Agilent Technologies E4991A Installation And Quick Start Manual
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Agilent Technologies E4991A Installation And Quick Start Manual

Agilent Technologies E4991A Installation And Quick Start Manual

Impedance/material analyzer
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Agilent E4991A RF Impedance/Material Analyzer
Installation and Quick Start Guide
Tenth Edition
Manufacturing No. E4991-90201
June 2012

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  • Page 1 ® Advanced Test Equipment Rentals www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832) Agilent E4991A RF Impedance/Material Analyzer Installation and Quick Start Guide Tenth Edition Manufacturing No. E4991-90201 June 2012...
  • Page 2 This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Agilent Technologies. Microsoft®,MS-DOS®,Windows®,Visual C++®,Visual Basic®,VBA® and Excel® are registered UNIX is a registered trademark in U.S.

  • Page 3: Safety Summary

    The E4991A complies with INSTALLATION CATEGORY II as well as POLLUTION DEGREE 2 in IEC61010-1. The E4991A is an INDOOR USE product. NOTE The LEDs in the E4991A are Class 1 in accordance with IEC60825-1, CLASS 1 LED PRODUCT. •...

  • Page 4: Safety Symbols

    Safety Symbols General definitions of safety symbols used on the instrument or in manuals are listed below. Instruction Manual symbol: parts of the product are marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instrument manual. Alternating current.
  • Page 5 Typeface Conventions sample (bold) Boldface type is used for emphasis. sample (Italic) Italic type is used for emphasized phrases and titles of manuals in English. Indicates the key on the front panel labeled [sample] “ ”. It also may refer to the label on the sample button.
  • Page 6 • Operational Manual (Part Number E4991-900x0, attached to Option ABA) This manual describes most of the basic information needed to use the E4991A. It provides a function overview, detailed operation procedure for each function (from preparation for measurement to analysis of measurement results), measurement examples, specifications, and supplemental information.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Test Fixtures Available for E4991A ........
  • Page 8 Presetting the E4991A ........
  • Page 9 Contents Adjusting Scale ..............86 Performing Averaging .
  • Page 10 Contents Required Equipment ..............128 Connecting Mouse, Keyboard, and Test Head .

  • Page 11: Introduction

    Introduction This Chapter explains how to use this manual efficiently and describes the features of the Agilent E4991A. Refer to this chapter first when you use the E4991A for the first time.

  • Page 12: How To Use This Manual

    The major features and functions of the E4991A are described. How to Use This Manual This Quick Start Guide has been prepared to quickly familiarize users with the E4991A and to overview its basic functions and measurements. Figure 1-1 shows the organization of the manual.
  • Page 13 E4991A for the first time. o Chapter 2, “Installation Guide” This chapter describes how to install and set up the Agilent E4991A after it is delivered and explains daily maintenance procedures. o Chapter 3, “Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement”...

  • Page 14: Features Of The Agilent E4991A

    Analyzer) is the most appropriate evaluation tool for taking impedance, dielectric and magnetic measurements of RF devices. The E4991A is equipped with the following features to more efficiently develop and evaluate RF devices and to improve quality control. 1. Achieves high measurement accuracy in the high-frequency range (1 MHz to 3 GHz) needed to evaluate components for wireless equipment and EMI prevention.

  • Page 15: Installation Guide

    Installation Guide This chapter describes how to install and set up the Agilent E4991A after it is delivered and explains daily maintenance procedures.
  • Page 16 Inspection of the shipping container’s contents after delivery of the analyzer. o How to Install Front Handles/Rack Mounting Flanges page 22 Installation of the front handle used for carrying the E4991A and the flange used for mounting the E4991A in a rack.

  • Page 17: Incoming Inspection

    Step 3. Confirm that there exists no mechanical or electrical defect. Step 4. Confirm that the E4991A operates normally both mechanically and electrically. For a list of the package’s contents, refer to Table 2-1. Figure 2-2 shows the contents of the standard package that comes with the E4991A.
  • Page 18 Agilent product/ Name of item Quantity part No. Standard Accessories Main unit of E4991A E4991A Test Head E4991-60011 E4991-1610x CD-ROM (for installing E4991A VBA software) 16195-60021 7-mm Calibration Kit Torque Wrench 8710-1766 E4991-905xx CD-ROM (for manuals) Power Cable E2078-62101 GPIB Adapter...
  • Page 19 Installation Guide Incoming Inspection Table 2-1 Contents of E4991A package Agilent product/ Name of item Quantity part No. Handle Kit (Option 1CN) 5063-9229 Rack Mount Kit (Option 1CM) 5063-9216 Rack Mount / Handle Kit (Option 1CP) 5188-4430 *1.Used when installing VBA on an external PC. "x" in the part number indicates firmware revision, with “0”...
  • Page 20 Installation Guide Incoming Inspection Figure 2-3 Option 810 content Figure 2-4 Option 820 content Figure 2-5 Option ABA contents Chapter 2...
  • Page 21 Installation Guide Incoming Inspection Figure 2-6 Option 010 contents Figure 2-7 Option 007 contents Chapter 2...

  • Page 22: How To Install Front Handles/Rack Mounting Flanges

    How to Install Front Handles/Rack Mounting Flanges How to Install Front Handles/Rack Mounting Flanges The E4991A can be made more convenient for use with two key options (Table 2-2): handles mounted on each side of the front for easy transport and flanges to attach the instrument to a rack as part of a multi-component measurement system.

