an LCD Contrast setting.
  • Page 651: Test Leds

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions 5.2.4 TEST LEDS On power-up, all LEDs should first flash yellow. Following this, the green "Healthy" LED should illuminate indicating that the device is healthy. The IED's non-volatile memory stores the states of the alarm, the trip, and the user-programmable LED indicators (if configured to latch).
  • Page 652: Test Serial Communication Port Rp1

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV Measure the resistance of the contacts in the closed state. Reset the output relay by setting the Contact Test cell to Remove Test. Repeat the test for the remaining output relays. Return the IED to service by setting the Test Mode cell in the COMMISSION TESTS menu to Disabled. 5.2.10 TEST SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORT RP1 You need only perform this test if the IED is to be accessed from a remote location with a permanent serial...
  • Page 653: Test Serial Communication Port Rp2

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions RS232 K-Bus Computer RS232-USB converter KITZ protocol converter V01001 Figure 295: Remote communication using K-bus Fibre Connection Some models have an optional fibre optic communications port fitted (on a separate communications board). The communications port to be used is selected by setting the Physical Link cell in the COMMUNICATIONS column, the values being Copper or K-Bus for the RS485/K-bus port and Fibre Optic for the fibre optic port.
  • Page 654: Secondary Injection Tests

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV If there is no board fitted or the board is faulty, a NIC link alarm will be raised (providing this option has been set in the NIC Link Report cell in the COMMUNICATIONS column). SECONDARY INJECTION TESTS Secondary injection testing is carried out to verify the integrity of the VT and CT readings.
  • Page 655 P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions The measurement accuracy of the IED is +/- 1%. However, an additional allowance must be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used. P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 656: Electrical Intermicom Communication Loopback

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV ELECTRICAL INTERMICOM COMMUNICATION LOOPBACK If the IED is used in a scheme with standard InterMiCOM communication (Electrical Teleprotection), you need to configure a loopback for testing purposes. SETTING UP THE LOOPBACK The communication path may include various connectors and signal converters before leaving the substation. We therefore advise making the loopback as close as possible to where the communication link leaves the substation.
  • Page 657: Intermicom Command Bits

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions 6.2.1 INTERMICOM COMMAND BITS To test the InterMiCOM command bits, go to the INTERMICOM COMMS column and do the following: Enter any test pattern in the Test Pattern cell in the by scrolling through and changing selected bits between 1 and 0.
  • Page 658: Intermicom 64 Communication

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV INTERMICOM 64 COMMUNICATION If the IED is used in a scheme with InterMiCOM communication, you need to configure a loopback for testing purposes. IM64 is fibre-based. Several different fibre-optic interfaces are available. In general, 1300 nm fibres are used for direct connection (these may be single mode or multimode).
  • Page 659: Setting Up The Loopback

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions SETTING UP THE LOOPBACK Set up a communications loopback for each of the two channels. Where direct fibre connections are used (or where multiplexer channels conforming to the IEEE C37.94 standard are used), connect an appropriate fibre-optic cable from the channel transmitter to the channel receiver port on the rear of the device.
  • Page 660: Setting Checks

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV SETTING CHECKS The setting checks ensure that all of the application-specific settings (both the IED’s function and programmable scheme logic settings) have been correctly applied. Note: If applicable, the trip circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental operation of the associated circuit breaker.
  • Page 661 P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions Press the Enter key to confirm the new setting value or the Clear key to discard it. The new setting is automatically discarded if it is not confirmed within 15 seconds. For protection group settings and disturbance recorder settings, the changes must be confirmed before they are used.
  • Page 662: Iec 61850 Edition 2 Testing

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV IEC 61850 EDITION 2 TESTING USING IEC 61850 EDITION 2 TEST MODES In a conventional substation, functionality typically resides in a single device. It is usually easy to physically isolate these functions, as the hardwired connects can simply be removed. Within a digital substation architecture however, functions may be distributed across many devices.
  • Page 663: Simulated Input Behaviour

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions SV Test Mode Setting Result Normal IED behaviour ● All sampled value data frames received with an IEC 61850 Test quality bit set ● are treated as invalid Disabled The IED will display the measurement values for sampled values with the ●...
  • Page 664: Test Procedure For Real Values

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV 9.3.1 TEST PROCEDURE FOR REAL VALUES This procedure is for testing with real values without operating plant. Set device into 'Contacts Blocked' Mode Select COMMISSION TESTS ® IED Test Mode ® Contacts Blocked Confirm new behaviour has been enabled View COMMISSION TESTS ®...
  • Page 665: Test Procedure For Simulated Values - With Plant

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions If using sampled values set the sampled values test mode Select IEC 61850-9.2LE ® SV Test Mode ® Enabled Inject simulated signals using a test device connected to the Ethernet network. The device will continue to listen to ‘real’...
  • Page 666: Contact Test

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV V01064 Figure 300: Test example 3 9.3.4 CONTACT TEST The Apply Test command in this cell is used to change the state of the contacts set for operation. If the device has been put into 'Contact Blocked' mode using an input signal (via the Block Contacts DDB signal) then the Apply Test command will not execute.
  • Page 667: Distance Protection

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions DISTANCE PROTECTION 10.1 SINGLE-ENDED TESTING If the distance protection function is being used, test the reaches and time delays. Check for any possible dependency conditions and simulate as appropriate In the CONFIGURATION column, disable all protection elements other than the one being tested Make a note of which elements need to be re-enabled after testing 10.1.1 PRELIMINARIES...
  • Page 668: Zone 2 Reach Check

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV 10.1.3 ZONE 2 REACH CHECK The zone 2 element is set to be directional forward. Apply a dynamic B-C fault, slightly in excess of the expected reach. The duration of the injection should be in excess of the tZ2 timer setting, but less than tZ3.
  • Page 669: Resistive Reach

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions 10.1.7 RESISTIVE REACH This is for quadrilateral characteristics only. Check that the correct settings for phase and ground element resistive reaches have been applied. The relevant settings are: R1Ph, R2Ph, R3Ph, R3Ph reverse, R4Ph and RP Ph for phase fault zones. ●...
  • Page 670: Time Delay Settings

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV The average of the recorded operating times for the three phases should typically be less than 20 ms for 50 Hz, and less than 16.7 ms for 60 Hz when set for instantaneous operation. Note: Where a non-zero time delay is set in the DISTANCE menu column, the expected operating time is typically within +/- 5% of the delay setting plus the “instantaneous”...
  • Page 671: Scheme Trip Test For Zone 1 Extension

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions IED RESPONSE Forward fault in Forward fault at end of line Fault type simulated Reverse fault in zone 4 zone 1 (within Z1X/Z2) Trip, Permissive Scheme No Trip, No Signal No Trip, No Signal No Trip, No Signal Trip, Signal Send Trip, Signal Send...
  • Page 672: Signal Send Test For Permissive Schemes

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV 10.3.4 SIGNAL SEND TEST FOR PERMISSIVE SCHEMES This test applies to both Permissive Underreach, and Permissive Overreach scheme applications. Reconnect the test set so that the timer is no longer stopped by the Trip contact, but is now stopped by the Signal Send contact.
  • Page 673: Delta Directional Comparison

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions DELTA DIRECTIONAL COMPARISON 11.1 SINGLE-ENDED TESTING If the delta directional comparison aided scheme is being used, test the operation In the CONFIGURATION column, disable all protection elements other than the one being tested. Make a note of which elements need to be re-enabled after testing 11.1.1 PRELIMINARIES Use a three-phase digital/electronic injection test set to make the commissioning procedure easier.
  • Page 674: Operation And Contact Assignment

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV Ia = 3 (Dir. I Fwd)Ð-θ Line Phases B and C should retain their healthy pre-fault voltage, and no current. The duration of injection should be set to 100 ms longer than the Aid. 1 Delta Dly, Aid. 2 Delta Dly time setting. 11.2 OPERATION AND CONTACT ASSIGNMENT You should inject a forward fault with the intention of causing a scheme trip.
  • Page 675: Delta Protection Scheme Testing

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions 11.3 DELTA PROTECTION SCHEME TESTING 11.3.1 SIGNAL SEND TEST FOR PERMISSIVE SCHEMES Reconnect the test set so that the timer is no longer stopped by the Trip contact, but is now stopped by the Signal Send contact.
  • Page 676: Def Aided Schemes

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV DEF AIDED SCHEMES 12.1 EARTH CURRENT PILOT SCHEME Check for any possible dependency conditions and simulate as appropriate. In the CONFIGURATION column, disable all protection elements other than the one being tested. Make a note of which elements need to be re-enabled after testing. We assume a conventional signalling scheme implementation.
  • Page 677: Forward Fault Trip Test

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions 12.1.3 FORWARD FAULT TRIP TEST A forward fault is now injected as described, with the intention to cause a scheme trip. For a permissive scheme, the Signal Receive opto-input should be energised. This is done by applying a continuous DC voltage onto the required opto-input, either from the test set, station battery, or IED field voltage.
  • Page 678: Out Of Step Protection

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV OUT OF STEP PROTECTION For this test, an injection set with a state sequencer function is required, as dynamic impedance conditions are going to be tested. The four states impedances that applied during the Out of Step commissioning process are shown below: State 4 State 3...
  • Page 679: Predictive Ost Setting

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions Note: The angle in the table above is the angle between voltages and their respective currents. In state 4 the currents are displaced 180° from their respective voltages. 13.2 PREDICTIVE OST SETTING Clear all alarms. Set the OST timer to zero.
  • Page 680: Protection Timing Checks

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV PROTECTION TIMING CHECKS There is no need to check every protection function. Only one protection function needs to be checked as the purpose is to verify the timing on the processor is functioning correctly. 14.1 OVERCURRENT CHECK If the overcurrent protection function is being used, test the overcurrent protection for stage 1.
  • Page 681 P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions Operating time at twice current setting and time multiplier/ Characteristic time dial setting of 1.0 Nominal (seconds) Range (seconds) I>1 Time Delay setting Setting ±2% IEC S Inverse 10.03 9.53 - 10.53 IEC V Inverse 13.50 12.83 - 14.18 IEC E Inverse...
  • Page 682: System Check And Check Synchronism

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV SYSTEM CHECK AND CHECK SYNCHRONISM This function performs a comparison between the line voltage and the bus voltage. For a single circuit breaker application, there are two voltage inputs to compare: one from the voltage transformer input from the line side of the circuit breaker (Main VT) ●...
  • Page 683: Check Trip And Autoreclose Cycle

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions CHECK TRIP AND AUTORECLOSE CYCLE If the auto-reclose function is being used, the circuit breaker trip and auto reclose cycle can be tested automatically by using the application-specific settings. To test the trip and close operation without operating the breaker, the following conditions must be satisfied: ●...
  • Page 684: End-To-End Communication Tests

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV END-TO-END COMMUNICATION TESTS If the IED is being used in a scheme with InterMiCOM communications you must perform end-to-end testing of the protection communications channels. In this section all loopbacks are removed and satisfactory communications between line ends of the IEDs in the scheme are confirmed.
  • Page 685: Restoring C37.94 Fibre Connections

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions 17.1.2 RESTORING C37.94 FIBRE CONNECTIONS When restoring C37.94 fibre connections, check the optical power level received from both the IED and the C37.94 multiplexer. Remove the loopback test fibres and at both ends of each channel used. Reconnect the fibre optic cables for communications between IEDs and the C37.94 compatible multiplexer.
  • Page 686 Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV Clear the statistics and record the number of valid messages and the number of errored messages after a minimum period of 1 hour. Check that the ratio of errored/good messages is better than 10-4. Record the measured message propagation delays for channel 1, and channel 2 (if fitted).
  • Page 687: End-To-End Scheme Tests

