MCi Crusader II 1989 Maintenance Manual page 311

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MC-9 MAINTENANCE MANUAL
The Fuel Oil Selection Chart will also serve as a guide in the
selection of the proper fuel for various applications. The fuels
used must be clean. completely distilled, stable, and non-
corrosive. Distillation range, cetane number, sulfur content and
cloud point are four of the most important properties of diesel
fuels that must be controlled to insure satisfactory engine oper-
ation. Engine speed load and ambient temperature all influence
diesel fuel selection with respect to distillation range and
cetane number.
During cold weather engine operation, the cloud point
(temperature at wt:iich wax crystals begin to form in diesel fuel)
should be 10
°
F (0° C) below the lowest expected fuel tempera-
ture in· order to prevent clogging of the fuel filters by wax
crystals.
A reputable fuel oil supplier is the only one who can assure
you that the fuel you receive meets the distillation end point
cetane number. sulfur content and cloud point property limits
shown in the Fuel Oil Selection Chart. The responsibility for
clean fuel that meets Detroit Diesel Allison specifications lies
with the fuel supplier as well as the operator.
At temperatures below 32° F (0° C) particular attention must
be given to cold·weather starting aids for efficient engine start-
ing and operation.
Numerous fuels meeting the properties shown in Fuel Oil
Selection Chart (figure 9-2) may be used in Detroit Diesel
engines. Figure 9-3 shows some of the alternate fuels (some
with sulfur and/or cetane limits) that·have been used in Detroit
)iesel engines. Among these are No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels.
kerosene. aviation turbine (jet) fuels. and burner fuels.
Fuel selected should be completely distilled material. That is,
the fuel should show at least 98% by volume recovery when
· subjected to ASTM D-86 distillation. Fuels marketed to meet
Federal Specification W-F-800 (grades DF-1 and OF-2) and
ASTM Designation 0-975 (grades 1 ~O and 2-0) meet the com-
pletely distilled criteria. The differences in properties of
W-F-800 and ASTM 0-975 fuels are shown in figure 9-3.
Fuel oil should be clean and free of contamination. Storage
tanks and stored fuel should be inspected regularly for dirt,
water or water-emulsion sludge. and cleaned if contaminated.
Storage instability of the fuel can lead to the formation of varnish
or sludge in the tank. The presence of these contaminants from
storage instability must be resolved with the fuel supplier.
PROPOSED ASTMD 0-975, GRADE 3-0
TMC / MCI does not recommend the use of proposed grade
3-0 diesel fuel in any of its engines. This grade of fuel was
proposed. but not accepted by the ASTM.
The grade 3-D which was proposed is undesirable in that it
possesses poor ignition quality (i.e. lower cetane); allows
greater sulfur content (up to 0.7% by weight); allows the forma-
tion of more carbon deposits (Conradson carbon residue): and
allows the blending of heavier, more viscous boiling point frac-
tions that are difficult to burn. The latter tend to increase com-
bustion chamber deposits. This type of fuel usually manifests
oor cold weather properties (wax formation tendencies). In
,ddition. the poor ignition quality adversely affects noise and
emission levels.
DRAINED LUBE OIL IN DIESEL FUEL
TMC/ MCI does not recommend the use of drained lubricat-
ing oil in diesel fuel. Furthermore, Detroit Diesel Allison will not
be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines
resulted from this practice.
ALCOHOL, DIESOHOL, GASOHOL
AND GASOLINE IN DIESEL FUEL
Very small amounts of isopropyf alcohol (isopropanol) may
be used to preclude fuel line freeze-up in winter months. No
more than one pint of isopropyl alcohol should be added to 125
gallons of diesel fuel for adequate protection.
CAUTION: Commercially marketed dleso-
hol or gasohol or gasoline should never be
added to diesel fuel. An explosion and fire
hazard exists if these blends are mixed
and/or burned.
POLICY ON FUEL ADDITIVES
TMC/MCI does not recommend or support the use of any
supplementary fuel additives. These include all products mar-
keted as fuel conditioners. smoke suppressants. masking
agents, deodorants, and tune-up compounds.
NOTE: TMC/MCI warranty applicable to
Detroit Diesel engines provides in part that
the provisions of such warranty shall not
apply to any engine unit which has been
subiect to misuse, negligence or accident.
Accordingly, malfunctions attributable to
neglect or failure to follow the manufac-
turer's fuel recommendations may not be
within the coverage of the warranty.
FUEL SULFUR
The sulfur content of the fuel should be as low as possible to
avoid premature wear, excessive deposit formation. and mini-
mize the sulfur dioxide exhausted into the atmosphere. Limited
amounts can be tolerated. but the amount of sulfur in the fuel
and engine operating conditions can influence corrosion and
deposit formation.
All diesel fuels contain a certain amount of sulfur. Too high a
sulfur content results in excessive cylinder wear. For most
satisfactory engine life. fuels containing less than 0.5% sulfur
should be used.
The detrimental affect of burning high sulfur fuel is reflected
in Detroit Diesel lube oil change interval recommendations.
Detroit 0i£sel recommends that the Total Base Number (TBN-
ASTM 0-664) of the lube oil be monitored frequently and that
the oil drain interval possibly reduced. Consult the Fuel Oil
Selection Chart (figure 9-3). ·
NOTE: TMC/MCI recommends the use of
No. 1•0 diesel fuel in all applications; how-
ever, No. 2-D is acceptable.