  • Page 23: How To Install The Handle Kit (Option 1Cn)

    Step 1. Remove the adhesive-backed trim strip (1) from each side of the outer frame of the E4991A front panel. Step 2. Use the provided screws to mount the front handles (2) on each side of the E4991A front panel frame.

  • Page 24: How To Install The Rack-Mount Kit (Option 1Cm)

    Step 2. Use the provided screws to mount a rack-mounting flange (4) on each side of the E4991A front panel frame. Step 3. Remove the four bottom feet of the E4991A (lift the bar marked TAB on the inner side of the foot and slide the foot toward the bar).

  • Page 25: Environmental Requirements

    Installation Guide Environmental Requirements Environmental Requirements Ensure that the following environmental requirements are met before using the E4991A. Operation Environment Use the E4991A under the following environmental conditions. Temperature 5°C to 40°C Relative humidity 20% to 80% (wet bulb temperature ≤ 29°C,...

  • Page 26: Ventilation Space

    AC outlet or the E4991A unit. When installing the E4991A, ensure that there is sufficient free space around the unit to permit quick disconnection of the plug (from AC outlet or E4991A unit) in case of emergency.

  • Page 27: Connection To Rear Panel

    REF OVEN and input terminal EXT REF on the rear panel of the E4991A in accordance with Figure 2-10. The BNC cable is supplied with Option 1D5. Installation of Option 1D5 increases the instrument’s frequency accuracy and stability.

  • Page 28: Connecting The Test Head

    NOTE When connecting the test head: • Do not remove the four feet on the bottom of the E4991A; doing this would make the connection more difficult. • Turn the N-type connectors in the order given in the instructions below when tightening them.

  • Page 29: Power Supply And Blown Fuses

    *1. Switched automatically by the E4991A in conformity to the voltage used. Verification and Connection of Power Cable The three-wire power cable attached to the E4991A has one wire serving as a ground. Using this power cable allows the E4991A to be grounded, thereby protecting you against electrical shock from the power outlet.

  • Page 30: Blown Fuses

    Blown Fuses If the fuse appears to have blown during operation, this equipment may be subject to failure and must be repaired. Contact the Agilent Technologies sales office or the company from which you purchased the equipment. The E4991A uses the following fuse type: UL/CSA Type, Slo-Blo, 8 A/250 Vac WARNING Do NOT replace the fuse yourself;...

  • Page 31: Turning The Power On And Off

    Under normal circumstances, always press the standby switch ( ), or send the shutdown command from an external controller, to execute the E4991A shutdown process. Never cut off the power supply directly by disconnecting the power cable plug from the rear panel of the unit.

  • Page 32: Disconnection From Supply Source

    Power Supply and Blown Fuses Disconnection from Supply Source The power supply of the E4991A is cut off by disconnecting the plug of the power cable (on either AC outlet side or E4991A side). When it is necessary to disconnect the power supply in order to avoid shock hazards, etc., pull out the power cable plug from either the...

  • Page 33: Initial Registration Of E4991A

    Installation Guide Initial Registration of E4991A Initial Registration of E4991A When you start up the E4991A for the first time or after executing system recovery, you need to perform the initial registration of the Windows 2000 operating system of the E4991A.
  • Page 34 Installation Guide Initial Registration of E4991A Step 3. In the Windows 2000 Professional Setup dialog box, select the I accept this agreement box and click the button (Figure 2-14). Then, the Windows 2000 operating system is Next > restarted automatically.
  • Page 35 Network Identification Wizard dialog box (1/2) Step 6. In the Network Identification Wizard dialog box (2/2), click the button to finish the Finish initial registration of the E4991A (Figure 2-17). Then, the measurement display of theE4991A appears. Figure 2-17 Network Identification Wizard dialog box (2/2)

  • Page 36: Test Fixtures Available For E4991A

    Test fixtures are used to provide high stability and repeatability in measurements. The test fixtures that can be used with the E4991A are listed in the following table. Select the appropriate test fixture depending on the type and size of the DUT. For detailed specifications of the test fixtures, refer to accessory catalogs or the operation manual of each test fixture.

  • Page 37: Instructions For Cleaning

    In addition to the above test fixtures, you can also use your own custom-made fixtures. Instructions for Cleaning To clean the exterior of the E4991A, gently wipe the surfaces with a clean dry cloth or a clean cloth that has been soaked in water and wrung tightly. Do not attempt to clean the internal parts of the E4991A.
  • Page 38 Installation Guide Instructions for Cleaning Chapter 2...

  • Page 39: Basic Operations For Rf Devices Measurement

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement This chapter explains the basic operations for taking impedance measurements with the Agilent E4991A. New users can quickly become familiar with these operations by performing procedures using chip-inductor measurements as examples.
  • Page 40 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement Contents of this chapter o Impedance Measurement Overview page 41 Measurement examples and a basic flow for impedance measurement. o STEP 1. Preparation for Measurement page 43 How to prepare for measurement. o STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions page 45 How to set sweeping conditions and measurement parameters.

  • Page 41: Impedance Measurement Overview

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement Impedance Measurement Overview Impedance Measurement Overview The following four measurement examples can help you learn how to use the E4991A. • Frequency characteristics of impedance, inductance and Q • Frequency characteristics of impedance, resistance and reactance •...

