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ADInstruments AD8000 Series Instruction Manual

Spectrum analyzer
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Instruction Manual
AD8000 Series
Spectrum Analyzer

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  • Page 1 Instruction Manual AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer...
  • Page 3 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Safety Requirement Safety Level This manual has the following conversions for presenting information. WARNING: A warning marker alerts you any harmful matters that users should pay attention to the operation method. Users must not do any operation or process before the condition of this marker is met, otherwise it might cause personal injury.
  • Page 4 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Warranty This instrument is guaranteed for a period of 12 months from the date of selling. The producer or distributors have the responsibility of necessary calibration and test. The device could be packed and sent back to users only after the test is pass.
  • Page 5 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Limitation The warranty is not applicable for the faults resulted by improper use or inadequate maintenance (including software or interface), and unauthorized open of the instrument. Within the 12-month warranty period, calibration, maintenance service and consultation shall be free. After the 12 months warranty period, fees for material and repair workman will be charged appropriately.
  • Page 6 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual All specifications and operations might change that we would not inform individually. For any other needs, please ask our company. Our company has all the copy rights. No copy, edition or translation are allowed without written approval.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Contents General Information ................1 1.1 Main Functions ..................2 1.2 Preventive Maintenance ................ 2 1.3 Annual Inspection & Calibration ............3 1.4 Protection of ESD ..................3 1.5 Battery Replacement ................3 1.6 Carrying Bag ..................4 Device Overview ..................
  • Page 8 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.2.1 Basic measurement ..............35 3.2.2 Basic Parameters Settings ............52 3.2.3 Measurement Parameter Settings ..........65 3.2.4 Basic Usages ................68 3.3 Channel Power ..................80 3.3.1 Basic Measurement ..............81 3.3.2 Basic Parameter Settings ............87 3.3.3...
  • Page 9 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 4.7 Signal ID .................... 126 Base Station Test ................. 127 5.1 TDD-LTE ................... 128 5.1.1 Power vs. RB ................129 5.1.2 Constellation ................131 5.1.3 Control CH Power ..............133 5.1.4 Summary .................. 136 5.1.5...
  • Page 10 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 7 Tracking Source ................174 File Operation ..................176 8.1 Save File ..................... 177 8.2 File Management ................180 Other Functions and Settings ............182 9.1 System Calibration ................185 9.2 Help Information ................187 9.3 System Settings .................
  • Page 11 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 11.3 Specifications ..................224 11.3.1 Frequency Index ..............224 11.3.2 Amplitude Index ..............225 11.3.3 Input/Output Index ..............229 11.3.4 Level Index ................230 11.3.5 Other Index ................230...

  • Page 13: General Information

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 1 General Information This chapter would mainly introduce following items: Preparation before using Device & accessories Technical support & service...

  • Page 14: Main Functions

    AD INSTRUMENTS. The ISO9001 quality system was registered and certificated in 1996. Preventive Maintenance AD8000 series preventive maintenance includes the unit surface cleaning, RF connectors and all accessories cleaning. Clean unit surface with a soft, lint- free cloth dampened with water.

  • Page 15: Annual Inspection & Calibration

    Protection of ESD AD8000 series, like other high performance instruments, is susceptible to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Coaxial cables and antennas often build up a static charge, which may damage the AD8000 input circuitry.

  • Page 16: Carrying Bag

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Before using the spectrum analyzer, the battery should be charged. AC/DC power adaptor and vehicle cigarette ligter 12VDC adaptor could be used. NOTE: Use only batteries, adapters, and chargers provided with this instrument. Warning: When using the Vehicle charger, Make sure that the supply is rated for a minimum of 60 Watts at 12 VDC, and the socket is clean without any dirt or debris.
  • Page 17 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 1-2 Carrying Bag...

  • Page 18: Device Overview

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2 Device Overview This chapter would introduce the general information of AD8000 series handheld spectrum analyzer for users. Main content: Turning on the instrument Front Panel Overview Test Panel Connector Overview Display Overview Symbols and Indicators...

  • Page 19: Turning On The Instrument

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Turning on the Instrument The AD INSTRUMENTS AD8000 models are capable of approximately 3.5 hours of continuous operation with fully charged. It can also work while charging with AC/DC adapter or vehicle cigarette lighter.

  • Page 20: Front Panel Overview

    Manual 2.1.1 Front Panel Overview The AD8000 Series menu-driven interface is easy to use and requires little training. The five main menu keys below the screen and eight submenu keys on the right side are menu keys. Function keys on the right consist of six main function keys and twelve measurement function keys.
  • Page 21 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Mark: Active the mark measurement function to MARK open and shut, reading and comparison of the frequency mark. Peak: Active the peak menu to do the operations such PEAK as opening, closing, reading, comparing the peak value and etc.
  • Page 22 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual LED Indicator Light The operation indicator light is at the button of the key area at the right of the screen. Press the power button to turn on the device, and then the green light turns on.

  • Page 23: Measurement Panel Introduction

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.1.2 Measurement Panel Introduction Figure 2-2 is the measurement panel of the spectrum analyzer. External Power Supply USB B LAN Power Indicator Light USB mini RF Output RF Input Fig. 2-2 Measurement Panel Connector...
  • Page 24 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual LAN Port 10M/100M self adaption, the spectrum analyzer connect to PC through LAN port, used for workbench software communication. The included disk has workbench inside. RF Input 50ΩN negative connector, max. input +30dBm, ±50VDC RF Output / Reflection Input 50ΩN negative connector, used for reflection measurement, max.

  • Page 25: Ui Overview

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual UI Overview 2.2.1 Screen Information This section introduces the screen information while using the spectrum analyzer, with an example of figure 2-3 spectrum measurement type under spectrum analysis mode. ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼ ⑴...

  • Page 26: Menu Operation

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.2.2 Menu Operation There are 8 typical menus, and each is described below in detail. Setting Parameters Press the corresponding menu, and the parameter shows in the middle of the screen. Use the number keys, arrow keys or the knob to set the parameter, and press the Enter key to exit.

  • Page 27: Symbols And Indicators

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Press the corresponding menu button to switch the two functions, and then return to the previous menu automatically. Example: Menu of ‘Ref Offset’. No operation Some of the menus are available only if some conditions are fulfilled, otherwise it is gray showing that the menu is invalid.

  • Page 28: Data Entry

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Caution: Use only use batteries, adapters, and chargers provided by AD INSTRUMENTS. 2.2.4 Data Entry Parameters edition You can set parameters with the number keys, arrow keys and the knob. It is simple to change the parameters quickly with the arrow keys. The change rule is 1, 3, 5 steps increasing or decreasing.

  • Page 29: Mode Selector Menu

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Mode Selector Menu Press the MODE key to enter the measurement mode selection menu (Fig. 2-4).You can select the desired measurement mode, or enter the next level menu. Fig. 2-4 Measurement Mode Selection Menu...

  • Page 30: Menu Trees

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Menu Trees This part lists the menu trees that ordered by characters in detail. Some menus only can be activated in the instrument with corresponding options. We would introduce in alphabetical order. Different function of the same key in different measurement mode/type would also be shown.
  • Page 31 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Spectrum mode -> AMPTD menu inchannel power, adjacent channel Ø power and occupied bandwidth AMPTD Amplitude Unit Ref Level Attenuator dBmV Auto / Manu Scale/Div dBuV Ref Unit► Pre Amplifier Ref Offset...

  • Page 32: Cpl Key

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.4.2 CPL key The CPL key has the same menu in 4 different measurement modes: swept SA, channel power, adjacent channel power and occupied bandwidth. Detector Trace Trigger Sweep Mode Trace Sample Free Run...