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions END-TO-END SCHEME TESTS This section aims to check that the signalling channel is able to transmit the ON/OFF signals used in aided schemes between the remote line ends. Before testing, check that the channel is healthy. For example, if a power line carrier link is being used, it may not be possible to perform the tests until the protected circuit is in service.
  • Page 688 Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV 2. Return the device to service by setting COMMISSION TESTS > Test Mode to Disabled. P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 689: Onload Checks

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions ONLOAD CHECKS Warning: Onload checks are potentially very dangerous and may only be carried out by qualified and authorised personnel. Onload checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the energisation of the plant, and the other devices in the group have already been commissioned.
  • Page 690: On-Load Directional Test

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV If the Local Values cell is set to Secondary, the values displayed should be equal to the applied secondary voltage. The values should be within 1% of the applied secondary voltages. However, an additional allowance must be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
  • Page 691: Final Checks

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions FINAL CHECKS Remove all test leads and temporary shorting leads. If you have had to disconnect any of the external wiring in order to perform the wiring verification tests, replace all wiring, fuses and links in accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. The settings applied should be carefully checked against the required application-specific settings to ensure that they are correct, and have not been mistakenly altered during testing.
  • Page 692: Commmissioning The P59X

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV COMMMISSIONING THE P59X If you are setting up a scheme, which involves a P59x device, you will need to commission the P59x too. The following instructions describe the commissioning procedure for a P59x. 21.1 VISUAL INSPECTION Warning: Check the rating information under the top access cover on the front of the IED.
  • Page 693: P59X Leds

    P446SV Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P592 and P593 units operate from a DC auxiliary supply within the range of 19 V to 300 V. Without energizing the device, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it is within the operating range. The devices are designed to withstand an AC ripple component of up to 12% of the normal DC auxiliary supply.
  • Page 694: Loopback Test

    Chapter 24 - Commissioning Instructions P446SV 21.8 LOOPBACK TEST P591 It is necessary to loop the transmitted electrical G.703 signal presented on terminals 3 and 4 of the P591 to the received signal presented on terminals 7 and 8. If test links have been designed into the scheme to facilitate this they should be used. Alternatively, remove any external wiring from terminals 3, 4, 7 and 8 at the rear of each P591 unit.
  • Page 695: Chapter 25 Maintenance And Troubleshooting

    CHAPTER 25 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING...
  • Page 696 Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 697: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting CHAPTER OVERVIEW The Maintenance and Troubleshooting chapter provides details of how to maintain and troubleshoot products based on the Px4x and P40Agile platforms. Always follow the warning signs in this chapter. Failure to do so may result injury or defective equipment.
  • Page 698: Maintenance

    Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE CHECKS In view of the critical nature of the application, General Electric products should be checked at regular intervals to confirm they are operating correctly. General Electric products are designed for a life in excess of 20 years. The devices are self-supervising and so require less maintenance than earlier designs of protection devices.
  • Page 699: Replacing The Device

    P446SV Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting REPLACING THE DEVICE If your product should develop a fault while in service, depending on the nature of the fault, the watchdog contacts will change state and an alarm condition will be flagged. In the case of a fault, you can replace either the complete device or just the faulty PCB, identified by the in-built diagnostic software.
  • Page 700: Repairing The Device

    Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV Caution: If the top and bottom access covers have been removed, some more screws with smaller diameter heads are made accessible. Do NOT remove these screws, as they secure the front panel to the device. Note: There are four possible types of terminal block: RTD/CLIO input, heavy duty, medium duty, and MiDOS.
  • Page 701: Replacing Pcbs

    P446SV Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting Caution: Before removing the front panel, you should be familiar with the contents of the Safety Information section of this guide or the Safety Guide SFTY/4LM, as well as the ratings on the equipment’s rating label. To remove the front panel: Open the top and bottom access covers.
  • Page 702: Replacement Of Communications Boards

    Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV To replace the main processor board: Remove front panel. Place the front panel with the user interface face down and remove the six screws from the metallic screen, as shown in the figure below. Remove the metal plate. Remove the two screws either side of the rear of the battery compartment recess.
  • Page 703: Replacement Of The Input Module

    P446SV Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting Fit the replacement PCB carefully into the correct slot. Make sure it is pushed fully back and that the securing screws are refitted. Reconnect all connections at the rear. Refit the front panel. Refit and close the access covers then press the hinge assistance T-pieces so they click back into the front panel moulding.
  • Page 704: Replacement Of The I/O Boards

    Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV The power supply board is fastened to an output relay board with push fit nylon pillars. This doubled-up board is secured on the extreme left hand side, looking from the front of the unit. Remove front panel.
  • Page 705: Post Modification Tests

    P446SV Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting As part of the product's continuous self-monitoring, an alarm is given if the battery condition becomes poor. Nevertheless, you should change the battery periodically to ensure reliability. To replace the battery: Open the bottom access cover on the front of the relay. Gently remove the battery.
  • Page 706: Troubleshooting

    Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV TROUBLESHOOTING SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE The device includes several self-monitoring functions to check the operation of its hardware and software while in service. If there is a problem with the hardware or software, it should be able to detect and report the problem, and attempt to resolve the problem by performing a reboot.
  • Page 707: Out Of Service Led On At Power-Up

    P446SV Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting Test Check Action Error Code Identification The following text messages (in English) are displayed if a These messages indicate that a problem has been detected on the IED’s fundamental problem is detected, preventing the system main processor board in the front panel.
  • Page 708: Error Code During Operation

    Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV Test Check Action The VT type field in the model number is incorrect (no VTs fitted) ERROR CODE DURING OPERATION The IED performs continuous self-checking. If the IED detects an error it displays an error message, logs a maintenance record and after a short delay resets itself.
  • Page 709: Incorrect Analogue Signals

    P446SV Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting If the signal is correctly applied, this indicates failure of an opto-input, which may be situated on standalone opto- input board, or on an opto-input board that is part of the input module. Separate opto-input boards can simply be replaced.
  • Page 710: Ieee C37.94 Fail

    Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV 3.7.6 IEEE C37.94 FAIL This indicates a Signal Lost, a Path Yellow (indicating a fault on the communications channel) or a mismatch in the number of N*64 channels used on either channel 1 or channel 2. Further information can be found in the MEASUREMENTS 4 column.
  • Page 711 P446SV Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting Send the RMA form to your local contact For a list of local service contacts worldwide,visit the following web page: www.gegridsolutions.com/contact The local service contact provides the shipping information Your local service contact provides you with all the information needed to ship the product: Pricing details ○...
  • Page 712 Chapter 25 - Maintenance and Troubleshooting P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 713: Chapter 26 Technical Specifications

    CHAPTER 26 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS...
  • Page 714 Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 715: Chapter Overview

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter describes the technical specifications of the product. This chapter contains the following sections: Chapter Overview Interfaces Protection Functions Monitoring, Control and Supervision Measurements and Recording Ratings Input / Output Connections Mechanical Specifications Type Tests Environmental Conditions...
  • Page 716: Interfaces

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV INTERFACES FRONT SERIAL PORT Front serial port (SK1) For local connection to laptop for configuration purposes Standard EIA(RS)232 Designation Connector 9 pin D-type female connector Isolation Isolation to ELV level Protocol Courier Constraints Maximum cable length 15 m DOWNLOAD/MONITOR PORT Front download port (SK2) For firmware downloads or monitor connection...
  • Page 717: Optional Rear Serial Port (Sk5)

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications REAR SERIAL PORT 2 Optional rear serial port (RP2) For SCADA communications (multi-drop) Standard EIA(RS)485, K-bus, EIA(RS)232 Designation Connector 9 pin D-type female connector Cable Screened twisted pair (STP) Supported Protocols Courier Isolation Isolation to SELV level Constraints Maximum cable length 1000 m for RS485 and K-bus, 15 m for RS232 OPTIONAL REAR SERIAL PORT (SK5)
  • Page 718: Rear Ethernet Port Copper

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV IRIG-B Interface (Modulated) Isolation Isolation to SELV level Constraints Maximum cable length 10 m Input signal peak to peak, 200 mV to 20 mV Input impedance 6 k ohm at 1000 Hz Accuracy < +/- 1 s per day REAR ETHERNET PORT COPPER Rear Ethernet port using CAT 5/6/7 wiring Main Use...
  • Page 719: 100 Base Fx Transmitter Characteristics

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications 2.10.2 100 BASE FX TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit Output Optical Power BOL 62.5/125 µm -16.8 dBm avg. NA = 0.275 Fibre EOL Output Optical Power BOL 50/125 µm -22.5 -20.3 dBm avg. NA = 0.20 Fibre EOL -23.5 Optical Extinction Ratio...
  • Page 720: Protection Functions

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV PROTECTION FUNCTIONS DISTANCE PROTECTION Tripping characteristics Operating time versus reach percentage, for faults close to line angle. 50 Hz, SIR = 5 All quoted operating times include closure of the trip output contact Operating time versus reach percentage, for faults close to line angle.
  • Page 721: Out Of Step Protection

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications OUT OF STEP PROTECTION Accuracy Accuracy of zones and timers As per Distance Operating range Up to 7 Hz FIBRE TELEPROTECTION TRANSFER TIMES The table below shows the minimum and maximum transfer time for InterMiCOM64 (IM64). The times are measured from opto initialization (with no opto filtering) to relay standard output and include a small propagation delay for back-back test (2.7 ms for 64 kbits/s and 3.2 ms for 56 kbits/s).
  • Page 722: Transient Overreach And Overshoot

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV 3.6.1 TRANSIENT OVERREACH AND OVERSHOOT Additional tolerance due to increasing X/R ratios +/-5% over the X/R ratio of 1 to 90 Overshoot of overcurrent elements < 30 ms 3.6.2 PHASE OVERCURRENT DIRECTIONAL PARAMETERS Accuracy Directional boundary pickup (RCA +/-90%) +/-2°...
  • Page 723: Sensitive Earth Fault Protection

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT PROTECTION IDMT pick-up 1.05 x Setting +/-5% DT Pick-up Setting +/- 5% Drop-off (IDMT + DT) 0.95 x Setting +/-5% IDMT operate +/- 5% or 40 ms, whichever is greater* DT operate +/- 2% or 50 ms, whichever is greater DT reset Setting +/- 5% or 50 ms, whichever is greater...
  • Page 724: Npsoc Directional Parameters

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV 3.10.1 NPSOC DIRECTIONAL PARAMETERS Directional boundary pick-up (RCA +/-90%) +/-2° Directional boundary hysteresis < 1° Directional boundary repeatability < 1% 3.11 CIRCUIT BREAKER FAIL AND UNDERCURRENT PROTECTION I< Pick-up Setting +/- 10% or 0.025 In, whichever is greater I<...
  • Page 725: Monitoring, Control And Supervision

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications MONITORING, CONTROL AND SUPERVISION VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER SUPERVISION Fast block operation < 1 cycle Fast block reset < 1.5 cycles Time delay +/- 2% or 20 ms, whichever is greater STANDARD CURRENT TRANSFORMER SUPERVISION IN> Pick-up Setting +/- 5% VN<...
  • Page 726: Psl Timers

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV PSL TIMERS Output conditioner timer Setting +/- 2% or 50 ms, whichever is greater Dwell conditioner timer Setting +/- 2% or 50 ms, whichever is greater Pulse conditioner timer Setting +/- 2% or 50 ms, whichever is greater P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 727: Measurements And Recording

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications MEASUREMENTS AND RECORDING GENERAL General Measurement Accuracy General measurement accuracy Typically +/- 1%, but +/- 0.5% between 0.2 - 2 In/Vn Phase 0° to 360° +/- 0.5% Current (0.05 to 3 In) +/- 1.0% of reading, or 4mA (1A input), or 20mA (5A input) Voltage (0.05 to 2 Vn) +/- 1.0% of reading Frequency (45 to 65 Hz)
  • Page 728: Ratings

