Page 1 Grid Solutions Line Current Differential System Instruction Manual Product version: 7.6x GE publication code: 1601-0081-AF1 (GEK-131004) E83849 LISTED IND.CONT. EQ. 52TL 1601-0081-AF1...
Page 2 The contents of this manual are the property of GE Multilin Inc. This documentation is furnished on license and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the permission of GE Multilin. The content of this manual is for informational use only and is subject to change without notice.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Power supply ........................2-45 2.6.7 Outputs............................2-46 2.6.8 Communication protocols....................2-48 2.6.9 Inter-relay communications..................2-49 2.6.10 CyberSentry security......................2-50 2.6.11 Graphical front panel......................2-50 2.6.12 Environmental........................2-51 2.6.13 Type tests ..........................2-52 2.6.14 Production tests ........................2-52 2.6.15 Approvals ..........................2-53 2.6.16 Maintenance.........................2-53 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 4 3.11.2 Event records ........................3-66 3.11.3 Log files........................... 3-66 3.11.4 Setting files..........................3-67 4 INTERFACES EnerVista software interface................4-1 4.1.1 Introduction ..........................4-1 4.1.2 Settings files ..........................4-1 4.1.3 Event viewing..........................4-2 4.1.4 File support ..........................4-3 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 5 5.3.15 User-programmable pushbuttons ................5-127 5.3.16 Flex state parameters ....................5-133 5.3.17 User-definable displays....................5-134 5.3.18 Installation ..........................5-135 Remote resources ....................5-136 5.4.1 Remote resources configuration ................5-136 System setup.......................5-137 5.5.1 AC inputs ..........................5-137 5.5.2 Power system........................5-138 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 6 5.9.2 Virtual inputs ........................5-415 5.9.3 Contact outputs....................... 5-416 5.9.4 Virtual outputs........................5-420 5.9.5 Direct inputs and outputs ................... 5-420 5.9.6 Resetting ..........................5-421 5.10 Transducer inputs/outputs................5-422 5.10.1 DCmA inputs........................5-422 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 7 Restricted ground fault....................6-27 6.4.15 Transducer inputs and outputs ...................6-27 6.4.16 Distance..........................6-27 Records ........................6-29 6.5.1 Fault reports .........................6-29 6.5.2 Event records ........................6-30 6.5.3 Oscillography........................6-32 6.5.4 Data logger ...........................6-32 6.5.5 Phasor Measurement Unit records................6-33 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 8 Ground directional overcurrent .................. 8-23 Lines with tapped transformers ................8-23 8.7.1 Overview ..........................8-23 8.7.2 Transformer load currents .................... 8-24 8.7.3 LV-side faults........................8-24 8.7.4 External ground faults ..................... 8-24 Instantaneous elements ..................8-25 viii L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 9 10.5.1 Overview..........................10-37 10.5.2 Phase selection ........................10-40 10.5.3 Communications channels for pilot-aided schemes........10-42 10.5.4 Permissive echo signaling...................10-48 10.5.5 Pilot scheme / phase selector coordination ............10-49 10.5.6 Cross-country fault example ..................10-50 10.6 Fault locator......................10-51 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 10 FlexAnalog items ....................A-1 OPERANDS B RADIUS SERVER RADIUS server configuration ................B-1 CONFIGURATION C COMMAND LINE Command line interface ..................C-1 INTERFACE D MISCELLANEOUS Warranty ......................... D-1 Revision history ..................... D-1 ABBREVIATIONS INDEX L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 11: Introduction
Ensure that the control power applied to the device, the alternating current (AC), and voltage input match the ratings specified on the relay nameplate. Do not apply current or voltage in excess of the specified limits. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 12: For Further Assistance
Website: http://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin When contacting GE by e-mail, optionally include a device information file, which is generated in the EnerVista software by clicking the Service Report button. When using the optional graphical front panel, the report instead can be generated by connecting a USB drive to the front panel.
Page 13 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION FOR FURTHER ASSISTANCE Figure 1-1: Generate service report in EnerVista software L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 14 FOR FURTHER ASSISTANCE CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 15: Product Description
2.1 Product description The L90 Line Current Differential System is part of the Universal Relay (UR) series of products. It is a digital current differential relay system with an integral communications channel interface. It is a complete line terminal protection and control system, able to deliver protection as either a line differential and/or distance device.
Page 16: Description
RMS magnitude, or as fundamental frequency only root mean square (RMS) magnitude and angle (phasor). Settings and actual values can be accessed from the front panel or EnerVista software. The L90 uses flash memory technology that allows field upgrading as new features are added. Firmware and software are upgradable.
Page 17: Features
VT Fuse Failure Event Recorder Open Pole Detector 2.1.1 Features 2.1.1.1 Line current differential • Phase segregated, high-speed digital current differential system • Overhead and underground AC transmission lines, series compensated lines L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 18 Zero-sequence removal for application on lines with tapped transformers connected in a grounded wye on the line side • GE phaselets approach based on the Discrete Fourier Transform with 64 samples per cycle and transmitting two time- stamped phaselets per cycle •...
Page 19: Pilot Channel Relaying
IEEE C37.94 820 nm multimode fiber with an LED transmitter All fiber optic options use an ST connector. L90 models are available for use on two or three terminal lines. A two terminal line application requires one bidirectional channel. However, in two terminal line applications, it is also possible to use an L90 relay with two bidirectional channels.
Page 20 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION If a slave L90 issues a trip from one of its backup functions, it can send a transfer trip signal to its master and other slave relays if such option is designated. Because a slave cannot communicate with all the relays in the differential scheme, the master then “broadcasts”...
Page 21: Channel Monitor
2.2.2 Channel monitor The L90 has logic to detect that the communications channel is deteriorating or has failed completely. This can provide an alarm indication and disable the current differential protection. Note that a failure of the communications from the master to a slave does not prevent the master from performing the current differential algorithm;...
Page 22: Direct Transfer Tripping
The L90 supports password entry from a local or remote connection. Local access is defined as any access to settings or commands via the front panel interface. This includes both keypad entry and the through the front panel RS232 port.
Page 23 |--------------- Supervisory See table notes See table notes |--------------- Display Properties |--------------- Clear Relay Records (settings) |--------------- Communications |--------------- Modbus User Map |--------------- Real Time Clock |--------------- Oscillography |--------------- Data Logger |--------------- Demand L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 24 |---------- Virtual Inputs |---------- Clear Records |---------- Set Date and Time User Displays Targets Actual Values |---------- Front panel labels designer |---------- Status |---------- Metering |---------- Transducer I/O |---------- Records |---------- Product Info 2-10 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 25: Order Codes
The order code is on the product label and indicates the product options applicable. The L90 is available as a 19-inch rack horizontal mount or reduced-size (¾) vertical unit. It consists of the following modules: power supply, CPU, CT/VT, contact input and output, transducer input and output, and inter-relay communications.
Page 26: Order Codes With Enhanced Ct/Vt Modules
The R-GOOSE protocol described in IEC 61850-8-1 is available through the IEC 61850 software option. R-GOOSE security requires the CyberSentry software option. 2.4.1 Order codes with enhanced CT/VT modules Table 2-4: L90 order codes for horizontal units - * ** - * *...
Page 27 IEC 60870-5-103 + PMU IEC 60870-5-103 + IEC 61850 + PMU IEC 60870-5-103 + Breaker-and-a-half + PMU IEC 60870-5-103 + IEC 61850 + Breaker-and-a-half + PMU IEC 60870-5-103 + In-zone transformer protection L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-13...
Page 28 Half + PMU + 61850-90-5 IEC 60870-5-103 + IEEE 1588 + PRP + CyberSentry UR Lvl 1 + In-zone TX + IEC 61850 + Breaker and Half + PMU + 61850-90-5 2-14 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 29 Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode ELED 820 nm, multimode, LED, 2 Channels 1300 nm, multimode, LED, 2 Channels 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 2 Channels 1300 nm, single-mode, Laser, 2 Channels L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-15...
Page 30 G.703, 2 Channels RS422, 1 Channel RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs 7W RS422, 2 Channels Table 2-5: L90 order codes for reduced-size vertical units - * ** - * * * - F ** - H ** - L **...
Page 31 IEC 61850 + Breaker and Half + PMU + 61850-90-5 In-zone TX protection + IEC 61850 + PMU + 61850-90-5 In-zone TX + IEC 61850 + Breaker and Half + PMU + 61850-90-5 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-17...
Page 32 8 DCmA inputs INTER-RELAY C37.94SM, 1300 nm single-mode, ELED, 1 channel single-mode C37.94SM, 1300 nm single-mode, ELED, 2 channel single-mode COMMUNICATIONS Bi-phase, single channel (select a maximum of 1 per unit) 2-18 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 33: Order Codes With Process Bus Modules
RS422, 1 Channel RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs 7W RS422, 2 Channels 2.4.2 Order codes with process bus modules Table 2-6: L90 order codes for horizontal units with process bus - * * * - F ** - H **...
Page 34 IEC 60870-5-103 + Breaker-and-a-half IEC 60870-5-103 + IEC 61850 IEC 60870-5-103 + IEC 61850 + Breaker-and-a-half IEC 60870-5-103 + PMU IEC 60870-5-103 + IEC 61850 + PMU IEC 60870-5-103 + Breaker-and-a-half + PMU 2-20 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 35 IEC 60870-5-103 + IEEE 1588 + PRP + In-zone TX + IEC 61850 + Breaker and Half + PMU + 61850-90-5 IEC 60870-5-103 + IEEE 1588 + PRP + CyberSentry UR Lvl 1 + In-zone TX + IEC 61850 + Breaker and Half + PMU + 61850-90-5 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-21...
Page 36 7Q Channel 1 - G.703; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode Laser 7R G.703, 1 Channel 7S G.703, 2 Channels 7T RS422, 1 Channel 7V RS422, 2 Channels, 2 Clock Inputs 7W RS422, 2 Channels 2-22 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 37 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ORDER CODES Table 2-7: L90 order codes for reduced-size vertical units with process bus - * ** - * * * - F ** - H ** - L ** - N ** - R **...
Page 38 IEEE 1588 + PRP + IEC 61850 + Breaker and Half + PMU + 61850-90-5 IEEE 1588 + PRP + In-zone TX protection + IEC 61850 + PMU + 61850-90-5 PRP + CyberSentry UR Lvl 1 + IEC 61850 + PMU + 61850-90-5 2-24 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 39 7M Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, multimode, LED Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED Channel 1 - RS422; Channel 2 - 1300 nm, single-mode, Laser L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-25...
Page 40: Replacement Modules
Replacement modules can be ordered separately. When ordering a replacement CPU module or front panel, provide the serial number of your existing unit. Not all replacement modules apply to the L90 relay. The modules specified in the order codes for the L90 are available as replacement modules for the L90.
Page 41 IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 1 Channel IEEE C37.94, 820 nm, 64 kbps, multimode, LED, 2 Channels 820 nm, multimode, LED, 1 Channel 1300 nm, multimode, LED, 1 Channel 1300 nm, single-mode, ELED, 1 Channel L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-27...
Page 42: Signal Processing
(when applicable), and auxiliary voltages. The 2.4 kHz cut-off frequency applies to both 50 Hz and 60 Hz applications and fixed in the hardware, and thus is not dependent on the system nominal frequency setting. 2-28 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 43 The A/D converter has the following ranges of AC signals: Voltages: Eq. 2-1 Currents: Eq. 2-2 Current harmonics are estimated based on raw samples with the use of the full-cycle Fourier filter. Harmonics 2nd through 25th are estimated. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-29...
Page 44: Specifications
ICD/CID/IID files, and so on), IEEE 1588 (IEEE C37.238 power profile) based time synchronization, CyberSentry (advanced cyber security), the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP), IEC 60870-5-103, and so on. 2.6 Specifications Specifications are subject to change without notice. 2-30 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 45: Protection Elements
5 to 25 cycles in steps of 1 VT location: all delta-wye and wye-delta transformers CT location: all delta-wye and wye-delta transformers Voltage supervision pickup (series compensation applications): 0 to 5.000 pu in steps of 0.001 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-31...
Page 46 60 to 90° in steps of 1 Time delay: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001 Timer accuracy: ±3% of operate time or ±1/4 cycle (whichever is greater) Current supervision: Level: neutral current (3I_0) 2-32 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 47 ±3% of reading of the maximum circuit current Breakpoint between slopes: 0.0 to 20.0 pu in steps of 0.1 DTT: Direct Transfer Trip (1 and 3 pole) to remote L90 Operating Time: 1.0 to 1.5 power cycles duration Asymmetrical channel delay compensation using GPS: asymmetry up to 10 ms In-zone transformer group compensation: 0 to 330°...
Page 48 > 2.0 × CT: ±1.5% of reading > 2.0 × CT rating Curve shapes: IEEE Moderately/Very/Extremely Inverse; IEC (and BS) A/B/C and Short Inverse; GE IAC Inverse, Short/Very/ Extremely Inverse; I t; FlexCurves™ (programmable); Definite Time (0.01 s base curve) Curve multiplier: Time Dial = 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01...
Page 49 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS Curve shapes: IEEE Moderately/Very/Extremely Inverse; IEC (and BS) A/B/C and Short Inverse; GE IAC Inverse, Short/Very/ Extremely Inverse; I t; FlexCurves™ (programmable); Definite Time (0.01 s base curve) Curve multiplier (Time dial): 0.00 to 600.00 in steps of 0.01...
Page 50 PHASE OVERVOLTAGE Voltage: Phasor only Pickup level: 0.004 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001 Dropout level: 97 to 98% of pickup Level accuracy: ±0.5% of reading from 10 to 208 V 2-36 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 51 Typical times are average operate times including variables such as frequency change instance, test method, and so on, and can vary by ±0.5 cycles. OVERFREQUENCY Pickup level: 20.00 to 65.00 Hz in steps of 0.01 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-37...
Page 52 ±3% of operate time or ±42 ms, whichever is greater Operate time: <42 ms at 1.10 × pickup at 60 Hz BREAKER RESTRIKE Principle: detection of high-frequency overcurrent condition ¼ cycle after breaker opens 2-38 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 53 ±3% of operate time or ±1/4 cycle (whichever is greater) LOAD ENCROACHMENT Responds to: Positive-sequence quantities Minimum voltage: 0.004 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001 Reach (sec. Ω): 0.02 to 250.00 Ω in steps of 0.01 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-39...
Page 54: User-Programmable Elements
Time delay: 0 to 65535 ms in steps of 1 FLEX STATES Number: up to 256 logical variables grouped under 16 Modbus addresses Programmability: any logical variable, contact, or virtual input 2-40 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 55 Time-out timer: 3.0 to 60.0 s in steps of 0.1 Control inputs: step-up and 3-bit Power-up mode: restore from non-volatile memory or synchronize to a 3-bit control input or synch/restore mode L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-41...
Page 56: Monitoring
See Theory of Operation chapter (single-ended method) RELAY ACCURACY 1.5% %error PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT Output format: per IEEE C37.118 or IEC 61850-90-5 standard Number of channels: 14 synchrophasors, 8 analogs, 16 digitals 2-42 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 57: Metering
< 0.4pu: as above plus %error of f VOLTAGE HARMONICS Harmonics: 2nd to 25th harmonic: per phase, displayed as a % of f fundamental frequency phasor) THD: per phase, displayed as a % of f Accuracy: L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-43...
Page 58: Inputs
Continuous current draw: 4 mA (when energized) CONTACT INPUTS WITH AUTO-BURNISHING 1000 Ω maximum Dry contacts: Wet contacts: 300 V DC maximum Selectable thresholds: 17 V, 33 V, 84 V, 166 V 2-44 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 59: Power Supply
Volt withstand: 2 × Highest Nominal Voltage for 10 ms Power consumption: typical = 15 to 20 W/VA maximum = 45 W/VA contact factory for exact order code consumption INTERNAL FUSE Ratings: L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-45...
Page 60: Outputs
30 A as per ANSI C37.90 Carry continuous: Break (DC inductive, L/R = 40 ms): Voltage Current 24 V 48 V 0.5 A 125 V 0.3 A 250 V 0.2 A 2-46 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 61 ±0.75% of full-scale for 0 to 1 mA range ±0.5% of full-scale for –1 to 1 mA range ±0.75% of full-scale for 0 to 20 mA range 99% Settling time to a step change: 100 ms Isolation: 1.5 kV L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-47...
Page 62: Communication Protocols
PARALLEL REDUNDANCY PROTOCOL (PRP) (IEC 62439-3 CLAUSE 4, 2012) Ethernet ports used: 2 and 3 Networks supported: 10/100 Mb Ethernet OTHER TFTP, SFTP, HTTP, IEC 60870-5-104, Ethernet Global Data (EGD), IEEE C37.118 2-48 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 63: Inter-Relay Communications
At extreme temperatures these values deviate based on component tolerance. On average, the output power decreases as the temperature is increased by a factor of 1 dB / 5 °C. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-49...
Page 64: Cybersentry Security
1 phasor metering page for each AC Source 5 tabular metering pages with dynamic metering and status event records page with dynamic update product information page settings, actual values, error messages (targets) 2-50 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 65: Environmental
95% (non-condensing) at 55°C (as per IEC60068-2-30 variant 1, 6 days) OTHER Altitude: 2000 m (maximum) Pollution degree: Overvoltage category: Ingress protection: IP20 front, IP10 back Noise: 0 dB L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-51...
Page 66: Type Tests
Insulation: class 1, Pollution degree: 2, Over voltage cat II 1 Not tested by third party. 2.6.14 Production tests THERMAL Products go through an environmental test based upon an Accepted Quality Level (AQL) sampling process. 2-52 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 67: Approvals
Normally, cleaning is not required. When dust has accumulated on the front panel display, wipe with a dry cloth. To avoid deterioration of electrolytic capacitors, power up units that are stored in a de-energized state once per year, for one hour continuously. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2-53...
Page 68 SPECIFICATIONS CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2-54 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 69: Installation
For any issues, contact GE as outlined in the For Further Assistance section in chapter 1. Check that you have the latest copy of the L90 Instruction Manual and the UR Family Communications Guide, for the applicable firmware version, at http://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin/manuals/index.htm...
Page 70: Panel Cutouts
3.2.1 Horizontal units The L90 is available as a 19-inch rack horizontal mount unit with a removable front panel. The front panel can be specified as either standard or enhanced at the time of ordering. The enhanced front panel contains additional user-programmable pushbuttons and LED indicators.
Page 71 CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION PANEL CUTOUTS Figure 3-1: Horizontal dimensions (enhanced front panel) Figure 3-2: Horizontal mounting (enhanced and graphical front panel) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 72 PANEL CUTOUTS CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION Figure 3-3: Horizontal mounting and dimensions (standard front panel) Figure 3-4: Horizontal dimension (graphical front panel) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 73: Vertical Units
3.2.2 Vertical units The L90 is available as a reduced size (¾) vertical mount unit, with a removable front panel. The front panel can be specified as either standard or enhanced at the time of ordering. The enhanced front panel contains additional user- programmable pushbuttons and LED indicators.
Page 74 PANEL CUTOUTS CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION Figure 3-5: Vertical dimensions (enhanced front panel) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 75 CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION PANEL CUTOUTS Figure 3-6: Vertical and mounting dimensions (standard front panel) For side-mounting L90 devices with the enhanced front panel, see the following documents available on the UR DVD and the GE Grid Solutions website: • GEK-113180 —...
Page 76 PANEL CUTOUTS CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION For side-mounting L90 devices with the standard front panel, use the following figures. Figure 3-7: Vertical side-mounting installation (standard front panel) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 77 CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION PANEL CUTOUTS Figure 3-8: Vertical side-mounting rear dimensions (standard front panel) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 78: Rear Terminal Layout
Two-slot wide modules take their slot designation from the first slot position (nearest to CPU module), indicated by an arrow marker on the terminal block. The figure shows an example of rear terminal assignments. 3-10 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 79 Wire connections to these two modules at 13 inch-pounds. Figure 3-10: CPU modules and power supply The following figure shows the optical connectors for CPU modules. Figure 3-11: LC fiber connector (left) and ST fiber connector (right) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-11...
Page 80: Wiring
WIRING CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION 3.3 Wiring 3.3.1 Typical wiring Figure 3-12: Typical wiring diagram (T module shown for CPU) 3-12 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 81: Dielectric Strength
The power supply module can be ordered for two possible voltage ranges, and the L90 can be ordered with or without a redundant power supply module option. Each range has a dedicated input connection for proper operation. The ranges are as follows (see the Specifications section of chapter 2 for details): •...
Page 82: Ct/Vt Modules
These modules have enhanced diagnostics that can automatically detect CT/VT hardware failure and take the relay out of service. CT connections for both ABC and ACB phase rotations are identical, as shown in the Typical Wiring Diagram. 3-14 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 83 UR models. Substitute the tilde “~” symbol with the slot position of the module in the following figure. Figure 3-15: CT/VT module wiring L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-15...
Page 84: Process Bus Modules
3.3.5 Process bus modules The L90 can be ordered with a process bus interface module. The module interfaces with the HardFiber Process Bus System, or HardFiber Brick, allowing bidirectional IEC 61850 fiber optic communications with up to eight HardFiber Bricks.
Page 85 Where a tilde “~” symbol appears, substitute the slot position of the module. Where a number sign “#” appears, substitute the contact number. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-17...
Page 86 ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs Fast Form-C ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs Fast Form-C ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs 3-18 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 87 ~5a, ~5c 2 Inputs 2 Outputs Solid-State Solid-State ~6a, ~6c 2 Inputs 2 Outputs Not Used Not Used ~7a, ~7c 2 Inputs 2 Outputs Solid-State Solid-State ~8a, ~8c 2 Inputs Not Used L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-19...
Page 88 WIRING CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION Figure 3-17: Contact input and output module wiring (Sheet 1 of 2) 3-20 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 89 CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION WIRING Figure 3-18: Contact input and output module wiring (Sheet 2 of 2) For proper functionality, observe the polarity shown in the figures for all contact input and output connections. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-21...
Page 90 L90 input even when the output is open, if there is a substantial distributed capacitance (represented by C1) present in the wiring between the output and the L90 input and the debounce time setting in the L90 relay is low enough.
Page 91 This operation of contact inputs also can be prevented by using the Auto-Burnish contact inputs or contact inputs with active impedance. Figure 3-21: Contact input connected to a contact output with resistor (R2) across the input L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-23...
Page 92 Eq. 3-2 The 2 mA current is used in case the contact input is connected across the GE Form A contact output with voltage monitoring. Otherwise use the amperage of the active circuit connected to the contact input when its contact output is open and the voltage across the contact input is third trigger threshold to calculate the resistor value.
Page 93 The auto-burnish feature can be disabled or enabled using the DIP switches found on each daughter card. There is a DIP switch for each contact, for a total of 16 inputs. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-25...
Page 94 Contact inputs susceptible to parasitic capacitance caused by long cable runs affected by switching surges from external circuits can result in inadvertent activation of contact inputs with the external contact open. In this case, GE recommends using the contact I/O module with active impedance circuit.
Page 95: Transducer Inputs And Outputs
The following figure illustrates the transducer module types (5A, 5C, 5D, 5E, and 5F) and channel arrangements that can be ordered for the relay. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-27...
Page 96 WIRING CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION Where a tilde “~” symbol appears, substitute the slot position of the module. Figure 3-25: Transducer input/output module wiring The following figure show how to connect RTDs. 3-28 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 97: Rs232 Port
EnerVista UR Setup software provided with the relay. Cabling for the RS232 port is shown in the following figure for both 9-pin and 25-pin connectors. The baud rate for this port can be set, with a default of 115200 bps. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-29...
Page 98: Cpu Communication Ports
3.3.9 CPU communication ports 3.3.9.1 Overview In addition to the front panel RS232 port, there is a rear RS485 communication port. The CPU modules do not require a surge ground connection. 3-30 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 99 This common voltage is implied to be a power supply common. Some systems allow the shield (drain wire) to be used as common wire and to connect directly to the L90 COM terminal (#3); others function correctly only if the common wire is connected to the L90 COM terminal, but insulated from the shield.
Page 100: Irig-B
IRIG-B is a standard time code format that allows stamping of events to be synchronized among connected devices. The IRIG-B code allows time accuracies of up to 100 ns. Using the IRIG-B input, the L90 operates an internal oscillator with 1 µs resolution and accuracy.
Page 101: Pilot Channel Communications
3.4 Pilot channel communications A special inter-relay communications module is available for the L90. This module is plugged into slot “W” in horizontally mounted units and slot “R” in vertically mounted units. Inter-relay channel communications is not the same as 10/ 100Base-F interface communications (available as an option with the CPU module).
Page 102: Fiber: Led And Eled Transmitters
PILOT CHANNEL COMMUNICATIONS CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION All of the fiber modules use ST type connectors. For two-terminal applications, each L90 relay requires at least one communications channel. The current differential function must be “Enabled” for the communications module to properly operate. See the menu.
Page 103: Interface
The following figure shows the typical pin interconnection between two G.703 interfaces. For the actual physical arrangement of these pins, see the Rear Terminal Layout section earlier in this chapter. All pin interconnections are to be maintained for a connection to a multiplexer. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-35...
Page 104 Once the clips have cleared the raised edge of the chassis, engage the clips simultaneously. When the clips have locked into position, the module is inserted fully. 3-36 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 105 (S1 = ON) and set timing mode to loop timing (S5 = OFF and S6 = OFF). The switch settings for the internal and loop timing modes are shown. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-37...
Page 106 One source lies on the G.703 line side of the interface while the other lies on the differential Manchester side of the interface. Figure 3-39: G.703 dual loopback mode 3-38 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 107: Rs422 Interface
When used in single-channel applications, the RS422 interface links to higher-order systems in a typical way, observing transmit (Tx), receive (Rx), and send timing (ST) connections. However, when used in two-channel applications, certain L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-39...
Page 108 Figure 3-42: Timing configuration for RS422 two-channel, three-terminal application Data module 1 provides timing to the L90 RS422 interface via the ST(A) and ST(B) outputs. Data module 1 also provides timing to data module 2 TT(A) and TT(B) inputs via the ST(A) and AT(B) outputs. The data module pin numbers have been omitted in the figure because they vary by manufacturer.
Page 109: Two-Channel Two-Clock Rs422 Interface