  • Page 33: Freq Key

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.4.3 FREQ key The FREQ key has different function in different measurement type. It has one function in spectrum mode swept SA and another in channel power, adjacent channel power and occupied bandwidth. Spectrum mode -> FREQ menu in swept SA: Ø...
  • Page 34 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Spectrum mode -> FREQ menu in channel power, adjacent channel Ø power and occupied bandwidth FREQ Frequency Singal Singal Tab Center Freq On / Off Select Span Signal => Freq Step Link Auto / Manu...

  • Page 35: Mark Key

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.4.4 MARK Key The MARK key has different function in different measurement type. It has one function in spectrum mode swept SA and another in channel power, adjacent channel power and occupied bandwidth. Spectrum mode -> MARK menu in swept SA: Ø...
  • Page 36 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Marker to Mark Trace Auto Mark to Ref Level Mark to Cent Freq Spectrum mode -> MARK menu in channel power, adjacent channel Ø power and occupied bandwidth MARK Marker Normal Delta...

  • Page 37: Meas Key

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.4.5 MEAS key The MEAS key has different function in different measurement type. This device currently support spectrum analysis mode only. MEAS Meas Fctn Swept SA Channel power Occupied BW...

  • Page 38: Meas Setup Key

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.4.6 MEAS SETUP key The MEAS SETUP key has different function in different measurement type. The functions are different in 4 modes. Spectrum mode ->MEAS/SETUP menu in swept SA Ø Spectrum mode -> MEAS SETUP menu in channel power (upper left) Ø...

  • Page 39: Peak Key

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.4.7 PEAK key The PEAK key has different function in different measurement type. It has one function in spectrum mode swept SA and another in channel power, adjacent channel power and occupied bandwidth. Spectrum mode -> PEAK menu in swept SA: Ø...
  • Page 40 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Search Para Search Auto/Manual Abs lev On-Off Peak to Min Search Dots Peak to dots Stab spectrum mode -> PEAK menu in channel power, adjacent channel Ø power and occupied bandwidth PEAK Peaker(page 1)

  • Page 41: Save Key

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.4.8 SAVE key The SAVE key is a general key that has the same menu in all circumstances. NewTrace New Status New Image File Name Image► File Name File Name Location Location Location Status►...

  • Page 42: Sys Key

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 2.4.9 SYS key The SYS key is a general key that has the same menu in all circumstances. System(page 1) Help► Help Calibrate Calibrate► Power On Language Last / Pres File Manager Network Setting=>...
  • Page 43 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Beep Config Calibrate Language Update Beep Prompt Cal Amp English Enter On / Off Test Amp Corr 中文 Beep Prompt On / Off Beep Alarm Resp Corr On / Off On / Test Beep Alarm...

  • Page 44: Spectrum Measurement

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3 Spectrum Measurement This chapter includes following contents: Detail function and using of swept SA Detail function and using of channel power Detail function and using of adjacent channel power Detail function and using of occupied bandwidth...
  • Page 45 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Before using the spectrum analyzer to measure and analyze the signal, please mind the following terms so that users could use the device safely and efficiently. Caution: If the input signal is too strong, the input attenuator and input mixer of the device might be damaged.

  • Page 46: Selecting Measurement Type

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Selecting Measurement Type Pressing MEAS key, the submenu will appear. Well can switch the measurement type during swept SA, channel power, occupied bandwidth and ACP. The default one is the swept SA. Fig. 3-1 Measurement Type Selection Menu...

  • Page 47: Function & Using Of Swept Sa

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Function & Using of Swept SA 3.2.1 Basic measurement The swept SA mainly measures the amplitude frequency characters of the signal. The frequency and amplitude button at the bottom of the panel are mainly used.
  • Page 48 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-3 Frequency Menu (Page 2) Center Frequency Pressing ‘Center Freq’ soft-key, and the current center frequency can be changed. There are three methods to input the frequency value: a) Directly input the number: Press the number keys, and the ‘Unit’ menu will appear as below.
  • Page 49 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Center Frequency sweep span Fig. 3-4 Center Frequency Inputting b) Press the ‘Up/Down’ key: each press would change the value of ‘frequency step’. When the frequency step is automatic, it would move for one scale. For the frequency step, please refer to the following chapter.
  • Page 50 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Start Frequency The start frequency is the frequency value at the very left of the screen. After pressing ‘Start Freq’ soft-key, users can change the current start frequency. There are three methods to input the frequency value: manually inputting the number, pressing the ‘Up/Down’...
  • Page 51 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-6 Span Frequency Menu The maximum span frequency of this device is 3000MHz, and the minimum is 0Hz. The larger the span frequency is, the more signals you could see with less accuracy. Inversely, the less the span frequency is, the less signals you could see with higher accuracy.
  • Page 52 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-7 & fig. 3-8 show the comparison of narrow span and wide span. Fig. 3-7 Narrow Span Fig. 3-8 Wide Span Full Span Pressing this soft-key will change the span to 3000MHz. Zero Span Pressing this soft-key will change the span to 0Hz.
  • Page 53 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual time determines the time shaft of the time domain coordinate). The zero...
  • Page 54 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual span is very useful in measuring the low modulation frequency signal of AM & FM. Last Span Change the current span back to last span. When the new span is inputted wrongly, this key could be used to change to the last span easily. The difference between two span could also be viewed manually.
  • Page 56 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Attention: The maximum reference level could be set as 30dBm (amplifier off), and the attenuator is 50dB at that time. As the attenuator decreasing, the maximum reference level decreases as well. See the next section for details.
  • Page 57 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-10 Reference Level Inputting Attenuator The input attenuator is an important part of the device. With the attenuator, the amplitude of input signal entering the mixer could be reduced, and then reduce the signal distortion. The range of attenuator of the device is 0dB ~ 50dB with 1dB step.
  • Page 58 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Attention: the signal entering the mixer means the amplitude of the signal after passing through the attenuator. The amplitude should be less than -10 dBm. For instance, the amplitude of input signal is 0 dBm, the attenuator should be at least 10 dB, otherwise distortion or damage would happen to the device.
  • Page 59 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual The following 2 figures show the difference measure results of the same signal, one in ‘Log’ state and the other in ‘Linear’ state. Fig. 3-12 Logarithmic state and Reference Level is -10 dBm Fig. 3-13 Linear state and Reference Level is 70.8 mV...
  • Page 60 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Unit Press the corresponding unit soft-ey, and the amplitude unit sub-menu would pop-up. For example, the current unit is dBµV. Press the soft-key dBm to change it to dBm Fig. 3-14 Amplitude Unit Note：The change of unit will not cause the change of ‘Log/Line’ state.
  • Page 61 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual the Scale/Div is ×2, the lowest voltage display on the screen will be 0.5mV, and etc. Fig. 3-15 Log: 10dB/div (Default) Fig. 3-16 Log 5dB/div...
  • Page 62 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-17 Linear: ×1 (Default) Fig. 3-18 Linear: ×2 No matter in ‘Log’ or ‘Line’ state, the change of ‘Scale/Div’ will only change the displace scale, but not the measurement value.
  • Page 63 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Reference Offset When ref offset is turned on, if it is set as 10dB, the reference level and signal amplitude would move upwards 10dB. Fig. 3-19 Ref Offset Off Fig. 3-20 Ref Offset 10dB...
  • Page 64 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual When the display scale is linear or the reference level unit is linear unit, the unit of ref offset is also dB. The conversion is as below: Linear Unit ＝ ； If the ref offset is set as 6 dB, the linear unit value would double.
  • Page 65 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-22 Pre Amplifier on...

