PerkinElmer AAnalyst 700 User Manual
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PerkinElmer AAnalyst 700 User Manual

PerkinElmer AAnalyst 700 User Manual

Tomic absorption spectrometer
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ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
AAnalyst 700
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
User's Guide

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Summary of Contents for PerkinElmer AAnalyst 700

  • Page 1 Return to Document Menu ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY AAnalyst 700 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer User’s Guide...
  • Page 3 ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY AAnalyst 700 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer User’s Guide...
  • Page 4 Trademarks PerkinElmer is a trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc. AAnalyst, AA WinLab, Lumina, and HGA are trademarks of affiliates of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC. Windows is a trademark and Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    Contents page Chapter 1 Safety and Regulatory Information Safety practices and conventions ........... Correct use of the instrument .

  • Page 6: Table Of Contents

    PerkinElmer Service ........

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    The AAnalyst 700 Spectrometer System ........
  • Page 8 Contents 0993-5255...
  • Page 9 Safety and Regulatory Information 1Safety and Regulatory Information Contents page Safety practices and conventions ........... Correct use of the instrument .
  • Page 10 0993-5255...

  • Page 11: Safety Practices And Conventions

    Safety/Regulatory Information Safety practices and conventions This instrument has been designed to comply with a wide variety of international standards governing the safety of laboratory equipment. In routine use, the instrument poses virtually no risk to you. If you take some simple, common-sense precautions, you can maintain the continued safe operation of the instrument.

  • Page 12: Correct Use Of The Instrument

    Safety/Regulatory Information This symbol alerts you to the risk of ultraviolet radiation that could cause eye damage to yourself or other persons. Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one. The term CAUTION alerts you to situations that could result in serious damage Caution or other equipment.

  • Page 13: Electrical Safety

    Electrical safety W1.2 Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person should be permitted to service the instrument.  Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications to this instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the instrument.
  • Page 14 Safety/Regulatory Information  Use only fuses with the required current rating and of the specified type for replacement. Do not use makeshift fuses or short-circuit the fuse holders.  Whenever it is likely that the instrument is no longer electrically safe for use, make the instrument inoperative and secure it against any unauthorized or unintentional operation.

  • Page 15: Operating Conditions

    Safety/Regulatory Information Operating conditions W1.3 Warning: Explosive Atmosphere This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive atmosphere. The instrument will operate correctly under the following conditions:  Indoors.  Ambient temperature +15 C to +35 C (+59 F to +95 F), with a maximum change not exceeding 2.8 C (5 F) per hour.

  • Page 16: Laboratory Hygiene

    Safety/Regulatory Information Laboratory hygiene  Keep the work area scrupulously clean to avoid contaminating your samples and to maintain a safe working environment. Clean up spilled chemicals immediately and dispose of them properly.  Do not allow smoking in the work area. Smoking is a source of significant contamination and also a potential route for ingesting harmful chemicals.

  • Page 17: Safe Handling Of Chemicals

    Safety/Regulatory Information Safe handling of chemicals Some chemicals used with the instrument may be hazardous or may become hazardous after completion of an analysis. The responsible body must take the necessary precautions to ensure that the surrounding workplace is safe and that instrument operators are not exposed to hazardous levels of toxic substances (chemical or biological) as defined in the applicable national, state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.

  • Page 18: Waste Disposal

    For EDLs, the quantity of analyte material used is much less than the quantities used in HCLs. Typically, only several milligrams of material are placed in the EDL bulb. No PerkinElmer EDLs (System 1 or 2) contain more than 0.05 g of analyte material.

  • Page 19: Uv Radiation

    Safety/Regulatory Information UV radiation You should be aware of the health hazard presented by UV radiation.  When the instrument is on, do not remove any covers unless specifically instructed to do so in the guide since otherwise you may be exposed to potentially hazardous UV radiation.

  • Page 20: High Temperatures

    Safety/Regulatory Information High temperatures Burner system The flame can generate temperatures of up to 2800 °C.  Do not touch the burner head until it has cooled to room temperature. Graphite furnace The HGA graphite furnace can generate temperatures of up to 3000 C. ...

  • Page 21: Handling Compressed Gases

    Safety/Regulatory Information Handling compressed gases Note: The permanent installation of gas supplies is the responsibility of the user and should conform to local safety and building regulations. Summary of gas hazards Hazards associated with the different gases used in atomic absorption spectrometry are presented in the table below: Spontaneous Decomposition...
  • Page 22 Safety/Regulatory Information Storing cylinders  Store cylinders in accordance with the applicable national, state, and/or local regulations and standards.  When gas cylinders are stored in confined areas, such as a storage room, make sure that ventilation is adequate to prevent toxic or explosive accumulations of gas.
  • Page 23 Safety/Regulatory Information Handling cylinders  Move cylinders with a suitable hand truck after making sure that the valve cap is securely in place and that the cylinder is properly fastened to the hand truck.  Use only approved regulators, tubing, and hose connectors. ...