  • Page 42: Name Of Each Area On Lcd Screen

    Sweep averaging counter Sweep stop value *1. Indicates CW: Source frequency, OSC: Oscillator level, and BIAS: dc bias level [dc bias limit value] NOTE For each feature, refer to Chapter 2, “Function overview” in the E4991A Operation Manual. Chapter 3...

  • Page 43: Step 1. Preparation For Measurement

    Selection of DUT and Test Fixture The test fixtures are used to provide measurements that have high stability and repeatability. Agilent Technologies provides test fixtures for different sizes and types of SMDs (surface mounted devices) such as chip inductors and chip capacitors. The following test fixtures can be used with the E4991A.

  • Page 44: Connecting Mouse, Keyboard And Test Head

    Required equipment Connecting Mouse, Keyboard and Test Head Connect the mouse, keyboard and test head to the E4991A as shown in “Connection to Rear Panel” on page 27 and “Connecting the Test Head” on page 28. Be sure not to remove the four feet on the bottom of the E4991A when connecting the test head.

  • Page 45: Step 2. Setting Measurement Conditions

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Before starting the measurement, you must set measurement parameters and sweep conditions depending on your measurement requirements. This section describes the setup procedure for the following four measurements. (1) Frequency characteristics of |Z|-Ls-Q (2) Frequency characteristics of |Z|-R-X (3) Oscillator level (current) characteristics of Ls-Q...

  • Page 46: Frequency Characteristics Of |Z|-Ls-Q

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions (1) Frequency Characteristics of |Z|-Ls-Q You first have to change the measurement conditions from the initial state of the E4991A as shown in Table 3-2. Table 3-2 Setup example for this measurement...
  • Page 47 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Setting the Measurement Parameters and Display Formats Step 1. Click on the menu (Figure 3-6). Display... Display Figure 3-6 Step 1 Step 2. Select in the box (Figure 3-7). 3 Scalar Num Of Traces Figure 3-7...
  • Page 48 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Figure 3-9 Step 4 (using Trace menu) Figure 3-10 Step 4 (using the mouse) Step 5. The box is set to in the initial state. Meas Parameter Step 6. Select in the box (Figure 3-11).
  • Page 49 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Step 11. box is set to in the initial state. The Meas Parameter Step 12. box is set to in the initial state. The Format Lin Y-Axis Setting the Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter, and Sweep Type Step 1.
  • Page 50 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Step 2. Select in the box (Figure 3-16). Current Osc Unit Figure 3-16 Step 2 Step 3. Select box and type with the keyboard (Figure 3-17). Osc Level [1] [m] [Enter] Figure 3-17 Step 3 NOTE...

  • Page 51: Procedure For Using Front Panel Keys

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Procedure for Using Front Panel Keys Set up the E4991A as shown in the following procedure. Presetting the E4991A Step 1. Press the key in the SYSTEM block to return to the initial state.
  • Page 52 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Step 3. box is set to in the initial state (Figure 3-14). The Sweep Parameter Frequency Step 4. Press the key to move the cursor to the box and then press the Sweep Type key to open the list.

  • Page 53: Frequency Characteristics Of |Z|-R-X

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions (2) Frequency Characteristics of |Z|-R-X You should first change the measurement conditions from the initial state of the E4991A as shown in Table 3-4. Table 3-4 Setup example for this measurement...

  • Page 54: Setting The Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter, And Sweep Type

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Step 9. Select in the box (Figure 3-11). Log Y-Axis Format Step 10. Specify Trace 3 as the active trace (* mark) as shown in Figure 3-9 and Figure 3-10. Step 11.

  • Page 55: Oscillator Level (Current) Characteristics Of Ls-Q

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions (3) Oscillator Level (Current) Characteristics of Ls-Q You should first change the measurement conditions from the initial state of the E4991A as shown in Table 3-5. Table 3-5 Setup example for this measurement...

  • Page 56: Setting The Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter And Sweep Type

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Setting the Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter and Sweep Type Step 1. Click on the menu (Figure 3-13). Sweep Setup... Stimulus Step 2. box is set to in the initial state. Number Of Points Step 3.

  • Page 57: Setting The Sweep Range (Oscillator Level)

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Setting the Sweep Range (Oscillator Level) Step 1. Click on the menu (Figure 3-18). Start/Stop... Stimulus Step 2. Select box and type [ on the keyboard (Figure 3-23). Start [1] [0] [0] [u] [Enter] Step 3.

  • Page 58: Dc Bias (Current) Characteristics Of Ls-Q (Option 001)

    (4) Dc Bias (Current) Characteristics of Ls-Q (Option 001) When Option 001 is installed in the E4991A, dc bias can be applied to the DUT. First change the measurement conditions from the initial state of the E4991A as shown in Table 3-6.

  • Page 59: Setting The Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter And Sweep Type

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions Setting the Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter and Sweep Type Step 1. Click on the menu (Figure 3-13). Sweep Setup... Stimulus Step 2. box is set to in the initial state. Number Of Points Step 3.

  • Page 60: Step 3. Calibration

    (LOAD), and low-loss capacitor (optional) to the calibration reference plane and perform calibration. The calibration reference plane of the E4991A is usually the 7-mm terminal of the test head. This step is done to ensure that the calibration reference plane meets the specified measurement accuracy.