(SCC) receive clock. 3.4.5 Two-channel two-clock RS422 interface The two-channel two-clock RS422 interface (module 7V) is for use with the synchrophasor feature. The figure shows the module connections. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-41...
Page 110: Rs422 And Fiber Interface
G.703 and fiber interfaces. When using a laser interface, attenuators can be necessary to ensure that you do not exceed the maximum optical input power to the receiver. 3-42 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 111: Ieee C37.94 Interface
The UR-series C37.94 communication module can be connected to the electrical interface (G.703, RS422, or X.21) of a non- compliant digital multiplexer via an optical-to-electrical interface converter that supports the IEEE C37.94 standard. The following figure shows the concept. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-43...
Page 112 5.60. For customers using firmware release 5.60 and higher, the module can be identified with "Rev D" printed on the module and is to be used on all ends of L90 communication for two and three terminal applications.
Page 113 Modules shipped since January 2012 have status LEDs that indicate the status of the DIP switches, as shown in the following figure. Figure 3-51: Status LEDs The clock configuration LED status is as follows: • Flashing green — loop timing mode while receiving a valid data packet L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-45...
Page 114: C37.94Sm Interface
5.60. For customers using firmware release 5.60 and higher, the module can be identified with "Rev D" printed on the module and is to be used on all ends of L90 communication for two and three terminal applications.
Page 115 Once the clips have cleared the raised edge of the chassis, engage the clips simultaneously. When the clips have locked into position, the module is inserted fully. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-47...
Page 116 Modules shipped since January 2012 have status LEDs that indicate the status of the DIP switches, as shown in the following figure. Figure 3-54: Status LEDs The clock configuration LED status is as follows: • Flashing green — loop timing mode while receiving a valid data packet 3-48 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 117: Activate Relay
RELAY SETTINGS: NEW SETTING Not Programmed Programmed HAS BEEN STORED When the "NEW SETTING HAS BEEN STORED" message appears, the relay is in "Programmed" state and the "In Service" LED turns on. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-49...
Page 118: Install Software
This device (catalog number F485) connects to the computer using a straight-through serial cable. A shielded twisted-pair (20, 22, or 24 AWG) connects the F485 converter to the L90 rear communications port. The converter terminals (+, –, GND) are connected to the L90 communication module (+, –, COM) terminals. See the CPU Communication Ports section in chapter 3 for details.
Page 119: System Requirements
Select the Web option to ensure the most recent software release, or select CD if you do not have an Internet connection, then click the Add Now button to list software items for the product. EnerVista Launchpad obtains the software from the Internet or DVD and automatically starts the installation program. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-51...
Page 120: Add Device To Software
3.7 Add device to software You connect remotely to the L90 through the rear RS485 or Ethernet port with a computer running the EnerVista UR Setup software. The L90 also can be accessed locally with a computer through the front panel RS232 port or the rear Ethernet port using the Quick Connect feature.
Page 121: Set Ip Address In Ur
Online Window area, cannot be moved from it to another grouping, and needs to be renamed in the Device Setup window. GE instead recommends using the Device Setup window to add devices, as outlined here. 3.7.1 Set IP address in UR The IP and subnet addresses need to be added to the UR for Ethernet communication.
Page 122 ADD DEVICE TO SOFTWARE CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION connections window. Or in Windows 7, access the Network and Sharing Center in the Control Panel. Right-click the Local Area Connection icon and select Properties. 3-54 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 123 Select the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) item from the list, and click the Properties button. Click the “Use the following IP address” box. Enter an IP address with the first three numbers the same as the IP address of the L90 relay and the last number different (in this example, 1.1.1.2).
Page 124 Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0 ms Pinging 1.1.1.1 with 32 bytes of data: verify the physical connection between the L90 and the computer, and double-check the programmed IP address in setting, then repeat step 2. Product Setup  Communications  Network  IP Address...
Page 125 Click the Quick Connect button to open the window. Select the Ethernet interface and enter the IP address assigned to the L90, then click the Connect button. The EnerVista UR Setup software creates a site named “Quick Connect” with a corresponding device also named “Quick Connect”...
Page 126: Configure Serial Connection
For the RS232 connection, a computer with an RS232 port and a serial cable are required. To use the RS485 port at the back of the relay, a GE Grid Solutions F485 converter (or compatible RS232-to-RS485 converter) is required. See the F485 instruction manual for details.
Page 127: Configure Ethernet Connection
SEL-2032. This option enables display of a terminal window to allow interaction with the other device. 11. Click the Read Order Code button to connect to the L90 and upload the order code to the software. If a communications error occurs, ensure that the EnerVista software serial communications values entered in the previous step correspond to the relay setting values, and also ensure that the same IP address is not assigned to multiple L90 ports.
Page 128 12. If using a gateway to connect to the device, select Yes from the drop-down list. 13. Click the Read Order Code button to connect to the L90 device and upload the order code. If the device was entered already, a message displays "Device ’x’ is also using IP address.." If a communications error occurs, ensure that the values entered in the previous steps correspond to the relay setting values, and also ensure that the same IP address is not assigned to multiple L90 ports.
Page 129: Configure Modem Connection
CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION ADD DEVICE TO SOFTWARE The device has been configured for Ethernet communications. Proceed to the Connect to the L90 section to begin communications. 3.7.4 Configure modem connection A modem connection allows a computer to communicate with a UR device over phone lines.
Page 130: Connect To The L90
When unable to connect because of an "ACCESS VIOLATION," access Device Setup and refresh the order code for the device. When unable to connect, ensure that the same IP address is not assigned to multiple L90 ports, for example under Settings > Product Setup > Communications > Network.
Page 131: Use Quick Connect Via The Front Panel Rs232 Port
Connect a nine-pin to nine-pin RS232 serial cable to the computer and the front panel RS232 port. Verify that the latest version of the EnerVista UR Setup software is installed (available from the GE EnerVista DVD or online from http://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin). See the software installation section if not already installed.
Page 132: Use Quick Connect Via A Rear Ethernet Port
Connect" and displays them in the Online Window. Expand the sections to view data directly from the L90 device. Use the Device Setup button to change the site name. Each time that the EnerVista software is initialized, click the Quick Connect button to establish direct communications to the L90.
Page 133: Set Up Cybersentry And Change Default Password
IID — Instantiated IED capability description file — Actual settings on UR • CID — Configured IED description file — Settings sent to the UR (may or may not be actual settings) The import is done in the Offline Window area. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-65...
Page 134: Connect To D400 Gateway
3.11 Connect to D400 gateway A GE Multilin D400 Substation Gateway can be used to collect data from UR devices in a local area network (LAN). It collects metering, status, event, and fault report data from serial or LAN-based intelligent substation devices, and it pre-processes the data.
Page 135: Setting Files
These are the configuration/settings files in the IEC 61850 SCL/IID format. The ur.iid file is saved with a "_YYMMDDhhmmss" retrieval time stamp, for example ur_170525183124.iid. It is stored in the D400 folder system using the UR site and device name. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3-67...
Page 136 CONNECT TO D400 GATEWAY CHAPTER 3: INSTALLATION 3-68 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 137: Interfaces
The EnerVista UR Setup software is provided with every L90. This chapter outlines the EnerVista software interface features. The EnerVista UR Setup Help File also provides details for getting started and using the software interface.
Page 138: Event Viewing
IP Address IP Subnet Mask IP Routing When a settings file is loaded to a L90 that is in-service, the following sequence occurs: The L90 takes itself out of service. The L90 issues a UNIT NOT PROGRAMMED major self-test error.
Page 139: File Support
Settings list / offline window area Software windows, with common toolbar Settings file data view windows, with common toolbar Workspace area with data view tabs Status bar 10. Quick action hot links L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 140: Protection Summary Window
The Protection Summary is a graphical user interface to manage elements, such as enabling and disabling them. Access it under Settings > Protection Summary. See the Settings chapter for information on use. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 141: Settings Templates
Right-click the selected device or settings file and select the Template Mode > Create Template option. The settings file template is now enabled and the file menus displayed in light blue. A message displays. The settings file is now in template editing mode. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 142 Figure 4-4: Settings template with all settings specified as locked Specify the settings to make viewable by clicking them. A setting available to view is displayed against a yellow background. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 143 Select an installed device or a settings file from the left menu of the EnerVista UR Setup window. Apply the template by selecting the Template Mode > View In Template Mode option. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 144 Once the template has been applied, users are limited to edit the settings specified by the template, but all settings are shown. The effect of applying the template to the phase time overcurrent settings is shown as follows. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 145: Secure And Lock Flexlogic Equations
4.1.8.1 Lock FlexLogic equations To lock individual entries of a FlexLogic equation: Right-click the settings file or online device and select the Template Mode > Create Template item to enable the settings template feature. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 146 The effect of applying the template to the FlexLogic entries is shown here. Figure 4-10: Locking FlexLogic entries through settings templates The FlexLogic entries are also shown as locked in the graphical view and on the front panel display. 4-10 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 147 Right-click the setting file in the offline window area and select the Edit Device Properties item. The window opens. Figure 4-12: Settings file properties window L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-11...
Page 148: Settings File Traceability
When a settings file is transferred to a L90 device, the date, time, and serial number of the L90 are sent back to EnerVista UR Setup and added to the settings file on the local computer. This information can be compared with the L90 actual values at any later date to determine if security has been compromised.
Page 149 4.1.9.2 Online device traceability information The L90 serial number and file transfer date are available for an online device through the actual values. Select the Actual Values > Product Info > Model Information menu item within the EnerVista online window as shown in the example.
Page 150: Front Panel Interface
The enhanced front panel consists of LED panels, an RS232 port, keypad, LCD display, control pushbuttons, and optional user-programmable pushbuttons. The front panel is hinged to allow access to removable modules inside the chassis. 4-14 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 151 The standard front panel can be horizontal or vertical. The following figure shows the horizontal front panel. Figure 4-18: Standard horizontal front panel The following figure shows the vertical front panel for relays ordered with the vertical option. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-15...
Page 152 The USB port is the square type B. User-programmable pushbuttons 9 to 16 can be programmed among the 10 pushbuttons on the left and right sides of the display. 4-16 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 153: Front Panel Display
The front panel can be viewed and used in the EnerVista software, for example to view an error message displayed on the front panel or the LEDs. To view the front panel in EnerVista software: Click Actual Values > Front Panel, then any option. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-17...
Page 154 The footer dynamically labels the Tab, or control, pushbuttons immediately below. Page content displays between the header and footer. The pages are arranged for navigation in a hierarchical structure similar to that used for the enhanced and standard front panels. 4-18 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 155 Active targets symbol. View error messages by pressing the Menu Tab pushbutton, then accessing the TARGETS menu. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-19...
Page 156 Factory default names are SLD 1, SLD 2, and so on. Pages that have no configured content have a blank Tab pushbutton label, and the Tab pushbutton does nothing. The label for the current page has a blue background. 4-20 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 157 Single-line diagram example The following example outlines how to create a circuit breaker diagram, then how to close the second circuit breaker. The figure shows six switches, two breakers, feeder, and ground. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-21...
Page 158 Line Diagram Editor. Add the four switches for the top line by clicking the GE switch symbol in the toolbar, then clicking in the window. If the UR device is not online, the software attempts to connect. Double-click to edit properties. Rotate switches SW569 and SW5682 to 270 degrees.
Page 159 Add the two lower switches. Leave rotation at 0 degrees. Add the breakers by clicking the GE breaker symbol in the toolbar, then clicking in the window. Double-click to edit properties, rotating 90 degrees and setting the color to red (open).
Page 160 Load — Opens single-line diagram files, which replaces all five windows with that in the file To save drawings as a separate file, click File > Save As. The file is saved in the .mif format. 4-24 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 161 Up to 32 static symbols can be used per single-line diagram. To add a symbol, click it in the toolbox, then click in the window. Double-click the symbol to open its properties window to set orientation. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-25...
Page 162 Each breaker and each disconnect can be configured to use the UR-style symbols, IEC symbols, or simple square/slash symbols as shown in the following figure. The symbols assume horizontal symbol orientation, red - closed color, and green - open scheme. With vertical orientation, they are rotated 90 degrees. 4-26 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 163 (horizontal or vertical), color scheme (red - closed, or red - open), and assigned side button (if any). If the selected breaker or disconnect element L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-27...
Page 164 A question mark displays in a symbol on the graphical front panel when status is bad. The question mark does not rotate with orientation. Figure 4-34: Symbols when status is bad The following figures show the orientation available for the static components. The default position is 0 degrees. 4-28 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 165 CHAPTER 4: INTERFACES FRONT PANEL INTERFACE Figure 4-35: Single-line diagram static symbol orientation (sheet 1 of 2) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-29...
Page 166 User-programmable pushbuttons 9 to 16 can be programmed among the 10 pushbuttons on the left and right sides of the screen display. They show dynamically and provide a means to perform the same control as a hardware user- programmable pushbutton. 4-30 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 167 To add a metering component, click the M symbol in the toolbox, then click in the window. Drag it to its final location. Double-click it to open the properties window. The figure shows the properties that can be edited. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-31...
Page 168 Self Reset, so the alarm displays in a solid color. The blue alarm type is Acknowledgeable, so the alarm flashes until it is acknowledged, for example by navigating with the arrow keys and pressing the ENTER button. The alarm then remains blue until the trigger condition is eliminated. 4-32 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 169 Alarm types of each window can be configured as Self Reset, Latched, or Acknowledgeable. In Self Reset mode, the window lighting follows the state of the configured FlexLogic operand. The self-reset mode alarm sequence conforms to ISA-18.1-1979 (R2004) standard type A 4 5 6. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-33...
Page 170 In Acknowledgeable mode, both Off to On and On to Off state changes in the configured operand cause the background to flash; the window must be acknowledged/reset to cancel flashing. This mode conforms to ISA-18.1-1979 (R2004) standard type R-6. 4-34 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 171 The last window is not configured and displays blank/grey. In order for the Ethernet and battery alarms to work, the corresponding self-test alarms have been enabled under Settings > Product Setup > User-Programmable Self Tests (not shown). L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-35...
Page 172 AC source. They display on the graphical front panel using the Metering Tab pushbutton. The path to the editor is Settings > Product Setup > Graphical Panel > Metering Editor. 4-36 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 173 Content to display is configured with the cell lines. The content can be actual values, a status indicator, or text. • Actual value — Select from the FlexAnalogs applicable to the L90, where a FlexAnalog is an analog parameter •...
Page 174: Front Panel Navigation Keys
The decimal key initiates and advances to the next character in text edit mode or enters a decimal point. key can be pressed at any time for context-sensitive help messages. HELP 4-38 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 175 Tab pushbutton — Five pushbuttons under the display. They navigate through the page hierarchy, and on some pages activate other actions. The display footer dynamically labels the page or action that is activated by the tab pushbutton. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-39...
Page 176: Led Indicators
“Enabled” or “Latched.” If a protection element target setting is “Enabled,” then the corresponding event-cause LEDs remain on as long as the operand associated with the element remains asserted. If a 4-40 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 177 Support for applying a customized label beside every LED is provided. Default labels are shipped in the label package of every L90, together with custom templates. The default labels can be replaced by user-printed labels. User customization of LED operation is of maximum benefit in installations where languages other than English are used to communicate with operators.
Page 178 Default labels for LED panel 2 The default labels are intended to represent the following: • GROUP 1...6 — The illuminated GROUP is the active settings group • BREAKER 1(2) OPEN — The breaker is open 4-42 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 179 TRIP — Indicates that the selected FlexLogic operand serving as a trip output has operated. This indicator latches; initiate the reset command to reset the latch. • ALARM — Indicates that the selected FlexLogic operand serving as an alarm output has operated L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-43...
Page 180: Front Panel Labelling
NEUTRAL/GROUND — LED 14 — Indicates that neutral or ground was involved 4.2.5 Front panel labelling 4.2.5.1 Enhanced front panel The following procedure requires these pre-requisites: • The UR front panel label cutout sheet (GE part number 1006-0047) has been downloaded from http://www.gegridsolutions.com/products/support/ur/URLEDenhanced.doc and printed • Small-bladed knife To create custom LED and pushbuttons labels for the enhanced front panel: Start the EnerVista UR Setup software.
Page 181 LED labels. Use the tool with the printed side containing the GE part number facing the user. The label package shipped with every L90 contains the three default labels, the custom label template sheet, and the label removal tool.
Page 182 Bend the tab at the center of the tool tail as shown. To remove the LED labels from the L90 front panel and insert the custom labels: Use the knife to lift the LED label and slide the label tool underneath. Ensure that the bent tabs are pointing away from the relay.
Page 183 Slide the new LED label inside the pocket until the text is properly aligned with the LEDs, as shown. To remove the user-programmable pushbutton labels from the L90 front panel and insert the custom labels: Use the knife to lift the pushbutton label and slide the tail of the label tool underneath, as shown. Ensure that the bent L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM –...
Page 184 Remove the tool and attached user-programmable pushbutton label. Slide the new user-programmable pushbutton label inside the pocket until the text is properly aligned with the 4-48 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 185 To create LED and pushbutton labels for a standard front panel: In the EnerVista software, if the L90 is not already listed in the Offline Window area, add it by right-clicking it and selecting the Add Device to Offline Window option.
Page 186 4.2.5.3 Graphical front panel The L90 includes software for labelling the LEDs and pushbuttons on the graphical front panel and a sticker sheet with pre- printed and blank labels. The pre-printed labels are on the top-left of the template sheet, and the blank labels are on the bottom-right.
Page 187: Menu Navigation
Use the down, right, left, and up arrows to navigate the menu. The up and down arrow keys move within a group of headers, sub-headers, setting values, or actual MESSAGE L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-51...
Page 188 The Page Up and Page Down Tab pushbuttons also navigate through the list. When there is only a single page of options, they jump to the first and last entries. The options displayed depend on order code. 4-52 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 189: Change Settings
This flash message momentarily appears as confirmation of the storing process. Numerical values that contain decimal places are rounded-off if more decimal place digits are entered than specified by the step value. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-53...
Page 190 An example is a confirmation message upon saving settings. This setting specifies how long to display the message. Press the Menu pushbutton to display the main menu. 4-54 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 191 Figure 4-56: Main menu Use the Up or Down pushbutton to select SETTINGS, then press the Right or ENTER pushbutton. Figure 4-57: Settings menu With PRODUCT SETUP selected, press the Right or ENTER pushbutton. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-55...
Page 192 As the FLASH MESSAGE TIME setting accepts a numerical value, a keypad displays. The time is to be changed to 4.0 seconds. 4-56 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 193 The shift key (up arrow on keyboard) is green upon activation, while the keyboard letters switch to upper case. The globe key (shown greyed-out) toggles the keyboard language between English and another display language selected, for example between English and French. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-57...
Page 194: View Actual Values
Each phasor page has a name, which consists of the value of the SOURCE # NAME setting appended with " Phasors." Phasor pages that have no configured CTs or VTs do not have a Tab pushbutton, and phasor pages that have no configured cells cannot be displayed. 4-58 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 195: Breaker Control
4.2.9 Breaker control The L90 can interface with associated circuit breakers. In many cases the application monitors the state of the breaker, that can be presented on front panel LEDs, along with a breaker trouble indication. Breaker operations can be manually initiated from the front panel keypad or automatically initiated from a FlexLogic operand.
Page 196: Change Passwords
The information in this section refers to password security. For information on how to set the password for the first time or change CyberSentry passwords, see the previous chapter or the Settings > Product Setup > Security > CyberSentry section in the next chapter. 4-60 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 197 When entering a settings or command password via EnerVista or any serial interface, the user must enter the corresponding connection password. If the connection is to the back of the L90, the remote password must be used. If the connection is to the RS232 port of the front panel, the local password must be used.
Page 198: Logic Diagrams
By default, when an incorrect Command or Setting password has been entered via the front panel three times within five minutes, the FlexLogic operand is set to “On” and the L90 does not allow settings or command level LOCAL ACCESS DENIED access via the front panel for five minutes.
Page 199: Flexlogic Design Using Engineer
Works with all UR firmware versions The figure shows an example where several inputs are used to trigger an output. With the OR function, any one of the inputs can trigger the output. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-63...
Page 200 This section explains how to use Engineer. It outlines the following topics: • Design logic • Send file to and from device • Monitor logic • View front panel • Generate connectivity report • Preferences 4-64 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 201: Design Logic
Preparation — Under Settings > Inputs/Outputs > Virtual Outputs, virtual outputs 3 and 4 are named DLTrigger Top logic — Seven-minute timer trigger Bottom logic — Turn on LED 9 for 10 seconds when the trigger starts L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-65...
Page 202 This procedure uses input / output logic as an example. To create a logic diagram: In the Offline Window area, access Engineer for the device, then Logic Designer. If the device is not listed, right-click 4-66 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 203 Add the input blocks to the logic diagram. For example, click the I/O Tokens tab on the right, click the Input element, then click in the logic sheet to add it. Or drag-and-drop it. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-67...
Page 204 Line option. The cursor needs to be at the connection point to end the line, not elsewhere on the block. Note that the outline color is no longer red on the blocks. 4-68 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 205 The warning "input using disabled feature" means that input needs to be enabled. Double-click the block, click the View Associated Screen button, enable the setting, save, and recompile. The output and messages are explained in the next section. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-69...
Page 206 IEC 61850 panel and thereby become synchronized. The CID file and the IID file (depending on the preference 'Do not update IID file when updating SCL files') are updated. If the CID file is not already there, it is generated. 4-70 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 207 FLEXLOGIC DESIGN USING ENGINEER The location of these files is C:\ProgramData\GE Power Management\urpc, for example, in the Offline and Online folders. Any FlexLogic equations entered in the Offline Window area are erased. The logic drawn in the Logic Designer window in Engineer in the Offline Window area remain.
Page 208 Click the Ok button to save and exit from the window. In the logic diagram, select an element, then click in the drawing area to add it, click again to add a second box, and so on. 4-72 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 209 Optimization Summary. Changes also display when the FlexLogic Equation Editor is accessed. The logic diagram does not change. In the example shown, no lines were saved to free up space. Figure 4-81: Code optimization results L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-73...
Page 210 Type in the second text string box, or select any of the 32 previous searches from the drop-down list. Click the Search button. Any results display. The search applies to all tabs, not just the active tab. Double-click a search result to view the item. 4-74 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 211: Send File To And From Device
When a window opens, select the device to which you want to send the file, then click the Send button and confirm. The order codes must match. The file is sent to the live device. Any errors can be viewed in the log file at the prompt. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-75...
Page 212: Monitor Logic
(green box outline). In this case, the battery is weak and needs to be replaced. This can be viewed as the Replace Battery message on the front panel of the device and in the EnerVista software under Actual Values > Front Panel > Front Panel or Display/Keypad. 4-76 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 213: View Front Panel And Print Labels
To save the report and labels, click File > Save As, enter a file name, and select the FPR, JPG, or PDF format. Use the instructions in the second tab of the window to add the labels to the physical device. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-77...
Page 214: Generate Connectivity Report
View > Toolbar > Advanced Actions — Active when in Logic Designer. Toggles a toolbar to nudge, rotate, flip, or change the order of an element. View > Show Unused Pins — Enable to display unconnected pins. Disable to eliminate unconnected pins from the view, for example when printing. 4-78 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 215 File Information The text entered here displays at the bottom right of a diagram when printing, provided that the Show Title Block option is enabled. Note the option to change the logo from the GE logo to your company logo. Display The panel sets how the element boxes display.