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV RATINGS AC MEASURING INPUTS AC Measuring Inputs Nominal frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz (settable) Operating range 45 to 65 Hz Phase rotation ABC or CBA CURRENT TRANSFORMER INPUTS AC Current Inputs Nominal current (In) 1A or 5A Nominal burden per phase <...
  • Page 729: Nominal Burden

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications Cortec option (DC only) 19 to 65 V DC Cortec option (rated for AC or DC operation) 37 to 150 V DC Maximum operating range 32 to 110 V AC rms Cortec option (rated for AC or DC operation) 87 to 300 V DC 80 to 265 V AC rms Frequency range for AC supply...
  • Page 730: Battery Backup

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV Note: Maximum loading = all inputs/outputs energised. Note: Quiescent or 1/2 loading = 1/2 of all inputs/outputs energised. BATTERY BACKUP Location Front panel Type 1/2 AA, 3.6V Lithium Thionyly Chloride Battery reference LS14250 Lifetime >...
  • Page 731: Input / Output Connections

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications INPUT / OUTPUT CONNECTIONS ISOLATED DIGITAL INPUTS Opto-isolated digital inputs (opto-inputs) Compliance ESI 48-4 Rated nominal voltage 24 to 250 V dc Operating range 19 to 265 V dc Withstand 300 V dc Recognition time with half-cycle ac <...
  • Page 732: High Break Output Contacts

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV Make, carry and break, dc inductive 0.5 A for 1 s, 10000 operations (subject to the above limits) Make, carry and break ac resistive 30 A for 200 ms, 2000 operations (subject to the above limits) Make, carry and break ac inductive 10 A for 1.5 s, 10000 operations (subject to the above limits) Loaded contact...
  • Page 733: Mechanical Specifications

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS PHYSICAL PARAMETERS 40TE Case Types* 60TE 80TE Weight (40TE case) 7 kg – 8 kg (depending on chosen options) Weight (60TE case) 9 kg – 12 kg (depending on chosen options) Weight (80TE case) 13 kg - 16 kg (depending on chosen options) Dimensions in mm (w x h x l) (40TE case) W: 206.0 mm H: 177.0 mm D: 243.1 mm...
  • Page 734: Type Tests

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV TYPE TESTS INSULATION Compliance IEC 60255-27: 2005 Insulation resistance > 100 M ohm at 500 V DC (Using only electronic/brushless insulation tester) CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES Compliance IEC 60255-27: 2005 Pollution degree Overvoltage category Impulse test voltage (not RJ45) 5 kV Impulse test voltage (RJ45)
  • Page 735: Environmental Conditions

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 10.1 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE RANGE Compliance IEC 60255-27: 2005 Test Method IEC 60068-2-1:2007 and IEC 60068-2-2 2007 Operating temperature range -25°C to +55°C (continuous) Storage and transit temperature range -25°C to +70°C (continuous) 10.2 TEMPERATURE ENDURANCE TEST Temperature Endurance Test...
  • Page 736: Electromagnetic Compatibility

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 11.1 1 MHZ BURST HIGH FREQUENCY DISTURBANCE TEST Compliance IEC 60255-22-1: 2008, Class III, IEC 60255-26:2013 Common-mode test voltage (level 3) 2.5 kV Differential test voltage (level 3) 1.0 kV 11.2 DAMPED OSCILLATORY TEST EN61000-4-18: 2011: Level 3, 100 kHz and 1 MHz.
  • Page 737: Surge Immunity Test

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications 11.6 SURGE IMMUNITY TEST Compliance IEC 61000-4-5: 2005 Level 4, IEC 60255-26:2013 Pulse duration Time to half-value: 1.2/50 µs Between all groups and protective earth conductor terminal Amplitude 4 kV Between terminals of each group (excluding communications ports, Amplitude 2 kV where applicable) 11.7...
  • Page 738: Magnetic Field Immunity

    Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV Test disturbance voltage 10 V rms Test using AM 1 kHz @ 80% Spot tests 27 MHz and 68 MHz 11.11 MAGNETIC FIELD IMMUNITY IEC 61000-4-8: 2009 Level 5 Compliance IEC 61000-4-9/10: 2001 Level 5 IEC 61000-4-8 test 100 A/m applied continuously, 1000 A/m applied for 3 s IEC 61000-4-9 test...
  • Page 739: Regulatory Compliance

    P446SV Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Compliance with the European Commission Directive on EMC and LVD is demonstrated using a technical file. 12.1 EMC COMPLIANCE: 2014/30/EU The product specific Declaration of Conformity (DoC) lists the relevant harmonised standard(s) or conformit assessment used to demonstrate compliance with the EMC directive.
  • Page 740 Chapter 26 - Technical Specifications P446SV Where: 'II' Equipment Group: Industrial. '(2)G' High protection equipment category, for control of equipment in gas atmospheres in Zone 1 and 2. This equipment (with parentheses marking around the zone number) is not itself suitable for operation within a potentially explosive atmosphere.
  • Page 741: Appendix A Ordering Options

    APPENDIX A ORDERING OPTIONS...
  • Page 742 Appendix A - Ordering Options P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 743 P446SV Appendix A - Ordering Options Variants Order No. Distance Protection P446 P446 Distance & Autoreclose for 2 Circuit Breakers Nominal auxiliary voltage 24-54 Vdc 48-125 Vdc (40-100 Vac) 110-250 Vdc (100-240 Vac) In/Vn rating In = 1A/5A ; Vn = 100-120Vac IEC 61850-9-2LE Sampled Analogue Values Ethernet board Only available with '74'/'80' Software Hardware options...
  • Page 744 Appendix A - Ordering Options P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 745: Appendix B Settings And Signals