  • Page 24: Safety Practices For Flame Atomization

    Safety practices for flame atomization Safety interlocks PerkinElmer provides a number of safety interlocks on the burner system to monitor gas pressure and check for the proper setup of the burner head, nebulizer, and drain system. In addition a flame sensor checks that the flame is burning.
  • Page 25 Safety/Regulatory Information Air supply An air compressor is recommended for the air supply to the burner system. Cylinders of compressed air should only be used as an emergency or short-term solution.  If you use cylinder air, make sure that it is compressed air and not oxygen- enriched air (e.g.
  • Page 26 Safety/Regulatory Information Acetylene  Always use ‘Atomic Absorption Grade’ acetylene (ethyne) dissolved in acetone (propan-2-one). This is satisfactory for all PerkinElmer AA spectrometers.  Do not store acetylene in close proximity to oxidizing gases, such as nitrous oxide.  Use approved tubing and fittings for acetylene. Never use copper fittings since acetylene forms an explosive compound with copper.
  • Page 27 Safety/Regulatory Information Safe operation of the flame  Before you ignite the flame make sure that: The laboratory fume ventilation system is operating; – The burner head is installed correctly; – The burner end cap is secured firmly; – The fuel and oxidant tubing fittings are properly connected; –...
  • Page 28 Safety/Regulatory Information The drain system  Always place the drain vessel in a well ventilated place underneath the spectrometer, in full view while you are working with the spectrometer. This prevents the build-up of potentially hazardous gases, and allows you to see the liquid level.
  • Page 29 Safety/Regulatory Information Hazards with Flame Atomization Toxic combustion products: Toxic combustion products can be generated by the system, depending on the type of analyses being performed.  You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic products generated during instrument operation. High temperatures: The flame can generate temperatures of up to 2800 °C.

  • Page 30: Safety Practices For Electrothermal Atomization

    Safety/Regulatory Information Safety practices for electrothermal atomization Safety interlocks PerkinElmer provides a number of safety interlocks on the graphite furnace (electrothermal atomization) system that monitor the gas pressure and the temperature of certain system components.  Do not attempt to defeat these interlocks; you may compromise your own, or someone else’s, safety.
  • Page 31 Safety/Regulatory Information Hazards with electrothermal atomization Toxic products: Toxic metal vapors, ozone, etc., can be generated by the system, depending on the type of analyses being performed.  You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic products generated during instrument operation. ...

  • Page 32: Safety Practices For Fias And Mercury Hydride Systems

    Safety/Regulatory Information Safety practices for FIAS and mercury hydride systems These systems are offered as options for the spectrometer. Safety checks  Before you start an analysis, make sure that: The laboratory fume ventilation system is operating; – The tubing in the fluid system is not constricted since this could lead to a –...
  • Page 33 Safety/Regulatory Information Hazards with FIAS and mercury hydride systems Toxic products: Toxic metal vapors, etc., can be generated by the system, depending on the type of analyses being performed.  You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic products generated during instrument operation.

  • Page 34: References For Laboratory Safety Practice

    Safety/Regulatory Information References for laboratory safety practice  Bretherik, L., Bretherik’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 4th ed., Butterworth & Co. Ltd., London, UK, 1990.  Safe Practices in Chemical Laboratories, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1989.  Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 5th edition, Luxon, S.G., ed., Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1992.

  • Page 35: Regulatory Information

    Safety/Regulatory Information Regulatory information IEC 1010 compliance This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with EN 61010- 1:1993 (IEC 1010-1): Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use, including Amendments 1 and 2 to this standard, and EN 61010-2-061:1996 (IEC 1010-2-061:1995): Particular requirements for laboratory atomic spectrometers with thermal atomization and ionization.

  • Page 36: Electromagnetic Compatibility (Emc)

    Safety/Regulatory Information Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) European Union (EMC Directives) This instrument has been designed and tested to meet the requirements of the EU Directives 89/336/EEC and 92/31/EEC. It complies with the generic EMC standard EN 61326-1:1997 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –...

  • Page 37: Symbols Used On The Instrument

    Safety/Regulatory Information Symbols used on the instrument Any of the following symbols can be used on the instrument: This symbol indicates that there is a potential hazard and that the user must look in the guide for an explanation of the hazard and how to avoid it. This symbol indicates the risk of electric shock.

  • Page 38: Warning Markings On The Instrument

    Safety/Regulatory Information Warning Markings on the instrument Warning markings at the front of the spectrometer Risk of hot surfaces Risque de surfaces chaudes Gefahr durch heisse Oberflächen Burner system Warning: Moving Parts – Risk of Injury Some moving parts of the instrument are accessible in normal operation. Keep hands, clothing and other objects away from the moving parts of the instrument.
  • Page 39 Safety/Regulatory Information Risk of hot surfaces Risque de surfaces chaudes Gefahr durch heisse Oberflächen HGA furnace Warning: Moving Parts – Risk of Injury Some moving parts of the instrument are accessible in normal operation. Keep hands, clothing and other objects away from the moving parts of the instrument. Danger: Parties en mouvement –...