Page 216 The software displays the color specified when an element is on. There is no color when the element is off. The software displays another color when the status cannot be determined and is unknown. 4-80 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 217 Options display for filtering, such as recording timing for Virtual Inputs and Outputs, but not Communications Status. 4.4.6.4 COMTRADE waveforms Waveform files are viewable in the EnerVista software. The preferences are unrelated to Engineer and are outlined in the UR Family Communications Guide. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-81...
Page 218: Toolbars
4.4.7.2 Token Toolbox Drawing Tools Draw a line. Click and drag to draw. Draw multiple joined lines. Click and drag for each line. Double-click to finish. 4-82 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 219 Input from another UR device. Teleprotection inputs/outputs and direct inputs/outputs are mutually exclusive and cannot be used simultaneously. Teleprotection inputs/outputs and direct inputs/outputs are mutually exclusive and cannot be used simultaneously. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-83...
Page 220 Tag-In can is used to reference an existing Tag-Out. It joins another diagram to a previous diagram. Boolean Tokens These symbols are used to create FlexLogic Equations. Use them as intermediate logic for the Virtual Output equations. The display can vary from that shown here. 4-84 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 221 Place a positive one shot and a negative one shot symbol in the Logic Designer diagram Place a timer in the Logic Designer diagram Elements These blocks configure properties of the element or use element operands as input to FlexLogic equations. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-85...
Page 222 Set the width of the selected components to the same width as the reference component Same Height Set the height of the selected components to the same height as the reference component 4-86 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 223 Front, Back Moves current components to the absolute front or back of all viewable layers Forward, Backward Moves current components on layer higher or lower than its original layer hierarchy L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4-87...
Page 224 FLEXLOGIC DESIGN USING ENGINEER CHAPTER 4: INTERFACES 4-88 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 225: Settings
 REAL TIME See page 5-108   CLOCK  FAULT REPORTS See page 5-113    OSCILLOGRAPHY See page 5-116    DATA LOGGER See page 5-118   L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 226 See page 5-214    LATCHES  SETTINGS  SETTING GROUP 1 See page 5-216   GROUPED ELEMENTS   SETTING GROUP 2     SETTING GROUP 3   L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 227 See page 5-420    DIRECT OUTPUTS See page 5-421    RESETTING See page 5-421     SETTINGS  DCMA INPUTS See page 5-422   TRANSDUCER I/O  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 228: Overview
For example, if CT1 = 300 / 5 A and CT2 = 100 / 1 A, then in order to sum these, CT2 is scaled to the CT1 ratio. In this case, the base quantity is 300 A primary, 5 A secondary for CT1, and 300/(100/1) = 3 A secondary for CT2. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 229 Not every operand of a given element in a UR relay generates events, only the major output operands. Elements, asserting output per phase, log operating phase output only, without asserting the common three-phase operand event. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 230: Introduction To Ac Sources
Sources, in the context of L90 relays, refer to the logical grouping of current and voltage signals such that one source contains all the signals required to measure the load or fault in a particular power apparatus. A given source can contain all or some of the following signals: three-phase currents, single-phase ground current, three-phase voltages and an auxiliary voltages from a single-phase VT for checking for synchronism.
Page 231 CTs through which any portion of the current for the element being protected could flow. Auxiliary CTs are required to perform ratio matching if the ratios of the primary CTs to be summed are not identical. In the L90, provisions have been included for all the current signals to be brought to the device where grouping, CT ratio correction, and summation are applied internally via configuration settings.
Page 232: Product Setup
Password security — Basic security present by default • EnerVista security — Role-based access to various EnerVista software screens and configuration elements. The feature is present by default in the EnerVista software. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 233 To reset the unit after a lost password: Email GE customer service at multilin.tech@ge.com with the serial number and using a recognizable corporate email account. Customer service provides a code to reset the relay to the factory defaults.
Page 234 When entering a settings or command password via EnerVista or any serial interface, the user must enter the corresponding connection password. If the connection is to the back of the L90, the remote password must be used. If the connection is to the RS232 port of the front panel, the local password must be used.
Page 235 When an original password has already been used, enter it in the Enter Password field and click the Send Password to Device button. Re-enter the password in the Confirm Password field. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-11...
Page 236 INVALID ATTEMPTS BEFORE LOCKOUT The L90 provides a means to raise an alarm upon failed password entry. If password verification fails while accessing a password-protected level of the relay (either settings or commands), the FlexLogic operand is UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS asserted.
Page 237 ACCESS AUTH TIMEOUT immediately denied. If access is permitted and an off-to-on transition of the FlexLogic operand is detected, the timeout is restarted. The status of this timer updates every five seconds. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-13...
Page 238 The EnerVista security system allows an administrator to manage access privileges of multiple users of EnerVista. It is disabled by default to allow access to the device immediately after installation. When security is disabled, all users have administrator access. GE recommends enabling the EnerVista security before placing the device in service. 5-14...
Page 239 If you force password entry by using this feature, ensure that you know the Administrator password. If you do not know the password and are locked out of the software, contact GE Grid Solutions for the default password of a UR device.
Page 240 The EnerVista security management system must be enabled (the Enable Security check box enabled) To modify user privileges: Select the Security > User Management item from the top menu to open the user management window. Locate the username in the User field. 5-16 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 241 This feature requires a CyberSentry software option. See the Order Codes section in chapter 2 for details. The EnerVista software provides the means to configure and authenticate the L90 access using either a server or the device. Access to functions depends on user role.
Page 242 When the "Device" button is selected, the L90 uses its local authentication database and not the RADIUS server to authenticate the user. In this case, it uses built-in roles (Administrator, Engineer, Supervisor, Operator, Observer, or Administrator and Supervisor when Device Authentication is disabled), as login accounts and the associated passwords are stored on the L90 device.
Page 243 Figure 5-3: Security panel when CyberSentry installed For the Device > Settings > Product Setup > Supervisory option, the panel looks like the following. Figure 5-4: Supervisory panel For the Security panel, the following settings are available. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-19...
Page 244 Administrator is to re-enable Device authentication when Device authentication is disabled. To re-enable Device authentication, the Supervisor unlocks the device for setting changes, and then the Administrator can re- enable Device authentication. 5-20 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 245 Range: Administrator, Engineer, Supervisor,   None Operator, Factory (for factory use only), None  CHANGE LOCAL See page 5-22   PASSWORDS  SESSION See page 5-23   SETTINGS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-21...
Page 246 • Observer — This role has read-only access to all L90 settings. This role allows unlimited concurrent access but it has no download access to any files on the device. Observer is the default role if no authentication has been done to the device.
Page 247 In Device authentication mode, the Observer role does not have a password associated with it. In Server authentication mode the Observer role requires a password. If you are locked out of the software, contact GE Grid Solutions for the default password. When using CyberSentry, the default password is "ChangeMe1#".
Page 248 SETTINGS  PRODUCT SETUP  SECURITY  SUPERVISORY  SELF TESTS  SELF TESTS  FAILED See below   AUTHENTICATE  FIRMWARE LOCK: Range: Enabled, Disabled  Enabled SETTINGS LOCK: Range: Enabled, Disabled  Enabled 5-24 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 249 After making any required changes, log out. When changing settings offline, ensure that only settings permitted by the role that performs the settings download are changed because only those changes are applied. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-25...
Page 250 If "System Integrity Recovery" events are logged during a restart of the unit due to an incorrect shutdown sequence, upgrade the firmware to version 7.31 or later to correct this issue. 5-26 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 251: Display Properties
CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS PRODUCT SETUP In addition to supporting syslog, a L90 with CyberSentry also saves the security events in two local security files, these being SECURITY_EVENTS.CSV and SETTING_CHANGES.LOG. Details on these files and how to retrieve them are available in the EnerVista software under Maintenance >...
Page 252 Some customers prefer very low currents to display as zero, while others prefer the current to display even when the value reflects noise rather than the actual signal. The L90 applies a cut-off value to the magnitudes and angles of the measured currents.
Page 253: Graphical Front Panel
The path is Settings > Product Setup > Graphical Panel > Home Page. The menu does not display when there is no graphical front panel. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-29...
Page 254 Whenever an annunciator window changes state this list is re-evaluated, which can result in the home page displaying a different annunciator page. The Tabular option displays a configured actual values/metering page. The Targets option displays error messages. 5-30 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 255 If the display rolls, the rolling mode pages remain displaying regardless of the home page or rolling mode delay specified. Each page displays for a few seconds; duration cannot be set. The path is Settings > Product Setup > Graphical Panel > Rolling Mode. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-31...
Page 256 Range: 1 to 10 in steps of 1 Default: 1 This setting specifies the number of rolling pages. During rolling mode, the graphical front panel displays pages from 1 to the selected number. 5-32 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 257 Metering Tab pushbutton on the graphical front panel. The Metering Editor is not used. The figures show setup and preview for monitoring actual values in a table on the graphical front panel. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-33...
Page 258 A maximum of eight Status Inputs can be used per metering page, and 16 in all metering pages. Select the metering input from the drop-down list. The options reflect the FlexLogic operands applicable to the L90. They are inputs for all five metering pages, not just the current page.
Page 259 Range: 24-bit color selector Default: Black Set the text color to display in the specified cell. BACK COLOR Range: 24-bit color selector Default: Grey Set the background color to display for the specified cell. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-35...
Page 260 Range: 1 to 12 in steps of 1 Default: 1 This setting specifies the number of integers in the displayed metered value. It can be used to provide for leading character spacing of the display value. 5-36 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 261 User-Programmable Self Tests (not shown). When the alarms are triggered, they display with a red background. An alarm is acknowledged by using the arrow keys on the graphical front panel then pressing the Enter button. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-37...
Page 262 Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters Default: Page 1...Page 8 Up to 20 characters can be input as the name of each annunciator page. The number of pages depends on the Layout. 5-38 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 263 The background color to display for any triggered cell, for example when alarm is triggered. Configure Range: Configure Default: Configure The Configure button becomes active when the CONTENT field is set to "Actual" or "Mixed." The window configures metered values. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-39...
Page 264 (such as wrong password), IRIG-B clock failure, or breaker trouble, the Event Records display. When a breaker opens, a single-line diagram displays. For the Ethernet and IRIG-B failure operation to work, these functions also have been enabled under Settings > Product Setup > User-Programmable Self Tests. 5-40 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 265: Clear Relay Records
SETTINGS  PRODUCT SETUP  CLEAR RELAY RECORDS  CLEAR RELAY CLEAR FAULT REPORTS: Range: FlexLogic operand   RECORDS CLEAR EVENT RECORDS: Range: FlexLogic operand  CLEAR OSCILLOGRAPHY: Range: FlexLogic operand  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-41...
Page 266: Communications
Selected records can be cleared from user-programmable conditions with FlexLogic operands. Assigning user- programmable pushbuttons to clear specific records is a typical application for these commands. Since the L90 responds to rising edges of the configured FlexLogic operands, they must be asserted for at least 50 ms to take effect.
Page 267 5.3.5.3 Ethernet network topology The L90 has three Ethernet ports. Each Ethernet port must belong to a different network or subnetwork. Configure the IP address and subnet to ensure that each port meets this requirement. Two subnets are different when the bitwise AND operation performed between their respective IP address and mask produces a different result.
Page 268 SCADA is provided through LAN2. P2 and P3 are connected to LAN2, where P2 is the primary channel and P3 is the redundant channel. In this configuration, P3 uses the IP and MAC addresses of P2. 5-44 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 269 LAN2, to which port 2 (P2) is connected, and communications with SCADA on LAN3, to which port 3 (P3) is connected. There is no redundancy. Figure 5-15: Multiple LANS, no redundancy L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-45...
Page 270 IP addresses and mask. Configure the network IP and subnet settings before configuring the routing settings. To obtain a list of all port numbers used, for example for audit purposes, contact GE technical support with substantiating information, such as the serial number and order code of your device.
Page 271 2 is performed. The delay in switching back ensures that rebooted switching devices connected to the L90, which signal their ports as active prior to being completely functional, have time to completely initialize themselves and become active. Once port 2 is active again, port 3 returns to standby mode.
Page 272 UR 7 redundancy Failover is selected for redundancy. 5.3.5.6 Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) The L90 is provided with optional PRP capability. This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. See the Order Codes section in chapter 2 for details.
Page 273 Delete the default route by replacing the default gateway with the default value of 127.0.0.1. General conditions to be satisfied by static routes The following rules are validated internally: L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-49...
Page 274 Port 2 (IP address 10.1.2.2) connects the UR to LAN 10.1.2.0/24 and to the EnerVista software through Router2. Router2 has an interface on 10.1.2.0/24 and the IP address of this interface is 10.1.2.1. The configuration before release 7.10 was as follows: 5-50 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 275  MODBUS PROTOCOL MODBUS SLAVE Range: 1 to 254 in steps of 1   ADDRESS: 254 MODBUS TCP PORT Range: 0 to 65535 in steps of 1  NUMBER(502): 502 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-51...
Page 276 0 disables Modbus over TCP/IP, meaning closes the Modbus TCP port. When the port number is changed to 0, the change takes effect when the L90 is restarted. When it is set to 0, use the front panel or serial port to communicate with the relay.
Page 277 Range: 0 to 65519 in steps of 1  DEST ADDRESS: 1 DNP CURRENT SCALE Range: 0.001, 0.01. 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000,  FACTOR: 1 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-53...
Page 278 Range: 0 to 32 in steps of 1  CONTROL POINTS: 0 DNP TCP CONNECTION Range: 10 to 7200 s in steps of 1  TIMEOUT: 120 s DNP EVENT TIME BASE: Range: UTC, LOCAL  LOCAL 5-54 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 279 DNP ADDRESS unique address to each DNP slave. The L90 can specify a maximum of five clients for its DNP connections. These are IP addresses for the controllers to which the L90 can connect. The settings follow. SETTINGS  PRODUCT SETUP  COMMUNICATIONS  DNP PROTOCOL  DNP NETWORK CLIENT ADDRESSES ...
Page 280 DNP TCP connection for greater than the time specified by this setting, the connection is aborted by the L90. This frees up the connection to be re-used by a client. For any change to take effect, restart the relay.
Page 281 60870-5-104 point lists must be in one continuous block, any points assigned after the first “Off” point are ignored. 5.3.5.12 IEC 61850 protocol The L90 is provided with optional IEC 61850 communications. This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. See the Order Codes section in chapter 2 for details.
Page 282 The maximum number of simultaneous clients supported by the UR family is five. EnerVista setup for IEC 61850 The EnerVista UR Setup software provides the interface to configure L90 settings for the IEC 61850 protocol. This section describes this interface. The software also supports import/export and merging of IEC 61850 Substation Configuration Language (SCL) files as documented in the UR Family Communications Guide.
Page 283 Figure 5-19: IEC 61850 panel Opening the IEC 61850 window while online causes the UR Setup software to retrieve and import an SCL file from the L90. This System Configuration Description (SCD) file contains all the settings in the UR at the time of the file request, both those that are mapped into the IEC 61850 information model (that is, the "public"...
Page 284 When the Save button is clicked in the online IEC 61850 window, UR Setup software prepares a configured IED description (CID) file containing all the settings of the UR and sends the CID file to the L90. Upon receipt, the L90 checks the CID file for correctness, going out of service, then back into service when the CID file is accepted.
Page 285 Range: status-only, direct-with-normal-security, sbo-with-normal-security Default: sbo-with-normal-security This setting specifies the control service that clients must use to control the TEST MODE FUNCTION of the L90. An "on" control to <LDName>/LLN0.Mod changes TEST MODE FUNCTION to Disabled, an "on-blocked" control changes it to Forcible, and a "test/blocked"...
Page 286 The LLN0 in the Master logical device, which includes setting group, GOOSE and report control blocks, and datasets • LPHD1 — Models common issues for physical devices • GGIO1 — For unmapped FlexLogic operands 5-62 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 287 Figure 5-23: Menu for logical node If the insert option is selected, or the edit option is selected for other than the Master logical device, a logical device parameters edit dialog opens. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-63...
Page 288 Each logical device inst name is required to be unique within the device, and it cannot be blank. Also, if the corresponding functional ldName setting is blank, the concatenation of the IED name and the logical device 5-64 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 289 The UR increments the value of paramRev by one whenever one or multiple setting changes occurs in one Modbus write request by any means (front panel, Modbus, or MMS) other than by SCL file L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-65...
Page 290 A v7.4 device can send an R-GOOSE message to another v7.4 device when both have R-GOOSE active as the protocol • A v7.4 device can send a GOOSE message to another v7.4 device when both have GOOSE active as the protocol 5-66 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 291 Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > GOOSE > TxGOOSE > TxGOOSE1 to access the settings for the first TxGOOSE. The settings and functionality for the others are similar. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-67...
Page 292 Range: 0 to 129 VisibleString characters Default: TxGOOSE1 The entered value sets the goID value published in TxGOOSE1 messages, and can be used by subscribers to discriminate the TxGOOSE1 messages from other GOOSE messages. 5-68 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 293 VID values of 0 and 1 are assigned by IEEE 802.1Q to other functions and are not to be used for GOOSE. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-69...
Page 294 Also, Port 3 configuration in the CID file is ignored. The Port 3 ConnectedAP elements has no meaning, as ports 2 and 3 use the port 2 MAC address, IP address, and mask. 5-70 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 295 (test field in edition 1.0 messages) are accepted only when the UR Test Mode Function setting is set to Forcible or Isolated. RxGOOSE messages can be received through any UR Ethernet port. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-71...
Page 296 RxGOOSE1 messages. An entered address of zero disables RxGOOSE1. If the publisher is a UR series 7.3x device, the setting needs to match the value of the publisher’s TxGOOSE DST MAC setting. 5-72 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 297 <GoCBName> is the name of the publishing control block. The L90 translates the ACSI format required for this setting to the MMS format used in GOOSE messages: <LDName>/LLN0$GO$<GoCBName> If the publisher is a UR 7.3x or 7.40 series device, <LDName> is the value of the publisher's Master functional ldName setting if that setting is not empty, otherwise it is the value of the publisher's IED NAME suffixed with "Master".
Page 298 7.40 UR Setup RxGOOSE Inputs pages. In this case the Member setting displays as the product-related name used by the publishing IED of the data object or data attribute, in standard SCSM format (e.g. Publisher1LD1/LLN0$ST$Off$stVal). 5-74 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 299 (supported in version 7.40 and later). When the file format is SCD, the system lists all IEDs inside the SCD file and lets the user select the ones to add. The figure shows a selection being made by importing a CID file using the Add IED function. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-75...
Page 300 This setting selects the logic state for the RxGOOSE Boolean1 FlexLogic operand if the UR has just completed startup and the selected RxGOOSE has not yet received a message, or the selected RxGOOSE has lost its connectivity with the publisher. The following choices are available: 5-76 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 301 Default: None This setting selects the GOOSE message containing the value that drives the RxGOOSE DPS1 FlexLogic operand. If set to None, the RxGOOSE DPS1 FlexLogic operand assumes its default state. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-77...
Page 302 (supported in version 7.40 and later). When the file format is SCD, the system lists all IEDs inside the SCD file and lets the user select the ones to add. Figure 5-31: RxGOOSE Analog Inputs panel There are 32 RxGOOSE analog inputs. 5-78 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 303 Range: 0.000 to 1000000000.000 in steps of 0.001 Default: 1.000 This setting specifies the per-unit base value for other L90 features to use with the RxGOOSE Analog1 operand. A FlexElement for instance subtracts two quantities after converting their values to integers rescaled to a common base, the common base being the largest of the base values of the two quantities.
Page 304 RptEna attribute is false. Buffered and unbuffered reports Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > Reports > Buffered Reports or Unbuffered Reports. 5-80 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 305 Also, the control block can be configured to send integrity reports containing the present value of all members either on demand from the client or periodically. A TCP handshaking mechanism causes messages that are not read and acknowledged by the client to be retransmitted. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-81...
Page 306 Control blocks and data sets can be pre-configured by sending the L90 a CID file. See the UR Family Communications Guide for details. EnerVista UR Setup also can be used to select the data set members and to pre-configure the control blocks.
Page 307 This setting selects the data set whose members' status is reported in Unbuffered Report1 messages using the UR Setup software designator for the data set. The IEC 61850 name of the data sets are configured in the Datasets panel, as described later. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-83...
Page 308 DataSets Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > DataSets. 5-84 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 309 The DataSet name is not copied or pasted. In short, use this feature to copy a DataSet Member setting and paste it into another Member setting, a text file, or Word, as examples. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-85...
Page 310 Select the member from the drop-down list. Or right-click an entry to copy, paste, delete, or insert. Product setup Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > Product Setup. 5-86 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 311 Deadband parameters of measured values related to the Energy metering are configured here. Real Time Clock Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > Product Setup > Real Time Clock. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-87...
Page 312 However, a tabulation of the analog values and their associated deadband setting can be found in the UR Family Communications Guide. 5-88 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 313 Auxiliary voltage — 275 x auxiliary VT ration setting • Power (real, reactive, apparent, 3-phase, and 1-phase) — 4 × phase CT primary setting × 1.5 × VT Secondary setting × VT ratio setting L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-89...
Page 314 While the selected operand is asserted, Bkr0XCBR1.Loc.stVal is true and IEC 61850 commands to BkrCSWI1.Pos and Bkr0XCBR1.Pos are not accepted, and a Negative Response (-Rsp) is issued with the REASON CODE of Blocked-by- switching-hierarchy. 5-90 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 315 Bkr0XCBR1.BlkOpn.ctlVal signal on the Breaker Control Logic (Sheet 1 of 2) diagram in the Settings > System Setup section later. This signal when true blocks breaker 1 trip control while the operand selected by setting XCBR1 ST.LOC OPERAND is not active. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-91...
Page 316 Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > System Setup > Switches > Switch 1 to access the settings that configure the IEC 61850 protocol interface with the first disconnect switch control and status monitoring element. The settings and functionality for the others are similar. 5-92 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 317 > System Setup section later. These signals force a disconnect switch trip or close control while the operand selected by setting XSWI1 ST.LOC OPERAND is not active. "sbo" here is select-before-operate. Enhanced security means that the L90 reports to the client the disconnect switch 1 position the end of the command sequence.
Page 318 SelectEditSG. The setting related to these IEC 61850 commands are described here. Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > Control Elements > Setting Groups to access the setting that configures the IEC 61850 setting group commands. 5-94 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 319 Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > Settings for Commands to access the settings that configure the IEC 61850 protocol interface for record clear commands. Figure 5-43: Commands panel L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-95...
Page 320 This setting selects the control model clients must use to successfully control the command CLEAR FAULT REPORTS. "sbo" here is select-before-operate. Enhanced security means that the L90 reports to the client the breaker 1 position at the end of the command sequence.
Page 321 Navigate to Settings > Product Setup > Communications > IEC 61850 > GGIO > GGIO2 to access the settings that configure the IEC 61850 protocol interface for Virtual Input commands. Figure 5-45: GGIO2 panel L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-97...
Page 322 <LDName>/GGIO4.AnIn01.instMag.f. The value of the FlexAnalog operand is converted automatically to the format and scaling required by the standard, that is to say primary amperes, primary volts, and so on. See Appendix A for a list of FlexAnalog operands. 5-98 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 323 File transfer by IEC 61850 The L90 supports file transfer by IEC 61850. The approach is as follows, using the SISCO AX-S4 61850 client software as an example. In the AX-S4 61850 Explorer window, click the Tools menu and access the SISCO File Transfer Utility.
Page 324 NUMBER(80): 80 The L90 contains an embedded web server and can display pages in a web browser. The web pages are organized as a series of menus that can be accessed starting at the L90 “Main Menu.” Web pages are read-only and are available showing DNP and IEC 60870-5-104 points lists, Modbus registers, event records, fault reports, and so on.
Page 325 NUMBER: 0 The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) can be used to transfer files from the L90 over a network. The L90 operates as a TFTP server. TFTP client software is available from various sources, including Microsoft Windows NT. The dir.txt file obtained from the L90 contains a list and description of all available files, for example event records and oscillography.
Page 326 COMMUNICATIONS  PROTOCOL connected to a maximum of two masters (usually either an RTU or a SCADA master station). Since the L90 maintains two sets of IEC 60870-5-104 data change buffers, ideally no more than two masters actively communicate with the L90 at one time.
Page 327 PTP, or SNTP, its time is overwritten by these three sources, if any of them is active. If the synchronization timeout occurs and none of IRIG-B, PTP, or SNTP is active, the L90 sets the invalid bit in the time stamp of a time-tagged message.
Page 328 Spontaneous transmission occurs as a response to cyclic Class 2 requests. If the L90 wants to transmit Class 1 data at that time, it demands access for Class 1 data transmission (ACD=1 in the control field of the response).