  • Page 61: Procedure For Using Mouse And Keyboard

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Procedure for Using Mouse and Keyboard Preparing for Calibration Prepare for calibration by following these steps. Step 1. Click on the menu (Figure 3-27) Cal/Comp... Stimulus Figure 3-27 Step 1 Step 2. Click the button (Figure 3-28).

  • Page 62: Measuring Open Calibration Data

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Step 4. As shown in Figure 3-30, turn the 7-mm connector nut of the test head clockwise until the 7-mm connector sleeve is fully extended. Figure 3-30 Extending 7-mm connector sleeve Measuring OPEN Calibration Data Use the 0 S (OPEN) standard to perform OPEN calibration by following these steps.

  • Page 63: Measuring Short Calibration Data

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Step 4. Turn the 0 S (OPEN) standard counterclockwise to remove it. NOTE Clicking the button during measurement of OPEN, SHORT, LOAD, and Abort Cal Meas LOW-LOSS CAPACITOR (optional) calibration data stops the measurement. Measuring SHORT Calibration Data Use the 0 Ω...

  • Page 64: Measuring Load Calibration Data

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Measuring LOAD Calibration Data Use the 50 Ω (LOAD) standard to perform LOAD calibration by following these steps. Step 1. As shown in Figure 3-35, turn the outside connector nut of the 50 Ω (LOAD) standard counterclockwise to fully retract the inside connector sleeve.

  • Page 65: Measuring Low-Loss Capacitor Calibration Data

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Measuring LOW-LOSS CAPACITOR Calibration Data The LOW-LOSS CAPACITOR calibration should be performed for high Q (or low D: dissipation factor) measurements at high frequencies. The LOW-LOSS CAPACITOR calibration allows high accuracy for phase measurements. This calibration can be skipped if you do not need it for your purposes.

  • Page 66: Validating Calibration Data

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Validating Calibration Data After completing all calibration data measurement, you should use the E4991A to calculate the calibration coefficient from the measured calibration data. The coefficient is automatically saved to the internal memory.

  • Page 67: Procedure For Using Front Panel Keys

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Procedure for Using Front Panel Keys Preparing for Calibration Prepare for calibration by following these steps. Step 1. Press the key in the STIMULUS block. [Cal/Compen] Step 2. Press the key in the ENTRY/NAVIGATION block to move the cursor to button and then press the key (Figure 3-28).

  • Page 68: Measuring Short Calibration Data

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Measuring SHORT Calibration Data Use the 0 Ω (SHORT) standard to perform SHORT calibration by following these steps. Step 1. Turn the 0 Ω (SHORT) standard clockwise with the provided torque wrench to connect it securely to the 7-mm terminal (Figure 3-33).

  • Page 69: Validating Calibration Data

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 3. Calibration Validating Calibration Data After completing all calibration data measurement, you should use the E4991A to calculate the calibration coefficient from the measured calibration data. The coefficient is automatically saved to the internal memory.

  • Page 70: Step 4. Connecting Test Fixture

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 4. Connecting Test Fixture STEP 4. Connecting Test Fixture Connect the test fixture to the 7-mm terminal of the test head by following these steps. In this section, the method of connecting the 16197A test fixture is described as an example. When using other test fixtures, refer to the Operation Manual of the test fixture.

  • Page 71: Step 5. Setting Electrical Length

    To remove this measurement error, you must set the electrical length of the test fixture (electrical length from 7-mm terminal to DUT connection plane). For the E4991A, electrical length values are individually registered for standard Agilent test fixtures. By selecting the model number of a test fixture, the electrical length is set automatically.

  • Page 72: Procedure For Using Front Panel Keys

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 5. Setting Electrical Length Step 3. After setting the electrical length, confirm that “Del 14m” is shown in the status bar on the bottom of the screen (Figure 3-46). Figure 3-46 Display of status bar when setting electrical length NOTE “Del xx”...

  • Page 73: Step 6. Fixture Compensation

    STEP 6. Fixture Compensation STEP 6. Fixture Compensation The E4991A has a specified measurement accuracy at the 7-mm terminal (calibration reference plane) of a test head. However, in actual measurement, a measurement circuit (test fixture) is placed between the DUT connection terminal and the 7-mm terminal, and the influence of this circuit is included in the measurement result as a part of the DUT.
  • Page 74 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 6. Fixture Compensation Step 2. Click on the menu (Figure 3-27). Cal/Comp... Stimulus Step 3. Click the button (Figure 3-48) Comp Menu Figure 3-48 Step 3 Step 4. Click the button (Figure 3-49). Meas Open Figure 3-49 Step 4...

  • Page 75: Measuring Short Compensation Data (16197A)

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 6. Fixture Compensation Measuring SHORT Compensation Data (16197A) Perform SHORT compensation to correct residual impedance due to the test fixture. Step 1. Connect a short device to the test fixture. Follow the procedure given in Figure 3-50 to set the DUT connection terminal of the test fixture to the SHORT state.

  • Page 76: Validating Fixture Compensation Data

    SHORT compensation data measurement. Validating Fixture Compensation Data After completing all fixture compensation data measurement, you should use the E4991A to calculate the fixture compensation coefficient from the measured fixture compensation data. The coefficient is automatically saved to the internal memory.