  • Page 40: Warning Markings On The Rear Panel

    Safety/Regulatory Information Warning markings on the rear panel In stru me nt Furnace Gases Communic ation G a z du Fo ur O f e n ga s e 23 0 V 23 0 V 23 0 V mi n kP a 50 /60 Hz 50 /60 Hz...
  • Page 41 Bei höheren Drücken kann Acetylen spontan zerfallen und explodieren Warning: Flashback Hazard PerkinElmer burner systems are designed for use with compressed air. The use of oxygen can cause an explosion in the burner system, and oxygen-enriched air can cause a flashback of the flame.
  • Page 42 Safety/Regulatory Information Furnace Gases In stru me nt Communic ation G a z du Fo ur O f e n ga s e 23 0 V 23 0 V 23 0 V mi n kP a 50 /60 Hz 50 /60 Hz 50 /60 Hz Ar / N 50.

  • Page 43: Warning Markings On The Deuterium Lamp Cover

    Safety/Regulatory Information Warning markings on the deuterium lamp cover The warning markings below are visible when you open the top cover of the spectrometer. High Temperatures – Risk of Burns The lamp is hot. Températures élevées La lampe est chaude. Verbrennungsgefahr Die Lampe ist heiß.
  • Page 44 Safety/Regulatory Information 1-36 0993-5255...
  • Page 45 Spectrometer Installation 2Spectrometer Installation Marker for header Contents page Before you install the spectrometer ..........Moving and reinstalling the spectrometer .
  • Page 46 Spectrometer Installation 0993-5255...

  • Page 47: Before You Install The Spectrometer

    PerkinElmer office.  Contact your local PerkinElmer office to arrange for the installation. Before the service engineer arrives  You must prepare a suitable site for the spectrometer and any accessories.

  • Page 48: Moving And Reinstalling The Spectrometer

    If you intend to transport the spectrometer over a longer distance, contact your local PerkinElmer office since internal shipping locks must be set via the service software, inside the spectrometer.

  • Page 49: Moving The Spectrometer

    The spectrometer is a precision optical instrument. Move the spectrometer very carefully and protect it from vibrations and jolts. Do not tilt the spectrometer. If the spectrometer must be tilted or mechanically lifted, contact your PerkinElmer service representative before moving the spectrometer. The shipping locks must be properly secured to prevent any damage occurring if the spectrometer is tilted or jolted.

  • Page 50: Reinstalling The Spectrometer

    Spectrometer Installation Reinstalling the spectrometer Reinstall the spectrometer by following exactly the procedures described in this chapter, as summarized in the steps below: 1. Prepare the new site for the spectrometer; see Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements. Make sure that there will be enough space at the rear and sides of the spectrometer system for air to circulate freely.

  • Page 51: Connecting The Burner Gases

    Information. W5.9 Warning: Flashback Hazard PerkinElmer burner systems are designed for use with compressed air. The use of oxygen can cause an explosion in the burner system, and oxygen-enriched air can cause a flashback of the flame.  Never use oxygen or oxygen-enriched air with PerkinElmer burner systems.
  • Page 52 Spectrometer Installation To connect the gases Refer to Figure 2-1 when you connect the burner gases. 1. Make sure that the air supply is turned off. 2. Use the black hose assembly to connect a source of clean, dry, and filtered air to the fitting labelled on the rear panel of the spectrometer.
  • Page 53 Spectrometer Installation I nstrument Communica tion Furnace Gases Gaz du Four Ofengase 230 V 230 V 230 V m ax 3 50 4 00 kP a 50/60 Hz 50/ 60 H z 50/ 60 H z 3 .5 4 .0 b ar A r / N 5 0.

  • Page 54: Connecting The Furnace Gases

    Spectrometer Installation Connecting the furnace gases The connectors for the furnace gases are located on the rear panel of the spectrometer. Note: The furnace will operate correctly only if there is gas pressure at both the Normal Gas and Special Gas inlets. If you are using an inert gas only you must connect the gas to both inlets using the Y-connector.
  • Page 55 Spectrometer Installation To connect argon (or nitrogen) only Refer to Figure 2-2 on the following page when you connect the furnace gas. 1. Make sure that the argon (or nitrogen) supply is turned off. 2. Use the special tube cutter to cut two, 10 cm lengths of tube from the special gas tube.
  • Page 56 Spectrometer Installation Furnace Gases I nstrument Communica tion Gaz du Four Ofengase m ax 230 V 230 V 230 V 3 50 4 00 kP a 50/60 Hz 50/ 60 H z 50/ 60 H z 3 .5 4 .0 b ar A r / N 5 0.
  • Page 57 Spectrometer Installation To connect both argon and a special gas Refer to Figure 2-3 on the following page when you connect the furnace gases. 1. Make sure that the gas supplies are turned off. 2. Use the special tube cutter to cut the special gas tube into two pieces for the two gas supplies.
  • Page 58 Spectrometer Installation Furnace Gases I nstrument Communica tion Gaz du Four Ofengase m ax 230 V 230 V 230 V 3 50 4 00 kP a 50/60 Hz 50/ 60 H z 50/ 60 H z 3 .5 4 .0 b ar A r / N 5 0.