Page 329 INFORMATION NUMBER (INF) as defined in IEC 60870-103. For any change to take effect, restart the relay. — This is the cyclic period used by the L90 to decide when a measurand ASDU is included in a SCAN TIMEOUT (SCAN TOUT) response.
Page 330 FlexAnalog operands. The measurands sent are voltage, current, power, power factor, and frequency. If any other FlexAnalog is chosen, the L90 sends 0 instead of its value. Note that the power is transmitted in KW, not W. Measurands are transmitted as ASDU 3 or ASDU 9 (type identification value set to measurands I, respectively measurands II).
Page 331 Commands are received as General Command (Type Identification 20). The user can configure the action to perform when an ASDU command comes. A list of available mappings is provided on the L90. This includes 64 virtual inputs (see the following table). The ON and OFF for the same ASDU command can be mapped to different virtual inputs.
Page 332: Modbus User Map
ADDRESS The UR Family Communications Guide outlines the Modbus memory map. The map is also viewable in a web browser; enter the IP address of the L90 in a web browser and click the option. 5.3.7 Real-time clock 5.3.7.1 Menu SETTINGS ...
Page 333 FlexLogic operand is CLOCK UNSYNCHRONIZED activated. When the L30/L90 channel asymmetry function is used, the relay’s real time clock must be synchronized to an external time source using PTP or IRIG-B, typically from a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. setting displays when the relay includes the IEEE 1588 software option. The setting configures...
Page 334 See the Order Codes section in chapter 2 for details. The L90 supports the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) specified in IEEE Std 1588 2008 using the Power Profile (PP) specified in IEEE Std C37.238 2011. This enables the relay to synchronize to the international time standard over an Ethernet network that implements PP.
Page 335 Range: Enabled, Disabled  Disabled  SNTP SERVER IP ADDR: Range: standard IP address format  0.0.0.0 SNTP UDP PORT Range: 1 to 65535 in steps of 1  NUMBER: 123 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-111...
Page 336 L90 clock is closely synchronized with the SNTP/ NTP server. It takes up to two minutes for the L90 to signal an SNTP self-test error if the server is offline.
Page 337: Fault Reports
FAULT REP 1 SYSTEM Range: 0.01 to 650.00 ohms in steps of 0.01  Z0 MAG: 2.00 Ω FAULT REP 1 SYSTEM Range: 25 to 90° in steps of 1  Z0 ANGLE: 75° L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-113...
Page 338 The L90 relay supports one fault report and an associated fault locator per CT bank to a maximum of four. The signal source and trigger condition, as well as the characteristics of the line or feeder, are entered in this menu.
Page 339 Also, the relay checks if the auxiliary signal configured is marked as “Vn” by the user (under VT setup) and inhibits the fault location if the auxiliary signal is labeled differently. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-115...
Page 340: Oscillography
ACTUAL VALUES  menu to view the number of cycles captured per record. The following table provides sample RECORDS  OSCILLOGRAPHY configurations with corresponding cycles/record. The minimum number of oscillographic records is three. 5-116 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 341 To populate quickly the rows in the Offline Window, use Ctrl C/V to copy/paste, or click then double-click a row to display a quick selection window. Figure 5-50: Quick selection window L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-117...
Page 342: Data Logger
The relay automatically partitions the available memory between the channels in use. The following table outlines examples of storage capacities for a system frequency of 60 Hz. 5-118 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 343: Demand
SETTINGS  PRODUCT SETUTP  DEMAND  DEMAND CRNT DEMAND METHOD: Range: Thermal Exponential, Block Interval, Rolling  Thermal Exponential Demand  POWER DEMAND METHOD: Range: Thermal Exponential, Block Interval, Rolling  Thermal Exponential Demand L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-119...
Page 344 Start Demand Interval logic input pulses. Each new value of demand becomes available at the end of each pulse. Assign a FlexLogic operand to the setting to program the input for the new DEMAND TRIGGER demand interval pulses. 5-120 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 345: User-Programmable Leds
5.3.12.3 LED test SETTINGS  PRODUCT SETUP  USER-PROGRAMMABLE LEDS  LED TEST  LED TEST LED TEST FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled   Disabled LED TEST CONTROL: Range: FlexLogic operand  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-121...
Page 346 The test responds to the position and rising edges of the control input defined by the LED TEST CONTROL setting. The control pulses must last at least 250 ms to take effect. The following diagram explains how the test is executed. 5-122 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 347 2. When stage 2 is completed, stage 3 starts automatically. The test can be cancelled at any time by pressing the pushbutton. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-123...
Page 348 AR ENABLED LED 10 operand BREAKER 1 CLOSED LED 22 operand AR DISABLED LED 11 operand BREAKER 1 TROUBLE LED 23 operand AR RIP LED 12 operand LED 24 operand AR LO 5-124 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 349: User-Programmable Self-Tests
SFP MODULE FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled  FUNCTION: Disabled BATTERY FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled  FUNCTION: Enabled SNTP FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled  FUNCTION: Enabled IRIG-B FAIL Range: Disabled, Enabled  FUNCTION: Enabled L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-125...
Page 350: Control Pushbuttons
The location of the control pushbuttons are shown in the following figures. Figure 5-53: Control pushbuttons (enhanced front panel) An additional four control pushbuttons are included on the standard front panel when the L90 is ordered with the 12 user- programmable pushbutton option.
Page 351: User-Programmable Pushbuttons
SETTINGS  PRODUCT SETUP  USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS  USER PUSHBUTTON 1(16)  USER PUSHBUTTON 1 PUSHBUTTON 1 Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled  FUNCTION: Disabled  PUSHBTN 1 ID TEXT: Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters  USER PB 1 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-127...
Page 352  EVENTS: Disabled The L90 is provided with this optional feature, specified as an option at the time of ordering. Using the order code for your device, see the order codes in chapter 2 for details. User-programmable pushbuttons provide an easy and error-free method of entering digital state (on, off) information. The number depends on the front panel ordered.
Page 353 Each pushbutton has an associated LED indicator. By default, this indicator displays the present status of the corresponding pushbutton (on or off). However, each LED indicator can be assigned to any FlexLogic operand through the setting. PUSHBTN 1 LED CTL L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-129...
Page 354 ID information of the pushbutton. See the User-definable Displays section in this chapter for instructions on how to enter alphanumeric characters from the keypad. On a graphical front panel, this setting instead controls the label of the user-programmable pushbutton component on single-line diagrams. 5-130 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 355 To allow front panel keypad operation, when a keypad button is pressed the message is supressed for 10 seconds. — If this setting is enabled, each user-programmable pushbutton state change is logged as an PUSHBUTTON 1 EVENTS event into the event recorder. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-131...
Page 356 PRODUCT SETUP CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS The figures show the user-programmable pushbutton logic. Figure 5-59: User-programmable pushbutton logic (Sheet 1 of 2) 5-132 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 357: Flex State Parameters
The state bits can be read out in the “Flex States” register array beginning at Modbus address 0900h. Sixteen states are packed into each register, with the lowest-numbered state in the lowest-order bit. Sixteen registers accommodate the 256 state bits. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-133...
Page 358: User-Definable Displays
When this type of entry occurs, the sub-menus are automatically configured with the proper content—this content can be edited subsequently. 5-134 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 359: Installation
The units are only displayed on both lines if the units specified both the top and bottom line items are different. 5.3.18 Installation SETTINGS  PRODUCT SETUP  INSTALLATION  INSTALLATION RELAY SETTINGS: Range: Not Programmed, Programmed   Not Programmed L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-135...
Page 360: Remote Resources
5.4 Remote resources 5.4.1 Remote resources configuration When the L90 is ordered with a process card module as a part of HardFiber system, an additional Remote Resources menu tree is available in the EnerVista software to allow configuration of the HardFiber system.
Page 361: System Setup
CTs are adjusted to that created by a 1000:1 CT before summation. If a protection element is set up to act on SRC 1 currents, then a pickup level of 1 pu operates on 1000 A primary. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-137...
Page 362: Power System
 60 Hz PHASE ROTATION: Range: ABC, ACB  FREQUENCY AND PHASE Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4  REFERENCE: SRC 1 FREQUENCYTRACKING: Range: Disabled, Enabled  Enabled 5-138 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 363: Signal Sources
FREQUENCY TRACKING frequency applications. The frequency tracking feature functions only when the L90 is in the “Programmed” mode. If the L90 is “Not Programmed,” then metering values are available but can exhibit significant errors. Select the nominal system frequency as 50 Hz or 60 Hz only. The...
Page 364 CT wiring problem. A disturbance detector is provided for each source. The 50DD function responds to the changes in magnitude of the sequence currents. The disturbance detector logic is as follows. 5-140 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 365 8 CTs 4 CTs, 4 VTs 4 CTs, 4 VTs C60, D60, G30, G60, L30, L90, M60, T60 not applicable This configuration can be used on a two-winding transformer, with one winding connected into a breaker-and-a-half system. The following figure shows the arrangement of sources used to provide the functions required in this application, and the CT/VT inputs that are used to provide the data.
Page 366: Power System
 NUMBER OF CHANNELS: Range: 1, 2  CHARGING CURRENT Range: Disabled, Enabled  COMPENSATN: Disabled POS SEQ CAPACITIVE Range: 0.100 to 65.535 kΩin steps of 0.001  REACTANCE: 0.100 kΩ 5-142 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 367   TRANSFORMER Any changes to the L90 power system settings change the protection system configuration. As such, the 87L protection at all L90 protection system terminals must be temporarily disabled to allow the relays to acknowledge the new settings.
Page 368 2 (or 3 for a three-terminal line) before use in the previous equations. If the reactors installed at both ends of the line are different, the following equations apply: For two terminal line: Eq. 5-10 For three terminal line: Eq. 5-11 where 5-144 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 369 LOCAL (TERMINAL 1 and TERMINAL 2) ID NUMBER desirable to ensure the data used by the relays protecting a given line comes from the correct relays. The L90 performs this check by reading the ID number contained in the messages sent by transmitting relays and comparing this ID to the programmed correct ID numbers by the receiving relays.
Page 370 Fail-safe output of the GPS receiver — Some receivers can be equipped with the fail-safe output relay. The L90 system requires a maximum error of 250 µs. The fail-safe output of the GPS receiver can be connected to the local L90 via an input contact.
Page 371 µs, or accuracy less than 250 µs, or unknown accuracy/error (that is, not locked to an international time standard). Apply two security counts (2 seconds) to both set and reset of this operand when change is based on accuracy. There is no corresponding quality test for IRIG-B sources here. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-147...
Page 372 5.5.4.2 In-zone transformer SETTINGS  SYSTEM SETUP  87L POWER SYSTEM  IN-ZONE TRANSFORMER  IN-ZONE IN-ZONE TRANSFORMER Range: None, 0 to 330° lag in steps of 30°   TRANSFORMER CONNECTION: None 5-148 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 373  LOCAL-TAP The L90 is provided with this optional feature, specified as an option at the time of ordering. Using the order code for your device, see the order codes in chapter 2 for details. These settings ensure that the 87L element correctly applies magnitude and phase compensation for the in-zone transformer.
Page 374: Breakers
MANUAL CLOSE RECAL1 Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001  TIME: 0.000 s BREAKER 1 OPEN Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001  SEAL-IN: 0.000 s 5-150 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 375 — Selects an operand that when activated, and unless blocked, initiates the Breaker 1 open and individual BREAKER 1 OPEN phase trip commands. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-151...
Page 376 If this setting is set to Off, the racked status is not considered. IEC 61850 functionality is permitted when the L90 device is in "Programmed" mode and not in local control mode. 5-152...
Page 377 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS SYSTEM SETUP Figure 5-67: Dual breaker control logic (Sheet 1 of 3) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-153...
Page 378 SYSTEM SETUP CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-68: Dual breaker control logic (Sheet 2 of 3) 5-154 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 379: Disconnect Switch Control
  FUNCTION: Disabled SWITCH 1 NAME: Range: up to six alphanumeric characters  SW 1 SWITCH 1 MODE: Range: 3-Pole, 1-Pole  3-Pole SWITCH 1 OPEN: Range: FlexLogic operand  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-155...
Page 380 — This setting selects “3-Pole” mode, where disconnect switch poles have a single common auxiliary SWITCH 1 MODE switch, or “1-Pole” mode where each disconnect switch pole has its own auxiliary switch. 5-156 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 381 — This setting specifies the delay interval during which a disagreement of status among the pole SWITCH 1 ALARM DELAY position tracking operands do not declare a pole disagreement. This allows for non-simultaneous operation of the poles. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-157...
Page 382 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS IEC 61850 functionality is permitted when the L90 is in “Programmed” mode and not in local control mode. The switch element has direct hard-coded connections to the IEC 61850 model as shown in the logic diagrams. This allows remote open/close operation of each switch, using either CSWI or XSWI IEC 61850 logical nodes.
Page 383 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS SYSTEM SETUP Figure 5-71: Disconnect switch control status logic (sheet 2 of 3) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-159...
Page 384: Flexcurves
FlexCurve, enter the reset and operate times (using the keys) for each selected pickup point (using the VALUE up/down keys) for the required protection curve (A, B, C, or D). MESSAGE 5-160 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 385 The recloser curve configuration window shown here appears when the Initialize From setting in the EnerVista software is set to “Recloser Curve” and the Initialize FlexCurve button is clicked. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-161...
Page 386 MRT and from then onwards the operating time remains at 200 ms. Figure 5-74: Composite recloser curve with HCT disabled With the HCT feature enabled, the operating time reduces to 30 ms for pickup multiples exceeding eight times pickup. 5-162 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 387 EnerVista software generates an error message and discards the proposed changes. 5.5.7.5 Standard recloser curves The following graphs display standard recloser curves available for the L90. Figure 5-76: Recloser curves GE101 to GE106 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 388 SYSTEM SETUP CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-77: Recloser curves GE113, GE120, GE138, and GE142 Figure 5-78: Recloser curves GE134, GE137, GE140, GE151, and GE201 5-164 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 389 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS SYSTEM SETUP Figure 5-79: Recloser curves GE131, GE141, GE152, and GE200 Figure 5-80: Recloser curves GE133, GE161, GE162, GE163, GE164, and GE165 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-165...
Page 390 SYSTEM SETUP CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-81: Recloser curves GE116, GE117, GE118, GE132, GE136, and GE139 Figure 5-82: Recloser curves GE107, GE111, GE112, GE114, GE115, GE121, and GE122 5-166 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 391: Phasor Measurement Unit
  CONFIGURATION The L90 is provided with an optional Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) feature. This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. The number of PMUs available also depends on this option. Using the order code for your device, see the order codes in chapter 2 for details.
Page 392 The figure shows an example of an N60 using four Logical Device PMUs (Logical Device 2 through 5) and four aggregators. The control blocks for the aggregators are located in LD1. A 64 character LDName setting is provided. 5-168 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 393 MxxMMXU1 ClcMth = M-Class (Note Vaux is mapped to Vneut of MMXU) • MxxMSQI1 ClcMth = M-CLASS • NxxMMXU1 ClcMth = M-Class (Note Vaux is mapped to Vneut of MMXU) • NxxMSQI1 ClcMth = M-CLASS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-169...
Page 394 The mapping is implemented as STN-IDCode (text string). From each PMU, the user selects the phasor information of interest that is mapped into the selected aggregator datset(s). For version 7.0 and later, only FCDA data is supported. 5-170 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 395 5.5.8.6 Configuration example: CFG-2 based configuration (using IEC 61850-90-5) The L90 is expected to send the CFG-2 file (IEEE C37.118 config. file) upon request from the upstream synchrophasor devices (for example, P30) without stopping R-SV multicasting, as shown in the following figure. The primary domain controller (PDC) does not need to use a stop/start data stream command if the UR protocol is set to IEC 61850-90-5 prior to requesting the configuration via CFG-2 (IEEE C37.118 config.
Page 396 PMU 1 IDCODE: Range: 1 to 65534 in steps of 1  PMU 1 STN: Range: 32-character ASCII string truncated to 16  characters if mapped into C37.118 Default: GE-UR-PMU GE-UR-PMU 5-172 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 397 Range: 16-character ASCII string  NM: Dig Channel 16 PMU 1 D-CH- 1 Range: Off, On  NORMAL STATE: Off  PMU 1 D-CH-16: Range: Off, On  NORMAL STATE: Off L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-173...
Page 398 10 Hz, 12 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 60 Hz, or 120 Hz (or 10 Hz, 25 Hz, 50 Hz, or 100 Hz when the system frequency is 50 Hz) when entered via the keypad or software; and the L90 stops the transmission of reports.
Page 399 (magnitude and angle) coordinates. This setting complies with bit-0 of the FORMAT field of the IEEE C37.118 configuration frame. With 90-5 PMU, the FORMAT and STYLE are Floating-point and Polar respectively, as specified in the IEC 61850-90-5 technical report. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-175...
Page 400 MAG: 100.0% PMU 1 IG CALIBRATION Range: –5.00 to 5.00° in steps of 0.05  ANGLE: 0.00° PMU 1 IG CALIBRATION Range: 95.0 to 105.0 in steps of 0.1%  MAG: 100.0% 5-176 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 401 When receiving synchrophasor data at multiple locations, with possibly different reference nodes, it can be more beneficial to allow the central locations to perform the compensation of sequence voltages. • This setting applies to PMU data only. The L90 calculates symmetrical voltages independently for protection and control purposes without applying this correction. •...
Page 402 PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: 20.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps of 0.01  LOW-FREQ: 49.00 Hz PMU 1 FREQ TRIGGER Range: 20.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps of 0.01  HIGH-FREQ: 61.00 Hz 5-178 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 403 L90 standards. This element requires that the frequency be above the minimum measurable value. If the frequency is below this value, such as when the circuit is de-energized, the trigger drops out.
Page 404 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01  DPO TIME: 1.00 s PMU 1 CURR TRIG BLK: Range: FlexLogic operand  PMU 1 CURR TRIGGER Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled  TARGET: Self-reset 5-180 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 405 The trigger responds to the single-phase and three-phase power signals of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) source. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-181...
Page 406 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01  DPO TIME: 1.00 s PMU 1 df/dt TRG BLK: Range: FlexLogic operand  PMU 1 df/dt TRIGGER Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled  TARGET: Self-reset 5-182 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 407 “Automatic Overwrite,” the last record is erased to facilitate new recording, when triggered. Under the “Protected” selection, the recorder stops creating new records when the entire memory is used up by the old uncleared records. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-183...
Page 408 FlexLogic operands are updated, and the five-second timer restarts. This setting enables or disables the control. When enabled, all 16 operands for each aggregator are active; when disabled, all 16 operands for each aggregator remain reset. 5-184 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 409 ASDU at T-2 (previous values) + ASDU at T-1 (previous values) + ASDU at T0 (current values) ASDU at T-3 (previous values) + ASDU at T-2 (previous values) + ASDU at T-1 (previous values) + ASDU at T0 (current values) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-185...
Page 410 0 state, the remote client writes to the reserve bit, the SvEna is rejected by the UR, and a negative response with the appropriate Service Error is returned to the client. 5-186 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 411: Flexlogic
FlexLogic. In general, the system receives analog and digital inputs that it uses to produce analog and digital outputs. The figure shows major subsystems of a generic UR-series relay involved in this process. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-187...
Page 412 Figure 5-97: UR architecture overview The states of all digital signals used in the L90 are represented by flags (or FlexLogic operands, which are described later in this section). A digital “1” is represented by a set flag. Any external contact change-of-state can be used to block an element from operating, as an input to a control feature in a FlexLogic equation, or to operate a contact output.
Page 413 The following table lists the operands available for the relay. The operands can be viewed online by entering the IP address of the relay in a web browser and accessing the Device Information Menu. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-189...
Page 414 Exceeded maximum CRC error threshold on channel 2 87L DIFF CH1 ID FAIL The ID check for a peer L90 on channel 1 has failed 87L DIFF CH2 ID FAIL The ID check for a peer L90 on channel 2 has failed...
Page 415 BKR FAIL 1 T2 OP Breaker failure 1 timer 2 is operated BKR FAIL 1 T3 OP Breaker failure 1 timer 3 is operated BKR FAIL 1 TRIP OP Breaker failure 1 trip is operated L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-191...
Page 416 Asserted when the compensated overvoltage element drops out COMP OV OP Asserted when the compensated overvoltage element operates ELEMENT: CONT MONITOR PKP Continuous monitor has picked up Continuous monitor CONT MONITOR OP Continuous monitor has operated 5-192 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 417 Direct under-reaching transfer trip has operated to trip all three phases DUTT OP Direct under-reaching transfer trip has operated ELEMENT: TAP-LOCAL FAULT Fault is located between local terminal and tap point (3-terminal only) Fault locator L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-193...
Page 418 Line pickup operated from overreaching zone 2 when reclosing the line (zone 1 extension functionality) ELEMENT: LOAD ENCHR PKP Load encroachment has picked up Load encroachment LOAD ENCHR OP Load encroachment has operated LOAD ENCHR DPO Load encroachment has dropped out 5-194 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 419 Phasor data concentrator asserts control bit 2 as received via the network ↓ ↓ phasor data concentrator PDC NETWORK CNTRL 16 Phasor data concentrator asserts control bit 16 as received via the network L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-195...
Page 420 PHASE SELECT 3P Three-phase symmetrical fault is detected PHASE SELECT SLG Single line to ground fault is detected PHASE SELECT MULTI-P Multi-phase fault is detected PHASE SELECT VOID Fault type cannot be detected 5-196 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 421 Permissive over-reaching transfer trip ground has operated to trip phase B POTT1 TRIP C Permissive over-reaching transfer trip ground has operated to trip phase C POTT1 TRIP 3P Permissive over-reaching transfer trip ground has operated to trip all three phases L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-197...
Page 422 Delta connected VT. SRC2 VT FUSE FAIL to SRC4 Same set of operands as shown for SRC1 VT FF ELEMENT: STUB BUS OP Stub bus is operated Stub bus 5-198 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 423 Asserted when the trip bus 1 element picks up Trip bus TRIP BUS 1 OP Asserted when the trip bus 1 element operates TRIP BUS 2 to 6 Same set of operands as shown for TRIP BUS 1 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-199...
Page 424 Flag is set, logic=1 Virtual inputs Virt Ip 2 On Flag is set, logic=1 Virt Ip 3 On Flag is set, logic=1 ↓ ↓ Virt Ip 64 On Flag is set, logic=1 5-200 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 425 Asserted when a password entry fails while accessing a password protected level of the L90 RxGOOSE RxGOOSE 1 On Flag is set, logic=1 ↓ ↓ RxGOOSE 64 On Flag is set, logic=1 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-201...
Page 426 ID of any of these operands, the assigned name appears in the relay list of operands. The default names are shown in the FlexLogic operands table. The characteristics of the logic gates are tabulated in the following table, and the operators available in FlexLogic are listed in the FlexLogic operators table. 5-202 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 427: Flexlogic Rules
Assigning the output of an operator to a virtual output terminates the equation. A timer operator (for example, "TIMER 1") or virtual output assignment (for example, " = Virt Op 1") can be used once L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-203...
Page 428: Flexlogic Evaluation
Inspect each operator between the initial operands and final virtual outputs to determine if the output from the operator is used as an input to more than one following operator. If so, the operator output must be assigned as a virtual output. 5-204 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 429 Figure 5-100: Logic for virtual output 3 Prepare a logic diagram for virtual output 4, replacing the logic ahead of virtual output 3 with a symbol identified as virtual output 3, shown as follows. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-205...
Page 430 Assume for this example that the state is to be ON for a closed contact. The operand is therefore “Cont Ip H1c On”. 5-206 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 431 [88] Virt Ip 1 On [89] DIG ELEM 1 PKP [90] XOR(2) [91] Virt Op 3 On [92] OR(4) [93] LATCH (S,R) [94] Virt Op 3 On [95] TIMER 1 [96] Cont Ip H1c On L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-207...
Page 432 Virt Op 2 On Virt Ip 1 On DIG ELEM 1 PKP XOR(2) Virt Op 3 On OR(4) LATCH (S,R) Virt Op 3 On TIMER 1 Cont Ip H1c On OR(3) 5-208 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 433: Flexlogic Equation Editor
Range: up to six alphanumeric characters  FxE 1 FLEXELEMENT 1 +IN: Range: Off, any analog actual value parameter  FLEXELEMENT 1 -IN: Range: Off, any analog actual value parameter  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-209...
Page 434 The element can be programmed to respond either to a signal level or to a rate-of-change (delta) over a pre-defined period of time. The output operand is asserted when the operating signal is higher than a threshold or lower than a threshold, as per your choice. 5-210 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 435 — Enables the relay to respond to either high or low values of the operating signal. The following FLEXELEMENT 1 DIRECTION figure explains the application of the , and FLEXELEMENT 1 DIRECTION FLEXELEMENT 1 PICKUP FLEXELEMENT 1 HYSTERESIS settings. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-211...
Page 436 Figure 5-106: FlexElement direction, pickup, and hysteresis In conjunction with the setting, the element can be programmed to provide two extra FLEXELEMENT 1 INPUT MODE characteristics, as shown in the following figure. 5-212 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 437 (Terminal 2 IA Mag, IB and IC) 87L SIGNALS BASE = Squared CT secondary of the 87L source (Op Square Curr IA, IB, and IC) (Rest Square Curr IA, IB, and IC) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-213...
Page 438: Non-Volatile Latches
SETTINGS  FLEXLOGIC  NON-VOLATILE LATCHES  LATCH 1(16)  LATCH 1 LATCH 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled   FUNCTION: Disabled LATCH 1 ID: Range: up to 20 alphanumeric characters  NV Latch 1 5-214 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 439 Figure 5-108: Non-volatile latch operation table (N = 1 to 16) and logic Latch n type Latch n Latch n Latch n Latch n reset Reset Dominant Previous Previous State State Dominant Previous Previous State State L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-215...
Page 440: Grouped Elements
Each of the six setting group menus is identical. Setting group 1 (the default active group) is active automatically when no other group is active. If the device incorrectly switches to group 1 after power cycling, upgrade the firmware to version 7.31 or later to correct this issue. 5-216 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 441 Range: 1 to 50% in steps of 1  RESTRAINT: 25% CURRENT DIFF GND Range: 0.00 to 5.00 s in steps of 0.01  DELAY: 0.10 s CURRENT DIFF DTT: Range: Disabled, Enabled  Enabled L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-217...
Page 442 If set to “Per phase”, the L90 performs inrush inhibit individually in each phase. If set to “2-out-of-3,” the L90 checks second harmonic level in all three phases individually. If any two phases establish an inhibiting condition, then the remaining phase is restrained automatically.