  • Page 66: Basic Parameters Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.2.2 Basic Parameters Settings The basic parameters refer to the RBW, VBW, video average, sweep mode, sweep time, trig mode and etc. of the device. This part is mainly used to set the parameters of the medium frequency receipt unit of the spectrum analyzer.
  • Page 67 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-24 Max. Medium Frequency BW between 2 Signals Moreover, when RBW is fixed, the span frequency has a range. When the ratio of span frequency and RBW is less than a certain value, it would remind as’UNCAL’.
  • Page 68 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Video bandwidth (VBW) is very useful to detect the signal in the noise. It is the lower pass filter after the IF filter which is used to average (smooth) the noise. This process could make the s/n increases about 10dB. To improve the filter’s effect, users should manually set the VBW as 1/10 or smaller of...
  • Page 69 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual In the figure above there is a ‘#’ before VBW, in which ‘#’ indicates that VBW parameter is in ‘Manu’ state now. Video Average Set the ‘Video Avg’ to ‘On’, then the spectrum will calculate the average value of current trace and previous traces values.
  • Page 70 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Sweep Mode, Sweep Time Sweep Time The sweep time mainly depends on span, RBW and VBW. It is in direct proportion to span, and in inverse proportion to RBW and the minimum value of RBW and VBW (the sweep time could be set randomly when the span is 0).
  • Page 71 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Sweep Mode There are two sweep modes; one is continuous (Cont) and the other is single (Sigl). The default mode is continuous mode. If users wants to set the sweep mode to single mode, users can set the ‘Sweep’ soft-key into ‘Sigl’ or press the ‘Single Sweep’...
  • Page 72 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Multi-trace Function Press the trace key, and the follow menu will pop up Fig. 3-31 Trace Menu Trace selection There are three traces that users can choose 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Users can switch during these trace by press ‘Trace’...
  • Page 73 ‘Min. Hold’ is similar to ‘Max. Hold’. It saves the level value of the lowest points. Detection Mode AD8000 series spectrum analyzer has up tp 7 detection modes. Sample Sample detection is a detection mode which does not process the signal specially.
  • Page 74 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Positive-Peak When the sweep time is long enough, the positive peak detection mode could get the largest envelop of the signal. Sometimes, when the modulation signal is measured, this mode could eliminate the modulation interference, and get the stable ampliltude of the signal.
  • Page 75 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual For the signal with 3MHz as the frequency, it just falls in the 3dB bandwidth of the second RBW detection envelop. The value currently shown is accurate. If a 3.5Mhz signal inputs, and also falls in a valid RBW detection envelop, the value is also accurate.
  • Page 76 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual This mode also needs enough sweep time.
  • Page 78 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Since the signal adapts positive peak detection mode, leaking point in sample mode could be avoided. The noise is not detected with positive peak, so it would not rises. Average This mode averages when sampling.
  • Page 79 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Root-Mean-Square This mode is to measure the valid value when measuring. Fig. 3-38 Root-Mean Square Detection Quasi-Peak The charged and discharged time constant of this mode is in between of peak and average value. The detector output in the measurement period is relavant to both pulse amplitude and pulse repetition frequency.
  • Page 80 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Trigger Mode Press the Trigger soft-key, and then the submenu will pop up. The default mode is free trigger, and the device does not do any process in free trigger mode. Fig. 3-40 Trigger Mode...

  • Page 81: Measurement Parameter Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.2.3 Measurement Parameter Settings M EA S key is used to set some special functions of the measurement SETUP parameters. Press the key, and the following menu would pop up Fig. 3-41 Measurement Parameter Settings Menu Display Line Set ‘Disp Line’...
  • Page 82 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-42 Orignal Display Line Fig. 3-43 Display Line after Adjustment...
  • Page 83 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual NdB BW Measurement The NdB BW soft-key could be seen. The NdB BW is mainly used for measuring the RBW of the analyzer. It could only be used in log mode. The default is to measure -3dB BW when turning on, i.e. the frequency different of the two points which are 3dB lower than the maximum amplitude.

  • Page 84: Basic Usages

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Limit The limit is used to set the celling and floor of the spectrum. If the spectrum is over the celling or floor, ‘Not Qualified’ would show. 3.2.4 Basic Usages Basic usages mainly include marker and peak value functions.
  • Page 85 The signal amplitude would be read directly after turning on the marker. Generally AD8000 series spectrum analyzer displays 2 digits after the decimal point to show the amplitude in log unit. In linear unit 5 significant digits would be saved.
  • Page 86 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Rotate the knob. The step change is 1/500 of the span. Manually input the frequency. When the span is zero, it could not be entered manually. Only 2 methods before are usable. Delta Mark After pressing this soft-key, two markers will appear on the screen.
  • Page 87 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Marker to＞ In normal mark mode, press the key, and the following submenu will appear. Set the level of current marker as reference level through ‘Marker to ref level’ soft-key. Set the frequency of current marker as center frequency through ‘marker to center frequency’...
  • Page 88 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-51 Before Marker to Center Frequency Fig. 3-52 After Marker to Center Frequency Multi-marker & Marker List AD8000 could open up to 6 markers. The ‘Select Mkr’ key could be used to switch between the 6 markers. The selected marker could be set as on or off with the marker switch.
  • Page 89 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Mkr’ or ‘Marker’ soft-key, the position of active marker could be changed with the same method of normal marker. The marker list function is to record the information of all markers into a list...
  • Page 90 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-54 Frequency Count Note：If the ‘Count’ soft-key is set to ‘On’, the displayed frequency will change from the frequency of marker to the frequency of the strongest signal around the marker. The amplitude is the amplitude of that point.
  • Page 91 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual After turning on the mark noise, the system would turn the detection mode to sample automatically, and change the marker value to dBX/Hz. The noise marker is to calculate the average value of the amplitude values of 16...
  • Page 92 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-56 Differential Noise ON Peak Value Function Press PEAK key, and the first page of peak menu will appear. The second page will appear if ‘NEXT page’ button is pressed. Fig. 3-57 Peak Menu (Page 1)
  • Page 93 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-58 Peak Menu (Page 2) If the peak list is not open, the maximum amplitude value would be found with each press of the peak key and marked with a marker. Next Peak, Next Right Peak & Next Left Peak Next Peak: Search for the hypo-peak value that is lower than the marked one.
  • Page 94 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual When the peak list is off (there is only one marker ‘On’), press ‘Marker To Center’/’Marker To Ref Lvl’. The same as the function of ‘Mkr to Ref Lvl’ of the mark, it can set the frequency/amplitude of current marker to center frequency/reference level.
  • Page 95 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-60 Peak Table...

  • Page 96: Channel Power

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Channel Power Channel Power refers to the total power of the signal in certain span. Select a type of measurement for channel power, and the following menu will pop Fig. 3-61 Channel Power Interface In the figure above, the area with a color background is the Channel Bandwidth;...

  • Page 97: Basic Measurement

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.3.1 Basic Measurement Frequency Press Freq key, and the following menu will pop up. Users can set up center frequency and frequency step of the channel power measurement. The method of setup is the same as the setup of Swept SA that we do not list again.
  • Page 98 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-63 Channel Power Amplitude Menu Reference Level The function of Ref Level is same in a certain type of frequency scan. Changing the Ref Level only changes the display position of wave, not the measurement of span power.
  • Page 99 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-65 Reference Level -30dBm Attenuator & Amplifier The functions of attenuator are the in spectrum sweep function. It can reduce the signal distortion and the amplitude of input signal entering the mixer. The value of attenuator is from 0 to 55dB with 5dB step, and the default value is 10dB.
  • Page 100 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Figure 3-68 and 3-69 show the measurement results when the amplifier is close and open. From the channel power measurement parameters and the blue background height of channel power, we can see the impact of amplifier on the waveform.
  • Page 101 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-68 Amplifier OFF Fig. 3-69 Amplifier ON Scale/Div The valid value of Scale/Div is integers from 1 to 40, and 9 number from 0.1 to 0.9. The default value is 10dB/grid. Decreasing the value, the waveform will be amplified, and it is easy to observe the waveform details.
  • Page 102 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-70 Wave of 5dB/Div Ref Offset If level offset is opened, the amplitude of waveform will be magnified and the channel power relative value will also be changed. The following figures show the measurement results under different conditions of the level offset.