  • Page 59: To Connect The Drain System To The Burner

    Spectrometer Installation To connect the drain system to the burner Procedures for connecting the drain system to the burner are described in Maintaining the drain system in the Burner System User’s Guide. To install the furnace autosampler Procedures for demounting and reinstalling the furnace autosampler are described in Installing the furnace autosampler in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide.

  • Page 60: Connecting Cooling Sources

    Connecting cooling sources Installing the cooling system PerkinElmer offers a recirculating cooling system as an option for the spectrometer system. This cooling system includes a pressure-sensitive safety device that switches off the pump if the internal pressure in the circulatory system increases to above a safe value (see ‘Cooling the furnace’...
  • Page 61 Spectrometer Installation Cooling System Locating the cooling system Connecting the hoses Furnace Gases Instru ment Co mmu nicat io n Gaz du Fou r Ofen gase 23 0 V 23 0 V 230 V 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 5 0/60 Hz Ar / N 50.0 58.0...
  • Page 62 Spectrometer Installation Filling the cooling system The cooling system is self-priming; air in the system is removed automatically as the cooling system operates. The coolant is a 1:10 solution of glycerol in water (1 part glycerol plus 9 parts water). Note: The cooling system contains 0.5 L glycerol when it leaves the factory.
  • Page 63 Spectrometer Installation Connecting external cooling sources If you intend to run the spectrometer system without the PerkinElmer cooling system, you must connect another suitable source of cooling, such as the main water supply or a laboratory thermostat. If you connect the spectrometer system to the main water supply, make sure that the water pressure is as given in Table 2-1.
  • Page 64 Make sure that the outlet pressure is never set to a value exceeding the maximum pressure (P 1. The PerkinElmer service engineer will connect the pressure relief valve to the water tap (faucet). 2. Make sure that the drain hose from the pressure relief valve hangs down into a suitable laboratory sink or drain.
  • Page 65 Spectrometer Installation 5. Connect the outlet hose (marked ) to the WATER OUT Furnace Cooling fitting marked on the spectrometer. Note: To disconnect the water hoses: Carefully pull the knurled locking ring down slightly, to release the lock, and pull the connector off the fitting on the spectrometer. 6.

  • Page 66: Electrical Connections

    Spectrometer Installation Electrical connections W2.3 Warning: Electrical Hazard  To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the line power supply before you perform the procedures described below. Read the following instructions very carefully before connecting any cables.
  • Page 67 Spectrometer Installation Connections panel on the rear of the spectrometer Instrument Communication 230 V 230 V 230 V 50/60 Hz 50/60 H z 50/60 Hz 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) Use these power outlets only if the 230 V 50/60 Hz...
  • Page 68 Spectrometer Installation 2-24 0993-5255...
  • Page 69 Preparing the System for Analyses 3Preparing the System for Analyses Marker for header Contents page Switching on the system ............Installing lamps .
  • Page 70 Preparing the System 0993-5255...

  • Page 71: Switching On The System

    Preparing the System Switching on the system 1. Read the safety information at the front of this guide before you operate the system. 2. Make sure that the spectrometer system and other ancillary instruments are correctly installed and connected to their power supplies. Make sure that the coolant hoses are connected correctly to the spectrometer.
  • Page 72 Preparing the System 8. Switch on the computer. If your computer has a power management system, switch this off. 9. Install a Lumina hollow cathode lamp in any holder in the lamp compartment (procedure: page 3-7). A hollow cathode lamp must be installed in at least one holder before you switch on the spectrometer.
  • Page 73 Preparing the System Table 3-1. Required Pressures for the Burner Gases Outlet Gauge Pressure psig Acetylene 13.0 14.5 65.0 72.5 Nitrous oxide 65.0 72.5  Set the outlet gauge pressure for each gas to a value just below the maximum value (P ...
  • Page 74 Preparing the System Table 3-2. Required Pressures for the Furnace Gases Outlet Gauge Pressure psig Argon 50.0 58.0 Nitrogen 50.0 58.0 Special 50.0 58.0  Set the outlet gauge pressure for each gas to a value just below the maximum value (P ...