Page 443 DTT on a per three-phase basis. For the current differential element to function properly, it is imperative that all L90 devices on the protected line have identical firmware revisions. For example, revision 5.62 in only compatible with 5.62, not 5.61 or 5.63.
Page 444 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-109: Current differential logic 5-220 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 445 It should be blocked unless disconnect is open. To prevent 87L tripping from remote L90 relays still protecting the line, assign the auxiliary contact of line disconnect switch (logic “1” when line switch is open) to block the local 87L function by using the setting.
Page 446: Line Pickup
LINE PICKUP DISTANCE Range: Disabled, Enabled  TRIP: Enabled LINE PICKUP BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic operand  LINE PICKUP Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled  TARGET: Self-reset LINE PICKUP Range: Disabled, Enabled  EVENTS: Disabled 5-222 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 447 — Assertion of the FlexLogic operand assigned to this setting blocks operation of the line pickup LINE PICKUP BLOCK element. — This setting enables and disables the logging of line pickup events in the sequence of events LINE PICKUP EVENTS recorder. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-223...
Page 448: Distance
  SOURCE: SRC 1 MEMORY Range: 5 to 25 cycles in steps of 1  DURATION: 10 cycles FORCE SELF-POLAR: Range: FlexLogic operand  FORCE MEM-POLAR: Range: FlexLogic operand  5-224 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 449 1 and zone 2. Disable fast distance for FAST DISTANCE distance protection applications on a series compensated line. enables phase selection supervision on phase distance zone 1 to zone 3. PH DIST PH SELECT SUPV L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-225...
Page 450 The distance zones of the L90 are identical to that of the D60 Line Distance Relay. Figure 5-112: Memory voltage logic The figure shows a condition for the L90 only that forces distance to be self-polarized to assure correct distance operation when L90 relays are synchronizing to each other.
Page 451 — This setting selects the shape of the phase distance function between the mho and quadrilateral PHS DIST Z1 SHAPE characteristics. The selection is available on a per-zone basis. The two characteristics and their possible variations are shown in the following figures. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-227...
Page 452 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-113: Directional mho phase distance characteristic Figure 5-114: Non-directional mho phase distance characteristic 5-228 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 453 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS GROUPED ELEMENTS Figure 5-115: Directional quadrilateral phase distance characteristic Figure 5-116: Non-directional quadrilateral phase distance characteristic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-229...
Page 454 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-117: Mho distance characteristic sample shapes 5-230 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 455 Therefore, the Z3 setting is set to “None.” See the Application of Settings chapter for information on calculating distance reach settings in applications involving power transformers. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-231...
Page 456 — This setting defines the angle of the reverse reach impedance of the non-directional zone PHS DIST Z1 REV REACH RCA setting). This setting does not apply when the zone direction is set to "Forward" or "Reverse." PHS DIST Z1 DIR 5-232 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 457 — This setting enables the user to select a FlexLogic operand to block a given distance element. VT fuse fail PHS DIST Z1 BLK detection is one of the applications for this setting. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-233...
Page 458 2 operation when the fault evolves from one type to another or migrates from the initial zone to zone 2. Assign the required zones in the trip output function to accomplish this functionality. 5-234 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 459 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS GROUPED ELEMENTS Figure 5-122: Phase distance zones 3 and higher OP logic Figure 5-123: Phase distance logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-235...
Page 460 GND DIST Z1 VOLT Range: 0.000 to 5.000 pu in steps of 0.001  LEVEL: 0.000 pu GND DIST Z1 Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001  DELAY: 0.000 s 5-236 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 461 The figures show the directional and non-directional quadrilateral ground distance characteristics. The directional and non-directional mho ground distance characteristics are the same as those shown for the phase distance element in the previous section. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-237...
Page 462 If this compensation is required, the ground current from the parallel line (3I_0) measured in the direction of the zone being compensated must be connected to the ground input CT of the CT bank 5-238 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 463 In conjunction with the quadrilateral characteristic, this setting improves security for faults close to the reach point by adjusting the reactance boundary into a tent-shape. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-239...
Page 464 — This setting enables the user to select a FlexLogic operand to block the given ground distance element. GND DIST Z1 BLK VT fuse fail detection is one of the applications for this setting. 5-240 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 465 2 operation if the fault evolves from one type to another or migrates from zone 3 or 4 to zone 2. Assign the required zones in the trip output element to accomplish this functionality. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-241...
Page 466 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-128: Ground distance zones 3 and higher OP scheme 5-242 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 467 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS GROUPED ELEMENTS Figure 5-129: Ground distance zone 1 pickup logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-243...
Page 468 The supervision is biased toward operation in order to avoid compromising the sensitivity of ground distance elements at low signal levels. Otherwise, the reverse fault condition that generates concern has high polarizing levels so that a correct reverse fault decision can be reliably made. 5-244 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 469: Power Swing Detect (Ansi 68)
RCA: 75° POWER SWING OUTER Range: 40 to 140° in steps of 1  LIMIT ANGLE: 120° POWER SWING MIDDLE Range: 40 to 140° in steps of 1  LIMIT ANGLE: 90° L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-245...
Page 470 Different protection elements respond differently to power swings. If tripping is required for faults during power swing conditions, some elements can be blocked permanently (using the operand), and others can be POWER SWING BLOCK blocked and dynamically unblocked upon fault detection (using the operand). POWER SWING UN/BLOCK 5-246 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 471 The element can be set to use either lens (mho) or rectangular (quadrilateral) characteristics, as shown in the figure. When set to “Mho,” the element applies the right and left blinders as well. If the blinders are not required, set their settings high enough to effectively disable the blinders. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-247...
Page 472 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-132: Power swing detect mho operating characteristics Figure 5-133: Effects of blinders on the mho characteristics 5-248 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 473 — This setting selects the shapes (either “Mho” or “Quad”) of the outer, middle, and inner POWER SWING SHAPE characteristics of the power swing detect element. The operating principle is not affected. The “Mho” characteristics use the left and right blinders. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-249...
Page 474 POWER SWING MIDDLE LIMIT ANGLE for the three-step mode. A typical value is close to the average of the outer and inner limit angles. This setting applies to mho shapes only. 5-250 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 475 POWER SWING TRIP — Enables and disables the logging of power swing detect events in the sequence of events POWER SWING EVENTS recorder. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-251...
Page 476 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-135: Power swing detect logic (Sheet 1 of 3) 5-252 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 477 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS GROUPED ELEMENTS Figure 5-136: Power swing detect logic (Sheet 2 of 3) Figure 5-137: Power swing detect logic (Sheet 3 of 3) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-253...
Page 478: Load Encroachment
The element operates if the positive-sequence voltage is above a settable level and asserts its output signal that can be used to block selected protection elements, such as distance or phase overcurrent. The following figure shows an effect of the load encroachment characteristics used to block the quadrilateral distance element. 5-254 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 479: Phase Current
When the voltage is below this threshold, a blocking signal is not asserted by the element. When selecting this setting, remember that the L90 measures the phase-to-ground sequence voltages regardless of the VT connection. The nominal VT secondary voltage as specified with the SYSTEM SETUP ...
Page 480  DIRECTIONAL 2 5.7.8.2 Inverse TOC curve characteristics The inverse time overcurrent curves used by the time overcurrent elements are the IEEE, IEC, GE Type IAC, and I t standard curve shapes. This allows for simplified coordination with downstream devices.
Page 481 For European applications, the relay offers three standard curves defined in IEC 255-4 and British standard BS142. These are defined as IEC Curve A, IEC Curve B, and IEC Curve C. The IEC curves are derived by the operate and reset time equations. Eq. 5-16 where L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-257...
Page 482 0.711 0.445 0.351 0.301 0.269 0.247 0.231 0.218 0.207 0.60 1.835 1.067 0.668 0.526 0.451 0.404 0.371 0.346 0.327 0.311 0.80 2.446 1.423 0.890 0.702 0.602 0.538 0.494 0.461 0.435 0.415 5-258 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 483 A to E = constants defined in the table = characteristic constant defined in the table = reset time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET is “Timed”) RESET Table 5-33: GE type IAC inverse time curve constants IAC curve shape IAC Extreme Inverse 0.0040 0.6379...
Page 484 250.00 111.11 62.50 40.00 27.78 20.41 15.63 12.35 10.00 100.00 4444.4 2500.0 1111.1 625.00 400.00 277.78 204.08 156.25 123.46 100.00 600.00 26666.7 15000.0 6666.7 3750.0 2400.0 1666.7 1224.5 937.50 740.74 600.00 5-260 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 485 = Reset Time in seconds (assuming energy capacity is 100% and RESET: Timed) RESET Recloser curves The L90 uses the FlexCurve feature to facilitate programming of 41 recloser curves. See the FlexCurves settings section earlier in this chapter for details. 5.7.8.3 Phase time overcurrent (ANSI 51P, IEC PTOC) SETTINGS ...
Page 486 — Selects the signal source for the phase time overcurrent protection element. SIGNAL SOURCE — Selects how phase current input quantities are interpreted by the L90. Inputs can be selected as fundamental INPUT phasor magnitudes or total waveform RMS magnitudes as required by the application.
Page 487 PHASE IOC1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01  DELAY: 0.00 s PHASE IOC1 RESET Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01  DELAY: 0.00 s L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-263...
Page 488   DIRECTIONAL 1 FUNCTION: Disabled PHASE DIR 1 SIGNAL Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4  SOURCE: SRC 1 PHASE DIR 1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic operand  5-264 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 489 (ECA) settings. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-265...
Page 490 When set to "Yes," the directional element blocks the operation of any phase overcurrent element under directional control, when voltage memory expires. When set to "No," the directional element allows tripping of phase overcurrent elements under directional control. 5-266 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 491: Neutral Current
SETTINGS  GROUPED ELEMENTS  SETTING GROUP 1(6)  NEUTRAL CURRENT  NEUTRAL CURRENT  NEUTRAL TOC 1 See below      NEUTRAL TOC 6    NEUTRAL IOC 1 See page 5-269    L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-267...
Page 492 — This setting selects the signal source for the neutral time overcurrent protection element. NEUTRAL TOC1 SIGNAL SOURCE — This setting selects how neutral current input quantities are interpreted by the L90. Inputs can be NEUTRAL TOC1 INPUT selected as fundamental phasor magnitudes or total waveform RMS magnitudes as required by the application.
Page 493 The positive-sequence restraint allows for more sensitive settings by counterbalancing spurious zero-sequence currents resulting from: • System unbalances under heavy load conditions • Transformation errors of current transformers (CTs) during double-line and three-phase faults • Switch-off transients during double-line and three-phase faults L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-269...
Page 494 VOLT: Calculated V0 NEUTRAL DIR OC1 OP Range: Calculated 3I0, Measured IG  CURR: Calculated 3I0 NEUTRAL DIR OC1 POS- Range: 0.000 to 0.500 in steps of 0.001  SEQ RESTRAINT: 0.063 5-270 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 495 The following tables define the neutral directional overcurrent element. V_0 is the zero-sequence voltage, I_0 is the zero-sequence current, ECA is the element characteristic angle, and IG is the ground current. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-271...
Page 496 This allows for better protection coordination. Take the bias into account when using the neutral directional overcurrent element to directionalize other protection elements. 5-272 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 497 For example, if using an autotransformer neutral current as a polarizing source, ensure that a reversal of the ground current does not occur for a high-side fault. Assume that the L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-273...
Page 498 — This setting defines the pickup level for the overcurrent unit of the element in the reverse NEUTRAL DIR OC1 REV PICKUP direction. When selecting this setting, keep in mind that the design uses a positive-sequence restraint technique for the “Calculated 3I0” mode of operation. 5-274 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 499: Wattmetric Ground Fault
WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: Calculated IN, Measured IG  CURR: Calculated IN WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 Range: 0.002 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001  OC PKP: 0.060 pu L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-275...
Page 500 WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 PWR PKP the 1 pu voltage as specified for the overvoltage condition of this element, and 1 pu current as specified for the overcurrent condition of this element. 5-276 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 501 The four FlexCurves allow for custom user-programmable time characteristics. When working with FlexCurves, the element uses the operate to pickup ratio, and the multiplier setting is not applied: Eq. 5-28 Again, the FlexCurve timer starts after the definite time timer expires. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-277...
Page 502 — This setting is applicable if the is set to Inverse and WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 MULTIPLIER WATTMETRIC GND FLT 1 CURVE defines the multiplier factor for the inverse time delay. 5-278 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 503: Ground Current
Figure 5-151: Wattmetric zero-sequence directional logic 5.7.11 Ground current 5.7.11.1 Menu SETTINGS  GROUPED ELEMENTS  SETTING GROUP 1(6)  GROUND CURRENT  GROUND CURRENT  GROUND TOC1 See below     L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-279...
Page 504 — This setting selects the signal source for the ground time overcurrent protection element. GROUND TOC1 SIGNAL SOURCE — This setting selects how ground current input quantities are interpreted by the L90. Inputs can be GROUND TOC1 INPUT selected as fundamental phasor magnitudes or total waveform RMS magnitudes as required by the application.
Page 505 The ground instantaneous overcurrent element can be used as an instantaneous element with no intentional delay or as a definite time element. The ground current input is the quantity measured by the ground input CT and is the fundamental phasor magnitude. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-281...
Page 506 Application of the restricted ground fault protection extends the coverage towards the neutral point (see the following figure). 5-282 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 507 Even with the improved definition of the restraining signal, the breaker-and-a-half application of the restricted ground fault must be approached with care, and is not recommended unless the settings are carefully selected to avoid maloperation due to CT saturation. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-283...
Page 508 (Igr(k)) does not reduce instantly but keeps decaying decreasing its value by 50% each 15.5 power system cycles. Having the differential and restraining signals developed, the element applies a single slope differential characteristic with a minimum pickup as shown in the following logic diagram. 5-284 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 509 Given the following inputs: IA = 1.10 pu ∠0°, IB = 1.0 pu ∠–120°, IC = 1.0 pu ∠120°, and IG = 0.05 pu ∠0° The relay calculates the following values: I_0 = 0.033 pu ∠0°, I_2 = 0.033 pu ∠0°, and I_1 = 1.033 pu ∠0° L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-285...
Page 510: Negative Sequence Current
 NEG SEQ DIR OC2   The L90 provides two negative-sequence time overcurrent elements, two negative-sequence instantaneous overcurrent elements, and two negative-sequence directional overcurrent elements. For information on the negative sequence time overcurrent curves, see the Inverse TOC Curve Characteristics section earlier.
Page 511 NEG SEQ IOC1 Range: 0.020 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001  PICKUP: 1.000 pu NEG SEQ IOC1 PICKUP Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01  DELAY: 0.00 s L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-287...
Page 512 SOURCE: SRC 1 NEG SEQ DIR OC1 Range: 0.00 to 250.00 ohms in steps of 0.01  OFFSET: 0.00 Ω NEG SEQ DIR OC1 Range: Neg Sequence, Zero Sequence  TYPE: Neg Sequence 5-288 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 513 CT errors, since the current is low. The operating quantity depends on the way the test currents are injected into the L90. For single phase injection •...
Page 514 The reverse-looking function is faster compared to the forward-looking function, so use the reverse-looking function for the blocking direction. This allows for better protection coordination. Take this bias 5-290 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 515 When NEG SEQ DIR OC1 TYPE selecting this setting, keep in mind that the design uses a positive-sequence restraint technique. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-291...
Page 516: Breaker Failure (Ansi 50Bf)
Range: 0.020 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001  PICKUP: 1.050 pu BF1 N AMP SUPV Range: 0.020 to 30.000 pu in steps of 0.001  PICKUP: 1.050 pu BF1 USE TIMER 1: Range: Yes, No  5-292 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 517 Valid only for 1-Pole breaker failure schemes φ BF1 BKR POS2 Range: FlexLogic operand  Valid only for 1-Pole breaker failure schemes φ BF1 BKR POS2 Range: FlexLogic operand  Valid only for 1-Pole breaker failure schemes L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-293...
Page 518 For the L90 relay, the protection trip signal initially sent to the breaker is already programmed as a trip output. The protection trip signal does not include other breaker commands that are not indicative of a fault in the protected zone.
Page 519 The current supervision elements reset in less than 0.7 of a power cycle for any multiple of pickup current as shown in the following figure. Figure 5-162: Breaker failure overcurrent supervision reset time L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-295...
Page 520 In microprocessor relays this time is not significant. In L90 relays, which use a Fourier transform, the calculated current magnitude ramps-down to zero one power frequency cycle after the current is interrupted, and this lag needs to be included in the overall margin duration, as it occurs after current interruption.
Page 521 Upon operation of the breaker failure element for a single pole trip command, a three-pole trip command needs to be given via output operand BKR FAIL 1 TRIP L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-297...
Page 522 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-163: Single-pole breaker failure, initiate logic 5-298 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 523 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS GROUPED ELEMENTS Figure 5-164: Single-pole breaker failure, timers logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-299...
Page 524 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-165: Three-pole breaker failure, initiate logic 5-300 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 525 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS GROUPED ELEMENTS Figure 5-166: Three-pole breaker failure, timers logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-301...
Page 526: Voltage Elements
The time delay is adjustable from 0 to 600.00 seconds in steps of 0.01. The undervoltage elements can also be programmed to have an inverse time delay characteristic. 5-302 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 527 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01  DELAY: 1.00 s PHASE UV1 MINIMUM Range: 0.000 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.001  VOLTAGE: 0.100 pu PHASE UV1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic operand  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-303...
Page 528 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01  DELAY: 1.00 s PHASE OV1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic Operand  PHASE OV1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled  TARGET: Self-reset PHASE OV1 Range: Disabled, Enabled  EVENTS: Disabled 5-304 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 529 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 s in steps of 0.01  DELAY: 1.00 s NEUTRAL OV1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic operand  NEUTRAL OV1 TARGET: Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled  Self-reset NEUTRAL OV1 EVENTS: Range: Disabled, Enabled  Disabled L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-305...
Page 530 Range: Disabled, Enabled  Disabled The L90 contains one auxiliary undervoltage element for each VT bank. This element monitors undervoltage conditions of the auxiliary voltage. selects the voltage level at which the time undervoltage element starts timing. The nominal secondary...
Page 531 Range: Disabled, Enabled  Disabled The L90 contains one auxiliary overvoltage element for each VT bank. This element is intended for monitoring overvoltage conditions of the auxiliary voltage. The nominal secondary voltage of the auxiliary voltage channel entered under SYSTEM is the per-unit (pu) base used when setting the SETUP ...
Page 532 Disabled For the L90, this feature is optional and requires software option 24 or 83. Check the order code of your device. The per-unit volts-per-hertz (V/Hz) value is calculated using the maximum of the three-phase voltage inputs or the auxiliary voltage channel Vx input, if the source is not configured with phase voltages.
Page 533 “Phase-ground”, then the operating quantity for this element is the phase-to-ground nominal voltage. It is beneficial to use the phase-to-phase voltage mode for this element when the L90 device is applied on an isolated or resistance-grounded system.
Page 534 TDM = Time Delay Multiplier (delay in sec.) V = fundamental RMS value of voltage (pu) F = frequency of voltage signal (pu) Pickup = volts-per-hertz pickup setpoint (pu) The figure shows the volts/hertz inverse B curves. 5-310 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 535 TDM = Time Delay Multiplier (delay in sec.) V = fundamental RMS value of voltage (pu) F = frequency of voltage signal (pu) Pickup = volts-per-hertz pickup setpoint (pu) The figure shows the volts/hertz inverse C curves. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-311...
Page 536 COMPENSATED OV STG3 Range: 0.250 to 3.000 pu in steps of 0.01  PKP: 1.300 pu COMPENSATED OV STG3 Range: 0.00 to 600.00 seconds in steps of 0.01  DELAY: 1.00 sec 5-312 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 537 In this case, the required reach setting is: Eq. 5-41 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-313...
Page 538: Supervising Elements
5.7.15.1 Menu SETTINGS  GROUPED ELEMENTS  SETTING GROUP 1(6)  SUPERVISING ELEMENTS  SUPERVISING  DISTURBANCE See below   ELEMENTS  DETECTOR  87L TRIP See page 5-318   5-314 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 539 DD FUNCTION — Selects a FlexLogic operand that activates the output of the disturbance detector upon events DD NON-CURRENT SUPV (such as frequency or voltage change) not accompanied by a current change. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-315...
Page 540 — This setting can be disabled when the disturbance detector element responds to any current disturbance on DD EVENTS the system that results in filling the events buffer and possible loss of valuable data. 5-316 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 541 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS GROUPED ELEMENTS Figure 5-180: Disturbance detector logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-317...
Page 542 — Assigns a trip supervising element. The FlexLogic operand is recommended (the element has to be 87L TRIP SUPV 50DD SV enabled); otherwise, elements like instantaneous overcurrent, distance, and so can be used. 5-318 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 543 87L TRIP SEAL-IN mode is selected and the Trip Out element is applied, set this setting to "Disabled." — Selects a pickup setting of the current seal-in function. 87L TRIP SEAL-IN PICKUP L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-319...
Page 544 GROUPED ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-181: 87L trip logic 5-320 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 545: Sensitive Directional Power
The operating quantity is displayed in the actual value. ACTUAL VALUES  METERING  SENSITIVE DIRECTIONAL POWER 1(2) The element has two independent (as to the pickup and delay settings) stages for alarm and trip, respectively. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-321...
Page 546 For example, section (a) in the figure shows settings for reverse power, while section (b) shows settings for low forward power applications. 5-322 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 547 DIR POWER 1 RCA setting to “90°,” active underpower by setting to “180°,” and reactive underpower by DIR POWER 1 RCA DIR POWER 1 RCA setting to “270°.” DIR POWER 1 RCA L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-323...
Page 548: Control Elements
5.8.2 Trip bus SETTINGS  CONTROL ELEMENTS  TRIP BUS  TRIP BUS 1(6)  TRIP BUS 1 TRIP BUS 1 Range: Enabled, Disabled  FUNCTION: Disabled  5-324 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 549: Trip Bus
— The trip bus output is blocked when the operand assigned to this setting is asserted. TRIP BUS 1 BLOCK — This setting specifies a time delay to produce an output depending on how output is used. TRIP BUS 1 PICKUP DELAY L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-325...
Page 550: Setting Groups
  GROUP 6 ACTIVATE ON: Range: FlexLogic operand  GROUP 1 NAME: Range: up to 16 alphanumeric characters   GROUP 6 NAME: Range: up to 16 alphanumeric characters  5-326 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 551 The most recent SelectActiveSG selection is preserved while the UR is powered down or reset. If it becomes necessary to cancel the SelectActiveSG selection without using a SelectActiveSG service request, change the setting to Disabled. This resets the SelectActiveSG selection to 1. SETTING GROUPS FUNCTION L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-327...
Page 552: Selector Switch
1 to the . If the control word is outside the range, an alarm is established by setting the SELECTOR FULL RANGE FlexLogic operand for three seconds. SELECTOR ALARM 5-328 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 553 If the acknowledging signal does not appear within a pre-defined period of time, the selector rejects the change and an alarm established by invoking the FlexLogic operand SELECTOR BIT ALARM for three seconds. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-329...
Page 554 The selector position pre-selected via the three-bit control input has not been confirmed before the time The following figures illustrate the operation of the selector switch. In these diagrams, “T” represents a time-out setting. 5-330 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 555 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS CONTROL ELEMENTS Figure 5-188: Time-out mode L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-331...
Page 556 1 through 3. The pre-selected setting group is to be applied automatically after five seconds of inactivity of the control inputs. When the relay powers up, it is to synchronize the setting group to the three-bit control input. 5-332 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 557 SETTINGS  PRODUCT menu: SETUP  USER-PROGRAMMABLE PUSHBUTTONS  USER PUSHBUTTON 1 : “Self-reset” PUSHBUTTON 1 FUNCTION : “0.10 s” PUSHBUTTON 1 DROP-OUT TIME The figure shows the logic for the selector switch. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-333...
Page 558: Trip Output
 TRIP RECLOSE INPUT1: Range: FlexLogic operand   TRIP RECLOSE INPUT6: Range: FlexLogic operand  TRIP SEAL-IN DELAY: Range: 0 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001  0.000 s 5-334 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 559 Collect inputs to initiate three pole tripping, the recloser and breaker failure elements • Collect inputs to initiate single pole tripping, the recloser and breaker failure elements • Assign a higher priority to pilot aided scheme outputs than to exclusively local inputs L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-335...
Page 560 CONTROL ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS The trip output element works in association with other L90 elements that must be programmed and in-service for successful operation. The necessary elements are: recloser, breaker control, open pole detector, and phase selector. The recloser must also be in the “Reset” state before a single pole trip can be issued. Outputs from this element are also directly connected as initiate signals to the breaker failure elements.
Page 561 — These settings are used to select an operand to indicates that phase A, B, or BKR ΦA OPEN BKR ΦB OPEN BKR ΦC OPEN C of the breaker is open, respectively. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-337...
