Dual-Mode Appi/Apci Source; Nanoflow Esi Source - Waters Xevo TQ MS Operator's, Overview And Maintenance Manual

1 Waters Xevo TQ MS Overview

Dual-mode APPI/APCI source

The optional, combined atmospheric pressure photoionization/atmospheric
pressure chemical ionization (APPI/APCI) source comprises an APCI probe
and the APPI lamp drive assembly. The APPI lamp drive assembly, which
itself comprises a UV lamp and a repeller electrode. In addition, a
specially-shaped, dual, APPI/APCI corona pin can be used. You can operate
the source in APPI, APCI, or dual mode, which switches rapidly between APPI
and APCI ionization modes.

NanoFlow ESI source

NanoFlow is the name given to several techniques that use low flow rate
electrospray ionization (ESI). The NanoFlow source allows electrospray
ionization in the flow rate range 5 to 1000 nL/min. For a given sample
concentration, the ion currents observed approximate those seen in normal
flow rate electrospray. However, for similar experiments, NanoFlow's
significant reduction in sample consumption accompanies significant
increases in sensitivity.
The following options are available for the spraying capillary:
• Universal nebulizer sprayer (Nano-LC).
This option is for flow injection or for coupling to nano-UPLC and uses a
pump to regulate the flow rate downward to 100 nL/min. If a syringe
pump is used, a gas-tight syringe is necessary to effect correct flow rates
without leakage. A volume of 250 µL is recommended.
• Borosilicate glass capillaries (nanovials).
Metal-coated, glass capillaries allow the lowest flow rates. Usable for
one sample, they must then be discarded.
• Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) or Capillary Electrochromatography
(CEC) sprayer.
This option uses a make-up liquid at the capillary tip, which allows a
stable electrospray to occur. The make-up flow rate is less than
1 µL/min.
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