Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (Apci); Dual-Mode Appi/Apci Source; Nanoflow Esi Source - Waters Xevo TQ-S Operator's, Overview And Maintenance Manual

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)

A dedicated high-performance atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
(APCI) interface is offered as an option. APCI produces singly charged
protonated or deprotonated molecules for a broad range of nonvolatile
analytes.
The APCI interface consists of the ESI/APCI/ESCi enclosure fitted with a
corona pin and an IonSABRE II probe.
See "APCI mode" on page 3-7

Dual-mode APPI/APCI source

The optional, combined atmospheric pressure photoionization/atmospheric
pressure chemical ionization (APPI/APCI) source comprises an IonSABRE II
probe and the APPI lamp drive assembly. The APPI lamp drive assembly
comprises a UV lamp and a repeller electrode. In addition, a specially-shaped,
dual, APPI/APCI corona pin can be used. You can operate the source in APPI,
APCI, or dual mode, which switches rapidly between APPI and APCI
ionization modes.

NanoFlow ESI source

"NanoFlow" is the name given to several techniques that use low flow rate
electrospray ionization (ESI). The NanoFlow source allows electrospray
ionization in the flow rate range 5 to 1000 nL/min. For a given sample
concentration, the ion currents observed approximate those seen in normal
flow rate electrospray. However, for similar experiments, NanoFlow's
significant reduction in sample consumption accompanies significant
increases in sensitivity.
1-8 Waters Xevo TQ-S Overview
for further details.