Page 562 CONTROL ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-191: Trip output logic (Sheet 1 of 2) 5-338 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 563 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS CONTROL ELEMENTS Figure 5-192: Trip output logic (Sheet 2 of 2) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-339...
Page 564: Underfrequency (Ansi 81U)
— Selects the level at which the underfrequency element is to pickup. For example, if the system UNDERFREQ 1 PICKUP frequency is 60 Hz and the load shedding is required at 59.5 Hz, the setting is 59.50 Hz. Figure 5-193: Underfrequency logic 5-340 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 565: Overfrequency (Ansi 81O)
OVERFREQ 1 SOURCE setting selects the level at which the overfrequency element is to pickup. OVERFREQ 1 PICKUP Figure 5-194: Overfrequency logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-341...
Page 566: Synchrocheck (Ansi 25)
The synchronism check function supervises the paralleling of two parts of a system that are to be joined by the closure of a circuit breaker. The synchrocheck elements are typically used at locations where the two parts of the system are interconnected through at least one other point in the system. 5-342 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 567 Figure 5-195: Synchrocheck plot for slip > 0 (slip = F2-F1) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-343...
Page 568 The selected sources for synchrocheck inputs V1 and V2 (which must not be the same source) can include both a three-phase and an auxiliary voltage. The relay automatically selects the specific voltages to be used by the synchrocheck element in accordance with the following table. 5-344 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 569 The relay uses the phase channel of a three-phase set of voltages if programmed as part of that source. The relay uses the auxiliary voltage channel only if that channel is programmed as part of the Source and a three-phase set is not. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-345...
Page 570 CONTROL ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-197: Synchrocheck logic 5-346 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 571: Digital Elements
DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 RESET DELAY — This setting enables or disabled the digital element pickup LED. When set to “Disabled,” the DIGITAL ELEMENT 1 PICKUP LED operation of the pickup LED is blocked. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-347...
Page 572 In most breaker control circuits, the trip coil is connected in series with a breaker auxiliary contact that is open when the breaker is open (see figure). To prevent unwanted alarms in this situation, the trip circuit monitoring logic must include the breaker position. Figure 5-199: Trip circuit example 1 5-348 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 573 In this case, it is not required to supervise the monitoring circuit with the breaker position – the setting is BLOCK selected to “Off.” In this case, the settings are as follows (EnerVista example shown). L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-349...
Page 574: Digital Counters
Range: FlexLogic operand  CNT1 SET TO PRESET: Range: FlexLogic operand  COUNTER 1 RESET: Range: FlexLogic operand  COUNT1 FREEZE/RESET: Range: FlexLogic operand  COUNT1 FREEZE/COUNT: Range: FlexLogic operand  5-350 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 575 If control power is interrupted, the accumulated and frozen values are saved into non-volatile memory during the power-down operation. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-351...
Page 576: Monitoring Elements
See page 5-361     BREAKER RESTRIKE 2    CONTINUOUS MONITOR See page 5-363    CT FAILURE See page 5-364   DETECTOR 1  5-352 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 577 This interval includes the operating time of the output relay, any other auxiliary L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-353...
Page 578 -cycle) and AMP MAX (kA) values of the last event. — This setting specifies the maximum symmetrical interruption rating of the circuit breaker. BKR 1 INTERUPTION RATING Figure 5-202: Arcing current measurement 5-354 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 579 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS CONTROL ELEMENTS Figure 5-203: Breaker arcing current logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-355...
Page 580 (contact input indicating the breaker status is off), and no flashover current is flowing. A contact showing the breaker status must be provided to the relay. The voltage difference is not considered as a condition for open breaker in this part of the logic. 5-356 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 581 This application does not require detection of breaker status via a 52a contact, as it uses a voltage difference larger than setting. However, monitoring the breaker contact ensures scheme stability. BRK 1 FLSHOVR DIFF V PKP L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-357...
Page 582 (all line breakers open), to well above the maximum line (feeder) load (line/feeder connected to load). 5-358 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 583 A six-cycle time delay applies after the selected FlexLogic operand resets. — This setting specifies the time delay to operate after a pickup condition is detected. BRK FLSHOVR PKP DELAY L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-359...
Page 584 CONTROL ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-204: Breaker flashover logic 5-360 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 585  EVENTS: Disabled One breaker restrike element is provided for each DSP in the L90. According to IEEE standard C37.100 entitled IEEE Standard Definitions for Power Switchgear, restrike is defined as “a resumption of current between the contacts of a switching device during an opening operation after an interval of zero current of ¼...
Page 586 — Specifies the reset delay for this element. When set to “0 ms,” then FlexLogic operand is BREAKER RESTRIKE 1 RESET DELAY picked up for only 1/8th of the power cycle. 5-362 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 587 CONT MONITOR V-SUPV: Range: FlexLogic operand. To supervise voltage  logic, use VT FUSE FAIL OP. CONT MONITOR Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled  TARGET: Self-reset CONT MONITOR Range: Disabled, Enabled  EVENTS: Disabled L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-363...
Page 588 CT FAIL 1 3V0 INPUT: Range: SRC 1, SRC 2, SRC 3, SRC 4  SRC 1 CT FAIL 1 3V0 INPUT Range: 0.04 to 2.00 pu in steps of 0.01  PKP: 0.20 pu 5-364 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 589 CT FAIL 1 3V0 INPUT — Specifies the pickup value for the 3V_0 source. CT FAIL 1 3V0 INPUT PICKUP — Specifies the pickup delay of the CT failure element. CT FAIL 1 PICKUP DELAY L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-365...
Page 590 Once the fuse failure condition is declared, it is sealed-in until the cause that generated it disappears. 5-366 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 591 SETTINGS  CONTROL ELEMENTS  MONITORING ELEMENTS  OPEN POLE  OPEN POLE OPEN POLE FUNCTION: Range: Disabled, Enabled   Disabled OPEN POLE BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic operand  OPEN POLE VOLTAGE Range: Disabled, Enabled  SUPV: Disabled L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-367...
Page 592 If the fault evolves into a multi-phase fault before the circuit breaker pole opens for the first fault, the phase selector changes the fault type from a single-line-to-ground fault to a multi-phase fault, thereby initiating a three-pole trip. 5-368 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 593 “Enabled” and the setting to “On” (see the Breaker Control section earlier in this chapter for details). BREAKER 2 OUT OF SV Figure 5-211: Open pole detector logic (Sheet 1 of 2) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-369...
Page 594 Range: FlexLogic operand  THERM PROT 1 BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic operand  THERMAL PROTECTION 1 Range: Self-reset, Latched, Disabled  TARGET: Self-reset THERMAL PROTECTION 1 Range: Disabled, Enabled  EVENTS: Disabled 5-370 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 595 The reset time of the thermal overload protection element is also time delayed using following formula: Eq. 5-46 where τ = thermal protection trip time constant = a minimum reset time setting L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-371...
Page 596 IEC255-8 cold curve or hot curve equations op(In) is the reset time calculated at index n as per the reset time equation rst(In) 5-372 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 597 BROKEN CONDUCTOR 1 Range: 20.0% to 100.0% in steps of 0.1%  I2/I1 RATIO: 20% BROKEN CONDUCTOR 1 Range: 0.05 to 1.00 pu in steps of 0.01  I1 MIN: 0.10 pu L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-373...
Page 598 — This setting specifies the pickup time delay for this function to operate after assertion BROKEN CONDUCTOR 1 PKP DELAY of the broken conductor pickup FlexLogic operand. 5-374 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 599 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS CONTROL ELEMENTS Figure 5-215: Broken conductor detection logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-375...
Page 600: Pilot Schemes
Range: FlexLogic operand  DUTT RX3: Range: FlexLogic operand  DUTT RX4: Range: FlexLogic operand  DUTT SCHEME TARGET: Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled  Self-Reset DUTT SCHEME EVENT: Range: Disabled, Enabled  Disabled 5-376 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 601 DUTT RX1 DUTT RX2 DUTT RX3 DUTT RX4 signals from two or more remote terminals through OR gates in the FlexLogic, and configure the resulting signals as the inputs DUTT RX L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-377...
Page 602 Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001  DELAY: 0.010 s PUTT NO OF COMM Range: 1, 2, or 4  BITS: 1 PUTT RX1: Range: FlexLogic operand  PUTT RX2: Range: FlexLogic operand  5-378 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 603 In multi-terminal applications, connect the signals from two or more PUTT RX2 PUTT RX3 PUTT RX4 remote terminals through OR gates in the FlexLogic, and configure the resulting signals as the inputs. PUTT RX L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-379...
Page 604 LINE END OPEN PICKUP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001  DELAY: 0.050 s POTT SEAL-IN Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001  DELAY: 0.400 s 5-380 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 605 POTT scheme to return a received echo signal (if the echo feature is enabled). Also for this setting, take into account the principle of operation and settings of the line pickup element. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-381...
Page 606 Typically, the output operand should be programmed to initiate a trip, breaker fail, and autoreclose, and drive a user-programmable LED as per user application. Figure 5-218: POTT scheme logic 5-382 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 607 OC directional elements. This allows a user to apply the POTT1 scheme using solely directional elements to achieve better coordination, rather than mixing distance and ground OC directional elements together. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-383...
Page 608 Range: Disabled, Enabled   FUNCTION: Disabled HYB POTT BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic operand  HYB POTT PERMISSIVE Range: Disabled, Enabled, Custom  ECHO: Disabled HYB POTT ECHO COND: Range: FlexLogic operand  5-384 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 609 Generally, this scheme uses an overreaching zone 2 distance element to essentially compare the direction to a fault at all terminals of the line. Ground directional overcurrent functions available in the L90 can be used in conjunction with the zone 2 distance element to key the scheme and initiate operation. This increases the coverage for high-resistance faults.
Page 610 — This setting defines a transient blocking mechanism embedded in the hybrid POTT scheme for TRANS BLOCK RESET DELAY coping with the exposure of the overreaching protection functions to current reversal conditions (see also the TRANS BLOCK PICKUP DELAY 5-386 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 611 In four-bit HYB POTT RX1 HYB POTT RX1 HYB POTT RX2 applications, , and must be used. HYB POTT RX1 HYB POTT RX2 HYB POTT RX3 HYB POTT RX4 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-387...
Page 612 Range: Disabled, Enabled  FUNCTION: Disabled  BLOCK SCHEME BLOCK: Range: FlexLogic operand  BLOCK RX CO-ORD PKP Range: 0.000 to 65.535 s in steps of 0.001  DELAY: 0.010 s 5-388 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 613 — This setting allows the user to assign any FlexLogic operand to block the scheme. Contact inputs BLOCK SCHEME BLOCK from a pilot cut-out switch are typically used for this purpose. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-389...
Page 614 FlexLogic equations, this extra signal is primarily meant to be the output operand from either the negative-sequence directional, neutral directional, or a non-directional instantaneous overcurrent element. 5-390 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 615 BLOCK SCHEME RX2 must be used. In four-bit applications, , and BLOCK SCHEME RX1 BLOCK SCHEME RX2 BLOCK SCHEME RX3 BLOCK SCHEME RX4 must be used. Figure 5-221: Directional blocking scheme logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-391...
Page 616 — Each setting defines the FlexLogic operand of a protection element for identifying forward faults BLK1 SCHME DIR FWD1-3 on the protected line, and thus, for initiating operation of the scheme. Good directional integrity is the key requirement for an over-reaching forward-looking protection element. 5-392 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 617 Figure 5-222: Directional comparison blocking1 scheme logic 5.8.12.9 Directional comparison unblocking SETTINGS  CONTROL ELEMENTS  PILOT SCHEMES  DCUB SCHEME  DCUB SCHEME DCUB SCHEME Range: Disabled, Enabled   FUNCTION: Disabled L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-393...
Page 618 Range: FlexLogic operand  DCUB LOG3: Range: FlexLogic operand  DCUB RX4: Range: FlexLogic operand  DCUB LOG4: Range: FlexLogic operand  DCUB SCHEME TARGET: Range: Self-Reset, Latched, Disabled  Self-Reset 5-394 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 619 (for example, digital communication channels utilizing the L90 teleprotection input/outputs). To make the scheme fully operational as a stand-alone feature, the scheme output operands must be configured to interface with other relay functions, output contacts in particular.
Page 620 Typical setting values are from 4 to 32 ms. For most cases, a value of 8 ms can be used. 5-396 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 621 In two-bit applications, with DCUB RX1 DCUB LOG1 DCUB RX1 DCUB LOG1 with must be used. In four-bit applications, all receive and loss-of-guard signals must be used. DCUB RX2 DCUB LOG2 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-397...
Page 622 CONTROL ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-223: Directional comparison unblocking scheme logic 5-398 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 623: Autoreclose (Ansi 79)
Range: 0.00 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01  2.00 s AR 3-P DEAD TIME 4: Range: 0.00 to 655.35 s in steps of 0.01  4.00 s AR EXTEND DEAD T 1: Range: FlexLogic operand  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-399...
Page 624 When reclosing simultaneously, for the first shot both breakers should reclose with either the single-pole or three-pole dead time, according to the fault type and the reclose mode. 5-400 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 625 FlexLogic operand. The scheme is latched into the RIP state and resets only when an (autoreclose AR RIP AR CLS BKR 1 breaker 1) or (autoreclose breaker 2) operand is generated or the scheme goes to the Lockout state. AR CLS BKR 2 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-401...
Page 626 After the 3-P dead time times out, the Close Breaker 1 signal closes the first breaker again and starts the transfer timer. Since the fault is permanent, the protection trips again initiating the autoreclose scheme that is sent to Lockout by the SHOT COUNT = MAX signal. 5-402 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 627 Breaker 2 if is set to “Yes.” If set to “No”, the scheme is sent to AR TRANSFER 1 TO 2 Lockout by the incomplete sequence timer. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-403...
Page 628 AR1 CLOSE BRK 1 case of the unsuccessful reclose attempt or 20 ms after Open Pole is reset in case of the successful reclosure attempt. 5-404 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 629 The pause signal freezes all four dead timers. When the pause L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-405...
Page 630 — This setting is used in breaker-and-a-half applications to allow the autoreclose control function to AR BUS FLT INIT perform reclosing with only one breaker previously opened by bus protection. For line faults, both breakers must open for the autoreclose reclosing cycles to take effect. 5-406 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 631 However, a FlexLogic operand, FAIL, is asserted if either simultaneous multiple activations are AR MODE SWITCH initiated, or a single activation is initiated but recloser is already in progress. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-407...
Page 632 Figure 5-225: Mode control logic In addition, the current AR mode is available as FlexLogic Operands because AR Mode equals to 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively so that it can be monitored and logged. 5-408 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 633 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS CONTROL ELEMENTS Figure 5-226: Single-pole autoreclose logic (Sheet 2 of 3) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-409...
Page 634 CONTROL ELEMENTS CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS Figure 5-227: Single-pole autoreclose logic (Sheet 3 of 3) 5-410 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 635 CHAPTER 5: SETTINGS CONTROL ELEMENTS Figure 5-228: Example of reclosing sequence L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-411...
Page 636: Frequency Rate Of Change (Ansi 81R)
For example, if the intent is to monitor an increasing trend but only if the frequency is already above certain level, set this setting to the required frequency level. 5-412 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 637: Inputs/Outputs
Range: 0.0 to 16.0 ms in steps of 0.5  DEBNCE TIME: 6.0 ms CONTACT INPUT H5a Range: Disabled, Enabled  EVENTS: Disabled ↓  CONTACT INPUT xxx    CONTACT INPUT   THRESHOLDS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-413...
Page 638 The DC input voltage is compared to a user-settable threshold. A new contact input state must be maintained for a user-settable debounce time in order for the L90 to validate the new contact state. In the following figure, the debounce time is set at 2.5 ms;...
Page 639: Virtual Inputs
The virtual outputs are outputs of FlexLogic equations used to customize the device. Virtual outputs can also serve as virtual inputs to FlexLogic equations. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-415...
Page 640: Contact Outputs
(virtual output, element state, contact input, or virtual input). An additional FlexLogic operand can be used to SEAL-IN the relay. Any change of state of a contact output can be logged as an Event if programmed to do so. 5-416 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 641 If any latching outputs exhibits a discrepancy, the LATCHING OUTPUT ERROR self-test error is declared. The error is signaled by the FlexLogic operand, event, and target message. LATCHING OUT ERROR L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-417...
Page 642 (assuming an H4L module): OUTPUTS  CONTACT OUTPUT H1a CONTACT OUTPUT H1c : “VO1” OUTPUT H1a OPERATE : “VO2” OUTPUT H1a RESET : “VO2” OUTPUT H1c OPERATE : “VO1” OUTPUT H1c RESET 5-418 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 643 Program the Latching Outputs by making the following changes in the SETTINGS  INPUTS/OUTPUTS  CONTACT menu (assuming an H4L module): OUTPUTS  CONTACT OUTPUT H1a : “VO1” OUTPUT H1a OPERATE : “VO2” OUTPUT H1a RESET L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-419...
Page 644: Virtual Outputs
DEFAULT: Off   DIRECT INPUT 1-8 Range: Off, On  DEFAULT: Off DIRECT INPUT 2-1 Range: Off, On  DEFAULT: Off  DIRECT INPUT 2-8 Range: Off, On  DEFAULT: Off 5-420 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 645: Resetting
(as selected by the user) to be transmitted. Direct outputs 2-1 to 2-8 are functional in three-terminal systems. Figure 5-234: Direct inputs/outputs logic (example for L90 shown) 5.9.6 Resetting 5.9.6.1 Enhanced and standard front panels SETTINGS ...
Page 646: Transducer Inputs/Outputs
RANGE: 0 to -1 mA mA, 0 to 10mA, 0 to 20 mA, 4 to 20 m DCMA INPUT H1 MIN Range: –9999.999 to +9999.999 in steps of 0.001  VALUE: 0.000 5-422 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 647: Rtd Inputs
VALUE: 0.000 The L90 is provided with optional DCmA capability. This feature is specified as an option at the time of ordering. See the Order Codes section in chapter 2 for details. Hardware and software are provided to receive signals from external transducers and to convert these signals into a digital format for use as required.
Page 648 280.77 233.97 16.00 172.46 291.96 243.30 16.39 175.84 303.46 252.88 16.78 179.51 315.31 262.76 17.17 183.17 327.54 272.94 17.56 186.82 340.14 283.45 17.95 190.45 353.14 294.28 18.34 194.08 366.53 305.44 18.73 5-424 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 649: Dcma Outputs
The feature is intentionally inhibited if the settings are entered incorrectly, for example when MAX VAL MIN VAL MAX VAL – < 0.1 pu. The resulting characteristic is illustrated in the following figure. MIN VAL L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-425...
Page 650 20% overload compared to the nominal. The nominal three-phase power is: Eq. 5-51 The three-phase power with 20% overload margin is: Eq. 5-52 5-426 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 651 0 to 1 mA. The VT secondary setting is 66.4 V, the VT ratio setting is 6024, and the VT connection setting is “Delta.” The voltage is to be monitored in the range from 70% to 110% of nominal. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-427...
Page 652: Testing
 FUNCTION: Disabled The L90 provides a test facility to verify the functionality of contact inputs and outputs, some communication functions and the phasor measurement unit (where applicable), using simulated conditions. The test mode can be in any of three states: Disabled, Isolated, or Forcible.
Page 653: Test Mode Forcing
  When in Forcible mode, the operand selected by the setting dictates further response of the L90 to TEST MODE FORCING testing conditions, as described in the following two sections. The test mode state is indicated on the relay front panel by a combination of the Test Mode LED indicator, the In-Service LED indicator, and by the critical fail relay, as shown in the following table.
Page 654 In test mode, the following actions take place: • The Data Invalid / Test Mode bit (bit 15 in the STAT word) is set • The Sim bit in all output datasets is set 5-430 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 655: Force Contact Inputs
If set to “Freeze,” the output retains its position at the instant before the was Forcible and the TEST MODE FUNCTION operand selected by the setting was On, regardless of later changes in the status of the operand TEST MODE FORCING L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5-431...
Page 656: Channel Tests
 REMOTE LOOPBACK REMOTE LOOPBACK Range: Yes, No   FUNCTION: No REMOTE LOOPBACK Range: 1, 2  CHANNEL NUMBER: 1 See the Commissioning chapter for information on using the channel tests. 5-432 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 657: Actual Values
  RxGOOSE See page 6-6   STATUS  RxGOOSE See page 6-6   STATISTICS  AUTORECLOSE See page 6-7    CHANNEL TESTS See page 6-7   L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 658   GROUND FAULT 2  PHASOR MEASUREMENT See page 6-25   UNIT  PMU AGGREGATOR See page 6-26    VOLTS PER HERTZ 1 See page 6-26   L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 659: Front Panel
The front panel can be viewed and used in the EnerVista software, for example to view an error message displayed on the front panel. The feature applies to the enhanced and standard front panels. To view the front panel in EnerVista software: Click Actual Values > Front Panel. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 660: Status
The present status of the 64 virtual inputs is shown here. The first line of a message display indicates the ID of the virtual input. For example, ‘Virt Ip 1’ refers to the virtual input in terms of the default name. The second line of the display indicates the logic state of the virtual input. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 661: Rxgoose Boolean Inputs
Range: On, Off  STATUS: Off The L90 is provided with optional IEC 61850 capability. This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. See the Order Codes section of chapter 2 for details. 6.3.4 RxGOOSE DPS inputs ACTUAL VALUES ...
Page 662: Virtual Outputs
 Offline The L90 is provided with optional IEC 61850 capability. This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. See the Order Codes section of chapter 2 for details. actual value does not consider RxGOOSE that are not configured or are not used by any RxGOOSE All RxGOOSE Online Input.
Page 663: Autoreclose
CHAPTER 6: ACTUAL VALUES STATUS The L90 is provided with optional IEC 61850 capability. This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. See the Order Codes section of chapter 2 for details. — State number. The most recently received value in GOOSE message field stNum. The publisher increments stNum stNum each time that the state of one or more of the GOOSE message members is sent with a revised value.
Page 664: Digital Counters
(the count units label also appears). Also included, is the date and time stamp for the frozen count. The value refers to the microsecond portion of the time stamp. COUNTER 1 MICROS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 665: Selector Switches
No Signal Pdelay), Synchronized PORT 3 PTP STATE: Range: Disabled, No Signal, Calibrating, Synch’d (No  No Signal Pdelay), Synchronized PTP - IRIG-B DELTA: Range: -500,000,000 to +500,000,000 ns  500000000 ns L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 666: Remaining Connection Status
N60 is 4. The maximum number for the C60 is 2. The maximum number is 1 for other products with a PMU. The remaining number of aggregators displays here. 6-10 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 667: Parallel Redundancy Protocol (Prp)
Range: 0 to 4G, blank if PRP disabled  The L90 is provided with optional PRP capability. This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. See the Order Codes section in chapter 2 for details.
Page 668: Metering
GOOSE or for R-GOOSE when setting R-TxGOOSE1 DST IP is multicast. 6.4 Metering 6.4.1 Metering conventions 6.4.1.1 UR convention for measuring power and energy The figure illustrates the conventions established for use in UR devices. 6-12 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 669 6.4.1.2 UR convention for measuring phase angles All phasors calculated by URs and used for protection, control and metering functions are rotating phasors that maintain the correct phase angle relationships with each other at all times. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-13...
Page 670 For display and oscillography purposes the phase angles of symmetrical components are referenced to a common reference as described in the previous sub-section. WYE-connected instrument transformers • ABC phase rotation: • ACB phase rotation: The above equations apply to currents as well. 6-14 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 671 * The power system voltages are phase-referenced – for simplicity – to V and V , respectively. This, however, is a relative matter. It is important to remember that the L90 displays are always referenced as specified under SETTINGS  SYSTEM SETUP  POWER SYSTEM  FREQUENCY AND PHASE REFERENCE The example above is illustrated in the following figure.
Page 672: Differential Current
Terminal 1 refers to the communication channel 1 interface to a remote L90 at terminal 1. Terminal 2 refers to the communication channel 2 interface to a remote L90 at terminal 2.
Page 673: Sources
SRC 1 RMS In:  0.000 A SRC 1 PHASOR Ia:  0.000 A 0.0° SRC 1 PHASOR Ib:  0.000 A 0.0° SRC 1 PHASOR Ic:  0.000 A 0.0° L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-17...
Page 674 0.00 V SRC 1 RMS Vbc:  0.00 V SRC 1 RMS Vca:  0.00 V SRC 1 PHASOR Vab:  0.000 V 0.0° SRC 1 PHASOR Vbc:  0.000 V 0.0° 6-18 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 675 SRC 1 APPARENT PWR  3φ: 0.000 VA SRC 1 APPARENT PWR  φa: 0.000 VA SRC 1 APPARENT PWR  φb: 0.000 VA SRC 1 APPARENT PWR  φc: 0.000 VA L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-19...
Page 676 S = V x Î x Î x Î Eq. 6-1 When VTs are configured in delta, the L90 does not calculate power in each phase and three-phase power is measured as S = V x Î x Î Eq. 6-2...
Page 677 The signal used for frequency estimation is low-pass filtered. The final SYSTEM SETUP  POWER SYSTEM frequency measurement is passed through a validation filter that eliminates false readings due to signal distortions and transients. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-21...
Page 678 = 1, 2,..., 25 is the harmonic number The short-time Fourier transform is applied to the unfiltered signal: Eq. 6-3 6-22 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 679: Sensitive Directional Power
V2 ANG: 0.0° SYNCHROCHECK 1 PROJ  DELTA_PHASE: 0.0° SYNCHROCHECK 1 PROJ  SYNSCP D_PH: 0.0° If synchrocheck or a setting is "Disabled," the corresponding actual values menu item does not display. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-23...
Page 680: Tracking Frequency
= 10000 MWh or MVAh, respectively BASE (Positive and Negative Watthours, Positive and Negative Varhours) SOURCE POWER = maximum value of V × I for the +IN and –IN inputs BASE BASE BASE 6-24 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 681: Rxgoose Analogs
 0.000 The L90 is provided with optional GOOSE communications capability. This feature is specified as a software option at the time of ordering. See the Order Codes section of chapter 2 for details. The RxGOOSE Analog values display in this menu. The RxGOOSE Analog values are received via IEC 61850 GOOSE messages sent from other devices.
Page 682: Pmu Aggregator
ACTUAL VALUES  METERING  VOLTS PER HERTZ 1(2)  VOLTS PER HERTZ 1 VOLTS PER HERTZ 1:  0.000 pu  This menu displays the data for volts per hertz. 6-26 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 683: Restricted Ground Fault
ZBC: 0.00 Ohms BC LOOP IMPEDANCE  ANGLE: 0.00 DEG CA LOOP RESISTANCE  RCA: 0.00 Ohms CA LOOP REACTANCE  XCA: 0.00 Ohms CA LOOP IMPEDANCE  ZCA: 0.00 Ohms L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-27...
Page 684 (ZAG, ZBG, and ZCG) are reset to zero, including magnitude and angle. Note that VTs of the distance source must be connected in Wye if the ground distance element is enabled. 6-28 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 685: Records
The fault loop resistance is calculated by x Real(Z Eq. 6-7 loop The fault loop reactance is calculated by x Imag(Z Eq. 6-8 loop L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-29...
Page 686: Event Records