  • Page 77: Checking Short Compensation Data

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 6. Fixture Compensation Step 2. Verify that the display below the button changes to and the display of Comp Menu [ON] the status bar on the bottom of the screen changes to “Comp ON” (Figure 3-53). Figure 3-53 Display of status bar when completing fixture compensation Checking SHORT Compensation Data...
  • Page 78 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 6. Fixture Compensation Step 3. Click on the menu (Figure 3-55). Marker... Marker Figure 3-55 Step 3 Step 4. Move the cursor with the mouse to the box (Figure 3-56). Stimulus Figure 3-56 Step 4 Step 5.

  • Page 79: Procedure For Using Front Panel Keys

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 6. Fixture Compensation Procedure for Using Front Panel Keys Measuring OPEN Compensation Data (16197A) Perform OPEN compensation to correct stray admittance due to the test fixture. Step 1. Set the DUT connection terminal of the test fixture to the OPEN state by following the procedure described in Figure 3-47.

  • Page 80: Validating Fixture Compensation Data

    STEP 6. Fixture Compensation Validating Fixture Compensation Data Upon completion of all fixture compensation data, you should use the E4991A to calculate the fixture compensation coefficient from the measured fixture compensation data. The coefficient is automatically saved to the internal memory.

  • Page 81: Step 7. Connecting Dut To Test Fixture

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 7. Connecting DUT to Test Fixture STEP 7. Connecting DUT to Test Fixture The method of connecting the DUT (1608 (mm) / 0603 (inch) size) to the 16197A is described as an example. Step 1.

  • Page 82: Step 8. Measuring Dut And Analyzing Measurement Results

    “STEP 2. Setting Measurement Conditions”, follow these steps to apply dc bias. For settings of the dc bias source level and dc bias limit, refer to Chapter 3, “Setting Measurement Condition” in the E4991A Operation Manual. WARNING Never touch the DUT or the electrodes of the test fixture while dc bias is applied.

  • Page 83: Executing Auto Scale

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results o Repeat the measurement. 1. Click on the menu. Continuous Trigger Executing Auto scale Traces obtained after setting the sweep conditions and measurement parameters may extend beyond the screen because they are too large or too small along the direction of the vertical axis.
  • Page 84 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Figure 3-60 (1) Frequency Characteristics of |Z|-Ls-Q Figure 3-61 (2) Frequency Characteristics of |Z|-R-X Chapter 3...
  • Page 85 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Figure 3-62 (3) Oscillator Level (Current) Characteristics of Ls-Q Figure 3-63 (4) Dc Bias (Current) Characteristics of Ls-Q (Option 001) Chapter 3...

  • Page 86: Adjusting Scale

    Characteristics of Ls-Q,” on page 85 (when the display format is linear). NOTE Scaling parameters for the adjustment vary according to the display format. For details about scaling parameters, refer to Chapter 5, “Display Setting” in the E4991A Operation Manual. Step 1. Click on the menu.

  • Page 87: Performing Averaging

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Figure 3-66 (3) Oscillator Level (Current) Characteristics of Ls-Q (after adjustment) Performing Averaging When the measured trace does not appear smooth on the display, a smooth trace may be obtained by performing point averaging or sweep averaging.

  • Page 88: Performing Point Averaging

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Figure 3-67 Point averaging and sweep averaging Performing Point Averaging Step 1. Click on the menu (Figure 3-13). Sweep Setup... Stimulus Step 2. Set the averaging count in the box (Figure 3-68).

  • Page 89: Performing Sweep Averaging

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Performing Sweep Averaging Step 1. Click on the menu (Figure 3-8). Meas/Format... Meas/Format Step 2. Click the button to change the button’s display to (Figure 3-69). Sweep Average [On] Figure 3-69...

  • Page 90: Using Marker Function

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Using Marker Function The marker function allows you to read trace values and stimulus values at any point on the active trace (Figure 3-56). The marker search function allows you to detect specific points such as maximum values, minimum values, peak values and target values.
  • Page 91 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Step 4. Read the marker value displayed in the upper right area of the screen. NOTE When the button’s display is changed to by clicking it after clicking the Marker [Discrete] button, only the values of the measurement points on a trace can be read when using...

  • Page 92: Detecting Maximum Value

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Detecting Maximum Value This section describes how to search for the maximum value (self-resonance point) of the measurement parameter |Z| by using the setup example of “(1) Frequency Characteristics of |Z|-Ls-Q”...

  • Page 93: Displaying Marker List

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Figure 3-74 Detecting maximum value Displaying Marker List Up to eight markers can be displayed in a list. In this section, six markers are displayed in a list for the measurement parameter Ls while using the setup example of “(1) Frequency Characteristics of |Z|-Ls-Q”...
  • Page 94 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Step 8. Click the button to change the button’s display to (Figure 3-76). Marker List [On] Figure 3-76 Step 8 Step 9. Click on the menu (Figure 3-55). Marker...

  • Page 95: Clearing Markers

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Figure 3-78 Displaying marker list Clearing Markers Follow the procedure given below to clear active markers. Step 1. Click on the menu (Figure 3-55). Marker... Marker Step 2.