  • Page 75: Installing Lamps

    The compartment is easily accessible from the front when the cover is open. Lamp compartment cover The spectrometer is designed to operate with PerkinElmer Lumina hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) and coded electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs). The lamp compartment has holders for up to eight lamps.
  • Page 76 Preparing the System Lamp holders numbered 1 through 8 Sockets for EDLs Figure 3-1. Lamp Holders in the Lamp Compartment Installing and connecting lamps HCLs Note: A hollow cathode lamp must be installed in at least one holder before you switch on the spectrometer.
  • Page 77 Preparing the System EDLs You must use the lamp holders numbered 1 through 4 for EDLs. 1. Open the lamp compartment cover by lifting it at the front and swinging it back. 2. If necessary, assemble the lamp by sliding the lamp driver into the lamp sleeve for the required element.
  • Page 78 4. Unplug and remove the lamps. For EDLs, remove the coding plugs as well. Tips for installing lamps  Use only PerkinElmer lamps. You can use both hollow cathode and electrodeless discharge lamps.  Do not touch the front window of the lamp; perspiration or other contamination can reduce the intensity of the radiation.

  • Page 79: Installing Sample Trays

    Preparing the System Installing sample trays A sample tray can be inserted into one of three locations in front of the spectrometer – on the left-hand side, in front of the atomizer compartment, and on the right-hand side. You can leave a tray permanently installed on the left-hand side if you wish.

  • Page 80: Shutting Down The System

    Preparing the System Shutting down the system Note: In an emergency, switch off the spectrometer using the operational on/off switch on the front panel. The flame is automatically extinguished and the gases shut down in a safe sequence. See page 3-14 for the procedure to follow after an emergency shutdown. You must shut down each atomizer correctly before you shut down the spectrometer.
  • Page 81 Preparing the System To shut down the spectrometer 1. Exit AA WinLab: In the menu, click on File Exit 2. Switch off the spectrometer at the operational on/off switch on the front panel. 3. Switch off any accessories. 4. If you do not want to use the computer for other tasks, shut down the computer and printer as described in their user’s guides.

  • Page 82: Emergency Shutdown

    Preparing the System Emergency shutdown If a situation arises where you have to shut down the system quickly and you do not have time to carry out the correct procedure, you can use the procedure described below. Note: This procedure is for use in an emergency only. Do not use it as a routine shutdown procedure.
  • Page 83 PerkinElmer Service ........
  • Page 84 System Maintenance 0993-5255...

  • Page 85: Perkinelmer Service

    Contact your local PerkinElmer office. You should only perform the maintenance procedures described in this guide. For any other maintenance or service contact your local PerkinElmer office to arrange for a service engineer to visit. In particular you should only allow a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person to perform any work on: ...

  • Page 86: Maintenance Checklist

    System Maintenance Maintenance checklist Maintenance checklists for the spectrometer system are presented below. Maintenance checklists for the burner system are presented in the Burner System User’s Guide and for the graphite furnace, cooling system, and the furnace autosampler in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide. General preventative maintenance procedures Instrument For safety reasons, and to avoid contaminating new samples, you should...

  • Page 87: Spectrometer Maintenance Procedures

    Do not directly touch the windows. If mirror surfaces need cleaning, this must be done by a PerkinElmer service engineer or a similarly authorized and trained person who knows the special techniques required.
  • Page 88 System Maintenance To clean the windows: This must be done only by a skilled person who knows the special techniques required. Note: The more you rub the surface of the windows, the more chance there is of scratching them. You must change scratched windows. W3.1 Warning: UV Radiation –...

  • Page 89: Maintaining The Electrical Components

    The only parts that you should attempt to maintain are those described below. The electronic components in the instrument do not contain any parts which you can maintain yourself. If there is a problem, contact your local PerkinElmer office. If any fuses blow frequently or if the automatic circuit breaker switch is activated frequently, contact your local PerkinElmer office for advice.
  • Page 90 (marked ). This can happen while an analysis is running. To reset the switch, wait a few seconds then put the switch to the on position (marked ). If this switch is activated frequently, contact your local PerkinElmer office for advice. Changing the fuses W2.9...
  • Page 91 System Maintenance I nstrument Furnace Gases Communica tion Gaz du Four Ofengase 230 V 230 V m ax 230 V 3 50 4 00 kP a 50/60 Hz 50/ 60 H z 50/ 60 H z 3 .5 4 .0 b ar A r / N 5 0.

  • Page 92: Changing The Air Filters

    System Maintenance Changing the air filters To make sure that the electrical components in the spectrometer are properly cooled, the air filters must allow sufficient air into the instrument. Check the filters regularly and change them if they are dirty. You should not need to change the filters more than once every year if the environmental conditions are as described under Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements.

