Lubrication System; General Description - Four Cylinder Engine Lubrication System - Perkins New 1000 Series Workshop Manual

New 1000 Series
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Lubrication system

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General description - four cylinder engine lubrication system

Pressure lubrication is supplied by a rotor type pump which is driven through an idler gear from the crankshaft
gear. The pump has an inner rotor and an outer rotor which are off-centre to each other. There is a key between
the inner rotor and the drive shaft. The inner rotor has six lobes which mesh with the seven lobes of the outer
rotor. When the pump rotates, the space between the lobes of the outer rotor which are in mesh increases to
cause a suction or decreases to cause a pressure increase. If a balancer unit (page 190 illustration B) is fitted,
the oil pump is fitted to the balancer frame and is driven by the balancer drive shaft.
Lubricating oil (page 189 illustration A1) from the sump passes through a strainer and pipe to the suction side
of the pump.
The lubricating oil (page 189 illustration A2) passes from the outlet side of the pump through a pipe to a relief
valve, which is fitted to the bottom of the left side of the cylinder block. If a balancer unit is fitted, the relief valve
is fitted in the frame of the balancer. The relief valves opens if the oil pressure is too high and allows some of
the lubricating oil to return to the sump.
From the relief valve, lubricating oil passes to a plate type oil cooler (some naturally aspirated engines do not
have an oil cooler). The oil cooler is either fitted to the left side of the cylinder block and has seven plates, or
it is fitted between the oil filter head and the filter canister and has ten plates. Some oil coolers are fitted with
a by-pass valve. If cold oil increases the restriction in the cooler, the by-pass valve opens and the oil passes
directly from the inlet side to the outlet side of the cooler.
Lubricating oil from the oil cooler, passes to an oil filter. The oil filter can be fitted to the left or right side of the
engine. If the filter is fitted to the right side (page 190 illustration B) of the engine, the oil passes through a pipe
connected between the relief valve and the right side of the cylinder block. The oil passes from the pipe through
a passage in the right side of the cylinder block to an oil cooler and then to the oil filter. When the oil filter is on
the right side of the engine, and an oil cooler is fitted, the oil cooler will be between the oil filter head and the
oil filter canister.
The lubricating oil passes from the filter to the pressure rail which is drilled the complete length of the left side
of the cylinder block. If the oil filter is on the right side of the engine, the oil passes through a passage drilled
across the cylinder block to the pressure rail.
From the pressure rail, lubricating oil passes to the main bearings of the crankshaft and through passages in
the crankshaft to the big end bearings. The pistons and the cylinder bores are lubricated by splash and oil mist.
Lubricating oil (page 189 illustration A3) passes from the main bearings through passages in the cylinder block
to the journals of the camshaft. Lubricating oil passes from the centre journal of the camshaft through a
passage in the cylinder block and cylinder head to a restriction in the pedestal of the rocker shaft, at a reduced
pressure (page 189 illustration A4), to the rocker bushes. The oil passes through a passage in the rocker shaft
to the bearings of the rocker levers. The valve stems, valve springs and the tappets are lubricated by splash
and oil mist.
The hub of the idler gear is lubricated by oil from the pressure rail and the timing gears are splash lubricated.
The turbocharger is lubricated by oil after the filter. Oil is supplied from a connection on the right side of the
cylinder block through an external pipe to the turbocharger. The oil passes through the turbocharger and
returns through a pipe to the sump.
Turbocharged engines have piston cooling jets fitted. These jets are connected to the oil pressure rail and
spray lubricating oil inside the pistons to keep them cool. Naturally aspirated engine types AR and AS have
one piston cooling jet fitted to the number one cylinder position.
Workshop Manual, TPD 1350E, Issue 4 187
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