GE MiCOM P40 Technical Manual page 157

P446SV
Reverse Resistive Reach
●
Directional Line Angle
●
Zone Characteristic Impedance Angle
●
Tilt Angles of Impedance Reach Lines
●
The Impedance Reach, the Resistive Reach, and the Zone Characteristic Impedance Angle, can be freely assigned.
The Directional Line Angle is 60º by default but can be varied if the Delta Directional element is enabled. The Tilt
Angle of the impedance lines has a default setting of -3º, but some variation is allowed if the Advanced setting
option is chosen.
The Reverse Impedance Reach, and the Reverse Resistive Reach are applied as a fixed ratio of the Impedance
Reach and the Resistive Reach for Directional characteristics. The ratios used vary according to the zone type. The
following tables present the different values for phase-phase characteristics and phase-earth characteristics. For
completion, the reach limit values for Offset zones are also included (although the overlaid Directional line does not
apply and the Offset characteristics will always be quadrilateral).
Phase-to-phase Element Reaches
Zone Type
1 Ph-Ph Forward
2 Ph-Ph Forward
3 Ph-Ph Forward
3 Ph-Ph Reverse
3 Ph-Ph Offset
4 Ph-Ph Reverse
P Ph-Ph Forward
P Ph-Ph Reverse
P Ph-Ph Offset
Q Ph-Ph Forward
Q Ph-Ph Reverse
Q Ph-Ph Offset
Phase-to-earth Element Reaches
Zone Type
1 Ph-Earth Forward
2 Ph-Earth Forward
3 Ph-Earth Forward
3 Ph-Earth Reverse
3 Ph-Earth Offset
4 Ph-Earth Reverse
P Ph-Earth Forward
P Ph-Earth Reverse
P Ph-Earth Offset
Q Ph-Earth Forward
Q Ph-Earth Reverse
P446SV-TM-EN-1
Impedance Reach Z
Z1 Ph. Reach
Z2 Ph. Reach
Z3 Ph. Reach
Z3 Ph. Reach
Z3 Ph. Reach
Z4 Ph. Reach
ZP Ph. Reach
ZP Ph. Reach
ZQ Ph. Reach
ZQ Ph. Reach
ZQ Ph. Reach
ZQ Ph. Reach
Impedance Reach Z
Z1 Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
Z2 Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
Z3 Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
Z3 Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
Z3 Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
Z4 Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
ZP Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
ZP Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
ZQ Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
ZQ Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
ZQ Gnd. Reach * (1 + k )
ZN
Reverse Impedance
Reach Z'
0.25 Z ½*R1 Ph. Resistive
0.25 Z ½*R2 Ph. Resistive
0.25 Z ½*R3 Ph. Resistive
0.25 Z ½*R3 Ph. Resistive
Z3' Ph Rev Reach ½*R3 Ph. Resistive
Z ½*R4 Ph. Resistive
Z ½*RP Ph Resistive
Z ½*RP Ph Resistive
ZP' Ph Rev Reach ½*RP Ph Resistive
Z ½*RQ Ph Resistive
Z ½*RQ Ph Resistive
ZQ' Ph Rev Reach ½*RQ Ph Resistive
Reverse Impedance Reach Z'
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
Z3' Gnd Rev Rch * (1 + k )
ZN
Z
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
ZP' Gnd Rev Rch * (1 + k )
ZN
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
Chapter 7 - Distance Protection
Reverse Resistive
Resistive Reach R
Reach R'
0.25 R
0.25 R
0.25 R
0.25 R
½*R3' Ph Res. Rev.
0.25 R
0.25 R
0.25 R
½*RP' Ph. Res. Rev.
0.25 R
0.25 R
½*RQ' Ph. Res. Rev.
Reverse Resistive
Resistive Reach R
R1 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
R2 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
R3 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
R3 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
R3 Gnd Resistive R3' Ph Res. Rev
R4 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RP Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RP Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RP Gnd Resistive RP' Gnd Res. Rev
RQ Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RQ Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
Reach R'
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