    APPENDIX B SETTINGS AND SIGNALS...
  • Page 746 Appendix B - Settings and Signals P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 747 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION SYSTEM DATA This column contains general system settings English Francais Language English Deutsch Espanol [Indexed String] The default language used by the device. Selectable as English, French, German, Spanish. 4 registers for writing 8 character password Each register contains a pair of characters Each register is formatted as follows:-...
  • Page 748 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Close CB2 [Indexed String] Supports trip and close commands if enabled in the Circuit Breaker Control menu. No Operation Trip Close No Operation No Operation No Operation CB Trip/Close No Operation No Operation...
  • Page 749 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting Group via opto invalid Test Mode Enabled Static Test Mode Loop Back Test Enabled IM64 Test Enabled VTS Indication CTS Alarm CT2S Alarm Remote CTS Alarm Power Swing BF Block AR CB Monitor Alarm...
  • Page 750 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Indexed String] Displays the status of the next 32 alarms as a binary string. Data type G128 Battery Fail Field Volt Fail Rear Comm 2 Fail GOOSE IED Absent NIC Not Fitted NIC No Response NIC Fatal Error...
  • Page 751 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION second character of a pair Each character is in the Courier range 33 - 122 [Integer] Displays the level of cyber security implemented, 1 = phase 1. 4 registers for writing encrypted password Password Registers can contain any bit pattern.
  • Page 752 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Start I>3 Start I>4 Start IN1>1 Start IN1>2 Start IN1>3 Start IN1>4 Start ISEF>1 Start ISEF>2 Start ISEF>3 Start ISEF>4 Thermal Alarm Start NVD 1 Start NVD 2 Start I2>1 Start I2>2 Start I2>3...
  • Page 753 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Trip Z1 Trip Z2 Trip Z3 Trip ZP Trip Z4 Aid 1 Dist Trip Aid 1 Delta Trip Aid 1 DEF Trip Aided 1 WI Aid 2 Dist Trip Aid 2 Delta Trip Aid 2 DEF Trip Aided 2 WI...
  • Page 754 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Displays the status of the second 32 trip signals. CB Fail 1 CB Fail 2 A/R Trip 1 A/R Trip 2 A/R Trip 3 A/R Trip 4 A/R Trip 5 Fault Alarms CB2 Fail 1...
  • Page 755 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION IA Angle Pre Flt IA Angle Pre Flt [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter IA Angle Pre Flt IA Angle Pre Flt [Courier Number (degrees)] Measured parameter IB Angle Pre Flt IB Angle Pre Flt [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter...
  • Page 756 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Measured parameter IB Fault IB Fault [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter IB Angle Fault IB Angle Fault [Courier Number (degrees)] Measured parameter IC Fault IC Fault [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter IC Angle Fault IC Angle Fault...
  • Page 757 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (angle)] Measured parameter From 0 to 9 in steps of 1 Select Maint [Unsigned Integer (16 bits)] Range from 0 to 4. This selects the required maintenance report from the possible 5 that may be stored. A value of 0 corresponds to the latest report and so on.
  • Page 758 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Measured parameter IN Derived Angle IN Derived Angle [Courier Number (angle)] Measured parameter ISEF Magnitude ISEF Magnitude [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter ISEF Angle ISEF Angle [Courier Number (angle)] Measured parameter I1 Magnitude I1 Magnitude...
  • Page 759 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (voltage)] Measured parameter VCN Phase Angle VCN Phase Angle [Courier Number (angle)] Measured parameter V1 Magnitude V1 Magnitude [Courier Number (voltage)] Measured parameter V2 Magnitude V2 Magnitude [Courier Number (voltage)] Measured parameter...
  • Page 760 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION I0 Phase Angle I0 Phase Angle [Courier Number (angle)] Measured parameter V1 Magnitude V1 Magnitude [Courier Number (voltage)] Measured parameter V1 Phase Angle V1 Phase Angle [Courier Number (angle)] Measured parameter V2 Magnitude V2 Magnitude...
  • Page 761 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Measured parameter IA CT2 Phase Ang IA CT2 Phase Ang [Courier Number (angle)] Measured parameter IB CT2 Magnitude IB CT2 Magnitude [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter IB CT2 Phase Ang IB CT2 Phase Ang [Courier Number (angle)] Measured parameter...
  • Page 762 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Measured parameter BPh Power Factor BPh Power Factor [Courier Number (decimal)] Measured parameter CPh Power Factor CPh Power Factor [Courier Number (decimal)] Measured parameter 3Ph WHours Fwd 3Ph WHours Fwd [Courier Number (Wh)] Measured parameter...
  • Page 763 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter IC Peak Demand IC Peak Demand [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter Reset Demand [Indexed String] Measured parameter Thermal State Thermal State [Courier Number (percentage)] Measured parameter Reset Thermal [Indexed String]...
  • Page 764 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Measured parameter IM64 Rx Status IM64 Rx Status [Binary Flag (16) & Indexed String] Measured parameter STATISTICS Measured parameter Stats Reset on Stats Reset on [(Sub Heading)] Measured parameter Date/Time Date/Time...
  • Page 765 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Measured parameter CB C Operations CB C Operations [Unsigned Integer (16 bits)] Measured parameter Total IA Broken Total IA Broken [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter Total IB Broken Total IB Broken [Courier Number (current)] Measured parameter...
  • Page 766 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Reset All Values CB CONTROL This column controls the circuit Breaker Control configuration Disabled Local Remote Local+Remote CB Control by Disabled Opto Opto+local Opto+Remote Opto+Rem+local [Indexed String] Selects the type of circuit breaker control to be used From 0.1 to 10 in steps of 0.01 Close Pulse Time...
  • Page 767 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Setting to define the type of circuit breaker contacts that will be used for the circuit breaker control logic. Form A contacts match the status of the circuit breaker primary contacts, form B are opposite to the breaker status.
  • Page 768 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Unsigned Integer (16 bits)] Indicates the total number of CB1 failed reclose cycles Reset CB1 Shots [Indexed String] This command resets all CB1 shots counters to zero CB2 Total Shots CB2 Total Shots [Unsigned Integer (16 bits)]...
  • Page 769 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] if Enabled, allows reset of CB lockout state by selecting CB autoreclosing disabled Disabled Res LO by ExtDDB Disabled Enabled [Indexed String] if Enabled, allows reset of CB lockout state by external DDB input Disabled Res LO by TDelay Disabled...
  • Page 770 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Displays the status of IRIG-B Not Master Found Illegal Master PTP Status Valid master [Indexed String] IEC61850 or DNP3.0 over Ethernet versions only. Displays the status of PTP time synchronisation No Master Found = No PTP master can be found, the IED has not received a valid ‘Announce’...
  • Page 771 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION March April June July August September October November December [Indexed String] Setting to specify the month in which daylight saving time adjustment starts From 0 to 1425 in steps of 15 DST Start Mins [Courier Number (time-minutes)] Setting to specify the time of day in which daylight saving time adjustment starts.
  • Page 772 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION DNP3.0 over Ethernet versions only. Setting to specify if time synchronisation received will be local or universal time co-ordinate. Tunnel Time Zone Local [Indexed String] Ethernet versions only for tunnelled courier. Setting to specify if time synchronization received will be local or universal time co-ordinate CONFIGURATION This column contains all the general configuration options No Operation...
  • Page 773 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Settings Group 3. If the setting group is disabled from the configuration, then all associated settings and signals are hidden, with the exception of this setting (paste). Disabled Setting Group 4 Disabled...
  • Page 774 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Enabled [Indexed String] To enable (activate) or disable (turn off) the Rate of change of Frequency Protection function. df/dt> stages: ANSI 81R. Disabled CB Fail Disabled Enabled [Indexed String] To enable (activate) or disable (turn off) the Circuit Breaker Fail Protection function.
  • Page 775 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Activates the Control Input status and operation menu further on in the relay setting menu. Invisible Ctrl I/P Config Visible Visible [Indexed String] Sets the Control Input Configuration menu visible further on in the relay setting menu. Invisible Ctrl I/P Labels Visible...
  • Page 776 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 80*V2 to 140*V2 in steps of 1*V2 CB1 CS VT Sec'y [Courier Number (voltage)] Sets the CB1 check sync. voltage transformer input secondary voltage. From 100 to 1000000 in steps of 1 CB2 CS VT Prim'y [Courier Number (voltage)] Sets the CB2 check sync.
  • Page 777 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Phase angle difference between selected phase ("C/S Input" 0A 0F) of Line VT input and applied "CB2 CS" VT input voltage under healthy system conditions From 0.2 to 3 in steps of 0.01 CB2 CS VT Mag [Courier Number] Ratio of voltage magnitudes of selected phase ("C/S Input"...
  • Page 778 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION repetitive recurrent changes such as an Opto input assigned for Minute Pulse clock synchronizing. High order word of long stored in 1st register DDB 191 - 160 0xFFFFFFFF Low order word of long stored in 2nd register [Binary Flag (32-Bit)]...
  • Page 779 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION High order word of long stored in 1st register DDB 575 - 544 0xFFFFFFFF Low order word of long stored in 2nd register [Binary Flag (32-Bit)] Chooses whether any individual DDBs should be deselected as a stored event, by setting the relevant bit to 0 (zero). Typically used for repetitive recurrent changes such as an Opto input assigned for Minute Pulse clock synchronizing.
  • Page 780 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Low order word of long stored in 2nd register [Binary Flag (32-Bit)] Chooses whether any individual DDBs should be deselected as a stored event, by setting the relevant bit to 0 (zero). Typically used for repetitive recurrent changes such as an Opto input assigned for Minute Pulse clock synchronizing.
  • Page 781 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Binary Flag (32-Bit)] Chooses whether any individual DDBs should be deselected as a stored event, by setting the relevant bit to 0 (zero). Typically used for repetitive recurrent changes such as an Opto input assigned for Minute Pulse clock synchronizing. High order word of long stored in 1st register DDB 1375 - 1344 0xFFFFFFFF...
  • Page 782 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Chooses whether any individual DDBs should be deselected as a stored event, by setting the relevant bit to 0 (zero). Typically used for repetitive recurrent changes such as an Opto input assigned for Minute Pulse clock synchronizing. High order word of long stored in 1st register DDB 1759 - 1728 0xFFFFFFFF...
  • Page 783 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Single Trigger Mode Single Extended [Indexed String] If set to single mode, if a further trigger occurs whilst a recording is taking place, the recorder will ignore the trigger. However, if this has been set to Extended, the post trigger timer will be reset to zero, thereby extending the recording time.
  • Page 784 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION V Checksync V Checksync2 [Indexed String] Selects any available analogue input to be assigned to this channel (including derived IN residual current). IN Sensitive Analog Channel 5 V Checksync V Checksync2 [Indexed String]...
  • Page 785 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION IN Sensitive Analog Channel 8 IN Sensitive V Checksync V Checksync2 [Indexed String] Selects any available analogue input to be assigned to this channel (including derived IN residual current). See Data Type G32 in Menus Database Digital Input 1 Relay 1...
  • Page 786 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Any of the digital channels may be selected to trigger the disturbance recorder on either a low to high or a high to low transition. See Data Type G32 in Menus Database Digital Input 6 Relay 6 [Indexed String]...
  • Page 787 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Trigger L/H Trigger H/L [Indexed String] Any of the digital channels may be selected to trigger the disturbance recorder on either a low to high or a high to low transition. See Data Type G32 in Menus Database Digital Input 13 Relay 13...