  • Page 93: Replacing The Deuterium Lamp

    System Maintenance Replacing the deuterium lamp The deuterium lamp for the background corrector has a limited lifetime. After a prolonged period of operation the lamp will exhibit decreasing radiant intensity and will ultimately fail. The lifetime of the deuterium lamp will be prolonged if you do not switch it on and off frequently.
  • Page 94 System Maintenance Captive screws Thumbscrew Deuterium lamp assembly Deuterium lamp plug Figure 4-3. Deuterium Lamp Cover and Bracket Assembly 4. Open the top cover of the spectrometer: 1. Remove the two securing screws; one on the left and one on the right. 2.
  • Page 95 Note: Do not attempt to make adjustments to the lamp bracket assembly. If there is indication that the alignment is not correct (e.g., low energy for the BG bar graph in the Align Lamps or Continuous Graphics windows), please contact your local PerkinElmer office. 4-13 0993-5255...

  • Page 96: Maintaining The Acetylene Supply

    System Maintenance Maintaining the acetylene supply W5.7 Warning: Acetylene – Explosion Hazard Acetylene can decompose explosively at pressures higher than 103 kPa / 1.03 bar / 15 psig.  Always make sure that the acetylene outlet gauge pressure is below this value.
  • Page 97 Parts and Supplies 5Parts and Supplies Marker for header Contents page Parts provided ..............Replacement parts .
  • Page 98 Parts and Supplies 0993-5255...

  • Page 99: Parts Provided

    Parts and Supplies Parts provided PerkinElmer reserves the right to alter the schedule of parts provided without prior notice. Qty. Item Part No. AAnalyst 700 atomic absorption spectrometer..B312-0082 Read cable........B312-1302 Special line cords .

  • Page 100: Replacement Parts

    If you are located within the U.S., call toll free 1-800-762-4002, 8 a.m. to – 8 p.m. EST. Your order will be shipped promptly, usually within 24 hours. If you are located outside of the U.S., call your local PerkinElmer sales or – service office.
  • Page 101 Laboratory Requirements 6Laboratory Requirements Marker for header Contents page Introduction ..............Operating conditions .
  • Page 102 Laboratory Requirements 0993-5255...

  • Page 103: Introduction

    Laboratory Requirements Introduction The AAnalyst 700 spectrometer has some special requirements that you must consider when setting up the laboratory. The laboratory must fulfil these requirements, described in this chapter, before you can operate the spectrometer correctly. Brochure no. L-301 – Preparing Your Laboratory for PerkinElmer Atomic Spectroscopy Instruments –...
  • Page 104 You must provide an efficient fume ventilation system to remove the fumes generated by the atomizer. The specification for a suitable system is described in brochure no. L-301 – Preparing Your Laboratory for PerkinElmer Atomic Spectroscopy Instruments. This brochure is available from PerkinElmer. Warning: Toxic Gases – Fume Ventilation System Without adequate ventilation, potentially toxic vapors can build up in the laboratory.

  • Page 105: Space Requirements For The Spectrometer System

    Laboratory Requirements Exhaust venting is important for the following reasons:  It will protect laboratory personnel and the instrument from toxic vapors, which may be produced by some samples.  It will minimize the effects of room drafts and the laboratory atmosphere on flame stability.
  • Page 106 Laboratory Requirements Fume ventilation Atomizer compartment door in open position Lamp compartment cover in open position Cooling system Figure 6-1. Space Requirements for the Spectrometer System (1) 0993-5255...
  • Page 107 Laboratory Requirements 1095 mm Atomizer Sample tray Furnace autosampler Figure 6-2. Space Requirements for the Spectrometer System (2) 0993-5255...

  • Page 108: Electrical Requirements

    Laboratory Requirements Electrical requirements The AAnalyst 700 spectrometer requires a stable electrical supply of 230 V, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, capable of delivering 20 A, that has a correctly wired protective earthing system (ground connection). The line power cable has a 3-pole connector (line + neutral + protective earth), conforming to IEC 309-2, rated for 20 A.

  • Page 109: Gas Supply Requirements

     The user must provide the gas supplies, regulators, connectors, and valves. A double-stage or heated regulator is recommended for nitrous oxide. Either the gas supplier or PerkinElmer can supply the correct regulators and valves.  You must be able to reach the on/off valves easily and see the pressure indicators.

  • Page 110: Burner Gases

    Laboratory Requirements Burner gases Two types of flame are commonly used for atomic absorption analyses with flame atomization: the air/acetylene flame and the nitrous oxide/acetylene flame. The specifications and requirements for the burner gases are given below: Table 6-1. Specifications and Requirements of the Burner Gases Purity Outlet Gauge Pressure psig...
  • Page 111 W5.9 Warning: Flashback Hazard PerkinElmer burner systems are designed for use with compressed air. The use of oxygen can cause an explosion in the burner system, and oxygen-enriched air can cause a flashback of the flame.  Never use oxygen or oxygen-enriched air with PerkinElmer burner systems.
  • Page 112 With a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame, the same size cylinder will last about 10 hours. Flash Arrestor: PerkinElmer recommends the use of the Flash Arrestor (P/N N930-0068). The flash arrestor provides a positive shutoff of gas by checking the reverse flow under all conditions.
  • Page 113 This can create erratic flame conditions or, in the most extreme case, a flashback. It is therefore advisable to use a regulator with a built-in heater. A heated nitrous oxide pressure regulator is available from PerkinElmer. 6-13 0993-5255...

