Table 2-4. M68000 Address Spaces - Motorola MC68302 User Manual

Other bus masters besides the M68000 may also output function codes during their bus cy-
cles. On the MC68302, this capability is provided for each potential internal bus master (i.e.,
the IDMA, SDMA, and DRAM refresh units). Also on the MC68302, provision is made for the
decoding of function codes that are output from external bus masters (e.g., in the chip-select
generation logic).
In computer design, function code information can be used to protect certain portions of the
address map from unauthorized access or even to extend the addressable range beyond
the M68000 16-Mbyte address limit. However, in controller applications, function codes are
used most often as a debugging aid. Furthermore, in many controller applications, the
M68000 stays continuously in the supervisor state.
All exception processing occurs in the supervisor state, regardless of the state of the S bit
when the exception occurs. The bus cycles generated during exception processing are clas-
sified as supervisor references. All stacking operations during exception processing use the
SSP.
The user state is the lower state of privilege. For instruction execution, the user state is de-
termined by the S bit of the SR; if the S bit is negated (low), the processor is executing in-
structions in the user state. Most instructions execute identically in either user state or
supervisor state. However, instructions having important system effects are privileged. User
programs are not permitted to execute the STOP instruction or the RESET instruction. To
ensure that a user program cannot enter the supervisor state except in a controlled manner,
the instructions which modify the entire SR are privileged. To aid in debugging programs to
be used in operating systems, the move-to-user-stack-pointer (MOVE to USP) and move-
from-user-stack-pointer (MOVE from USP) instructions are also privileged.
The supervisor state is the highest state of privilege. For instruction execution, the supervi-
sor state is determined by the S bit of the SR; if the S bit is asserted (high), the processor is
in the supervisor state. The bus cycles generated by instructions executed in the supervisor
state are classified as supervisor references. While the processor is in the supervisor privi-
lege state, those instructions using either the system stack pointer implicitly or address reg-
ister seven explicitly access the SSP.
MOTOROLA

Table 2-4. M68000 Address Spaces

Function Code Output
FC2 FC1 FC0
1 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
* This is the function code output for the M68000 interrupt
acknowledge cycle.
MC68302 USER'S MANUAL
MC68000/MC68008 Core
Reference Class
(Unassigned)
User Data
User Program
(Unassigned)
(Unassigned)
Supervisor Data
Supervisor Program
*
CPU Space
2-7