CYLINDER HEAD/CYLINDER/PISTON
TORQUE VALUES
Cylinder
head nut
Cylinder mounting
nut
Cylinder stud
bolt
Exhaust pipe joint boll
Cylinder sealing bolt
Engine hanger plale bolt
AC
valve cover
bolt
AC
valve cover
screw
TROUBLESHOOTING
27
N·
m
(2.8
kgf'm, 20 fbf·h)
27
N'm
12.8
kgf'm, 20 fbf·tO
12
N'
m
(1.2
kgf·
m, 9 Ibfoft)
12 N
'
m
(1.2
kgf·
m. 9 Ibfoft)
10 N·m
(1.0 kgf·m. 7
IbHt)
34
N'
m
(3.5
kgf'
m, 25 Ibfoftl
12
N'
m (1.2 kg
f'
m,
9
Ibf·ft)
3
N'
m
(0.3
kgf'm,
2.2
Ibfoft)
Engine lop-end problems
usually affect engine
performance. These problems
can be
diagnosed by
a
compression test
or
by tracing engine noises to the top-end with a soun ding rod
stethoscope.
If the performance
is
poor at low
speeds, check
fo
r
white
smoke
in the crankcase breathe
r
tube. If the tube is smoky,
check
for a
seized
piston ring.
Compression
too
low,
hard starting or
poo
r performance
at
low
speed
Blown cylinder head gasket
Loose spark
plug
Worn,
stuck or
broken piston ring
Worn
or
damaged
cylinder
and piston
Faulty reed
valve
Worn crankshaft seals
Compressi
on too
high,
overheati
ng or knocking
Excessive carbon build-up on
top
of
piston
or in combustion
chamber
Abn ormal noise
-
piston
•
Worn or cracked piston
•
Worn cylinder and piston
Worn
piston
pin or piston pin hole
•
Worn connecting
rod
small
end bearing
7-2
Abnormal
no ise -
piston ring
Worn, stuck
or
broken piston ring
•
Worn or
damaged cylinder
Contaminated coolant
• Leaking
cylinder
head gasket