  • Page 788 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION The digital channels may monitor any of the opto isolated inputs or output contacts, in addition to a number of internal relay digital signals, such as protection starts, LEDs etc. No Trigger Trigger L/H Input 19 Trigger...
  • Page 789 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION See Data Type G32 in Menus Database Digital Input 26 Opto Input 12 [Indexed String] The digital channels may monitor any of the opto isolated inputs or output contacts, in addition to a number of internal relay digital signals, such as protection starts, LEDs etc.
  • Page 790 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION V Checksync V Checksync2 [Indexed String] Selects any available analogue input to be assigned to this channel (including derived IN residual current). IN Sensitive Analog Channel10 V Checksync V Checksync2 [Indexed String] Selects any available analogue input to be assigned to this channel (including derived IN residual current).
  • Page 791 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION MEASURE'T SETUP This column contains settings for the measurement setup 3Ph + N Current 3Ph Voltage Power Date and Time Default Display Description Description Plant Reference Frequency Access Level [Indexed String] This setting can be used to select the default display from a range of options, note that it is also possible to view the other default displays...
  • Page 792 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Courier IEC870-5-103 RP1 Protocol Modbus DNP 3.0 [Indexed String] Indicates the communications protocol that will be used on the rear communications port. From 0 to 255 in steps of 1 RP1 Address [Unsigned Integer (16 bits)] Courier or IEC60870-5-103 versions only.
  • Page 793 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION commands will be ignored (i.e. CB Trip/Close, change setting group etc.). When in this mode the relay returns a “negative acknowledgement of command” message to the master station. K Bus OK EIA485 OK RP1 Card Status...
  • Page 794 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION IEC61850 versions only. Indicates the MAC address of the rear Ethernet port. From 1 to 30 in steps of 1 NIC Tunl Timeout [Courier Number (time-minutes)] IEC61850 versions only. Duration of time waited before an inactive tunnel to MiCOM S1 Studio is reset. Alarm Event NIC Link Report...
  • Page 795 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION DNP 3.0 over Ethernet versions only. Indicates the Subnet address NIC MAC Address NIC MAC Address Ethernet MAC Address [ASCII Text (17 chars)] DNP 3.0 over Ethernet versions only. Indicates the MAC address of the rear Ethernet port. Gateway Gateway 0.0.0.0...
  • Page 796 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Opto I/P Status Opto I/P Status [Binary Flag (32) Indexed String] This menu cell displays the status of the available relay’s opto-isolated inputs as a binary string, a ‘1’ indicating an energized opto-isolated input and a ‘0’...
  • Page 797 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION builds changes the Cause of Transmission, COT, to Test Mode. In Contacts Blocked Mode, only GOOSE messages and control service commands with a quality flat set to "test" will be processed as valid. Once testing is complete the cell must be set back to ‘Disabled’...
  • Page 798 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Trip Pole A Trip Pole B Trip Pole C [Indexed String] This is a command used to simulate a single pole or three phase tripping in order to test Auto-reclose cycle. Disabled Static Test Mode Disabled...
  • Page 799 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Displays the status of DDB signals DDB 223 - 192 DDB 223 - 192 [Binary Flag (32)] Displays the status of DDB signals DDB 255 - 224 DDB 255 - 224 [Binary Flag (32)] Displays the status of DDB signals...
  • Page 800 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Binary Flag (32)] Displays the status of DDB signals DDB 863 - 832 DDB 863 - 832 [Binary Flag (32)] Displays the status of DDB signals DDB 895 - 864 DDB 895 - 864 [Binary Flag (32)] Displays the status of DDB signals...
  • Page 801 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION DDB 1471 - 1440 DDB 1471 - 1440 [Binary Flag (32)] Displays the status of DDB signals DDB 1503 - 1472 DDB 1503 - 1472 [Binary Flag (32)] Displays the status of DDB signals DDB 1535 - 1504 DDB 1535 - 1504...
  • Page 802 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (current)] Setting that determines the threshold for the cumulative I^ lockout counter monitor. Set that should maintenance not be carried out, the relay can be set to lockout the auto-reclose function on reaching a second operations threshold. Alarm Disabled No.CB1 Ops Maint Alarm Disabled...
  • Page 803 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 1 to 25000 in steps of 1 CB2 I^ Lockout 2000 [Courier Number (current)] Setting that determines the threshold for the cumulative I^ lockout counter monitor. Set that should maintenance not be carried out, the relay can be set to lockout the auto-reclose function on reaching a second operations threshold.
  • Page 804 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION 110-125V 220-250V [Indexed String] Each opto input can individually be set to a nominal voltage value if custom is selected for the global setting. 24-27V 30-34V 48-54V Opto Input 2 24/27V 110-125V...
  • Page 805 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION 30-34V 48-54V 110-125V 220-250V [Indexed String] Each opto input can individually be set to a nominal voltage value if custom is selected for the global setting. The number of inputs may be up to 32, depending on MiCOM P54x model and I/O configuration.
  • Page 806 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION up to 32, depending on MiCOM P54x model and I/O configuration. Opto 1 Input State Opto 2 Input State Opto 3 Input State Opto 4 Input State Opto 5 Input State Opto 6 Input State Opto 7 Input State...
  • Page 807 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Control Input 19 Control Input 20 Control Input 21 Control Input 22 Control Input 23 Control Input 24 Control Input 25 Control Input 26 Control Input 27 Control Input 28 Control Input 29 Control Input 30...
  • Page 808 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Setting to allow Control Inputs 9 set/ reset. No Operation Control Input 10 No Operation Reset [Indexed String] Setting to allow Control Inputs 10 set/ reset. No Operation Control Input 11 No Operation...
  • Page 809 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting to allow Control Inputs 21 set/ reset. No Operation Control Input 22 No Operation Reset [Indexed String] Setting to allow Control Inputs 22 set/ reset. No Operation Control Input 23 No Operation Reset...
  • Page 810 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION cell. The hotkey menu allows the control inputs to be set, reset or pulsed without the need to enter the CONTROL INPUTS column. Latched Control Input 1 Latched Pulsed [Indexed String]...
  • Page 811 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Configures the control inputs as either ‘latched’ or ‘pulsed’. ON/OFF SET/RESET Ctrl Command 6 Set/Reset IN/OUT ENABLED/DISABLED [Indexed String] Allows the SET / RESET text, displayed in the hotkey menu, to be changed to something more suitable for the application of an individual control input, such as ON / OFF, IN / OUT etc.
  • Page 812 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Allows the SET / RESET text, displayed in the hotkey menu, to be changed to something more suitable for the application of an individual control input, such as ON / OFF, IN / OUT etc. Latched Control Input 12 Latched...
  • Page 813 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION ON/OFF SET/RESET Ctrl Command 17 Set/Reset IN/OUT ENABLED/DISABLED [Indexed String] Allows the SET / RESET text, displayed in the hotkey menu, to be changed to something more suitable for the application of an individual control input, such as ON / OFF, IN / OUT etc.
  • Page 814 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION control input, such as ON / OFF, IN / OUT etc. Latched Control Input 23 Latched Pulsed [Indexed String] Configures the control inputs as either ‘latched’ or ‘pulsed’. ON/OFF SET/RESET Ctrl Command 23...
  • Page 815 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION SET/RESET IN/OUT ENABLED/DISABLED [Indexed String] Allows the SET / RESET text, displayed in the hotkey menu, to be changed to something more suitable for the application of an individual control input, such as ON / OFF, IN / OUT etc.
  • Page 816 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting for the unique relay address that is encoded in the InterMiCOM sent message. From 0 to 10 in steps of 1 Receive Address [Unsigned Integer(16 bit)] The aim of setting addresses is to establish pairs of relays which will only communicate with each other.
  • Page 817 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Fail FrameSync Status SCC Absent [Indexed String] Indicates when the message structure and synchronization is valid. OK = Valid message structure and synchronization FAIL = Synchronization has been lost Absent = 2nd Rear port board is not fitted Unavailable = Hardware error present Fail...
  • Page 818 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION messages that should be received (based upon the ‘Baud Rate’ setting) exceeds the above threshold, a ‘Message Fail’ alarm will be issued. Disabled Direct IM1 Cmd Type Blocking Blocking [Indexed String]...
  • Page 819 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 0.01 to 1 in steps of 0.01 IM3 FrameSyncTim [Courier Number (time-seconds)] Time delay after which ’IM3 DefaultValue’ is applied, providing that no valid message is received in the meantime. Disabled Direct IM4 Cmd Type...
  • Page 820 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Unsigned Integer(16 bit)] Setting that defines the IM6 fallback status. From 0.01 to 1 in steps of 0.01 IM6 FrameSyncTim [Courier Number (time-seconds)] Time delay after which ‘IM6 DefaultValue’ is applied. Disabled Permissive IM7 Cmd Type...
  • Page 821 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Sets the function key in toggle or normal mode. In ‘Toggle’ mode, a single key press will set/latch the function key output as ‘high’ or ‘low’ in programmable scheme logic.
  • Page 822 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION programmable scheme logic. This feature can be used to enable/disable relay functions. In the ‘Normal’ mode the function key output will remain ‘high’ as long as key is pressed. From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Fn Key 5 Label Function Key 1...
  • Page 823 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION remain ‘high’ as long as key is pressed. From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Fn Key 9 Label Function Key 1 [ASCII Text (16 chars)] Allows the text of the function key to be changed to something more suitable for the application.
  • Page 824 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION LN7 Name MiCOM Logical Node 7 LN8 Name MiCOM Logical Node 8 LN9 Name MiCOM Logical Node 9 IA1 IB1 IC1 [Indexed String] IA2 IB2 IC2 Unused [Indexed String] INsen Unused...
  • Page 825 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Vsc2 Unused [Indexed String] VA1 VB1 VC1 [Indexed String] VA2 VB2 VC2 Unused [Indexed String] Vcs1 Unused [Indexed String] Vcs2 Unused [Indexed String] Vcs3 Unused P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 826 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] MUs Delay Search [Indexed String] MUs Delay Max Trust Ques Data From 1.25% to 0.15 in steps of 1.25% Loss Rate Level [Numeric (percentage)] SAV Absence SAV Absence [Binary Flag] SAV No SmpSynch...
  • Page 827 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Disabled Frame Loss Rate Enabled Enabled [Indexed String] 2nd character LN1 LossRate Sec 1st character [Numeric(Percentage)] 2nd character LN2 LossRate Sec 1st character [Numeric(Percentage)] 2nd character LN3 LossRate Sec 1st character [Numeric(Percentage)] 2nd character...
  • Page 828 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Numeric(Percentage)] LN6 FrmLoss Cuml LN6 FrmLoss Cuml [Numeric(Percentage)] LN7 FrmLoss Cuml LN7 FrmLoss Cuml [Numeric(Percentage)] LN8 FrmLoss Cuml LN8 FrmLoss Cuml [Numeric(Percentage)] LN9 FrmLoss Cuml LN9 FrmLoss Cuml [Numeric(Percentage)] LN1 Error Second LN1 Error Second...
  • Page 829 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Setting which allows the user to restore MCL or no action. Active Conf.Name Active Conf.Name [ASCII text] IEC61850 versions only. The name of the configuration in the Active Memory Bank, usually taken from the SCL file. Active Conf.Rev Active Conf.Rev [ASCII text]...
  • Page 830 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION IEC61850 versions only. Displays the IP address of the secondary SNTP server. IEC 61850 SCL IEC61850 versions only. IED Name IED Name [ASCII text] IEC61850 versions only. 8 character IED name, which is the unique name on the IEC 61850 network for the IED, usually taken from the SCL file.
  • Page 831 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION 19-A 20-A 10-B 11-B 12-B 13-B 14-B 15-B 16-B 17-B 18-B 19-B 20-B 10-C 11-C 12-C 13-C 14-C 15-C 16-C 17-C 18-C 19-C 20-C [Indexed String] In 3 terminal schemes, communicating groups of three relays may be configured. See below. Address 10-A 11-A...