  • Page 103: Basic Parameter Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-72 Ref Offset 30 dB/ 3.3.2 Basic Parameter Settings The basic parameter setting is quite easy comparing with spectrum sweep. It is only related to the setting of video average and scan type. Other parameters such as resolution BW, VBW, sweep time and etc.

  • Page 104: Measurement Parameter Setting

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual The setting of basice parameter of channel power and the function are the same as spectrum sweep type. 3.3.3 Measurement Parameter Setting M E A S Press the key to set some special function when measuring.
  • Page 105 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Limit The main contents of Channel power includes channel power and power density, so there are the limits of channel power and power density. Limit is set as the figure below. Press the soft key of the limit, and the following dialog box will pop up.
  • Page 106 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-76 Limit Setting There are upper and lower limit settings for limit of Channel power and power bandwidth. The focus could be moved with the knob or the up/down keys to the dialog box which needs to be edited. Press the Enter key to edit.

  • Page 107: Basic Usage

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.3.4 Basic Usage Basic usage refers to marker and peak functions. Marker Function After pressing MARK key, the following menu will pop up. It is only about normal marker and delta marker. The theory is the same as Swept SA.

  • Page 108: Slot Signal Basic Parameters Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-78 Peak Menu 3.3.5 Slot Signal Basic Parameters Settings The operations of frequency and amplitude of Burst RF and continuous RF measurement are the same. Fig. 3-79 Burst RF Channel Power Interface The setting of burst RF basic parameters is also set with CPL key. The Sweep Mode and Trigger should be noticed.

  • Page 109: Slot Signal Measurement Setting

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.3.6 Slot Signal Measurement Setting The difference between Burst RF measurement setting and Continuous RF M E A S is the Burst RF settings. The measurement parameter is to use key. SETUP Press burst RF signal settings to enter the sub-menu as the figure below: Fig.
  • Page 110 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-81 Trigger Fails Fig. 3-82 Trigger Succeeds Gate RBW The gate RBW setting is to set the spectrum RBW of selected wave. Gate VBW The gate VBW setting is to set the spectrum VBW of selected wave.

  • Page 111: Adjacent Channel Power

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Adjacent Channel Power The adjacent channel power mainly measures the changing range of the power of adjacent channels and current channel. The bandwidth of adjacent channel is the same as the bandwidth of the current tested channel.

  • Page 112: Basic Measurement

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.4.1 Basic Measurement Frequency Press the FREQ key, and the Adjacent Channel Power spectrum menu as the figure below will pop up. The center frequency and frequency step of the adjacent channel power measurement could be set with the menu. The method is the same as it in spectrum sweep measurement type.

  • Page 113: Basic Parameter Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-85 Adjacent Channel Power Amplitude Menu 3.4.2 Basic Parameter Settings The basic parameter settings of Adjacent Channel Power is same as channel power. It is only about the video average and scan type; other parameters such as RBW, VBW, sweep time and etc.

  • Page 114: Measurement Parameter Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.4.3 Measurement Parameter Settings M E A S The measurement parameter setting is done with key. Press the key, SETUP and the following menu which could be used to set some special functions of adjacent channel power would pop up.
  • Page 115 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-88 Parameter Setting All signal types of the device have default values. Generally the default value could be used to complete the most basic and important measurement. Selete ‘Restore Default’ to set all parameters in the signal back to the default value.
  • Page 116 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Turn off all adjacent channel limits with the master switch. To turn on certain adjacent channel, the master switch and its switch must be used together. The limit of adjacent channel power includes absolute and relative limit.

  • Page 117: Basic Usage

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-90 Limite Measurement Result 3.4.4 Basic Usage The basic usage mainly includes marker and peak function. Marker Function Press the MARK key, and the following menu would pop up. The functions only include normal and delta marker. The theory is the same as spectrum sweep.
  • Page 118 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Peak Function Press the PEAK key, and the menu of peak will pop up as the following figure. Fig. 3-92 Peak Menu Peak function includes next peak, next left peak, next right peak, search condition, peak track, peak-peak, minimum value and etc.

  • Page 119: Occupied Bw

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Occupied BW The occupied bandwidth is to mainly measure the frequency range of certain percentage of the total power. In Channel Measurement Menu, user scan press the ‘Setting’ soft-key to modify the ‘Channel Spacing’ and ‘Occupied Bandwidth %Power’...

  • Page 120: Basic Measurement

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.5.1 Basic Measurement Frequency Press the FREQ key, and the following menu would pop up. The center frequency and frequency step of occupied BW could be set. The method is the same as setting it in spectrum sweep measurement.
  • Page 121 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Amplitude After pressing the AMPTD key, the following menu would pop up. Fig. 3-95 Occupied BW Amplitude Menu...

  • Page 122: Basic Parameter Setting

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.5.2 Basic Parameter Setting The basice parameter setting of occupied BW is the same as channel power, only about the setting of video average and sweep mode. Other parameters such as RBW, VBW, sweep time and etc. are default, not changeable.

  • Page 123: Measurement Parameters Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.5.3 Measurement Parameters Settings M E A S Press the key, and the following interface which could be used to set SETUP some special function would pop up. Fig. 3-98 Channel BW Setting Channel BW Press the ‘Channel BW’...
  • Page 124 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-99 Limit Setting The limit of occupied BW includes 3 items. Users can enable the limit line and input the value with the limit dialog box. Only if the master switch is on, all limit measurement value could be enabled and set.
  • Page 125 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual RF Signal & Slot Signal Setting Press ‘RF Signal’ to choose the signal type: burst and continuous signal. After choosing the slot signal, it should be set up. The method is the same as it of channel power.

  • Page 126: Basic Usage

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 3.5.4 Basic Usage It is mainly about marker and peak function. Marker Function The figure 3-102 will pop up after pressing MARK key. It is only about normal mark and delta mark. The theory is same as spectrum scanning.
  • Page 127 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Peak Function Press the PEAK key, and the menu will pop up as below. Fig. 3-102 Peak Menu The peak function includes next peak, next left peak, next right peak, peak track, track type, peak-peak and minimum value. For details, please refer to...

  • Page 128: Field Strength

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Field strength The field strength measurement in swept SA mode is not the general measurement items of ‘field strength meter’. The field strength meter is only a normal level measurement meter among measurement devices. The real field strngth measurement refers to level measurement meter and the antenna.
  • Page 129 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10 nV/m 7V/m W/ m 10-8 error. No reference source nW/ m 1W/ m 3 methods of showing the antenna coefficient Antenna gain Gain(G)[1/m], Antenna gain(g)[dBi], Antenna factor(AF)[dB(1/m)] g=10dB*log10(G)；AF=20*log10 (f/MHz)-29.7707dB – g Basic measurement: 1, press MEAS, choose field strength measurement type, and the device would switch to field strength measurement mode.

  • Page 130: Fm/Am

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual FM/AM Choose the FM/AM measurement in spectrum measurement, and enter the interface. Fig. 3-104FM/AM Measurement Basic measurement: 1, press MEAS, choose field strength measurement type, and the device would switch to field strength measurement mode.
  • Page 131 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 3-105 AM Measurement...