6.5.2 Event records 6.5.2.1 Enhanced and standard front panels ACTUAL VALUES  RECORDS  EVENT RECORDS  EVENT RECORDS EVENT: XXX    Date and time stamps 6-30 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 687 (highlight in yellow), then press the green or cyan Mark Event Tab pushbutton. The mark color hides the selector until the selector is moved. A field at the top of the page shows the interval between the two marks. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-31...
Page 688: Oscillography
It counts up at the defined sampling NEWEST SAMPLE TIME rate. If the data logger channels are defined, then both values are static. See the menu for clearing data logger records. COMMANDS  CLEAR RECORDS 6-32 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 689: Phasor Measurement Unit Records
BKR 1 ARCING AMP φC:  0.00 kA2-cyc BKR 1 AMP MAX φA:  0.00 kA BKR 1 AMP MAX φB:  0.00 kA BKR 1 AMP MAX φC:  0.00 kA L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-33...
Page 690: Product Information
6.6.2.1 Enhanced and standard front panels ACTUAL VALUES  PRODUCT INFO  FIRMWARE REVISIONS  FIRMWARE REVISIONS L90 Relay Range: 0.00 to 655.35  REVISION: 7.6x Revision number of the application firmware.  6-34 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 691 The shown data is illustrative only. A modification file number of 0 indicates that, currently, no modifications have been installed. The date format reflects the format specified for the clock and can vary from that shown here. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6-35...
Page 692 PRODUCT INFORMATION CHAPTER 6: ACTUAL VALUES 6-36 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 693: Commands And Targets
The commands menu contains relay directives intended for operations personnel. All commands can be protected from unauthorized access via the command password; see the Security section of chapter 5 for details. The following flash message appears after successfully command entry. COMMAND EXECUTED L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 694: Virtual Inputs
Range: No, Yes  CHANGE COUNTER? No  CLEAR IEC61850 See below   XWSI OPCNT  CLEAR IEC61850 See below   XCBR OPCNT CLEAR ALL RELAY Range: No, Yes  RECORDS? No L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 695: Set Date And Time
Range: Off, Red, Green, Blue, White & Text Pattern,  Black & Text Pattern, TV Test Pattern PERFORM PUSHBUTTON Range: No, Yes  TEST? No UPDATE ORDER CODE? Range: No, Yes  REBOOT RELAY? Range: No, Yes  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 696: Phasor Measurement Unit One-Shot
Although the diagnostic information is cleared before the L90 is shipped from the factory, the user can want to clear the diagnostic information for themselves under certain circumstances. For example, you clear diagnostic information after replacement of hardware. Once the diagnostic information is cleared, all self-checking variables are reset to their initial state and diagnostics restart from scratch.
Page 697 30 seconds afterwards PMU ONE-SHOT OP When the function is disabled, all three operands are de-asserted. The one-shot function applies to all logical PMUs of a given L90 relay. Figure 7-1: PMU one-shot FlexLogic operands 7.1.5.1 Testing accuracy of the PMU The one-shot feature is used to test accuracy of the synchrophasor measurement.
Page 698: Security
OPERATOR LOGOFF — Selecting ‘Yes’ allows the Supervisor to forcefully clear all the security logs and clears all the CLEAR SECURITY DATA operands associated with the self-tests. 7.2 Targets menu TARGETS  L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 699: Target Messages
A target enables the EnerVista UR Setup software to monitor automatically and display the status of any active target messages of all the devices inserted into that site. Each L90 element with a TARGET setting has a target message that when activated by its element is displayed in sequence with any other currently active target messages in the menu.
Page 700 Contact Factory (xxx) • Latched target message: Yes. • Description of problem: One or more installed hardware modules is not compatible with the L90 order code. • How often the test is performed: Module dependent. • What to do: Contact the factory and supply the failure code noted in the display. The “xxx” text identifies the failed module (for example, F8L).
Page 701 Proper cable functionality (that is, check for physical damage or perform a continuity test). – The IRIG-B receiver is functioning. – Check the input signal level (it can be less than specification). If none of these apply, then contact the factory. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 702 What to do: Verify that the setting change was legitimate and essential for proper functioning of the protection and control system. MAINTENANCE ALERT: Front Panel Trouble • Latched target message: No. • Description of problem: The front panel is not communicating with the CPU module. 7-10 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 703 Description of problem: The ambient temperature is greater than the maximum operating temperature (+80°C). • How often the test is performed: Every hour. • What to do: Remove the L90 from service and install in a location that meets operating temperature standards. UNEXPECTED RESTART: Press “RESET” key •...
Page 704 V-type CPU = All ports support RJ45 SFPs only The consequence of an incorrect SFP can range from damage to the L90 to no power information for the L90 on its web page (enter IP address in a web browser, then click the SFP Transceiver Information. Only the type of SFP displays and not power data).
Page 705 Any abnormal diagnostic condition indicated by the LEDs or the critical failure relay also results in a self-test Plus message, so troubleshooting is described here. For other relays, such at the B95 , see that product’s instruction manual. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 7-13...
Page 706 Brick, but there is a discrepancy between the settings and the actual Brick serial number, order code, and/or core number. Check that the correct core on the correct Brick is patched through to the correct Process Card 7-14 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 707 A latched target can be unlatched by pressing the front panel reset key if the command has ended, however the output can still be non-functional. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 7-15...
Page 708 TARGETS MENU CHAPTER 7: COMMANDS AND TARGETS 7-16 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 709: Application Of Settings
As per the IEEE C37.110-2007 "Guide for the Application of Current Transformers Used for Protective Relaying Purposes," the CT must be capable of a secondary saturation voltage V to avoid DC saturation: Eq. 8-2 where L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 710: Ct Saturation Analysis Tool
8.1.2 CT saturation analysis tool The CT saturation analysis tool is an Excel spreadsheet provided for users to analyze the L90 reliability during CT saturation caused by an external fault, to investigate the effect of adjusting 87L settings, and to examine the possibility of reducing the CT requirement.
Page 711: Current Differential (87L) Settings
8.2 Current differential (87L) settings 8.2.1 Introduction Software is available from the GE Digital Energy website that is helpful in selecting settings for the specific application. Checking the performance of selected element settings with respect to known power system fault parameters makes it relatively simple to choose the optimum settings for the application.
Page 712: Current Differential Pickup
CHAPTER 8: APPLICATION OF SETTINGS This software program is also useful for establishing test parameters. It is strongly recommended this program be downloaded. Look for the "L90 Test Tool" on the GE Grid Solutions website, for example in the L90 support documents at http://www.gegridsolutions.com/support/l90.htm...
Page 713 For relay 1, channel 1 communicates to relay 2 and channel 2 communicates to relay 3 • For relay 2, channel 1 communicates to relay 1 and channel 2 communicates to relay 3 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 714: Breaker-And-A-Half
Assume a breaker-and-the-half configuration shown in the following figure. This section provides guidance on configuring the L90 relay for this application. The L90 is equipped with two CT/VT modules: F8F and L8F. CTs and VTs are connected to L90 CT/VT modules as follows: –...
Page 715 The CTs and VTs are configured according to the following ratios and connections (EnerVista UR Setup example shown). The sources are configured as follows. Source 1: – First current source for current differential L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 716 “SRC 1” and to “SRC 2.” SOURCE 1 CURRENT DIFF SIGNAL SOURCE 2 For distance and backup overcurrent, make the following settings changes. For breaker failure 1 and 2, make the following settings changes. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 717: Distributed Bus Protection
CT cable length. In other cases, there are no CTs available on the line side of the line to be protected. Taking full advantage of L90 capability to support up to four CTs connected directly, the relay can be applied to protect both line and buses as shown in the figure.
Page 718: Channel Asymmetry Compensation Using Gps
If GPS is enabled at all terminals and the GPS signal is present, the L90 compensates for the channel asymmetry. On the loss of the GPS signal, the L90 stores the last measured value of the channel asymmetry per channel and compensates for the asymmetry until the GPS clock is available.
Page 719: Compensation Method 2
This is a simple and conservative way of using the GPS feature. Follow steps 1 and 3 in compensation method 1. The FlexLogic is simple: 87L DIFF GPS FAIL-Timer-Virtual Output Block 87L (VO1). It is recommended that the timer be set no higher than 10 seconds. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 8-11...
Page 720: Compensation Method 3
Create FlexLogic similar to that shown as follows to switch the 87L element to Settings Group 2 (with most sensitive settings) if the L90 has a valid GPS time reference. If a GPS or 87L communications failure occurs, the L90 switches back to Settings Group 1 with less sensitive settings.
Page 721: Distance Backup/Supervision
LV bus fault can result in a loss of sensitivity. If the tapped transformer is a source of zero sequence infeed, then the L90 zero-sequence current removal has to be enabled as described in the next section.
Page 722: Phase Distance
The current supervision alone does not prevent maloperation in such circumstances. Keep in mind that the fuse failure element provided on the L90 needs some time to detect fuse fail conditions. This can create a race between the instantaneous zone 1 and the fuse failure element. Therefore, for maximum security, it is recommended to both set the current supervision above the maximum load current and use the fuse failure function.
Page 723: Ground Distance
To avoid extremely large reach settings, the L90 has the ability to implement any element so that it is reverse looking, which then can provide a back up for the longest line terminated on the local bus. This strategy can be beneficial if the reduced reach helps discrimination between the load and fault conditions, but must be implemented at both ends of the protected line.
Page 724: Protection Signaling Schemes
To avoid extremely large reach settings the L90 has the ability to implement any element, so that it is reverse looking. This strategy can be beneficial if the reduced reach enhances the discrimination between the load and fault conditions. When adopted, this approach must be implemented at both ends of the protected line.
Page 725: Direct Under-Reaching Transfer Trip (Dutt)
With any echo scheme however, a means must be provided to avoid L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 8-17...
Page 726: Hybrid Pott Scheme (Hyb-Pott)
This situation is encountered when it is desired to account for the zero sequence inter-circuit mutual coupling. This is not a problem for the ground distance elements in the L90 that do have a current reversal logic built into their design as part of the technique used to improve ground fault directionality.
Page 727: Directional Comparison Blocking
This loss-of- guard output is connected to a contact input of the L90. The power line carrier also provides an output contact when the permissive frequency is received. This output is wired to any other contact input of the L90.
Page 728 This DCUB BLOCK operand can consist of any pre-defined logic, including a pilot cutout switch connected to any contact input of the L90. With this pilot cutout switch and the pre-defined logic state on and assigned to , the scheme is disabled. The DCUB BLOCK directional comparison unblocking scheme supervises the operation and keying of all scheme functions.
Page 729: Series Compensated Lines
DCUB TX1 DCUB TX4 tripping/operating logic, and to output contacts as per the usual L90 logic/output assignments. 8.6 Series compensated lines 8.6.1 Distance settings Traditionally, the reach setting of an underreaching distance function is set based on the net inductive impedance between the potential source of the relay and the far-end busbar, or location for which the zone must not overreach.
Page 730 As the characteristics of sub-synchronous oscillations are in complex relations with fault and system parameters, no solid setting recommendations are given with respect to extra security margin for sub-synchronous oscillations. It is strongly recommended to use a power system simulator to verify the reach settings or to use an adaptive L90 feature for dynamic reach control.
Page 731: Ground Directional Overcurrent
The L90 protection system can be applied to lines with tapped transformer(s) even if the latter has its windings connected in a grounded wye on the line side and the transformer(s) currents are not measured by the L90 protection system. The following approach is recommended.
Page 732: Transformer Load Currents
LV busbars of all the tapped transformers. This can present some challenges, particularly for long lines and large transformers tapped close to the substations. If the L90 system retrofits distance relays, there is a good chance that one can set the distance elements to satisfy the imposed. If more than one transformer is tapped, particularly on parallel lines, and the LV sides are interconnected, detailed short circuit studies can be needed to determine the distance settings.
Page 733: Instantaneous Elements
CHAPTER 8: APPLICATION OF SETTINGS INSTANTANEOUS ELEMENTS The L90 ensures stability in such a case by removing the zero-sequence current from the phase currents prior to calculating the operating and restraining signals ( SETTINGS  SYSTEM SETUP  L90 POWER SYSTEM  ZERO-SEQ is “Enabled”).
Page 734: Phase Distance Through Power Transformers
8.9.1 Phase distance protection 8.9.1.1 Overview Phase distance elements of the L90 can be set to respond to faults beyond any three-phase power transformer. The relay guarantees accurate reach and targeting for any phase fault. Moreover, the current and voltage transformers can be located independently on different sides of the transformer.
Page 735: Example
= 0.06 Ω ∠88° (intended reach of Zone 4) = 8000:5 = 1600 (located at H) = 315000:120 = 2625 (located at X) Transformer: 13.8/315 kV, 150 MVA, 10%, delta/wye, 315 kV side lagging 30° Transformer impedance: Eq. 8-19 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 8-27...
Page 736 The Zone 4 settings are: Eq. 8-21 : "2.60" PHS DIST Z4 REACH : "89" PHS DIST Z4 RCA : "Yd11" PHS DIST Z4 XMFR VOL CONNECTION : "None" PHS DIST Z4 XMFR CUR CONNECTION 8-28 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 737: Commissioning
64 Kbaud in a transparent synchronous mode with automatic synchronous character detection and CRC insertion. The Local Loopback Channel Test verifies the L90 communication modules are working properly. The Remote Loopback Channel Test verifies the communication link between the relays meets requirements (BER less than 10–4). All tests are verified by using the internal channel monitoring and the monitoring in the Channel Tests.
Page 738: Clock Synchronization Tests
ACTUAL VALUES  STATUS  CHANNEL TESTS  CHANNEL 1(2) STATUS : “n/a” ACTUAL VALUES  STATUS  CHANNEL TESTS  REMOTE LOOPBACK STATUS : “OK” ACTUAL VALUES  STATUS  CHANNEL TESTS  PFLL STATUS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 739: Current Differential
Minimum pickup test with local current only: 3.1. Ensure that all 87L setting are properly entered into the relay and connect a test set to the relay to inject current into Phase A. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 740: Local-Remote Relay Tests
Download the UR test software from the GE Grid Solutions website (http://www.gegridsolutions.com/products/ support/ur/l90test.zip) or contact GE Grid Solutions for information about the UR current differential test program that allows the user to simulate different operating conditions for verifying correct responses of the relays during commissioning activities.
Page 741 These phasors and differential currents can be monitored at the menu where all current magnitudes and angles can be ACTUAL VALUES  METERING  87L DIFFERENTIAL CURRENT observed and conclusions of proper relay interconnections can be made. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 742 TESTING CHAPTER 9: COMMISSIONING L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 743: Theory Of Operation
The second major technical consideration is the restraint characteristic, which is the decision boundary between situations that are declared to be a fault and those that are not. The L90 uses an innovative adaptive decision process based on an online computation of the sources of measurement error. In this adaptive approach, the restraint region is an ellipse with variable major axis, minor axis, and orientation.
Page 744: L90 Architecture
CHAPTER 10: THEORY OF OPERATION The third major element of L90 design is sampling synchronization. In order for a differential scheme to work, the data being compared must be taken at the same time. This creates a challenge when data is taken at remote locations.
Page 745: Disturbance Detection
If more than one CT is connected to the relay (breaker-and-the half applications), then a maximum of all (up to four) currents is chosen to be processed for traditional restraint. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-3...
Page 746 Outside of the restraint boundary, the computed severity grows as the square of the fault current. The restraint area grows as the square of the error in the measurements. 10-4 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 747: Ground Differential Element
The line ground differential function allows sensitive ground protection for single-line-to-ground faults, allowing the phase differential element to be set higher (above load) to provide protection for multi-phase faults. The L90 ground differential function calculates ground differential current from all terminal phase currents. The maximum phase current is used for the restraint.
Page 748: Clock Synchronization
A loop filter then uses the frequency and phase angle deviation information to make fine adjustments to the clock frequency. Frequency tracking starts if the current at one or more terminals is above 0.125 pu of nominal; otherwise, the nominal frequency is used. 10-6 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 749: Frequency Detection
(GPS) to compensate for the channel delay asymmetry. This feature requires a GPS receiver to provide a GPS clock signal to the L90. With this option there are two clocks at each terminal: a local sampling clock and a local GPS clock.
Page 750: Phase Detection
In all cases, frequency deviation information also is used when available. The phase difference between a pair of clocks is computed by an exchange of time stamps. Each relay exchanges time stamps with all other relays that can be reached. 10-8 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 751 This can be done either in software or hardware, provided the jitter is limited to less than plus or minus 130 µs. A fixed bias in the time stamp is acceptable, provided it is the same for all terminals. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-9...
Page 752: Phase Locking Filter
It is very important to combine these two integrators into a single function because it can be shown if two separate integrators are used, they can drift in opposite directions into saturation, because the loop would only drive their sum to zero. 10-10 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 753: Matching Phaselets
A lost message is detected simply by looking at the sequence numbers of incoming messages. A lost message shows up as a gap in the sequence. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-11...
Page 754: Start-Up
10.1.16 Online estimate of measurement errors GE's adaptive elliptical restraint characteristic is a good approximation to the cumulative effects of various sources of error in determining phasors. Sources of error include power system noise, transients, inaccuracy in line charging current computation, current sensor gain, phase and saturation error, clock error, and asynchronous sampling.
Page 755: Ct Saturation Detection
The L90 applies a dedicated mechanism to cope with CT saturation and ensure security of protection for external faults. The relay dynamically increases the weight of the square of errors (the so-called ‘sigma’) portion in the total restraint quantity, but for external faults only.
Page 756: Charging Current Compensation
For short transmission lines the charging current is a small factor and can therefore be treated as an unknown error. In this application, the L90 can be deployed without voltage sensors and the line charging current is included as a constant term in the total variance, increasing the differential restraint current.
Page 757: Differential Element Characteristics
Since the zero sequence voltage is not available, the L90 cannot compensate for the zero sequence current. The compensation scheme continues to work with the breakers open, provided that the voltages are measured on the line side of the breakers.
Page 758: Relay Synchronization
CT errors can be high and/or CT saturation can be experienced. The major difference between the L90 differential scheme and a percent differential scheme is the use of an estimate of errors in the input currents to increase the restraint parameter during faults, permitting the use of more sensitive settings than those used in the traditional scheme.
Page 759: Operating Condition Characteristics
10.2 Operating condition characteristics 10.2.1 Description Characteristics of differential elements can be shown in the complex plane. The operating characteristics of the L90 are fundamentally dependant on the relative ratios of the local and remote current phasor magnitudes and the angles of I as shown in the Restraint Characteristics figure.
Page 760 OPERATING CONDITION CHARACTERISTICS CHAPTER 10: THEORY OF OPERATION Figure 10-7: Restraint characteristics 10-18 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 761: Trip Decision Example
Current Differential section of the Settings chapter. The following figure shows how the L90 settings affect the restraint characteristics. The local and remote currents are 180° apart, which represents an external fault. The breakpoint between the two slopes indicates the point where the restraint area is becoming wider to override uncertainties from CT saturation, fault noise, harmonics, and so on.
Page 762: Distance Elements
Right and left blinders adjustable as to both the resistive and angular positions complete the characteristic. See the Distance Characteristics section for more information regarding the distance characteristics. The Distance Elements Analysis section includes an example of analysis of the steady-state operation of the distance elements. 10-20 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 763: Phasor Estimation
— Directional characteristic impedance (1 ∠ • DIR RCA • — Right blinder characteristic impedance: Z × sin ( ) × 1∠ ( – 90°) RGT BLD RGT BLD RCA RGT BLD RCA L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-21...
Page 764 × K0M × Z – V and I_0 × Z × Z + I_0 × K0 × Z + I × K0M × Z – V and I_0 × Z • B ground element — I 10-22 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 765 – (V – V ) and (I – I • BC phase element — (I – I ) × Z – (V – V ) and (I – I ) × Z L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-23...
Page 766 If | ang(I_0) - ang(I_2)+240° | < 70°, then FLGCA = 1 If | ang(I_0) - ang(I_2) | < 70°, then FLGBC = 1 Phase distance fault type supervision is suppressed during open pole conditions and for delta connected VTs. 10-24 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 767 – V I × Z 90° Left Blinder I × Z – V I × Z 90° Fault type NOT SLG See the Fault Type Characteristic section Removed during open pole conditions L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-25...
Page 768: Fast Distance Algorithm
CVT filtering technique. The fast distance algorithm applies the same comparators as a regular distance algorithm. 10-26 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 769: Memory Polarization
Figure 10-10: Dynamic shift of the mho characteristic The same desirable effect of memory polarization applies to the directional comparator of the quadrilateral characteristic. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-27...
Page 770: Distance Elements Analysis
Mutual zero-sequence compensation can raise concerns regarding directional integrity on reverse faults in the situation when the relay gets "overcompensated." This problem does not affect the L90 because its ground distance elements use zero-sequence and negative-sequence currents in extra directional comparators. Both the currents are from the protected line and are not affected by any compensation as the latter applies only to the reach defining comparators: the mho, reactance, and blinder characteristics.
Page 771 10.3.6.3 Mho phase A to ground element (after memory expires) After the memory expires, the relay checks the actual positive-sequence voltage and compares it with 10% of the nominal voltage: _1 | = 58.83 V > 0.1 × 69.28 V L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-29...
Page 772 Reactance difference angle = | –3.9° – 24.8° | = 28.7° < 75° • Zero-sequence difference angle = | –19.8° – 0.0° | = 19.8° < 75° • Negative-sequence directional difference angle = | –19.8° – 0.0° | = 19.8° < 75° 10-30 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 773: Phase Distance Applied To Power Transformers
The L90 provides for any location of the VTs and CTs with respect to the involved power transformer and the direction of any given zone.
Page 774 PHASE DISTANCE APPLIED TO POWER TRANSFORMERS CHAPTER 10: THEORY OF OPERATION Figure 10-12: Applications of the "PHS DIST XF MR VOL/CUR CONNECTION" settings 10-32 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 775 CHAPTER 10: THEORY OF OPERATION PHASE DISTANCE APPLIED TO POWER TRANSFORMERS Table 10-9: Phase distance input signals for delta-wye transformers L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-33...
Page 776 PHASE DISTANCE APPLIED TO POWER TRANSFORMERS CHAPTER 10: THEORY OF OPERATION 10-34 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 777: Example
Normally, in order to respond to the fault shown in the figure, a distance relay is applied at the relaying point X. The table outlines the relay input signals at this location. Table 10-10: Relay input signals at location X Input Primary Secondary 100.4 kV ∠–7.32° 38.25 V ∠–7.32° L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-35...
Page 778 0.687 Ω ∠85° secondary in order to reach to the fault shown in the figure. When installed at H, the relay needs to be set to 2.569 Ω ∠88.4° to ensure exactly same coverage. 10-36 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 779: Single-Pole Tripping
The scheme is also designed to make use of the advantages provided by communications channels with multiple-bit capacities for fault identification. Figure 10-14: Single-pole operation L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-37...
Page 780 The operation of the scheme on a line in a single breaker arrangement is described as follows. The line is protected by a L90 relay using the line pickup and zone 1 phase and ground distance elements, and a permissive overreaching transfer...
Page 781 The response of the system from this point is as described earlier for the second trip, except that the recloser goes to lockout upon the next initiation (depending on the number of shots programmed). L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-39...
Page 782: Phase Selection
CHAPTER 10: THEORY OF OPERATION 10.5.2 Phase selection The L90 uses phase relations between current symmetrical components for phase selection. First, the algorithm validates if there is enough zero-sequence, positive-sequence, and negative-sequence currents for reliable analysis. The comparison is adaptive; that is, the magnitudes of the three symmetrical components used mutually as restraints confirm if a given component is large enough to be used for phase selection.
Page 783 FlexLogic operand is asserted or after delay OPEN POLE OP defined by the setting (in the Trip Output element) once the disturbance detector (50DD) initially PHASE SELECTOR RESET operated. Figure 10-16: Phase selector logic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-41...
Page 784: Communications Channels For Pilot-Aided Schemes
10.5.3.1 Description In the L90 relay, pilot-aided schemes transmit a code representing the type of fault determined by the local phase selector according to the scheme logic. At a receiving terminal, the local and remote data are combined to determine the action to be performed.
Page 785 The TX1, TX2, RX1, and RX2 operands are used and fault data is coded per the following tables. Table 10-20: Permissive scheme transmit codes for two-bit channels Phase selector determination of Bit pattern transmitted fault type AG, BC, BCG BG, CA, CAG CG, AB, ABG, 3P, Unrecognized L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-43...
Page 786 DIR BLOCK TRIP B CG, AB, ABG, 3P, Unrecognized AG, BC, BCG CG, AB, ABG, 3P, Unrecognized CG, BC, BCG, CA, CAG DIR BLOCK TRIP C AG, BC, BCG BG, CA, CAG 10-44 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 787 BG, CA, CAG CA, CAG, unrecognized CG, AB, ABG, 3P, AB, ABG, 3P, unrecognized unrecognized 10.5.3.4 Four-bit channels The TX1, TX2, TX3, TX4, RX1, RX2, RX3, and RX4 operands are used. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-45...
Page 788 Trip Phase A AG, AB, ABG, CA, CAG, 3P, Unrecognized BG, AB, ABG, BC, BCG, 3P, Trip Phase B Unrecognized MULTI-P CG, BC, BCG, CA, CAG, 3P, Trip Phase C Unrecognized MULTI-P 10-46 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 789 Bit pattern received Remote Local determination Trip output determinatio of fault type LOG1 LOG2 LOG3 LOG4 n of fault type MULTI-P DCUB TRIP A AG, AB, ABG, CA, CAG, 3P, unrecognized L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-47...
Page 790: Permissive Echo Signaling
The duration of the echo pulse does not depend on the duration or shape of the received Rx signal but is settable as ECHO DURATION 10-48 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 791: Pilot Scheme / Phase Selector Coordination
In other cases, it is not recommended to delay the local trip decision. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-49...
Page 792: Cross-Country Fault Example
10.5.6 Cross-country fault example Assume a single pole operation application where L90 relays are used to protect a two-terminal line, (terminals T1 and T2) using phase and ground distance zone 1, 2, and 3 elements in a permissive over-reaching transfer trip scheme. The performance of the system with one, two, and four-bit communications channels is outlined for a mid-line phase A-to- ground fault and a co-incident phase B-to-ground fault just behind terminal T2.
Page 793: Fault Locator
10.6.2.1 Description When the L90 ordered has in-zone functionality, it does not support the multi-ended fault locator. This is because the use of the in-zone transformer replaces part of the existing data with in-zone data, which restricts multi-ended fault location.