  • Page 96: Executing Equivalent Circuit Analysis

    STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Executing Equivalent Circuit Analysis The E4991A is provided with five types of equivalent circuit models that can be used to calculate approximate values of equivalent circuit parameters from measurement data. The approximate values of equivalent circuit parameters obtained by calculation can be used to simulate the frequency characteristics on the display screen.
  • Page 97 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Step 2. Click button (Figure 3-81). Select Circuit Figure 3-81 Step 2 Step 3. Select equivalent circuit model to analyze the chip inductor (Table 3-12). Then click the button to return to the Equivalent Circuit toolbar (Figure 3-82).

  • Page 98: Simulating Frequency Characteristics

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Simulating Frequency Characteristics We can simulate the frequency characteristics of Trace 1 (|Z|) by using the approximate value obtained by the above calculation based on the setup example of “(1) Frequency Characteristics of |Z|-Ls-Q”...

  • Page 99: Displaying Traces On Individual Windows

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Displaying Traces on Individual Windows In scalar trace, there is a “split” function to divide a screen into windows for displaying each trace individually. Since the traces do not overlap, this function can be used to focus on the data you want to analyze.
  • Page 100 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Step 2. Select in the box as shown in Figure 3-7. 3 Sclr, 1 Cmplx Num Of Traces Step 3. The scalar traces of three measurement parameters are displayed at the top of the screen, and the complex trace of measurement parameter (|Z|) is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

  • Page 101: Displaying Five Windows

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Figure 3-88 Smith chart screen Displaying Five Windows A maximum of five windows can be displayed at one time: up to three windows for scalar trace and up to two windows for complex trace. In this section, five windows are displayed by using the setup example of “(1) Frequency Characteristics of |Z|-Ls-Q”...
  • Page 102 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 8. Measuring DUT and Analyzing Measurement Results Figure 3-89 Five-window display Chapter 3...

  • Page 103: Step 9. Changing Sweep Conditions

    Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 9. Changing Sweep Conditions STEP 9. Changing Sweep Conditions When the measurement points for calibration are user-defined frequency/user-defined power points, start measurement with “STEP 3. Calibration” on page 60 after changing the measurement conditions. When the measurement points for calibration are fixed frequency/fixed power points, start measurement with “STEP 8.
  • Page 104 Basic Operations for RF Devices Measurement STEP 10. Measuring Other DUTs Chapter 3...

  • Page 105: Basic Operations For Dielectric Measurement

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement This chapter explains the basic operations for taking dielectric measurements with the Agilent E4991A. To perform this type of measurement, the Option 002 (Material Measurement) software must be installed.
  • Page 106 How to prepare for measurement. o STEP 2. Selecting Measurement Mode page 110 How to set the E4991A measurement mode to dielectric measurement mode. o STEP 3. Setting Measurement Conditions page 111 How to set sweep conditions and measurement parameters.

  • Page 107: Dielectric Measurement Overview

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement Dielectric Measurement Overview Dielectric Measurement Overview When the E4991A has the option 002 installed, dielectric measurement is possible. This chapter describes the basic operations done by using the mouse and keyboard to evaluate the following characteristics: ε...

  • Page 108: Step 1. Preparation For Measurement

    STEP 1. Preparation for Measurement Selection of MUT and Test Fixture With the E4991A, the 16453A test fixture can be used to measure dielectric materials (Table 4-1). The applicable dielectric materials are solid with a smooth surface, such as ceramic, PTFE, and resin (Figure 4-2).

  • Page 109: Connecting Mouse, Keyboard, And Test Head

    Required equipment Connecting Mouse, Keyboard, and Test Head Connect the mouse, keyboard and test head to the E4991A by referring to “Connection to Rear Panel” on page 27 and “Connecting the Test Head” on page 28. Be sure not to remove the four feet on the bottom of the E4991A when connecting the test head.

  • Page 110: Step 2. Selecting Measurement Mode

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 2. Selecting Measurement Mode STEP 2. Selecting Measurement Mode You must set the E4991A measurement mode from the initial state to the dielectric measurement mode. Step 1. Click on the menu to set the initial state.

  • Page 111: Step 3. Setting Measurement Conditions

    ε δ ε • Frequency characteristics of - tan First you should change the measurement conditions from the initial state of the E4991A as shown in Table 4-2. Table 4-2 Setup example for this measurement Parameter setting Setup example Initial state Trace 1 ε...

  • Page 112: Setting The Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter, And Sweep Type

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 3. Setting Measurement Conditions Step 8. Specify Trace 3 as the active trace (* mark) and select from the tanδ (ε) Meas Parameter box. Step 9. Select in the box. Lin Y-Axis Format Setting the Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter, and Sweep Type Step 1.

  • Page 113: Step 4. Connecting 16453A

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 4. Connecting 16453A STEP 4. Connecting 16453A Connect the 16453A test fixture to the 7-mm terminal of the test head by following these steps. Step 1. As shown in Figure 3-42 on page 70, turn the 7-mm connector nut of the test head counterclockwise until the connector sleeve is fully retracted.

  • Page 114: Step 5. Entering Thickness Of Load Standard

    NOTE The load standard supplied with the 16453A test fixture is made of PTFE with a relative permittivity of 2.1. Therefore, when the E4991A is in the initial state, the value in the εr box in the Cal Kit toolbar is set to 2.1000 and the value in the...