  • Page 132: Harmonic Analysis

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Harmonic Analysis Choose the harmonic analysis measurement in spectrum measurement, and enter the interface. Fig. 3-106 Harmonic Analysis Basic measurement: 1, press MEAS, choose field strength measurement type, and the device would switch to field strength measurement mode.

  • Page 133: Interference Analysis

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 4 Interference Analysis Press the MODE button, select the interference analysis of measurement model, and following menu will pop up as figure 4-1 Fig. 4-1 Interference Analysis The spectrum of the input signal of a period of time could be recorded in spectrogram in the interference analysis mode.

  • Page 134: Spectrogram

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Spectrogram The spectrogram is a method of recording spectrum displaying in 3D: the x-axis indicates frequency while y-axis indicates time, and signal amplitude is represented by different colors. Users could analysis the time stability or find out intermittent interference signal with the spectrogram.
  • Page 135 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Press Limit to set the upper and lower limit to judge whether current signal is qualified or not. After turning on Limit, the spectrogram record type could be chosen as recording all spectrum or only recording unqualified...

  • Page 136: Signal Strength

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Signal Strength Press the MEAS to select signal strength, and the measurement interface shown as figure 4-3 will pop up. Figure 4-3 Signal Strength Measurement The signal strength is used to measure dot frequency signal strength. The maximum scale and the minimum scale are used to set the range of current displayable signal strength.

  • Page 137: Received Signal Strength Indicator (Rssi)

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) Press MEAS, select RSSI, and the following menu will pop up: Fig. 4-4 RSSI This function can implement recording a particular frequency point in time. Press Time Interval to set the time interval of recording, min. 1ms; max.
  • Page 138 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 4-5 Sigal Stength Replay...

  • Page 139: Channel Sweep

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Channel Sweep Press MEAS, select channel sweep, and the measurement interface of shown as figure 4-6 will pop up: Fig. 4-6 Channel Sweep Mode Press PEAK, AMPTD and CPL function keys to set peak, amplitude,...

  • Page 140: Interference Localization

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Interference localization Press MEAS, select Inter Location, and the measurement interface would will pop up as figure 4-7: Fig. 4-7 Interference Localization Mode Localization could be implemented for ma viewing after installing GPS in the spectrum analyzer.

  • Page 141: Difference Spectrum

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Difference Spectrum Press MEAS, select difference spectrum, and the measurement interface would will pop up as figure 4-8: Fig. 4-8 Difference Spectrum Mode Press PEAK, AMPTD, MARK and CPL keys to set peak, amplitude, frequency...

  • Page 142: Signal Id

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Signal ID Press MEAS, select signal ID, and the measurement interface would will pop up as figure 4-9: Fig. 4-9 Signal ID Mode Press FREQ, PEAK, AMPTD, MARK and CPL keys to set frequency, peak,...

  • Page 143: Base Station Test

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5 Base Station Test Press MODE, and then corresponding soft key of base station test to enter the measurement menu, shown as the following figure: Fig. 5-1 Base Station Test Menu...

  • Page 144: Tdd-Lte

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual TDD-LTE Select TDD-LTE soft key to enter the menu, shown as the following figures Fig. 5-2 constell Menu...

  • Page 145: Power Vs. Rb

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.1 Power vs. RB Press the Pow vs RB soft key to enter the operation menu of Pow vs RB, shown as the following figure: Fig. 5-3 Pow vs RB Menu The measurement display includes power & RB grid, RB color map, measurement data form and measurement process bar.
  • Page 146 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Auto-Range Select ‘Auto-Range’, and the color image of RB power would show. Fig. 5-4 Auto RB Power Color Image Max. Value & Range Select ‘Max. Value’ or ‘Range’ to set the parameter of RB power color manually.

  • Page 147: Constellation

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual The form at the upper right of the spectrum is the measurement data form, including Active RBs, Utilization, channel power and Cell recognition. The RB tag at lower right is used for power and RB measurement, descibing selected RB.
  • Page 148 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 5-7Legend ON Fig. 5-8 Legend OFF...

  • Page 149: Control Ch Power

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.3 Control CH Power Select ‘Control CH Power’ to enter the menu of control channel power. The measurement shows the control channel power of key physical layer and ‘constellation’ in the measurement result. Fig. 5-9 Control Channel Power Menu Bandwidth Select ‘Bandwidth’...
  • Page 150 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual EVM Max. Hold Press ‘EVM Max. Hold’ to turn on/off the EVM Max. Hold. Fig. 5-11 EVM Max. Hold OFF Fig. 5-12 EVM Max. Hold ON EVM Mode Users could select EVM mode which is divided into aotu and PBCH.
  • Page 151 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Antenna Selection Press to enter the sub-menu of antenna selection. Fig. 5-13 Antenna Selection Threshold Press’ Threshold’ to enter the setting menu with 2 choices, ‘Threshold 1’ and ‘Threshold 2’. Press the corresponding key to set it.

  • Page 152: Scanner

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.4 Summary Modulation summary shows Ref Signal (RS) Power, Sync Signal (SS) Power, EVM (rms), Freq Error (Hz and ppm), Cell ID and PBCH Power. It refers to the detail information of each measurement.
  • Page 153 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Sort Select sort and select showing sort of measurement result. The selected numbers order from small to large. Fig. 5-16 Selection of Sort (Page 1) Fig. 5-17 Selection of Sort (Page 2)
  • Page 154 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Modulation Result Select ‘modulation result’ to set its status. Fig. 5-18 Modulation Result Bar Graph Select ‘Bar >’ to enter the submenu of bar graph, shown as figure 5.22. Fig. 5-19 Bar Graph Submenu Press the corresponding softkey.
  • Page 155 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Auto Save Press the corresponding softkey to turn on/off the auto save function of LET scan file.

  • Page 156: Channel Power

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.6 Channel Power ‘Channel Power’ is on the second page of TD-LTE menu as the following figure. Fig. 5-220TD-LTE Menu Page 2 Press the ‘Channel Power’ soft-key to enter the submenu. Fig. 5-21Channel Power Menu The operations of ‘Channel Power’...

  • Page 157: Occupied Bandwidth

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.7 Occupied Bandwidth Press the soft-key of ‘Occupied BW’ to enter the submenu: Fig. 5-22 Occupied BW Submenu The operations of ‘Occupied BW’ in TD-LTE mode and spectrum measurement are almost the same. Please refer to ‘3.5 Occupied...

  • Page 158: Power Vs.time

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.8 Power vs.Time Press the soft-key of ‘Pow vs.Time’ to enter the submenu as figure 5.29. ‘Power vs.Time’ shows the frequency of received signal in time domain. Fig. 5-23Power vs.Time Menu Subframe Spectrum Press the soft key of ‘Subframe Spectrum’ to turn on/off the subframe spectrum.
  • Page 159 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 5-24 Subframe Spectrum On Fig. 5-25 Subframe Spectrum OFF...

  • Page 160: Aclr

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.9 ACLR Press the soft-key of ‘ACLR’ to enter submenu as figure 5.32. Fig. 5-26 ACLR Select ‘Parameter Setting’ and ‘Limit’ in measurement setting, a window would pop up for setting up. Press FREQ, PEAK, AMPTD, MARK and CPL keys to set frequency, peak,...

  • Page 161: Co-Channel Interference

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.10 Co-Channel Interference Press the soft-key of ‘CCI’ to enter the submenu as figure 5.33 Fig. 5-27 Co-Channel Interference Press FREQ, PEAK, AMPTD, MARK and CPL keys to set frequency, peak, amplitude, marker and other basic items.

  • Page 162: Upstream Interference

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.1.11 Upstream Interference Press the soft-key of ‘Upstream Interference’ to enter the submenu as figure 5.34. Fig. 5-28Upstream Interference Press FREQ, PEAK, AMPTD, MARK and CPL keys to set frequency, peak, amplitude, marker and other basic items.