  • Page 114: Furnace Gases

    Laboratory Requirements Furnace gases Inert gas The graphite furnace requires a supply of inert gas to prevent the tube and the analyte atoms from being oxidized when the tube is heated. Argon is the recommended inert gas. If you cannot obtain argon, you can use purified nitrogen, but nitrogen does not provide such efficient protection as argon at temperatures above 2000 °C.
  • Page 115 Laboratory Requirements Table 6-2. Specifications and Requirements of the Furnace Gases Max. Purity Outlet Gauge Pressure Flowrate psig L/min Argon 99.996% 50.0 58.0 Nitrogen 99.996% 50.0 58.0 Special particle free; 50.0 58.0 water free  Set the outlet gauge pressure for each gas to a value just below the maximum value (P ...

  • Page 116: Cooling The Spectrometer System

    Part Number: B019-8072 External cooling If you intend to run the spectrometer system without the PerkinElmer cooling system, you must connect another suitable source of cooling, such as the main water supply or a laboratory thermostat. If you connect the spectrometer system to the main water supply, make sure that the water pressure is as given in Table 6-3.
  • Page 117 Laboratory Requirements Unfiltered industrial water should not be used. A water hose kit with pressure relief valve is provided with the spectrometer system which you must permanently install in the water supply line to the system. This valve opens if the water pressure to the system exceeds 4 bar. This feature eliminates the risk of damage to the water hoses and hose fittings in the system through excess water pressure.

  • Page 118: Lamps

    This brochure is available from PerkinElmer. Computer and printer PerkinElmer offers a suitable computer for controlling the spectrometer and graphite furnace, and a suitable printer. Contact your local PerkinElmer office for more information. PerkinElmer cannot accept responsibility for incorrect functioning of the spectrometer system if you are not using the computer offered with the spectrometer by PerkinElmer.

  • Page 119: The Aanalyst 700 Spectrometer System

    The AAnalyst 700 Spectrometer System ........
  • Page 120 Spectrometer System Description 0993-5255...
  • Page 121 Spectrometer System Description The AAnalyst 700 Spectrometer System Concept The AAnalyst 700 spectrometer from PerkinElmer is a high performance atomic absorption spectrometer incorporating a burner system for flame atomization and a graphite furnace for electrothermal atomization. The spectrometer is capable of fully automatic single or multi-element analyses.

  • Page 122: The Optical System

    Spectrometer System Description System components The AAnalyst 700 is a compact benchtop spectrometer. The major components of the system are:  The spectrometer, containing the optical system, the electronics, and the atomizer compartment.  The burner system, mounted on a carriage that can be driven into and out of the atomizer compartment by software command (see ‘Burner design’...
  • Page 123 Spectrometer System Description Accessories PerkinElmer offers autosamplers for operation with the burner system, flow injection systems, diluters, and much more. Please contact your local PerkinElmer office to obtain more information. 0993-5255...
  • Page 124 Spectrometer System Description The optical system The AAnalyst 700 uses a double-beam optical system as depicted in Figure 7-1. Front-surfaced, reflecting optical components are used throughout. The mirror surfaces are coated with silica for durability. The lamp compartment has positions for up to eight spectral sources. The radiation from the requested source lamp is reflected by a movable mirror into the optical path.
  • Page 125 Spectrometer System Description Deuterium lamp Slits Detector Collimating mirror Movable mirror Reference beam Grating Beam splitter Fiber optic Atomizer Lamp holder with positions for Sample up to 8 source beam lamps Figure 7-1. Optical System 0993-5255...

  • Page 126: Switches And Connectors On The Spectrometer

    Spectrometer System Description Switches and connectors on the spectrometer Operational on/off switches Operational Accessory on/off switch ports Figure 7-2. Switches and Ports on the Front Panel Spectrometer You normally switch the system on and off with the operational on/off switch on the front panel of the spectrometer.
  • Page 127 Spectrometer System Description Cooling system Cooling System The (optional) cooling system requires a 230 V line power supply, which is supplied and controlled from the spectrometer. A special line power cord is provided for this purpose. Do not connect the cooling system to an external power source.
  • Page 128 Spectrometer System Description Electrical connectors and controls on the rear panel Item Designation Function Socket for a read cable to an external instrument to Instrument activate a read cycle. Communication Socket for the communication cable connecting the spectrometer to the computer. Cooling System Power outlet for the (optional) cooling system.
  • Page 129 Spectrometer System Description Furnace Gases In stru me nt Communic ation G a z du Fo ur O f e n ga s e 23 0 V 23 0 V 23 0 V mi n kP a 50 /60 Hz 50 /60 Hz 50 /60 Hz Ar / N...
  • Page 130 Spectrometer System Description The gas and cooling connectors Item Designation Function Furnace Cooling Fitting for connection of the cooling water inlet hose to the spectrometer. Fitting for connection of the cooling water outlet hose from the spectrometer. Furnace Gases Ar/N Connector for the connection of the normal gas supply to the furnace (argon or nitrogen).
  • Page 131 Spectrometer System Description Instrument Communication Furnace Gases Gaz du Four Ofengase 230 V 230 V 230 V 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz Ar / N 50.0 58.0 psig Normal Gas Special Gas Gaz Norm al Gaz Spécial 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

