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FUEL SYSTEM / FUEL INJECTION
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM TESTING
AND DIAGNOSTICS
Fuel Injection System - Overview Of
Operation
The Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) system functions to
provide the engine with precisely metered fuel under
varying loads and conditions.
The Engine Control Module or "ECM", is located under
the seat. It is programmed to provide the proper fuel and
ignition timing based mainly on primary inputs of engine
RPM and the Temperature and Manifold Absolute
Pressure (TMAP) sensor inputs. The ECM evaluates
other minor sensory information received from various
sensors in the EFI system, and also provides grounds or
voltage to other EFI related circuits of the electrical and
fuel delivery systems.
A Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is mounted on the left
side of the throttle body. The TPS is not a primary input
for air flow information in the closed loop system. It mainly
provides "rate of change" feedback to the ECM (such as
rapid acceleration) and also serves as a plausibility check
for the TMAP sensor. The MAP portion of the TMAP
sensor is the primary air flow and load sensing device.
An electric fuel pump, mounted inside the fuel tank
supplies fuel pressure to the injectors continuously when
the engine is running or cranking. A pressure regulator
incorporated on the pump keeps fuel pressure steady at
approximately 50 PSI (3.44 Bar). The fuel pump cycles
"ON" for 2-3 seconds when the ignition key and Engine
Stop switch are turned on to pressurize the system for
start-up.
The fuel injectors inject fuel when they are grounded by
drivers inside the ECM. The duration of the injector pulse
(length of time the injector circuit is grounded) is
controlled by the ECM. Pulse duration determines the
amount of fuel delivered to the engine (longer cycles =
more fuel). The ECM selects the correct amount of fuel
injector cycle time by referencing a three dimensional fuel
"map". Simplified, each reference point on the map
represents a different amount of time.
Although TMAP and engine RPM are the most influential
inputs for selecting a map reference point, the ECM also
evaluates feedback from minor sensors in the system, to
obtain a more accurate "picture" of the fuel needs at any
given moment.
The locations of sensors and other EFI system related
components is shown on page 5.32.
5.34
9924047 - 2012-2013 VICTORY Cross Roads / Cross Country Service Manual
Idle Air Control (IAC) - Overview Of Operation
The Idle Air Control system consists of the Engine Control
Module (ECM), IAC valve, air supply hose, two air delivery
hoses, and related wiring between ECM and IAC valve.
(See IAC Assembly View on page 5.13).
The IAC valve is located behind the cover on the right side
of the throttle body. Its main function is to stabilize the
engine's base idle speed by varying the amount of air
allowed to the engine at idle and low throttle openings. Air
is regulated by valves located inside the IAC valve body.
The ECM continuously monitors engine RPM and
changes the position of IAC air valves (via step motors) to
maintain idle speed between 850 and 1050 RPM.
Filtered air from the air box is delivered to the IAC valve
body through a supply hose on the lower left side of the air
box, then distributed to front and rear cylinder throttle
bodies through separate delivery hoses.
IAC CYCLING - Whenever the IAC wire harness is
disconnected, or after ECM re-programming, cycle the key
switch on and off so the IAC valve can "learn" its position.
Wait 5 seconds after turning the key ON. The system
requires no scheduled maintenance beyond visual
inspection of all hoses and electrical connections. NEVER
attempt to "adjust" idle speed with the throttle stop screw
or flow balance screw (on RH end of throttle body). These
screws are factory pre-set. Any tampering will require
throttle body replacement. If IAC cannot stabilize the idle,
look for air leaks, air restrictions, or poor electrical
connections. View the Closed Loop Correction Factor data
item in Digital Wrench (normal is .92-1.07). Higher
numbers could indicate an IAC or inlet manifold leak.
Self-diagnostic Feature
The ECM used on the Victory motorcycle stores trouble
codes in memory. Trouble codes are stored by the ECM
when a sensor reading is outside of the normal or
"plausible" range. Codes are listed and described on
page 5.37. The ECM is located under the left side cover.
When a fault occurs, the ECM records a code in the
"Logged Faults" memory. If a fault is currently active, the
code is also recorded in the ECM "Current Faults"
memory and remains until the fault is no longer occurring.
If a problem is corrected, a "Current Fault" is erased, but
the code remains in "Logged Faults" memory until it is
manually cleared using Digital Wrench. Logged faults
remain even if battery power is removed from the ECM.
Digital Wrench
interface with the EFI system by coupling to a diagnostic
port located under the left side cover. Whenever avail-
able, Digital Wrench should always be connected to a
vehicle for more accurate problem diagnosis.
© Copyright 2012 Polaris Sales Inc.
diagnostic software is the tool used to
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