  • Page 163: Fdd-Lte

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual FDD-LTE Press the soft-key of ‘FDD-LTE’ to enter the menu of FDD-LTE as the following figure: Fig. 5-29 TD-LTE Menu...

  • Page 164: Power Vs Rb

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.1 Power vs RB Press the Pow vs RB soft key to enter the operation menu of Pow vs RB, shown as the following figure: Fig. 5-30 Pow vs RB Menu The measurement display includes power & RB grid, RB color map, measurement data form and measurement process bar.
  • Page 165 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 5-31 Auto RB Power Color Image Max. Value & Range Select ‘Max. Value’ or ‘Range’ to set the parameter of RB power color manually. Different RB power color image are available. The RB grid at the left of the spectrum shows the color of each RB PDSCH.

  • Page 166: Constellation

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.2 Constellation Select ‘Constell’ to enter the menu as the following figure: Fig. 5-32 Constellation Menu The constellation operation in FDD-LTE is almost the same as it in TDD-LTE. Please refer to 5.1.2.

  • Page 167: Control Ch Power

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.3 Control CH Power Select ‘Control CH Power’ to enter the menu of control channel power. The measurement shows the control channel power of key physical layer and ‘constellation’ in the measurement result. Fig. 5-33 Control Channel Power Menu Press ‘Ng>‘...

  • Page 168: Scanner

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.4 Summary Modulation summary shows Ref Signal (RS) Power, Sync Signal (SS) Power, EVM (rms), Freq Error (Hz and ppm), Cell ID and PBCH Power. It refers to the detail information of each measurement.

  • Page 169: Channel Power

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.6 Channel Power Press the soft-key of ‘Channel Power’ to enter the submenu. Fig. 5-35 Channel Power Menu The operations of ‘Channel Power’ in TD-LTE mode and spectrum measurement are almost the same. Please refer to ‘3.3 Channel Power’.

  • Page 170: Occupied Bandwidth

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.7 Occupied Bandwidth Press the soft-key of ‘Occupied BW’ to enter the submenu: Fig. 5-36 Occupied BW Submenu The operations of ‘Occupied BW’ in TD-LTE mode and spectrum measurement are almost the same. Please refer to ‘3.5 Occupied...

  • Page 171: Aclr

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.8 ACLR Select the ‘ACLR’ to enter submenu. Fig. 5-37 ACLR Select ‘Parameter Setting’ and ‘Limit’ in measurement setting, a window would pop up for setting up. Press FREQ, PEAK, AMPTD, MARK and CPL keys to set frequency, peak,...

  • Page 172: Co-Channel Interference

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.9 Co-Channel Interference Press the soft-key of ‘CCI’ to enter the submenu Fig. 5-38 Co-Channel Interference Press FREQ, PEAK, AMPTD, MARK and CPL keys to set frequency, peak, amplitude, marker and other basic items.

  • Page 173: Sem

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 5.2.10 SEM Press the soft-key of ‘SEM’ to enter the spectrum template. Fig. 5-39 SEM Spectrum Template Select ‘category’ to select the template. Slelct ’Summary’ to turn on/of the measurement result display. Press FREQ, AMPTD, and CPL keys to set frequency, amplitude, and other...

  • Page 174: Coverage Mapping

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 6 Coverage Mapping Press MODE, select the sof-key of Coverage Mapping to enter the menu shown as the following figure Fig. 6-1 Coverage Mapping Menu...

  • Page 175: Indoor Coverage

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Indoor Coverage Select ‘SS Indoor’ to enter the indoor coverage function. Fig. 6-2 Indoor Coverage Interface Measurement status 2 buttons: start & end Map viewing If the map is larger than the screen, it could be moved.

  • Page 176: Measurement Setting

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 6.1.1 Measurement Setting Press ‘Meas SETUP’ to enter the measurement setting menu. Fig. 6-4 Measurement Setting Menu Limit Select ‘Limit’ to enter the menu. There are 5 levels. Fig. 6-5 Limit...
  • Page 177 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Indoor Coverage Setting Select ‘Indoor Coverage Setting’ to enter the submenu. Time measurement and free measurement are available. Time interval could be chosen in time measurement. Fig. 6-6 Indoor Coverage Setting Test Information Test information submenu is used for entering information of the test including test person, location, test name and remarks.

  • Page 178: Coverage Measurement

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 6.1.2 Coverage Measurement There are 2 coverage measurements, time measurement and free measurement. 1．Time measurement Mark at the corresponding location on the indoor map; mark again at another position. The data between two points are calculated by the time interval of two points.
  • Page 179 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 6-9 Generate Time Measurement Data Click on ‘Clear All’ to clear all measurement data on the map. Click on ‘Back’ to clear the data between the current mark point and the previous one, which means ‘back’.
  • Page 180 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 6-10 Free Measurement Result Click on ‘Clear All’ to clear all measurement data on the map. Click on ‘Back’ to clear the data between the current mark point and the previous one, which means ‘back’.

  • Page 181: Save Measurement File

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 6.1.3 Save Measurement File After the measurement completes, press ‘Save’, and the save menu would pop up. Select ‘Measurement Result’. Enter file name, and select saved format (data or CSV) and saved location (local or flash disk).

  • Page 182: Open Coverage File

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 6.1.4 Open Coverage File When the measurement stops, press ‘System’, and the menu would pop up. Select ‘File Management’ then ’Measurement Result’, and a dialog box of file selection would pop up. Fig. 6-12 Open Measured File...

  • Page 183: Outdoor Coverage

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Outdoor Coverage Select ‘Signal Strength Outdoor’ button to enter the function. The interface is as the following figure: Fig. 6-13 Outdoor Coverage Interface...

  • Page 184: Coverage Measurement

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 6.2.1 Coverage Measurement Measurement Status Enter the route coverage measurement function when it is not turned on. Click on the corresponding software to start/stop measuring. Viewing Mode There are two modes, satellite map and map. Press the button to switch between two modes.
  • Page 185 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Current Location The current location could be set as manual or auto. If it is auto, the map would change as the GPS location moving; if it is manual, the map would be changed with the map Browse function.

  • Page 186: Save File

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 6-17 Limit Selection 6.2.2 Save File Press the “Save” key when the measure finishes. Select save measurement result to save the file. Fig. 6-18 Save Meaurement Result File The file could be saved as 3 types: Data: used for local replay ²...
  • Page 187 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual KML: used in Google Earth ²...
  • Page 188 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 6-19 Measurement Result File Type Select to save in local or U disk. Enter file name, and click on OK to save the data.

  • Page 190: Open File

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 6.2.3 Open File When the measurement stops, press ‘System’, and the menu would pop up. Select ‘File Management’. Fig. 6-20 System Menu Fig. 6-21 File Management Menu...
  • Page 191 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Select ’Measurement Result’, and a dialog box of file selection would pop up as the figure below. Fig. 6-22 Meaurement File Selection Dialog Box Select a file, and click on ‘Load’ to load the measurement file.

  • Page 192: Tracking Source

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 7 Tracking Source After installing tracking source, transmission measurement could be done. Select ‘Tracking Source’ in the menu to enter the following interface. Fig. 7-1 Tracking Source Menu To use tracking source function, the RF OUT port must be connected to the RF IN port.
  • Page 193 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual parameters such as frequency, reference level, attenuator, source output amplitude and etc. change, the software correction fails automatically. The operation should be done again if necessary. Multiple curves could be turned on through Track. Functions such as hold, maximum hold, minimum hold and erase could be chosen.

  • Page 194: File Operation

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 8 File Operation This chapter would mainly introduce following content: Save File File Management...