  • Page 832 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION 19-A 20-A 10-B 11-B 12-B 13-B 14-B 15-B 16-B 17-B 18-B 19-B 20-B 10-C 11-C 12-C 13-C 14-C 15-C 16-C 17-C 18-C 19-C 20-C [Indexed String] Setting for the unique relay address that is encoded in the Differential message and in the InterMiCOM64 sent message. The aim of setting the address is to establish pairs of relays which will only communicate with each other.
  • Page 833 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION X.21, or generally 56kbit/s for V.35. For direct fiber connection between relays, 64kbit/s will offer slightly faster data transmission. The setting is invisible when IEEE C37.94 Comm Mode is selected. 64kbits/s Baud Rate Ch2 64kbits/s...
  • Page 834 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Normally the alarm would be raised for any loss of an operational channel (logical OR combination). However, when relays in a 3 ended scheme are deliberately operated in Chain topology AND logic may be used, for indication when the scheme becomes finally inoperative, with no self-healing (signal rerouting) mode possible.
  • Page 835 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Value, once the channel recovers. 0 or 1 IM2 DefaultValue [Unsigned Integer(16 bit)] Setting that defines the IM2 fallback status. Direct IM3 Cmd Type Permissive Permissive [Indexed String] Setting that defines the operative mode of the received InterMiCOM_3 signal.
  • Page 836 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting that defines the operative mode of the received InterMiCOM_6 signal. When ‘Direct’ tripping is chosen, for security reasons 2 consecutive valid messages have to be received before a change in the signal status will be acknowledged.
  • Page 837 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 1 to 30 in steps of 1 Blocking Timer [Unsigned Integer (16 bits)] Disabled Front Port Enabled Enabled [Indexed String] Disabled Rear Port 1 Enabled Enabled [Indexed String] Disabled Rear Port 2...
  • Page 838 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting to allow Control Inputs 5 set/ reset. From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Control Input 6 Control Input 6 [ASCII Text (16 chars)] Setting to allow Control Inputs 6 set/ reset. From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Control Input 7 Control Input 7...
  • Page 839 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [ASCII Text (16 chars)] Setting to allow Control Inputs 25 set/ reset. From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Control Input 26 Control Input 26 [ASCII Text (16 chars)] Setting to allow Control Inputs 26 set/ reset.
  • Page 840 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION ÐkZN = Ð (Z0 – Z1)/3Z1 where, Z1 = positive sequence impedance for the protected line or cable. Z0 = zero sequence impedance for the protected line or cable. This setting is a used for Distance protection (when set to simple mode) .
  • Page 841 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION the value as long as ‘Simple’ mode setting remains active. Advanced setting mode: ‘Advanced’ setting mode allows individual distance ohmic reaches and residual compensation factors to be entered for each zone. When ‘Advanced’...
  • Page 842 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION To enable (activate) or disable (turn off) or enable (only in the case that differential protection communication channel is lost) Zone 3 offset reach for phase faults. By default, Z3 Mho phase characteristic is offset (partly reverse directional), thus not memory/cross polarized.
  • Page 843 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 10 to 1000 in steps of 1 Zone 1 Gnd Reach [Courier Number (percentage)] Setting entry as percentage of the line impedance that sets Zone 1 reach in ohms. Disabled Enabled Zone 2 Gnd Stat.
  • Page 844 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION majority of applications. It is only the case when the fault currents and voltages may become very distorted by non-fundamental harmonics that extra filtering is necessary to avoid transient over-reach. In such system conditions the ‘Special Applications’ setting should be applied. Disabled Passive CVT Filters...
  • Page 845 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 0 to 90 in steps of 1 Dir. Char Angle [Courier Number (angle)] Setting for the relay characteristic angle used for the delta directional decision. From 1.0*V1 to 30*V1 in steps of 0.1*V1 Dir.
  • Page 846 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting for Z3 offset (reverse) reach. This setting is only visible if ‘Z3 Offset’ is enabled in ‘GROUP x DISTANCE SETUP’. From 0.05*v1/I1 to 500*V1/I1 in steps of 0.01*V1/I1 R3 Ph.
  • Page 847 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION This setting is visible only when ground characteristic is set to ‘Quad’. From -30 to 30 in steps of 1 Z1 Tilt Top Line [Courier Number (angle)] Setting of the zone 1 tilt angle.
  • Page 848 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 20 to 90 in steps of 1 Z3 Gnd. Angle [Courier Number (angle)] Setting of line angle (positive sequence) for zone 3. From 0.05*v1/I1 to 500*V1/I1 in steps of 0.01*V1/I1 Z3' Gnd Rev Rch [Courier Number (impedance)] Setting for Z3 offset (reverse) reach.
  • Page 849 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (angle)] Setting of ZP residual compensation angle. From 0 to 10 in steps of 0.01 kZmP Mut. Comp. [Courier Number] Setting of ZP mutual compensation magnitude. From -180 to 90 in steps of 0.1 kZmP Mut.
  • Page 850 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (time-seconds)] Time delay for Z1 phase element. From 0 to 10 in steps of 0.01 tZ1 Gnd. Delay [Courier Number (time-seconds)] Time delay for Z1 ground element. Disabled Phase only Zone2 Tripping...
  • Page 851 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Prog. Unblocking Programmable [Indexed String] Selection of the generic scheme type for aided channel 1. Note: POR is equivalent to POTT (permissive overreach transfer trip), PUR is equivalent to PUTT (permissive underreach transfer trip).
  • Page 852 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Echo Echo and Trip [Indexed String] Setting that defines Aided 1 scheme operation in case of weak infeed conditions, where no protection elements detect the fault at the local end, but an aided channel has been received from the remote end.
  • Page 853 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting to select whether distance elements should key the scheme selected as per the previous setting. If set to Disabled, no distance zones interact with this aided scheme, and basic scheme tripping only applies. From 0 to 1 in steps of 0.002 Aid.2 Dist.
  • Page 854 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (voltage)] Setting of Weak Infeed level detector. If phase - ground voltage in any phase drops below the threshold and with insufficient phase current for the protection to operate, the end is declared as a weak infeed terminal. From 0 to 1 in steps of 0.002 WI Trip Delay 0.06...
  • Page 855 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting that enables (turns on) or disables (turns off) special protection following auto-reclosure. When set Enabled, TOR will be activated after the ‘TOC Delay’ has expired, ready for application when an auto-reclose shot occurs.
  • Page 856 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Length of LOL window - the time window in which Zone 2 accelerated tripping can occur following LOL undercurrent detector operation. GROUP 1: OVERCURRENT This column contains settings for Overcurrent Disabled Enabled Enabled VTS...
  • Page 857 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION IEC S Inverse IEC V Inverse IEC E Inverse UK LT Inverse I>2 Function IEC S Inverse IEEE M Inverse IEEE V Inverse IEEE E Inverse US Inverse US ST Inverse [Indexed String] Setting for the tripping characteristic for the second stage overcurrent element.
  • Page 858 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting that defines fourth stage overcurrent operating status. Depending of this setting, I>4 will be enabled permanently or in case of Voltage Transformer Supervision (fuse fail) operation, or in case of communication channel fail, or a combination (and /or) of both. Non-Directional Directional Fwd I>4 Direction...
  • Page 859 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting for the time multiplier setting to adjust the operating time of the IEEE/US IDMT curves. I2>1 Reset Char Inverse [Indexed String] Setting to determine the type of reset/release characteristic of the IEEE/US curves. From 0 to 100 in steps of 0.01 I2>1 tRESET [Courier Number (time-seconds)]...
  • Page 860 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 0 to 100 in steps of 0.01 I2>3 Time Delay [Courier Number (time-seconds)] Setting for the operating time-delay for the third stage negative sequence overcurrent element. Disabled I2>4 Status Disabled...
  • Page 861 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION IEEE M Inverse IEEE V Inverse IEEE E Inverse US Inverse US ST Inverse [Indexed String] Setting for the tripping characteristic for the first stage earth fault overcurrent element. Non-Directional Directional Fwd IN>1 Direction...
  • Page 862 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Setting for the tripping characteristic for the second stage earth fault overcurrent element. Non-Directional Directional Fwd IN>2 Direction Non-Directional Directional Rev [Indexed String] This setting determines the direction of measurement for first stage element. From 0.08*I1 to 4.0*I1 in steps of 0.01*I1 IN>2 Current Set [Courier Number (current)]...
  • Page 863 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Enabled Ch Fail En VTSorCh Fail En VTSandCh Fail [Indexed String] Setting that defines fourth stage overcurrent operating status. Depending of this setting, IN>4 will be enabled permanently or in case of Voltage Transformer Supervision (fuse fail) operation, or in case of communication channel fail, or a combination (and /or) of both.
  • Page 864 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION When Zero Sequence is selected, this arms the Virtual Current Polarizing. From -95 to 95 in steps of 1 DEF Char. Angle [Courier Number (angle)] Setting for the relay characteristic angle used for the directional decision. From 0.5*V1 to 40*V1 in steps of 0.5*V1 DEF VNpol Set [Courier Number (voltage)]...
  • Page 865 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 0.01 to 100 in steps of 0.01 ISEF>1 Time Dial [Courier Number (decimal)] Setting for the time multiplier to adjust the operating time of the IEEE/US IDMT curves. From 1 to 2 in steps of 0.01 ISEF>1 IDG Time [Courier Number (time-seconds)]...
  • Page 866 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Setting to enable or disable the third stage definite time sensitive earth fault element. Non-Directional Directional Fwd ISEF>3 Direction Non-Directional Directional Rev [Indexed String] This setting determines the direction of measurement for the third stage element. From 0.005*I3 to 0.8*I3 in steps of 0.001*I3 ISEF>3 Current [Courier Number (current)]...
  • Page 867 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 0.05*I3 to 1.0*I3 in steps of 0.01*I3 IREF> Is [Courier Number (current)] Pick-up setting for the High Impedance restricted earth fault element. Measured VN Input Derived Derived [Indexed String] Data cell indicating the VN Input is always derived from the 3 phase voltages...
  • Page 868 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (time-minutes)] Setting for the second thermal time constant for the dual time constant characteristic. GROUP 1: POWER SWING This column contains settings for Power Swing Blocking/Out of Step Tripping Blocking Power Swing Blocking...
  • Page 869 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Allow Trip Blocking Zone 1 Gnd. PSB Blocking Delayed Unblock [Indexed String] Setting that defines the Z1 ground element operation should any swing impedance enter and remains inside the Z1 ground characteristic for more then ‘tZ1 Gnd.
  • Page 870 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION twice in each swing cycle, and a short setting ensures continued PSB pick-up, to ride through the gaps. OST Disabled OST Predictive Trip OST Mode OST Disabled OST Trip [Indexed String] To enable (activate) or disable (turn off) Out of Step protection.
  • Page 871 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION V<1AnyPh V<2 3Ph V<1 3Ph V<2AnyPh [Indexed String] Setting that determines whether any phase or all three phases has to satisfy the undervoltage criteria before a decision is made. Note: If any stage is disabled, the associated text in the setting menu cell setting will remain visible but will not affect the operation of the stage that is enabled.
  • Page 872 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting that determines whether any phase or all three phases has to satisfy the overvoltage criteria before a decision is made. Note: If any stage is disabled, the associated text in the setting menu cell setting will remain visible but will not affect the operation of the stage that is enabled.
  • Page 873 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (voltage)] This setting determines the pick-up setting for the second stage overvoltage element. From 0 to 100 in steps of 0.01 V1>2 Cmp Tim Dly [Courier Number (time-seconds)] Setting for the operating time-delay for the second stage definite time compensated overvoltage element.