  • Page 115: Step 6. Calibration

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 6. Calibration STEP 6. Calibration Calibration is performed by using the MUT connection plane of the 16453A test fixture as the calibration reference plane (Figure 4-5). By performing calibration on the MUT connection plane, you can eliminate errors due to the test fixture’s residuals and electric length.
  • Page 116 Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 6. Calibration Step 5. Set the MUT connection plane of the test fixture to the SHORT state (Figure 4-6). Figure 4-6 SHORT state (16453A) Step 6. Click the button to start measuring SHORT calibration data. Upon completion Meas Short of the SHORT calibration measurement, a √...
  • Page 117 Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 6. Calibration Step 7. Set the MUT connection plane of the test fixture to the OPEN state (Figure 4-7). Figure 4-7 OPEN state (16453A) Step 8. Click the button to start measuring OPEN calibration data. Upon completion Meas Open of the OPEN calibration data measurement, a √...
  • Page 118 Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 6. Calibration Step 9. Connect the load standard supplied with the 16453A test fixture to the test fixture by inserting it between the electrodes of the test fixture (Figure 4-8). Figure 4-8 Connecting LOAD standard (16453A) NOTE When connecting a load standard or a MUT to the test fixture, make sure that it only comes into contact with the test fixture’s electrodes.
  • Page 119 Load Step 11. Click the button to instruct the E4991A to calculate the calibration coefficient from Done the measured calibration data and save it to the internal memory. Step 12. Depending on the measurement points of the calibration data specified in the...

  • Page 120: Step 7. Entering Thickness Of Mut

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 7. Entering Thickness of MUT STEP 7. Entering Thickness of MUT You must enter the thickness of the MUT before you can perform measurement. Use a micrometer or calipers to measure the thickness. NOTE The 16453A test fixture imposes restrictions on the thickness and diameter of the MUT (see Table 4-1 on page 108).

  • Page 121: Step 8. Connecting Mut

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 8. Connecting MUT STEP 8. Connecting MUT As with the load standard (Figure 4-8), connect the MUT to the 16453A test fixture by inserting it between the test fixture’s upper and lower electrodes. NOTE When connecting a load standard or a MUT to the test fixture, make sure that it only comes into contact with the test fixture’s electrodes.

  • Page 122: Step 9. Measuring Mut And Analyzing Measurement Results

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 9. Measuring MUT and Analyzing Measurement Results STEP 9. Measuring MUT and Analyzing Measurement Results After performing calibration, the measurement results are displayed on the screen when the MUT is set on the test fixture. Analyze the measurement results using a marker function while referencing to “STEP 8.

  • Page 123: Step 10. Changing Sweep Conditions

    Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 10. Changing Sweep Conditions STEP 10. Changing Sweep Conditions When the measurement points for calibration are user-defined frequency/user-defined power points, start measurement with “STEP 6. Calibration” on page 115 after changing the measurement conditions. When the measurement points for calibration are fixed frequency/fixed power points, start measurement with “STEP 9.
  • Page 124 Basic Operations for Dielectric Measurement STEP 11. Measuring Other MUTs Chapter 4...

  • Page 125: Basic Operations For Magnetic Measurement

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement This chapter explains the basic operations for taking magnetic measurements with the Agilent E4991A. To perform this type of measurement, the Option 002 (Material Measurement) software must be installed.
  • Page 126 How to prepare for measurement. o STEP 2. Selecting Measurement Mode page 130 How to set the E4991A measurement mode to magnetic measurement mode. o STEP 3. Setting Measurement Conditions page 131 How to set sweep conditions and measurement parameters.

  • Page 127: Magnetic Measurement Overview

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement Magnetic Measurement Overview Magnetic Measurement Overview When the E4991A has option 002 installed, magnetic measurement is possible. This chapter describes the basic operations done by using the mouse and keyboard to evaluate the following characteristics: •...

  • Page 128: Step 1. Preparation For Measurement

    STEP 1. Preparation for Measurement Selection of MUT and Test Fixture With the E4991A, the 16454A test fixture can be used to measure magnetic materials. The applicable dielectric materials are toroidal cores with a donut shape, such as ferrite magnets (Figure 5-2).

  • Page 129: Connecting Mouse, Keyboard, And Test Head

    Required equipment Connecting Mouse, Keyboard, and Test Head Connect the mouse, keyboard, and test head to the E4991A by referring to “Connection to Rear Panel” on page 27 and “Connecting the Test Head” on page 28. Be sure not to remove the four feet on the bottom of the E4991A when connecting the test head.

  • Page 130: Step 2. Selecting Measurement Mode

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 2. Selecting Measurement Mode STEP 2. Selecting Measurement Mode You must set the E4991A measurement mode from the initial state to the magnetic measurement mode. Step 1. Click on the menu to set the initial state.

  • Page 131: Step 3. Setting Measurement Conditions

    Frequency characteristics of - tanδ μ ′ μ ″ First you should change the measurement conditions from the initial state of the E4991A as shown in Table 5-2. Table 5-2 Setup example for this measurement Parameter setting Setup example Initial state μ...

  • Page 132: Setting The Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter And Sweep Type

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 3. Setting Measurement Conditions Step 9. Select in the box. Lin Y-Axis Format Setting the Measurement Points, Sweep Parameter and Sweep Type Step 1. Click on the menu. Sweep Setup... Stimulus Step 2. In the box, enter the desired measurement points.