  • Page 195: Save File

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Save File Press ‘SAVE’ button, and the menu of figure 6-1 would pop up to save image, status, and track + status. Fig. 8-1 SAVE Menu Press Image> to save the current measurement wave as image in local or U disk.
  • Page 196 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 8-2 Image Saving Menu Fig. 8-3 Status Saving Menu...
  • Page 197 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 8-4 Track + Status Menu File Name When the dialog box of creating new file pops up, the default cursor is at the place of entering file name. If file type and saving route do not need to be changed, file name could be entered and saved directly.

  • Page 198: File Management

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual File Management The file management is used to check, move and delete files such as image, status and track in local or USB. Select file management menu in the system, and the menu as figure 6-5 would pop up. .
  • Page 199 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 8-6 Correspongding File Management Menu...

  • Page 200: Other Functions And Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 9 Other Functions and Settings This chapter would mainly introduce following items: System Calibration System Settings System Information Software Update Other Function...
  • Page 201 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual The chapter mainly introduces the system parameter and inquiring system information by pressing SYS key. After pressing SYS, the Menu of 9-1 will pop up. Press "Next Page" the menu of 9-2 would pop up. And press "Next Page" again the menu of 9-3 would pop up.
  • Page 202 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 9-3 System Menu (Page 3)

  • Page 203: System Calibration

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual System Calibration System calibration needs to be done frequently for the electronic measurement instrument. After a period of using, system calibration should be done. If the environment such as temperature changes dramatically, or users do not think the result reliable, system calibration also needs to be done.
  • Page 204 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual data is set before the instrument is sold. Users do not need to and cannot change. Select ‘Cancle’ in amplitude calibration and frequency calibration, and then a calibration cancel mark would pop up at the top of the interface shown as figure 5-4.

  • Page 205: Help Information

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Help Information After pressing the soft-key ‘Help’, a dialog box of system information would pop up showing the system information of current instrument as figure 7-6. Fig. 9-6 Help Menu The dialog box mainly contains the product series number, software and hardware version information.

  • Page 206: System Settings

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual System Settings It is used to set system parameters including screen display, communication, language and etc. 9.3.1 Network AD8000 network setting function accepts remote control. Press the Network Settings key, and the follow menu will pop up.
  • Page 207 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 9-8 Menu of Obtaining Dynamic IP Users could move the blue cursor to ‘OK’ or ‘Cancel’ with the up/down key or knob. Click on ‘OK’ to save the setting and close the dialog box and...

  • Page 208: Language

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 9.3.2 Language Press the “Language Select” soft-key, and the following menu would pop up. AD8000 offers 2 languages. Select one, and then all menus would change into that language. The default is Chinese. Changing language would not cause restoration because of power-off.

  • Page 209: Buzzer

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 9.3.3 Buzzer AD8000 has a built-in buzzer used for buzzing for faulty operation or device breakdown. Users could set the status of the buzzer. Press the "Beep Settings" soft-key, and the following menu will pop up.

  • Page 210: Gps

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 9.3.4 GPS If users have purchased GPS, the status of GPS option in option dialog box is on. Users could turn it off. The operation interface is shown as below: Fig. 9-11 GPS Setting...

  • Page 211: Time

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 9.3.5 Time After pressing ‘Time Setting’ button, the following menu which users could use to set date and time would pop up. Fig. 9-12 Time Setting Menu The blue cursor could be moved to the position of which parameter you want to edit with the up/down key and knob.

  • Page 212: Software Update

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Software Update When you need to upgrade software, contact our company for the latest firmware. Software can only be upgraded with USB disk. Before updating, copy update file upd_file.dat and upd_ver.txt into the root directory of the U disk. In the second page of the System Menu, select the "upgrade"...

  • Page 213: Program Guide

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10 Program Guide AD8000 series handheld spectrum analyzer could be control remotely with the standard net access. The WorkBench provides a integrated solution. It could control multiple devices through the network, and implement drawing wave, sending command and generating report. Most functions which could be done with the analyzer could be implemented with WorkBench.

  • Page 214: Scpi Basis

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual SCPI Basis 10.1 10.1.1 Brief Introduction AD8000 adapts general SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) instruction set as control order. The advantages of using this instruction set are: Character string format, easy to understand...

  • Page 215: Create Valid Command

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.1.3 Create Valid Command Since the command is not case sensitive, every command may have multiple expressions. Examples of valid command are shown below: Command Syntax Valid Command Sense：Band：Res 1700 [SENSe：]BANDwidth[：RESolution] sens：band 1.7KHZ <freq>...

  • Page 216: Special Characters In Command

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.1.4 Special Characters in Command Special Meaning Example Characters between parameters indicates alternative choices. TRIGger[：SEQuence]：FIELd ODD | meaning EVEN parameter choices, ODD and EVEN are two choices which is to choose For example, TRIG：FIELD ODD is one...

  • Page 217: Parameters In Command

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.1.5 Parameters in Command Four basic parameter types: Boolean type, keyword, variate and binary number Boolean type: OFF|ON|0|1 The Boolean type represents a binaryzation value. 0 has is equivalent to character string OFF. 1 or any other nonzero number are equivalent to ON.
  • Page 218 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Parameter Meaning Type Unit Default Number dBmV, mV <rel_power> Raletive Rational Number <rel_ampl> <percent> 100% 0-100 <string> Character Character String String Binary Number Use <arbitrary block data> type to represent binary number. Named it ‘binary number’...

  • Page 219: Control Method

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Control Method 10.2 10.2.1 Connection Method There are two ways to connect PC with AD8000. One is to connect through crossover net cable, and the other is to connect the PC and AD8000 into the same Ethernet with a direct network cable.
  • Page 220 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 568A 568B Green, white Orange, white Green Orange Orange, white Green, white Blue Blue Blue, white Blue, white Orange Green Brown, white Brown, white Brown Brown The order of 2 ends of direction network cable is the same, which is 568A or 568B;...
  • Page 221 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Fig. 10-3 Network Topology...

  • Page 222: Pc Hardware Setting

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.2.2 PC Hardware Setting Since AD8000 only supports 10M network card, before using Ethernet to control remotely, if the network card of PC is not 10M, it should be changed to 10M enforcedly. The configuration method is as below: Right click on My Computer, select Attribute, and the dialog box of figure 10-4 would pop up.
  • Page 223 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Select Network Configurator -> D-Link DFE-530TX PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter(rev.c) as figure 10-5, and the network hardware configuration dialog box as figure 10-6 would pop up. Fig. 10-6 Network Hardware Configuration Dialog Box Select Advance -> Attribute -> Connection Type -> 10BaseT Full...

  • Page 224: Command Instruction

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Command Instruction 10.3 The sent & received commands end with a line feed. The corresponding binary code is 0x0d and 0x0a. For example: send the command of getting series number *IDN? 7 characters *IDN?/0x0d/0x0a should be sent practically.