  • Page 874 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Enabled [Indexed String] Setting to enable or disable the first stage overfrequency element. From 45 to 65 in steps of 0.01 F>1 Setting 50.5 [Courier Number (frequency)] Setting that determines the pick-up threshold for the first stage overfrequency element.
  • Page 875 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Setting to enable or disable the third stage df/dt element. From 0.1 to 10 in steps of 0.1 df/dt>3 Setting [Courier Number (Hz/sec)] Pick-up setting for the third stage df/dt element. Negative Positive df/dt>3 Dir'n...
  • Page 876 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] When Enabled, CB Fail timers will be reset by drop off of a weak infeed trip condition, providing that WI trip logic is activated. UNDER CURRENT From 0.02*I1 to 3.2*I1 in steps of 0.01*I1 I<...
  • Page 877 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Enabled [Indexed String] This setting enables (turns on) or disables (turns off) a special feature to cover scenarios when there is a very weak positive or negative sequence source behind the relay, but the zero sequence infeed is large.
  • Page 878 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 5 to 132 in steps of 0.5 Live Bus 2 [Courier Number (voltage)] Bus 2 is considered Live with voltage above this setting. From 5 to 132 in steps of 0.5 Dead Bus 2 [Courier Number (voltage)] Bus 2 is considered Dead with voltage below this setting.
  • Page 879 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (angle)] Maximum permitted phase angle between Line and Bus 1 voltages for second stage synchronism check element to reclose CB1 From 1 to 120 in steps of 0.5 CB1 CS2 VDiff [Courier Number (voltage)] Check Synch Voltage differential setting decides that stage 2 System Check Synchronism logic for CB1 is blocked if Vdiff>...
  • Page 880 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION voltages is greater than this setting. Disabled CB2 CS2 Status Disabled Enabled [Indexed String] Setting to enable or disable the stage 2 synchronism check elements for auto-reclosing and manual closing CB2. From 0 to 90 in steps of 1 CB2 CS2 Angle [Courier Number (angle)]...
  • Page 881 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] This setting enables CB1 to close by manual control when the live line & dead bus1 conditions are satisfied as set in the SYSTEM CHECKS column.
  • Page 882 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Indexed String] Setting determines which auto-reclose modes are permitted for leader /follower circuit breakers. The auto-reclose scheme provides single phase or three phase auto-reclosing of a feeder switched by two circuit breakers. The two circuit breakers are normally arranged to reclose sequentially with one, designated the ‘Leader’...
  • Page 883 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 0.1 to 200 in steps of 0.1 CB IS Time [Courier Number (time-seconds)] CB IS Time = CB In Service Time. This is a timer setting for which a CB must remain closed (and optionally the line be live) before it is considered to be In Service.
  • Page 884 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Maximum waiting time to enable CB Closing by auto-reclose. Input DDBs (436/437) are used for CB1 Healthy & CB2 Healthy respectively to enable CB1 and CB2 Close by auto-reclose. If the set time runs out with the input DDB: CBx Healthy low (= 0), alarm AR CBx Unhealthy (DDB307 or 329 for CB1 &...
  • Page 885 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Initiate AR Block AR [Indexed String] Setting that determines impact of the first stage overcurrent protection on AR operation. No Action Initiate AR I>2 AR No Action Block AR [Indexed String] Setting that determines impact of the second stage overcurrent protection on AR operation.
  • Page 886 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Disabled CB1L SC all Disabled Enabled [Indexed String] This setting determines whether a system check (e.g. live bus / dead line etc) is required for any auto-reclose of CB1 as leader. If Enabled, system check is required for some or all reclosures.
  • Page 887 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Enabled [Indexed String] This setting enables CB2 to auto-reclose as leader when the system satisfies all the System Check Synchronism Stage 1 criteria as defined under CB2 CS1 Status settings in the SYSTEM CHECKS column. Disabled CB2L SC CS2 Disabled...
  • Page 888 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION system check is required for some or all reclosures. If Disabled, system check is not required for any reclosures. Disabled CB2F SC Shot 1 Disabled Enabled [Indexed String] This setting determines whether a system check (e.g.
  • Page 889 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Label for Opto Input 10 From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Opto Input 11 Input L0B [ASCII Text (16 chars)] Label for Opto Input 11 From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Opto Input 12 Input L0C...
  • Page 890 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [ASCII Text (16 chars)] Label for output relay 5 From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Relay 6 Output R6 [ASCII Text (16 chars)] Label for output relay 6 From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Relay 7 Output R7...
  • Page 891 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Relay 25 Output R19 [ASCII Text (16 chars)] Label for output relay 25 From 32 to 163 in steps of 1 Relay 26 Output R1A [ASCII Text (16 chars)]...
  • Page 892 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION CB Operate Time CB Operate Time [Courier Number (time-seconds)] Relay Trip Time Relay Trip Time [Courier Number (time-seconds)] Fault Location Fault Location [Courier Number (metres)] Fault Location Fault Location [Courier Number (miles)] Fault Location...
  • Page 893 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION [Courier Number (voltage)] VB Angle Pre Flt VB Angle Pre Flt [Courier Number (degrees)] VC Pre Flt VC Pre Flt [Courier Number (voltage)] VC Angle Pre Flt VC Angle Pre Flt [Courier Number (degrees)] VN Pre Flt...
  • Page 894 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION VC Fault VC Fault [Courier Number (voltage)] VC Angle Fault VC Angle Fault [Courier Number (degrees)] VN Fault VN Fault [Courier Number (voltage)] VN Angle Fault VN Angle Fault [Courier Number (degrees)] V1 Rem Magnitude V1 Rem Magnitude...
  • Page 895 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Trigger Time Trigger Time [IEC870 Time & Date] Active Channels Active Channels [Binary Flag] Channel Types Channel Types [Binary Flag] Channel Offsets Channel Offsets [Courier Number (decimal)] Channel Scaling Channel Scaling [Courier Number (decimal)]...
  • Page 896 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Dist. Channel 7 Dist. Channel 7 [Integer] Dist. Channel 8 Dist. Channel 8 [Integer] Dist. Channel 9 Dist. Channel 9 [Integer] Dist. Channel 10 Dist. Channel 10 [Integer] Dist.
  • Page 897 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Default PSL "model Grp1 PSL Ref Grp1 PSL Ref number" [ASCII Text (32 chars)] Date/Time Date/Time [IEC870 Date & Time] Grp1 PSL ID Grp1 PSL ID [Unsigned Integer (32 bits)] Default PSL "model Grp2 PSL Ref Grp2 PSL Ref...
  • Page 898 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV MENU TEXT DEFAULT SETTING AVAILABLE OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Connected i/face Connected i/face [Integer] Security Column Security Column 2500 [Menu Cell(2)] Port Disable Port Disable 2505 [Menu Cell(2)] Port Disable end Port Disable end 250B [Menu Cell(2)] PW Entry Needed PW Entry Needed [Unsigned Integer (32 bits)]...
  • Page 899 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Relay 1 DDB_OUTPUT_RELAY_1 Assignment of signal to drive output Relay 1 Relay 2 DDB_OUTPUT_RELAY_2 Assignment of signal to drive output Relay 2 Relay 3 DDB_OUTPUT_RELAY_3 Assignment of signal to drive output Relay 3 Relay 4 DDB_OUTPUT_RELAY_4 Assignment of signal to drive output Relay 4...
  • Page 900 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION IM Output 6 DDB_INTEROUT_6 InterMiCOM Output 6 - is an output to the remote line end IM Output 7 DDB_INTEROUT_7 InterMiCOM Output 7 - is an output to the remote line end IM Output 8 DDB_INTEROUT_8 InterMiCOM Output 8 - is an output to the remote line end...
  • Page 901 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION IM64 Ch2 Output3 DDB_IM64_CH2_3_OUT IM64 Ch2 output 3 - mapping what will be sent to the remote line end IM64 Ch2 Output4 DDB_IM64_CH2_4_OUT IM64 Ch2 output 4 - mapping what will be sent to the remote line end IM64 Ch2 Output5 DDB_IM64_CH2_5_OUT IM64 Ch2 output 5 - mapping what will be sent to the remote line end...
  • Page 902 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Timer in 16 DDB_TIMERIN_16 Input to auxiliary timer 16 Timer out 1 DDB_TIMEROUT_1 Output from auxiliary timer 1 Timer out 2 DDB_TIMEROUT_2 Output from auxiliary timer 2 Timer out 3 DDB_TIMEROUT_3 Output from auxiliary timer 3 Timer out 4...
  • Page 903 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Control Input 13 DDB_CONTROL_13 Control input 13 - for SCADA and menu commands into PSL Control Input 14 DDB_CONTROL_14 Control input 14 - for SCADA and menu commands into PSL Control Input 15 DDB_CONTROL_15 Control input 15 - for SCADA and menu commands into PSL...
  • Page 904 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Virtual Input 10 DDB_GOOSEIN_10 Virtual Input 10 - received from GOOSE message Virtual Input 11 DDB_GOOSEIN_11 Virtual Input 11 - received from GOOSE message Virtual Input 12 DDB_GOOSEIN_12 Virtual Input 12 - received from GOOSE message Virtual Input 13 DDB_GOOSEIN_13...
  • Page 905 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Virtual Output 7 DDB_GOOSEOUT_7 Virtual output 7 - allows user to control a binary signal which can be mapped via SCADA protocol output to other devices Virtual Output 8 DDB_GOOSEOUT_8 Virtual output 8 - allows user to control a binary signal which can be mapped via SCADA protocol output to other devices Virtual Output 9...
  • Page 906 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION cross polarization to allow testing with test sets that can not simulate a real fault Test Loopback DDB_LOOPBACK_TEST Loopback test in service (external or internal) Test IM64 DDB_IM64_TEST_MODE Indication that relay is in test mode VT Fail Alarm DDB_VTS_INDICATION...
  • Page 907 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Frequency out of range alarm CB2 Fail Alarm DDB_BREAKER_FAIL_ALARM_2 Circuit breaker 2 fail alarm CB2 Monitor Alm DDB_CB2_MONITOR_ALARM This alarm indicates that DDB CB2 I ^ Maint. Alarm (1113) or DDB CB2 OPs Maint. (1115) or DDB CB2 Time Maint. (1117) CB2 Mon LO Alarm DDB_CB2_MONITOR_LOCKOUT This alarm indicates that DDB CB2 I ^ Lockout Alarm (1114) or DDB CB Ops Lock (1116) or DDB CB Time lockout (1118)
  • Page 908 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Front panel miniature battery failure - either battery removed from slot, or low voltage Field Volts Fail DDB_FIELD_VOLTS_FAIL 48V field voltage failure Rear Comm 2 Fail DDB_REAR_COMMS_FAIL Comm2 hardware failure - second rear communications board GOOSE IED Absent DDB_GOOSE_MISSING_IED The IED is not subscribed to a publishing IED in the current scheme...
  • Page 909 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Reserved DDB_PLATFORM_ALARM_29 Platform Alarm 29 Reserved DDB_PLATFORM_ALARM_30 Platform Alarm 30 Reserved DDB_PLATFORM_ALARM_31 Platform Alarm 31 Reserved DDB_PLATFORM_ALARM_32 Platform Alarm 32 Block Zone 1 Gnd DDB_ZONE_1_GND_BLOCK Zone 1 ground basic scheme blocking Block Zone 1 Phs DDB_ZONE_1_PHS_BLOCK Zone 1 phase basic scheme blocking...
  • Page 910 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION ISEF>1 Timer Blk DDB_SEF_1_TIMER_BLOCK Block sensitive earth fault stage 1 time delayed trip ISEF>2 Timer Blk DDB_SEF_2_TIMER_BLOCK Block sensitive earth fault stage 2 time delayed trip ISEF>3 Timer Blk DDB_SEF_3_TIMER_BLOCK Block sensitive earth fault stage 3 time delayed trip ISEF>4 Timer Blk...
  • Page 911 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Init Trip CB1 DDB_LOGIC_INPUT_TRIP Initiate tripping of circuit breaker 1 from a manual command Init Close CB1 DDB_LOGIC_INPUT_CLOSE Initiate closing of circuit breaker 1 from a manual command Init Trip CB2 DDB_LOGIC_INPUT_TRIP_2 Initiate tripping of circuit breaker 2 from a manual command...
  • Page 912 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Inhibit VN>2 DDB_INHIBIT_RESOV2 Inhibit stage 2 residual overvoltage protection Inhibit Thermal DDB_INHIBIT_THERMAL Inhibit thermal overload protection InhibitCB Status DDB_INHIBIT_CBS Inhibit circuit breaker state monitoring (no alarm for defective/stuck auxiliary contact) Inhibit CB Fail DDB_INHIBIT_CBF Inhibit circuit breaker fail protection...
  • Page 913 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Aid 1 DEF Trip DDB_AIDED1_DEF_TRIP Aided scheme 1 DEF trip command (output from aided tripping logic) Aided 2 COS/LGS DDB_AIDED2_COS_LGS Aided 2 channel out of service signal (COS) or loss of guard signal (LGS) in distance unblocking schemes. This signal is normally driven from an opto input on conventional channels or from InterMiCOM Aided2 Scheme Rx DDB_AIDED2_CRX_EXT...
  • Page 914 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION CB1 Trip I/P 3Ph DDB_TR_3_PHASE CB1 Trip 3 Phase - Input to Trip Latching Logic Trip Inputs A DDB_TR_A_PHASE A phase trip - input to trip conversion logic. Essential to ensure correct single or three pole trip command results (e.g. converts a 2 pole trip to 3 phase) Trip Inputs B DDB_TR_B_PHASE...