Page 794 This is done by estimating the tap voltage as seen from all three line terminals. Eq. 10-51 The fault current is calculated as follows: Eq. 10-52 10-52 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 795 For two-terminal applications, the distance is reported from the local relay. In three-terminal applications, the distance is reported from the terminal of a given line segment. Phase rotation must be the same at all line terminals for correct operation of the multi-ended fault locator. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-53...
Page 796 Z0M is the mutual zero sequence impedance For BG faults: Eq. 10-61 Eq. 10-62 For CG faults: Eq. 10-63 Eq. 10-64 For AB/ABG faults: Eq. 10-65 Eq. 10-66 For BC/BCG faults: Eq. 10-67 Eq. 10-68 10-54 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 797 Relay 2 to tap Relay 3 to tap Impedance 21.29 Ω ∠80.5° 36.50 Ω ∠80.5° 16.73 Ω ∠80.5° Length 70 km 120 km 55 km The figure shows how the three relays are connected. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-55...
Page 798 Relay 3: 1.2775 pu ∠–56.917° • When subjected to the expanded Clarke transform in the previous section, the local voltages yield the following values (in per-unit values of the nominal primary phase-to-ground voltage): 10-56 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 799 The three relays calculate the differences as follows (refer to the previous section for equations). Table 10-46: Tab voltage differences using terminal data Value Relay 1 Relay 2 Relay 3 LOC-REM1 0.66337 pu 0.66334 pu 0.0011344 pu L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-57...
Page 800: Single-Ended Fault Locator
10.6.3 Single-ended fault locator When the multi-ended fault locator cannot be executed due to communication channel problems or invalid signals from remote terminals, then the single-ended method is used to report fault location. 10-58 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 801 Assuming the system is homogeneous, d is then a real number. The fault resistance does not have any imaginary part. The preceding equation solved for the unknown m yields the following fault location algorithm: Eq. 10-76 where Im( ) stands for the imaginary part of a complex number L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-59...
Page 802 If the VTs are connected in a delta configuration, fault location is performed based on the delta voltages and externally supplied neutral voltage: Eq. 10-83 10-60 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 803 Since the fault locator algorithm is based on the single-end measurement method, in three-terminal configuration the estimation of fault location may not be correct at all three terminals especially if fault occurs behind the line's tap respective to the given relay. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 10-61...
Page 804 FAULT LOCATOR CHAPTER 10: THEORY OF OPERATION 10-62 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 805: Maintenance
UR Family Communications Guide for the entries. The upper part of the window displays values. The lower part of the window is for factory service use. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-1...
Page 806 Float — A numbering system with no fixed number of digits before or after the decimal point. An example is 0.000000. Binary — A numbering system using 0 and 1. An example is 0000-0000-0000-0000. Entries are not saved when closing the window. 11-2 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 807: General Maintenance
GENERAL MAINTENANCE 11.2 General maintenance The L90 requires minimal maintenance. As a microprocessor-based relay, its characteristics do not change over time. Expected service life is 20 years for UR devices manufactured June 2014 or later when applied in a controlled indoor environment and electrical conditions within specification.
Page 808: Cybersentry Security Event Files
Using the Up or Down pushbuttons on the front panel, select the file. Press the COPY pushbutton. The files are copied from the L90 to the USB drive. Do not unplug the USB drive while copying is in progress, else the USB drive can be compromised.
Page 809: Convert Device Settings
Convert the settings by right-clicking one of the files in the Offline Window and selecting the Convert Device Settings option. GE recommends converting settings in firmware steps, for example when converting from 6.0 to 7.4x, convert first to 7.0 then 7.4 in order to follow embedded conversion rules and keep settings.
Page 810 Change settings in the new file, for example by looking at the original file. Write the converted file to the device, for example by dragging and dropping from the Offline Window to the Online Window. Check settings and operation. 11-6 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 811: Copy Settings To Other Device
11.5 Copy settings to other device Settings from one L90 device can be copied to another L90 device for rapid deployment. The order codes must match. See the Settings File section at the beginning of the Interfaces chapter for a list of settings not deployed, such as IP address.
Page 812: Compare Two Devices
UR device settings can be saved in a backup URS file using the EnerVista UR Setup software. The URS file is the standard UR settings file. For an introduction to settings files in the URS format, see the beginning of the Interfaces chapter. 11-8 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 813 Have this option enabled when you want to keep the IID file from the UR device instead of from another tool. The location of the file is C:\ProgramData\GE Power Management\urpc\Offline, for example.
Page 814 The file is copied from the computer to the location specified. To save list of sites and devices with an Environment backup: In EnerVista, click File > Environment > Backup. A window opens. Name and save the .ENV file. 11-10 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 815: Restore Settings
These messages display because the roles of the protection engineer and network engineer can be separate. The former can require a URS file, while the latter can require stored Modbus settings and protection schemes. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-11...
Page 816 EnerVista UR Setup software. To restore the list of sites and devices from an Environment backup: In EnerVista, click File > Environment > Restore. A window opens. Select the .ENV file to restore. 11-12 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 817: Upgrade Software
11.9 Upgrade firmware If upgrading both EnerVista software and L90 firmware, upgrade the software first. The firmware of the L90 device can be upgraded, locally or remotely, using the EnerVista software. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-13...
Page 818 You access the Convert Device Settings option by right-clicking the file in the Offline Window area at the lower left. GE recommends converting settings in firmware steps, for example when converting from 6.0 to 7.4x, convert first to 7.0 then 7.4 in order to follow embedded conversion rules and keep settings. Note that the values of all settings that have been defaulted during conversion are not listed in the conversion report;...
Page 819: Replace Front Panel
For an enhanced front panel, loosen the thumb screw and open slightly the front panel. For a standard front panel, lift up the black plastic latch on the right side of the front panel and open slightly the front panel. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-15...
Page 820 With a Phillips screwdriver, unscrew and remove the mounting bracket on the right side of the unit. The bracket for the enhanced front panel looks similar to that for the graphical front panel, but they are not the same. 11-16 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 821 Figure 11-15: Remove standard front panel mounting bracket on right side Open the front panel. Unplug or unscrew the grey ground cable from the front panel. Unplug the RJ45 connector from the CPU module in the second slot on the left. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-17...
Page 822 Unscrew and remove the mounting bracket with the front panel from the left side. Figure 11-17: Unscrew enhanced front panel mounting bracket on left side Figure 11-18: Unscrew standard front panel mounting bracket on left side 11-18 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 823 Figure 11-19: Attach mounting bracket to relay on left side (no power supply module in first slot) Screw the right mounting bracket to the right side of the relay. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-19...
Page 824 Optionally remove the protective plastic film on the graphical front panel. It is normally peeled off, but also can be left The graphical front panel has been installed but not connected. 11-20 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 825 Ensure that the RS485 connector and the black cover plate are not on the back of the CPU module before sliding the module into the front of the relay. Figure 11-23: Rear of a CPU module before insertion without RS485 connector or cover plate L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-21...
Page 826 Insert the silver SFP connector(s) at the back of the CPU module, then connect any Ethernet connection(s). Power up the relay. If the graphical front panel does not power up immediately, disconnect power, open the front 11-22 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 827: Replace Module
Open the enhanced front panel to the left once the thumb screw has been removed. This allows for easy access of the modules for withdrawal. The new wide-angle hinge assembly in the enhanced front panel opens completely and allows easy access to all modules in the L90. Figure 11-26: Modules inside relay with front cover open (enhanced front panel) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM –...
Page 828: Battery
When required, the battery can be replaced. The power supply module contains the battery. The battery type is 3 V cylindrical. 11.12.1 Replace battery for SH/SL power supply When required, the battery can be replaced. The power supply module contains the battery. 11-24 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 829 10. Reinstall the battery holder and the metal cover, and reinsert the power supply module into the unit. 11. Power on the unit. 12. Dispose of the old battery as outlined in the next section. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-25...
Page 830: Dispose Of Battery
(Cd), el plomo (Pb), o el mercurio (Hg ). Para el reciclaje apropiado, devuelva este producto a su distribuidor ó deshágase de él en los puntos de reciclaje designados. Para mas información : wwwrecyclethis.info. 11-26 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 831 (Cd), lood (Pb) of kwik (Hg). Voor correcte vorm van kringloop, geef je de producten terug aan jou locale leverancier of geef het af aan een gespecialiseerde verzamelpunt. Meer informatie vindt u op de volgende website: www.recyclethis.info. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 11-27...
Page 832 Bu sembolle işaretlenmiş piller Kadmiyum(Cd), Kurşun(Pb) ya da Civa(Hg) içerebilir. Doğru geri dönüşüm için ürünü yerel tedarikçinize geri veriniz ya da özel işaretlenmiş toplama noktlarına atınız. Daha fazla bilgi için: www.recyclethis.info. 11-28 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 833: Clear Files And Data After Uninstall
For issues not solved by troubleshooting, the process to return the device to the factory for repair is as follows: • Contact a GE Grid Solutions Technical Support Center. Contact information is found in the first chapter. • Obtain a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) number from the Technical Support Center.
Page 834: Storage
Customers are responsible for shipping costs to the factory, regardless of whether the unit is under warranty. • Fax a copy of the shipping information to the GE Grid Solutions service department in Canada at +1 905 927 5098. Use the detailed return procedure outlined at https://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin/support/ret_proc.htm...
Page 835: Flexanalog Items
Field RTD 6 Value Field RTD 6 value 5830 Field RTD 7 Value Field RTD 7 value 5831 Field RTD 8 Value Field RTD 8 value 5832 Field TDR 1 Value Field TDR 1 value L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 836 SRC 2 In Mag Amps Source 2 neutral current magnitude 6227 SRC 2 In Angle Degrees Source 2 neutral current angle 6228 SRC 2 Ig RMS Amps Source 2 ground current RMS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 837 SRC 4 In Angle Degrees Source 4 neutral current angle 6356 SRC 4 Ig RMS Amps Source 4 ground current RMS 6358 SRC 4 Ig Mag Amps Source 4 ground current magnitude L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 838 SRC 2 Vcg Angle Degrees Source 2 phase CG voltage angle 6735 SRC 2 Vab RMS Volts Source 2 phase AB voltage RMS 6737 SRC 2 Vbc RMS Volts Source 2 phase BC voltage RMS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 839 SRC 4 Vbg RMS Volts Source 4 phase BG voltage RMS 6852 SRC 4 Vcg RMS Volts Source 4 phase CG voltage RMS 6854 SRC 4 Vag Mag Volts Source 4 phase AG voltage magnitude L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 840 SRC 2 Qa Vars Source 2 phase A reactive power 7212 SRC 2 Qb Vars Source 2 phase B reactive power 7214 SRC 2 Qc Vars Source 2 phase C reactive power L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 841 Source 1 negative varhour 7440 SRC 2 Pos Watthour Source 2 positive Watthour 7442 SRC 2 Neg Watthour Source 2 negative Watthour 7444 SRC 2 Pos varh varh Source 2 positive varhour L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 842 SRC 1 Va Harm[8] Source 1 phase A voltage eighth harmonic 8072 SRC 1 Va Harm[9] Source 1 phase A voltage ninth harmonic 8073 SRC 1 Va Harm[10] Source 1 phase A voltage tenth harmonic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 843 SRC 1 Vc Harm[5] Source 1 phase C voltage fifth harmonic 8119 SRC 1 Vc Harm[6] Source 1 phase C voltage sixth harmonic 8120 SRC 1 Vc Harm[7] Source 1 phase C voltage seventh harmonic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 844 Source 2 phase B voltage second harmonic 8166 SRC 2 Vb Harm[3] Source 2 phase B voltage third harmonic 8167 SRC 2 Vb Harm[4] Source 2 phase B voltage fourth harmonic A-10 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 845 Source 2 phase C voltage twenty-fourth harmonic 8213 SRC 2 Vc Harm[25] Source 2 phase C voltage twenty-fifth harmonic 8214 SRC 3 Va THD Source 3 phase A voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-11...
Page 846 Source 3 phase B voltage twenty-first harmonic 8260 SRC 3 Vb Harm[22] Source 3 phase B voltage twenty-second harmonic 8261 SRC 3 Vb Harm[23] Source 3 phase B voltage twenty-third harmonic A-12 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 847 Source 4 phase A voltage eighteenth harmonic 8307 SRC 4 Va Harm[19] Source 4 phase A voltage nineteenth harmonic 8308 SRC 4 Va Harm[20] Source 4 phase A voltage twentieth harmonic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-13...
Page 848 Source 4 phase C voltage fifteenth harmonic 8354 SRC 4 Vc Harm[16] Source 4 phase C voltage sixteenth harmonic 8355 SRC 4 Vc Harm[17] Source 4 phase C voltage seventeenth harmonic A-14 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 849 Fault Vc Mag [1] Volts Fault 1 post-fault phase C voltage magnitude 9059 Fault Vc Ang [1] Degrees Fault 1 post-fault phase C voltage angle 9060 Fault Type [1] Fault 1 type L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-15...
Page 850 The following fault locator FlexAnalog parameters (9412 to 9420) values work properly when all relays are connected as wye or all relays are connected as delta. 9412 Local Vcomp Mag Volts Local fault locator composite voltage magnitude 9414 Local Vcomp Ang Degrees Local fault locator composite voltage angle A-16 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 851 Source 1 phase A current sixth harmonic 10246 SRC 1 Ia Harm[7] Source 1 phase A current seventh harmonic 10247 SRC 1 Ia Harm[8] Source 1 phase A current eighth harmonic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-17...
Page 852 Source 1 phase C current third harmonic 10309 SRC 1 Ic Harm[4] Source 1 phase C current fourth harmonic 10310 SRC 1 Ic Harm[5] Source 1 phase C current fifth harmonic A-18 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 853 Source 2 phase A current twenty-fifth harmonic 10372 SRC 2 Ib THD Source 2 phase B current total harmonic distortion 10373 SRC 2 Ib Harm[2] Source 2 phase B current second harmonic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-19...
Page 854 Source 2 phase C current twenty-second harmonic 10427 SRC 2 Ic Harm[23] Source 2 phase C current twenty-third harmonic 10428 SRC 2 Ic Harm[24] Source 2 phase C current twenty-fourth harmonic A-20 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 855 Source 3 phase B current nineteenth harmonic 10490 SRC 3 Ib Harm[20] Source 3 phase B current twentieth harmonic 10491 SRC 3 Ib Harm[21] Source 3 phase B current twenty-first harmonic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-21...
Page 856 Source 4 phase A current sixteenth harmonic 10553 SRC 4 Ia Harm[17] Source 4 phase A current seventeenth harmonic 10554 SRC 4 Ia Harm[18] Source 4 phase A current eighteenth harmonic A-22 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 857 Source 4 phase C current thirteenth harmonic 10616 SRC 4 Ic Harm[14] Source 4 phase C current fourteenth harmonic 10617 SRC 4 Ic Harm[15] Source 4 phase C current fifteenth harmonic L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-23...
Page 858 Synchrocheck 3 V2_angle 10894 Synchchk 3 Delta’ Phs Degrees Synchrocheck 3 delta_phase 10895 Synchchk 3 SSCP DPh’ Degrees Synchrocheck 3 _synchscope 10896 Synchchk 4 Delta V Volts Synchrocheck 4 delta voltage A-24 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 859 Volts Synchrocheck 7 V2_mag 10957 Synchchk 7 V2’ Ang Degrees Synchrocheck 7 V2_angle 10958 Synchchk 7 Delta’ Phs Degrees Synchrocheck 7 delta_phase 10959 Synchchk 7 SSCP DPh’ Degrees Synchrocheck 7 _synchscope L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-25...
Page 860 Breaker 1 arcing amp phase B 12046 Brk 1 Arc Amp C kA2-cyc Breaker 1 arcing amp phase C 12048 Brk 1 Amp Max A kA2-cyc Breaker 1 amp max phase A A-26 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 861 RTD input 4 actual value 13556 RTD Ip 5 RTD input 5 actual value 13557 RTD Ip 6 RTD input 6 actual value 13558 RTD Ip 7 RTD input 7 actual value L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-27...
Page 862 Ohm inputs 2 value 14189 PTP–IRIG-B Delta PTP time minus IRIG-B time 24432 Communications Group Groups communications group 24447 Active Setting Group Current setting group 32448 Dist Zab Mag Ohms Distance Zab magnitude A-28 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 863 RxGOOSE Analog 18 RxGOOSE analog input 18 45620 RxGOOSE Analog 19 RxGOOSE analog input 19 45622 RxGOOSE Analog 20 RxGOOSE analog input 20 45624 RxGOOSE Analog 21 RxGOOSE analog input 21 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL A-29...
Page 864 RxGOOSE analog input 30 45644 RxGOOSE Analog 31 RxGOOSE analog input 31 45646 RxGOOSE Analog 32 RxGOOSE analog input 32 61439 PMU Num Triggers Phasor measurement unit recording number of triggers A-30 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 865: B Radius Server
UR device for successful authentication, and the shortname is a short, optional alias that can be used in place of the IP address. client 10.0.0.2/24 { secret = testing123 shortname = private-network-1 In the <Path_to_Radius>\etc\raddb folder, create a file called dictionary.ge and add the following content. # ########################################################## GE VSAs ############################################################ VENDOR...
Page 866 Access Settings > Product Setup > Security. Configure the IP address and ports for the RADIUS server. Leave the GE vendor ID field at the default of 2910. Update the RADIUS shared secret as specified in the clients.conf file. Restart the relay for the IP address and port changes to take effect.
Page 867: C Command Line
When the Supervisor account is enabled, the 'Lock Relay' setting must first be changed to No before the putsettings, inservice, or reboot command can be used. This setting cannot be changed using the command line interface. • Use quotes ("") to enclose any parameter containing a space L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 868 For non-CyberSentry devices — Set <authentication type> to "traditional". Note that <authentication type> defaults to "traditional" if not specified. Set <account> to "COMMANDS" or "SETTINGS". If not specified, the SETTINGS account is used. Example: SetupCLI URPC login -d "C30 Melbourne" -A traditional -a SETTINGS -w 1password1 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 869 Read settings from device <device> and save them to the .urs file <File>. The <File> must not already exist. The default path to the output file is C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\GE Power Management\URPC\Data Example: SetupCLI URPC getsettings -d C30 -f "C30 Markham.urs"...
Page 870 SetupCLI URPC getsettings -d demoDevice -f devicefile.urs SetupCLI URPC compare -f existingfile.urs -r devicefile.urs -o output.txt The output is similar to the following: Comparing settings file aaa.urs : C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\GE Power Management\URPC\Data\ with bbb.urs : C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\GE Power Management\URPC\Data\ Setting Name...
Page 871 SetupCLI URPC getsettings -d DEV@SETUP_CLI -f "example file.urs" SetupCLI URPC logout -d DEV@SETUP_CLI SetupCLI URPC exit DEV@SETUP_CLI has to be used as the device name in the commands followed by the 'adddevice' command. L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 872 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE APPENDIX C: COMMAND LINE INTERFACE L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 873: Warranty
This chapter provides the warranty and revision history. D.1 Warranty For products shipped as of 1 October 2013, GE Grid Solutions warrants most of its GE manufactured products for 10 years. For warranty details including any limitations and disclaimers, see the Terms and Conditions at http://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin/warranty.htm...
Page 874 5 April 2012 12-3254 1601-0081-Y1 7.0x 30 September 2012 12-3529 1601-0081-Y2 7.0x 11 November 2012 12-3601 1601-0081-Z1 7.1x 30 March 2013 13-0126 1601-0081-AA1 7.2x 1 August 2013 13-0401 1601-0081-AB1 7.3x 7 November 2014 14-1408 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 875 17-3561 1601-0081-AF1 7.6x 30 June 2017 17-3779 Table D-2: Major changes for L90 manual version AF1 (English) Page Description General revision Updated "faceplate" to "front panel" for consistency and to reflect web site Added graphical front panel option to order codes and specifications in chapter 2, Interfaces chapter 4, Settings chapter 5, Actual Values chapter 6 Added PEAP-GTC and PAP protocols for authenticating user logins when using a RADIUS server.
Page 876 REVISION HISTORY APPENDIX D: MISCELLANEOUS Page Description 11-5 Added Copy Settings to Other Device section Table D-4: Major changes for L90 manual version AE1 (English) Page Description General revision Added routable GOOSE content in chapters 2 and 5 3-35 Updated RS422 and Fiber Interface Connection figure for the clock channels (from 7a and 7b to 1a and 1b)
Page 877 APPENDIX D: MISCELLANEOUS REVISION HISTORY Page Description 11-2 Added Retrieve Files section Added Command Line Interface appendix L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 878 REVISION HISTORY APPENDIX D: MISCELLANEOUS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 879 Full Load Current Contact Output Fiber Optic Communication FPGA Field-programmable Gate Array COMM Communications FREQ Frequency COMP Compensated, Comparison Frequency-Shift Keying CONN Connection File Transfer Protocol CONT Continuous, Contact FlexElement™ CO-ORD Coordination Forward L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 880 Low Voltage Parallel Redundancy Protocol PSEL Presentation Selector Machine Precision Time Protocol Machine to Machine Per Unit MilliAmpere PUIB Pickup Current Block Magnitude PUIT Pickup Current Trip Manual / Manually PUSHBTN Pushbutton L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 881 Time Dial Multiplier TEMP Temperature TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol Total Harmonic Distortion Timer Time Overcurrent Time Overvoltage TRANS Transient TRANSF Transfer TSEL Transport Selector Time Undercurrent Time Undervoltage TX (Tx) Transmit, Transmitter L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 882 ABBREVIATIONS L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 883 ..............7-6 logic diagrams .................5-407 role for CyberSentry ................2-9 sequence diagram ................5-411 Aggregator settings ....................5-399 actual values ..................6-26 specifications ..................2-39 settings ....................5-184 Aggregator error message ............7-11 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 884 FlexLogic operands ...............5-191 set on front panel ................7-3 logic diagram ..............5-298, 5-299 settings ....................5-108 main path sequence ..............5-295 synchronize several devices ............ 5-109 settings ................5-292, 5-296 specifications ..................2-38 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 885 ...................5-414 IAC ......................5-259 FlexLogic operands ...............5-200 IEC ......................5-257 settings ....................5-413 IEEE .......................5-256 specifications ..................2-44 inverse time undervoltage ............5-302 thresholds ..................5-413 types .....................5-256 wet and dry connections ..............3-22 Cutout, panel ...................3-2, 3-5 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 886 ............1-2, 4-78 Disposal ....................11-30 Device overview .................. 11-1 Dispose of battery ................11-26 Device setup ..................3-61 Diagnostic alarm error ............... 7-9 Diagnostic failure error ..............7-8 Dielectric strength ................3-13 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 887 Fast transient testing specifications ........2-52 command to force user logoff ............7-6 Fault locator create logic diagram ...............4-63 logic diagram ...................10-61 Error messages ..................4-71 operation ....................10-59 Warning messages ................4-72 Fault locator specifications ............2-42 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 888 ...................5-211 FlexAnalogs ....................A-2 pickup ....................5-211 FlexLogic operands ..............5-194 settings ....................5-209 logic diagram .................. 5-413 specifications ..................2-41 settings ....................5-412 specifications ..................2-38 Frequency tracking ................6-24 Frequency, nominal ................ 5-138 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 889 ..................2-34 Group 1 switch after powerup ..........5-216 Grouped elements ................5-216 Guarantee ....................D-1 HardFiber interface module described ............3-16 order codes for compatible URs ..........2-11 self-test errors ................... 7-13 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 890 ................. 3-65, 5-60, 11-8 import preferences ................. 11-9 Import settings file ................3-65 Keypad ...................... 4-38 Import settings from SCD or CID file ........11-12 In service indicator ................7-7 In Service LED ..................3-49 viii L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 891 Modem connection ................3-61 Loop actual values ................6-27 Modification file number ..............6-34 Loop filter block diagram .............10-11 Loopback settings ................5-432 Loopback test ..................2-7 Lost password ..................5-9 Low-voltage fault .................8-13 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 892 IAC ......................5-259 Neutral TOC IEC ......................5-257 FlexLogic operands ...............5-195 Overfrequency logic diagram ...................5-269 FlexLogic operands ..............5-195 settings ....................5-268 logic diagram .................. 5-341 specifications ..................2-34 settings ....................5-341 specifications ..................2-37 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 893 UR device ..............5-168 Phase distance see Synchrophasor FlexLogic operands ...............5-196 settings, aggregator ..............5-184 logic diagram ...................5-235 settings, recording .................5-183 OP scheme ..................5-234 settings, tests ...................5-429 settings ....................5-226 status of activation ................. 6-34 specifications ..................2-31 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 894 Reactive power ..................6-19 Preserve custom attributes when importing SCD/CID files Reactive power specifications ............. 2-43 11-9 Real power ....................6-19 Print front panel labels ............4-44, 4-77 Real power specifications .............. 2-43 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 895 ..............5-26 RJ-45 ....................2-11, 3-11 Security audit list of port numbers ........... 5-46 RMS voltage specifications ............2-43 Roles for login ..................2-9 Rolling demand ..................5-121 Routable GOOSE ...................5-66 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL xiii...
Page 896 ..................2-41 transfer with USB stick ..............4-16 use, change setting ................. 4-53 Settings password ..............4-61, 5-11 Standards, certification ..............2-53 startup events ..................5-26 Status LEDs ................. 4-41, 4-43 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 897 ......................4-12 .......................11-9 overview ....................4-12 TCP port number for web access ..........5-100 rules ......................4-14 Technical support .................. 1-2 view data ..................... 4-13 files ....................1-2, 11-3 Tracking frequency ................6-24 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 898 ..................2-41 settings ....................5-393 testing .......................7-3 Underfrequency User-programmable self-test settings ........ 5-125 FlexLogic operands ...............5-200 logic diagram ...................5-340 settings ....................5-340 specifications ..................2-37 VAR hour actual values ..................6-20 specifications ..................2-43 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...
Page 899 Wattmetric zero-sequence directional actual values ..................6-25 FlexLogic operands ...............5-200 logic diagram ...................5-279 settings ....................5-275 specifications ..................2-36 Waveform files, view ................4-81 Web access port ................5-100 Web server protocol ...............5-100 Windows requirement ..............3-51 L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL xvii...
Page 900 INDEX xviii L90 LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL...

GE L90 Instruction Manual

1 Introduction

Safety Symbols and Definitions

2 Product Description

Description

3 Installation

Unpack and Inspect

4 Interfaces

Enervista Software Interface

5 Settings

6 Actual Values

Actual Values Menu

7 Commands and Targets

8 Application of Settings

Quick Links

Related Manuals for GE L90

Summary of Contents for GE L90