  • Page 225: System Command

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.3.2 System Command Command Meaning Input/Output UPGRade Upgrade DISPlay:ENABle<Boolean> Set LCD EN ON|OFF DISPlay:ENABle Read LCDEN ON|OFF 10.3.3 Spectrum Analysis Mode Command List 10.3.3.1 Wave Command Meaning Input/Output TRACe:[DATA Read wave Wave data of corresponding points 10.3.3.2 Frequency...
  • Page 226 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual [SENSe ： ]FREQuency ： CENTer ： Read center Frequency frequency step value STEP? [SENSe ： ]FREQuency ： CENTer ： Set frequency step ON|OFF auto or not Auto|Manual STEP：AUTO <Boolean> [SENSe ： ]FREQuency ： CENTer ：...
  • Page 227 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Command Meaning Input/Output STATe] <Boolean> on/off status Read [ ： SENSe] ： POWer[ ： RF] ： GAIN[ ： pre-amplifier ON|OFF STATe]? on/off status DISPlay ： WINDow ： TRACe ： Y[ ： Set scale as linear...
  • Page 228 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Example 1: set reference level as 73.6 dBuV Command: DISP：WIND：TRAC：Y：RLEV 73.6 dBuV Example 2: set it as linear mode Command: DISP：WIND：TRAC：Y：SPAC LOG Example 3: read attenuator Command: POW：ATT? Returned value: 10 It indicates that current attenuator is 10 dB.
  • Page 229 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.3.3.4 CPL Command Meaning Input/Output [SENSe ： ]BANDwidth|BWIDth[ ： Set RBW Bandwidth value RESolution]<bandwidth> [SENSe ： ]BANDwidth|BWIDth[ ： Read RBW Bandwidth value RESolution]? [SENSe ： ]BANDwidth|BWIDth[ ： Set RBW auto or ON|OFF RESolution]：AUTO <Boolean>...
  • Page 230 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Command Meaning Input/Output <integer> average times Read vedio [SENSe：]AVERage：STATe:COUNt? Average Times average times vedio [SENSe ： ]AVERage ： CLEar < Average Times average times Boolean > re-count Read vedio [SENSe：]AVERage：CLEar? average times Average Times...
  • Page 231 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Example 1: Set RBW as 300 KHz Command: BWIDth 300 KHz Example 2: Read current sweep time Command: SWEEP：TIME? Returned value: 20000000 It indicates that current sweep time is 20 ms Example 3: Set sweep time as 1.5s Command: SWEEP：TIME 1.5s...
  • Page 232 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.3.3.5 Detection Mode & Trigger Mode Command Meaning Input/Output [SENSe：]DETector[：FUNCtion] POSitive|NEGative POSitive|NEGative|SAMPl|AVER Set detection mode |SAMPl|AVERage| NORMAL age|NORMAL POSitive|NEGative [SENSe ]DETector[ ： ： Read detection |SAMPl|AVERage| FUNCtion]? mode NORMAL IMMediate|VIDeo TRIGger[：SEQuence]：SOURce Set trigger mode...
  • Page 233 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Returned level: IMMediate It indicates that the current trigger mode is free trigger Attention: To set trigger line, it must be line trigger mode, otherwise the sentence is invalid. If the similar upper level word (for example TRIGer) is...
  • Page 234 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.3.3.6 Frequency Mark Command Meaning Input/Output CALCulate ： MARKer ： Set general mark ON|OFF STATe <Boolean> on/off Read general mark CALCulate ： MARKer ： ON|OFF on/off STATe? CALCulate ： MARKer ： MODE Set mark type...
  • Page 235 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Example 1: turn on general mark Command: CALCulate：MARKer：STATe ON Example 2: find out peak value Command: CALCulate：MARKer：MAXimum Example 3: Read amplitude of current mark Command: CALCulate：MARKer：Y? Returned value: 80.83 It indicates that the level is 80.83 dBuv (when current reference level is...
  • Page 236 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 10.3.3.7 NdB Function Command Meaning Input/Output CALCulate:BANDwidth: Set NDB ON|OFF STATe<Boolean> measurement on/off Read NDB CALCulate:BANDwidth: STATe? ON|OFF measurement on/off CALCulate: BWIDth: Reload NDB ON|OFF STATe<Boolean> measurement on/off Read reloaded NDB CALCulate: BWIDth: STATe?

  • Page 237: Appendix

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 11 Appendix Glossary explanation 11.1 Amplitude Imbalance Amplitude Modulation Bandwidth Bit Error Rate Carrier-to-noise ration Composite Sencond-Command Beat Composite Triple Beat Decibel Digital Video Broadcasting Digital Video Broadcasting baseline system for digital cable DVB-C...
  • Page 238 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Phase Alternating Line Phase Jitter Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying Radio Frequency Resolution Bandwidth Seriously Errored Second Time Jitter Transport Stream Upper Bandwidth...

  • Page 239: Prompt Information List

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Prompt Information List 11.2 Prompt Info. Source/cause Solution Option has not been Using some Install the option. installed. uninstalled function. Adaptor is not Low battery. Please inserted when Insert the adaptor. charge. updating. Incomplete update...
  • Page 240 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual File saving File saving completes completes Please enter file File name needs to Press ENTER after name, and press be entered when inputting in ENTER to continue. saving file. numbers. Insufficient disk When saving new Delete some space.
  • Page 241 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual before measuring to line trigger It is FM mode before Turn off FM Demodulate to AM measuring It is dual-window Turn off Please turn off mode before dual-window dual-window. function. measuring It is linear mode Please switch to log Switch to log mode.

  • Page 242: Specifications

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Specifications 11.3 All parameters in AD8000 series analyzer specification information applys for measurement of instrument storing in working temperature for more than 2 hours, preheating 10 minutes after calibration. 11.3.1 Frequency Index Model AD8000A...

  • Page 243: Amplitude Index

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Bandwidth <±10% Accuracy (60dB/3dBBWR) ：<5 ：1 selectivity Video Bandwidth Range 1Hz - 3 MHz abt. 10% step Stability Typical＜ -108 dBc/Hz Typical＜ -105dBc/Hz @ @continuous signal continuous signal offset 100 kHz offset 100kHz Typical Phase Noise Typical＜...
  • Page 244 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Display average noise level: (AD8000A no signal input, 0dB attenuation, 100Hz RBW, 100Hz VBW, sample detection) (AD8400A/AD8600A：no signal input, 0dB attenuation, 100Hz RBW, 100Hz VBW, sample detection) ≤-128dBm, ≤-128dBm, ≤-125dBm, 2MHz～1GHz 2MHz～1GHz ≤-122dBm, 5MHz～1GHz ≤-122dBm,...
  • Page 245 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual Resolation 0.03% linear of reference level Track 3 tracks output Detection Mode Sample, posi-peak, neg-peak, normal, average Peak, next peak, mark-to-center, mark-to-reference, and Mark Function etc. Mark Display Normal, delta, fix, frequency count Reference Level -130dBm—...
  • Page 246 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual AD8400A/AD8600A Basestation Analysis Index Model AD8400A AD8600A LTE Measurement Index LTE Frequency Range 10MHz～4.0GHz 10MHz～6GHz Measurement Bandwidth 1.4MHz/3MHz/5MHz/10MHz/15MHz/20MHz EVM Mode PDSCH, PBCH Measurement Report Support LTE Power Measurement ±1.0dBTypical TDD-LTE Accuracy (input amplitude range –30dBm～+10dBm) ±1.0dBTypical...

  • Page 247: Input/Output Index

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual 11.3.3 Input/Output Index Model AD8000A AD8400A AD8600A RF Input Input Port N type Input 50Ω Impedance Typical<1.8 Typical<1.8 ( 10MHz– 3000MHz, ( 10MHz– 3000MHz, Typical<1.8 (10MHz Attenuator≥10dB) Attenuator≥10dB) VSWR ～3000MHz Typical<2.0 3000MHz Typical<2.0 Attenuator≥10dB) –4000MHz,...

  • Page 248: Level Index

    AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual USB Output 1 USB 2.0, 1 mini USB 10M/100M self-adaption 11.3.4 Level Index Model AD8000A AD8400A AD8600A Battery Type Chargeable lithium battery 11.1V/5.2Ah Adaptor 19V/3.42A Charging Time >4.5h >3.5h Power >3h (without track source)
  • Page 249 AD8000 Series Spectrum Analyzer Instruction Manual...

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