  • Page 915 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Fast OV PHA DDB_QUARTER_CYCLE_OV_PHA Phase A Fast Overvoltage level detector used by Current No Volts (CNV) Fast OV PHB DDB_QUARTER_CYCLE_OV_PHB Phase B Fast Overvoltage level detector used by Current No Volts (CNV) Fast OV PHC DDB_QUARTER_CYCLE_OV_PHC Phase C Fast Overvoltage level detector used by Current No Volts (CNV)
  • Page 916 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION df/dt>1 Trip DDB_DFDT_1_TRIP df/dt Stage 1 Trip df/dt>2 Trip DDB_DFDT_2_TRIP df/dt Stage 2 Trip df/dt>3 Trip DDB_DFDT_3_TRIP df/dt Stage 3 Trip df/dt>4 Trip DDB_DFDT_4_TRIP df/dt Stage 4 Trip Zone 1 Trip DDB_ZONE_1_TRIP Zone 1 Trip...
  • Page 917 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Aided 1 Trip A DDB_AIDED1_TRIP_A Aided channel scheme 1 trip A phase Aided 1 Trip B DDB_AIDED1_TRIP_B Aided channel scheme 1 trip B phase Aided 1 Trip C DDB_AIDED1_TRIP_C Aided channel scheme 1 trip C phase Aided 1 Trip N...
  • Page 918 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION I>3 Trip DDB_POC_3_3PH_TRIP 3rd stage phase overcurrent trip 3 phase I>3 Trip A DDB_POC_3_PH_A_TRIP 3rd stage phase overcurrent trip phase A I>3 Trip B DDB_POC_3_PH_B_TRIP 3rd stage phase overcurrent trip phase B I>3 Trip C DDB_POC_3_PH_C_TRIP 3rd stage phase overcurrent trip phase C...
  • Page 919 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION V>1 Trip B/BC DDB_POV_1_PH_B_TRIP Overvoltage stage 1 B/BC phase trip V>1 Trip C/CA DDB_POV_1_PH_C_TRIP Overvoltage stage 1 C/CA phase trip V>2 Trip DDB_POV_2_3PH_TRIP Overvoltage stage 2, three phase trip V>2 Trip A/AB DDB_POV_2_PH_A_TRIP Overvoltage stage 2 A/AB phase trip...
  • Page 920 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Zone 3 A Start DDB_ZONE_3_START_A Zone 3 A Phase Start Zone 3 B Start DDB_ZONE_3_START_B Zone 3 B Phase Start Zone 3 C Start DDB_ZONE_3_START_C Zone 3 C Phase Start Zone 3 N Start DDB_ZONE_3_START_N Zone 3 N Start...
  • Page 921 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION IN>2 Start DDB_EF1_2_START 2nd stage stand by earth fault (SBEF) overcurrent start IN>3 Start DDB_EF1_3_START 3rd stage stand by earth fault (SBEF) overcurrent start IN>4 Start DDB_EF1_4_START 4th stage stand by earth fault (SBEF) overcurrent start ISEF>1 Start DDB_SEF_1_START 1st stage sensitive earth fault (SEF) overcurrent start...
  • Page 922 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION VC< start DDB_PHASE_C_UNDERVOLTAGE Phase C undervoltage level detector used in the pole dead logic. Detectors have a fixed threshold: undervoltage pickup 38.1 V-drop off 43.8 V VTS Fast Block DDB_VTS_FAST_BLOCK VT supervision fast block - blocks elements which would otherwise maloperate immediately a fuse failure event occurs VTS Slow Block...
  • Page 923 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Auto Close CB1 DDB_AUTO_CLOSE This is a signal issued by the autoreclose logic to the general CB1 Control logic when the conditions to autoreclose CB1 are satisfied (dead time complete, CB healthy etc). CB2 AR 1p InProg DDB_AR_1_POLE_IN_PROGRESS_2 Single pole auto-reclose in progress (dead time is running) CB2...
  • Page 924 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION driven high. CB1 CS2 Enabled DDB_CHECKSYNC_2_ENABLED DDB input must be high to enable CB1check sync 2 logic to operate. Defaults to high if not mapped in PSL; if mapped in PSL must be driven high.
  • Page 925 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION CB2 Open A ph DDB_CB2_PHASE_A_OPEN Circuit breaker 2 A phase is open CB2 Open B ph DDB_CB2_PHASE_B_OPEN Circuit breaker 2 A phase is open CB2 Open C ph DDB_CB2_PHASE_C_OPEN Circuit breaker 2 A phase is open CB2 Closed 3 ph...
  • Page 926 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Zone1 CA Element DDB_ZONE_1_CA Zone 1 CA phase fault element Zone2 AN Element DDB_ZONE_2_AN Zone 2 AN ground fault element Zone2 BN Element DDB_ZONE_2_BN Zone 2 BN ground fault element Zone2 CN Element DDB_ZONE_2_CN Zone 2 CN ground fault element...
  • Page 927 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Vsc2 Select 1x DDB_9_2_VSC2_SELECT_1X Switch Vsc2 input signal 1 among three designated Logical Node on Ethernet for IEC 61850-9-2LE. DEF Forward DDB_DEF_FWD DEF forward (directional earth fault aided scheme detector) DEF Reverse DDB_DEF_REV DEF reverse (directional earth fault aided scheme detector)
  • Page 928 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1026 LED 3 DDB_OUTPUT_LED_3 Programmable LED 3 1027 LED 4 DDB_OUTPUT_LED_4 Programmable LED 4 1028 LED 5 DDB_OUTPUT_LED_5 Programmable LED 5 1029 LED 6 DDB_OUTPUT_LED_6 Programmable LED 6 1030 LED 7 DDB_OUTPUT_LED_7...
  • Page 929 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1119 CB2FaultFreqLock DDB_EFF_LOCKOUT_2 Excessive fault frequency lockout alarm CB2 1123 Ch1 Mux Clk DDB_MUX_CLK_ERROR_CH1 This is an alarm that appears if the channel 1 baud rate is outside the limits 52 kbits/s or 70 Kbits/s 1124 Ch1 Signal Lost DDB_IEEE37_94_CH1_LOSS_OF_SIG...
  • Page 930 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1161 F<1 Trip DDB_UFREQ_1_TRIP Under frequency Stage 1 trip 1162 F<2 Trip DDB_UFREQ_2_TRIP Under frequency Stage 2 trip 1163 F<3 Trip DDB_UFREQ_3_TRIP Under frequency Stage 3 trip 1164 F<4 Trip DDB_UFREQ_4_TRIP Under frequency Stage 4 trip...
  • Page 931 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1194 PSL Int 1 DDB_PSLINT_1 PSL Internal Node 1195 PSL Int 2 DDB_PSLINT_2 PSL Internal Node 1196 PSL Int 3 DDB_PSLINT_3 PSL Internal Node 1197 PSL Int 4 DDB_PSLINT_4 PSL Internal Node 1198...
  • Page 932 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1223 PSL Int 30 DDB_PSLINT_30 PSL Internal Node 1224 PSL Int 31 DDB_PSLINT_31 PSL Internal Node 1225 PSL Int 32 DDB_PSLINT_32 PSL Internal Node 1226 PSL Int 33 DDB_PSLINT_33 PSL Internal Node 1227...
  • Page 933 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1252 PSL Int 59 DDB_PSLINT_59 PSL Internal Node 1253 PSL Int 60 DDB_PSLINT_60 PSL Internal Node 1254 PSL Int 61 DDB_PSLINT_61 PSL Internal Node 1255 PSL Int 62 DDB_PSLINT_62 PSL Internal Node 1256...
  • Page 934 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1281 PSL Int 88 DDB_PSLINT_88 PSL Internal Node 1282 PSL Int 89 DDB_PSLINT_89 PSL Internal Node 1283 PSL Int 90 DDB_PSLINT_90 PSL Internal Node 1284 PSL Int 91 DDB_PSLINT_91 PSL Internal Node 1285...
  • Page 935 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1310 Z1 CA Comparator DDB_ZONE_1_CA_RAW Z1 CA Comparator 1311 Z2 AN Comparator DDB_ZONE_2_AN_RAW Z2 AN Comparator 1312 Z2 BN Comparator DDB_ZONE_2_BN_RAW Z2 BN Comparator 1313 Z2 CN Comparator DDB_ZONE_2_CN_RAW Z2 CN Comparator 1314...
  • Page 936 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1339 Delta Dir FWD CN DDB_DELTA_DIR_FWD_CN_RAW Delta Directional Forward CN 1340 Delta Dir FWD AB DDB_DELTA_DIR_FWD_AB_RAW Delta Directional Forward AB 1341 Delta Dir FWD BC DDB_DELTA_DIR_FWD_BC_RAW Delta Directional Forward BC 1342 Delta Dir FWD CA DDB_DELTA_DIR_FWD_CA_RAW...
  • Page 937 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1368 Freq High DDB_FREQ_ABOVE_RANGE_LIMIT Freq High 1369 Freq Low DDB_FREQ_BELOW_RANGE_LIMIT Freq Low 1370 Freq Not found DDB_FREQ_NOT_FOUND Freq Not found 1371 Stop Freq Track DDB_FREQ_STOP_TRACK Stop Freq Track 1372 3d/4th HarmonicA DDB_FOURTH_HARM_A...
  • Page 938 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1404 VTS Blk Distance DDB_VTS_BLOCK_DIST Signal from the VTS logic that can be used to block operation of the distance elements 1408 CB2 Lead DDB_CB2_LEAD If setting "Leader Select By:" = Opto, then preferred leader CB is CB1 if input DDB "CB2 LEAD" is low, or CB2 if DDB "CB2 LEAD" is high. 1409 Foll AR Mode 1P DDB_FOLLOW_AR_SP...
  • Page 939 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION Indicates conditions are satisfied to enable CB2 follower sequence 1446 1P Follower Time DDB_SPOLE_FOLLOWER_TIME Indicates a single pole autoreclose follower time is running (either CB) 1447 3P Follower Time DDB_3POLE_FOLLOWER_TIME Indicates a three pole autoreclose follower time is running (either CB) 1448...
  • Page 940 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1473 CB2 CS2 VL<VB DDB_SYSCHECKS2_2_VBUS_DIFF_HIGH Voltage magnitude difference between Line V and Bus2 V is greater than setting [48 A4] (line V < Bus V) 1474 CB2 CS1 FL>FB DDB_CS2_1_LINE_FREQ_GT_BUS_FREQ Frequency difference between Line V and Bus2 V is greater than setting [48 A1] (line freq >...
  • Page 941 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1507 Init 3P AR Test DDB_INIT_3PH_AR_TEST DDB mapped in PSL from opto or comms input. Input high-low operation will initiate 3Ph test trip & autoreclose cycle 1508 Ext Fault APh DDB_EXTERNAL_FAULT_A DDB mapped in PSL from opto or comms input: indicates external protection operated for fault involving A phase 1509...
  • Page 942 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1555 OK Time 3P DDB_OK_TIME_3POLE OK to start 3PAR dead time 1556 3P DTime1 DDB_3POLE_DEAD_TIME1 3Phase dead time 1 running 1557 3P DTime2 DDB_3POLE_DEAD_TIME2 3Phase dead time 2 running 1558 3P DTime3 DDB_3POLE_DEAD_TIME3...
  • Page 943 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1586 CB1 CS1 VL>VB DDB_SYSCHECKS_VLINE_DIFF_HIGH Voltage magnitude difference between Line V and Bus1 V is greater than setting [48 91] (line V > Bus V) 1587 CB1 CS2 VL>VB DDB_SYSCHECKS1_2_VLINE_DIFF_HIGH Voltage magnitude difference between Line V and Bus1 V is greater than setting [48 96] (line V >...
  • Page 944 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1621 PSL Int 106 DDB_PSLINT_106 PSL Internal Node 1622 PSL Int 107 DDB_PSLINT_107 PSL Internal Node 1623 PSL Int 108 DDB_PSLINT_108 PSL Internal Node 1624 PSL Int 109 DDB_PSLINT_109 PSL Internal Node 1625...
  • Page 945 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1650 PSL Int 135 DDB_PSLINT_135 PSL Internal Node 1651 PSL Int 136 DDB_PSLINT_136 PSL Internal Node 1652 PSL Int 137 DDB_PSLINT_137 PSL Internal Node 1653 PSL Int 138 DDB_PSLINT_138 PSL Internal Node 1654...
  • Page 946 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1709 IEC Usr 07 Close DDB_IEC_USR_CLS_7 IEC61850 User Dual Point Status 7 Closed 1710 IEC Usr 08 Open DDB_IEC_USR_OPN_8 IEC61850 User Dual Point Status 8 Open 1711 IEC Usr 08 Close DDB_IEC_USR_CLS_8 IEC61850 User Dual Point Status 8 Closed 1717...
  • Page 947 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1746 Quality VIP 19 DDB_VIP_QUALITY_19 GOOSE virtual input 19 - provides the Quality attributes of any data object in an incoming GOOSE message 1747 Quality VIP 20 DDB_VIP_QUALITY_20 GOOSE virtual input 20 - provides the Quality attributes of any data object in an incoming GOOSE message 1748 Quality VIP 21...
  • Page 948 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1775 PubPres VIP 16 DDB_VIP_PUB_PRES_16 GOOSE virtual input 16- indicates if the GOOSE publisher responsible for publishing the data that derives a virtual input is present. 1776 PubPres VIP 17 DDB_VIP_PUB_PRES_17 GOOSE virtual input 17- indicates if the GOOSE publisher responsible for publishing the data that derives a virtual input is present.
  • Page 949 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1804 Virtual Input 45 DDB_GOOSEIN_45 Virtual Input 45 - received from GOOSE message 1805 Virtual Input 46 DDB_GOOSEIN_46 Virtual Input 46 - received from GOOSE message 1806 Virtual Input 47 DDB_GOOSEIN_47 Virtual Input 47 - received from GOOSE message 1807...
  • Page 950 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1833 Quality VIP 42 DDB_VIP_QUALITY_42 GOOSE virtual input 42 - provides the Quality attributes of any data object in an incoming GOOSE message 1834 Quality VIP 43 DDB_VIP_QUALITY_43 GOOSE virtual input 43 - provides the Quality attributes of any data object in an incoming GOOSE message 1835 Quality VIP 44...
  • Page 951 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1862 PubPres VIP 39 DDB_VIP_PUB_PRES_39 GOOSE virtual input 39- indicates if the GOOSE publisher responsible for publishing the data that derives a virtual input is present. 1863 PubPres VIP 40 DDB_VIP_PUB_PRES_40 GOOSE virtual input 40- indicates if the GOOSE publisher responsible for publishing the data that derives a virtual input is present.
  • Page 952 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1891 Virtual Output36 DDB_GOOSEOUT_36 Virtual output 36 - allows user to control a binary signal which can be mapped via SCADA protocol output to other devices 1892 Virtual Output37 DDB_GOOSEOUT_37 Virtual output 37 - allows user to control a binary signal which can be mapped via SCADA protocol output to other devices 1893...
  • Page 953 P446SV Appendix B -Settings and Signals ORDINAL SIGNAL NAME ELEMENT NAME DESCRIPTION 1920 SAV Test In Hold DDB_9_2_SAV_TEST_HOLD This DDB means the test application function is in "hold" state,ALSTOM internal Use only. 1921 SAV Test Inhibit DDB_9_2_SAV_TEST_INHIBIT This DDB means the test application function is in "inhibit" state,ALSTOM internal Use only. 1922 SAV Alarm Test DDB_9_2_SAV_TEST_ALARM...
  • Page 954 Appendix B -Settings and Signals P446SV B208 P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 955 APPENDIX C WIRING DIAGRAMS...
  • Page 956 Appendix C - Wiring Diagrams P446SV P446SV-TM-EN-1...
  • Page 962 Imagination at work Grid Solutions St Leonards Building Redhill Business Park Stafford, ST16 1WT, UK +44 (0) 1785 250 070 www.gegridsolutions.com/contact © 2017 General Electric. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project.

Table of Contents