  • Page 133: Step 4. Calibration

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 4. Calibration STEP 4. Calibration Calibration is performed by using the 7-mm terminal of the test head as the calibration reference plane (Figure 5-4). Unlike impedance measurement, fixture compensation after calibration requires only SHORT compensation (see Table 5-3). Figure 5-4 Error model of 16454A test fixture Table 5-3...
  • Page 134 This allows high accuracy for high Q measurement at high frequencies. Step 11. Click the button to instruct the E4991A to calculate the calibration coefficient from Done the measured calibration data and save it to the internal memory.

  • Page 135: Step 5. Connecting 16454A

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 5. Connecting 16454A STEP 5. Connecting 16454A The 16454A test fixture has two sizes: Small and Large. In addition, it has four MUT holders. Select the size of the MUT holder that best suits your needs (see Table 5-4 and Figure 5-5).
  • Page 136 Fixture Type Test fixture to be used Fixture Type 16454A (Small) 16454(S) 16454A (Large) 16454(L) NOTE When you select the E4991A Magnetic Material measurement mode, you can use either the 16454A (Small) or 16454A (Large) test fixture. Chapter 5...

  • Page 137: Step 6. Fixture Compensation

    SHORT compensation data measurement, a √ mark appears on the left side of the button. Meas Short Step 5. Click the button to instruct the E4991A to calculate the fixture compensation Done coefficient from the measured fixture compensation data and save it to the internal memory. Chapter 5...

  • Page 138: Step 7. Entering Mut Dimensions

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 7. Entering MUT Dimensions Step 6. Verify that the display below the button changes to and the status bar at Comp Menu [ON] the bottom of the screen changes to “Comp ON”. STEP 7. Entering MUT Dimensions You must enter the MUT dimensions before you can perform measurement.

  • Page 139: Step 8. Mounting Mut

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 8. Mounting MUT STEP 8. Mounting MUT Mount a MUT (magnetic material) in the 16454A test fixture as shown in Figure 5-8. Figure 5-8 Mounting MUT (magnetic material) Chapter 5...

  • Page 140: Step 9. Measuring Mut And Analyzing Measurement Results

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 9. Measuring MUT and Analyzing Measurement Results STEP 9. Measuring MUT and Analyzing Measurement Results After performing calibration, the measurement results are displayed on the screen when the MUT is set on the test fixture. Analyze the measurement results by using a marker function while referring to “STEP 8.

  • Page 141: Step 10. Changing Sweep Conditions

    Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 10. Changing Sweep Conditions STEP 10. Changing Sweep Conditions When the measurement points for calibration/fixture compensation are user-defined frequency/user-defined power points, start measurement with “STEP 4. Calibration” on page 133 after changing the sweep conditions. When the measurement points for calibration/fixture compensation are fixed frequency/fixed power points, start measurement with “STEP 9.
  • Page 142 Basic Operations for Magnetic Measurement STEP 11. Measuring Other MUTs Chapter 5...

  • Page 143: Manual Changes

    Manual Changes This appendix contains the information required to adapt this manual to versions or configurations of the E4991A manufactured earlier than the current printing date of this manual.

  • Page 144: Manual Changes

    Manual Changes Manual Changes Manual Changes To adapt this manual to your E4991A, refer to Table A-1 and Table A-2. Table A-1 Manual Changes by Serial Number Serial Prefix or Number Make Manual Changes Table A-2 Manual Changes by Firmware Version...

  • Page 145: Miscellaneous Changes

    Manual Changes Manual Changes Miscellaneous Changes The option system of the E4991A has changed since May 2003. Apply the following changes. New Option Number Old Option Number Remark (Standard Frequency Standard Reference, No DC Bias) same as the right number...
  • Page 146 Manual Changes Manual Changes *4.In the previous system, the option number is used to choose the language of the manual set (standard accessory). In the new option system, it is used to add an manual set (optional accessory) of the language the customer desires. *5.No selection of addition/deletion is required for the manual set because it is only avail- able as an optional accessory in the new option system.
  • Page 147 Index Numerics calibration reference plane for magnetic measurement, 133 difference between calibration for impedance measurement 16197A and dielectric measurement, 115 connecting test fixture, 70 difference between calibration for impedance measurement method of OPEN compensation, 73 and magnetic measurement, 133 method of SHORT compensation, 75 LOW-LOSS CAPACITOR calibration, 65 16453A recover calibration data, 66...
  • Page 148 74 types of fixture compensation measurement data points, 60 magnetic measurement fixtures flow for magnetic measurement, 127 test fixture available for E4991A, 36 selecting magnetic measurement mode, 130 Font Manual Font rules in this manual, 5...
  • Page 149 128 connecting 16453A, 113 preset connecting 16454A, 135 presetting the E4991A, 46 connecting test fixture (16197A), 70 Professional Setup wizard, 33 error model of 16453A, 115 Programming Manual, 6 error model of 16454A, 133...
  • Page 150 Index OPEN calibration for 16453A, 117 SHORT calibration for 16453A, 116 SHORT compensation for 16454A, 137 test fixtures available for E4991A, 36 test head connecting test head, 28 N type connector, 28 thickness enter thickness for MUT, 120 enter thickness of load standard for dielectric measurement,...

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