  • Page 132: Technical Data

    Spectrometer System Description Technical data Principle Atomic absorption spectrometer. Computer controlled, using a special application program running under a graphical user interface. Real-time double-beam, all-reflecting optical system. Front-surfaced optics protected by a silica coating. AC modulated spectral line sources. Monochromator Littrow configuration grating monochromator. Grating: ruled area: 64 mm x 72 mm, 1800 lines/mm blaze wavelengths: 236 nm and 597 nm...
  • Page 133 Spectrometer System Description Signal handling Time average, peak average, peak height, peak area. Measurement ranges: absorbance: –0.5 to 2.000 concentration: 0.00001 to 9999 concentration units expansion factor: 0.01 to 100 read time: 1 to 60 s read delay: 0 to 60 s Calibration Automatic zeroing, resloping, and recalibration.
  • Page 134 Spectrometer System Description Electrical As defined in EN 61010-1-1993 (IEC 1010-1): protection Insulation: Class I Insulation category (overvoltage category): II Pollution degree: 2 Safety standards As defined in EN 61010-1-1993 (IEC 1010-1: 1990 + A1 + A2) and EN 61010-2-061:1996. CSA standards: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.

  • Page 135: Translations Of Warnings

    Translations of Warnings 8Translations of Warnings Marker for header Contents page Translations of Warnings ............Symbols used on the instrument .
  • Page 136 Translations of Warnings 0993-5255...
  • Page 137 Translations of Warnings Translations of Warnings This section contains translations of the safety conventions and warnings used in this guide. dansk Oversættelser af advarsler Denne del indeholder oversættelserne af de advarsler, som er indeholdt i denne håndbog. Deutsch Übersetzungen der Warnungen Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Übersetzungen der in diesem Handbuch verwendeten Warnungen.
  • Page 138 Translations of Warnings This symbol alerts you to situations that could result in personal injury to yourself or other persons. Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one. dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på situationer, som kan medføre kvæstelser af Dem selv eller andre personer.
  • Page 139 Translations of Warnings This symbol alerts you to the risk of electric shock that could result in personal injury to yourself or other persons. Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one. dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på risikoen for elektrisk stød, som kan medføre kvæstelser af Dem selv eller andre personer.
  • Page 140 Translations of Warnings This symbol alerts you to the risk of hot surfaces that could cause personal injury to yourself or other persons. Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one. dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på risikoen for varme overflader, som kan medføre kvæstelser af Dem selv eller andre personer.
  • Page 141 Translations of Warnings This symbol alerts you to the risk of ultraviolet radiation that could cause eye damage to yourself or other persons. Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one. dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på risikoen for ultraviolet stråling, som kan medføre ødelæggelse af øjnene for Dem selv eller andre personer.
  • Page 142 Translations of Warnings Caution: The term CAUTION alerts you to situations that could result in serious damage to the instrument or other equipment. Details about these circumstances are described in a message similar to this one. Bemærk: dansk Angivelsen CAUTION (BEMÆRK) gør Dem opmærksom på situationer, som kan medføre alvorlig ødelæggelse af apparatet eller andet udstyr.
  • Page 143 Translations of Warnings = Caution (continued) italiano Attenzione: Con il termine CAUTION (ATTENZIONE) vi si mette in guardia da situazioni che possono comportare il serio danneggiamento della strumentazione o di altre apparecchiature. Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo. Nederlands Let op: De term CAUTION (LET OP) maakt U attent op situaties die tot ernstige beschadigingen aan het instrument of andere apparaten kunnen leiden.
  • Page 144 Fachkräften ausgeführt werden. español Advertencia: Ajustes y servicios sin autorización Tan sólo un ingeniero de Servicio Técnico de PerkinElmer o una persona de formación y autorización similares podrán realizar trabajos de revisión y mantenimiento del instrumento.
  • Page 145 Non provare ad eseguire regolazioni, sostituzioni, riparazioni o modifiche a questo strumento se non come descritto nella documentazione allegata allo strumento. Nederlands Waarschuwing: Ongeautoriseerde aanpassingen en service Alleen een PerkinElmer service-monteur of een gelijksoortig opgeleid en geautoriseerd persoon mag service verlenen aan het instrument. •...
  • Page 146 Translations of Warnings 8-12 0993-5255...
  • Page 147 Translations of Warnings W1.3 Warning: Explosive Atmosphere This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive atmosphere. dansk Advarsel: Eksplosive omgivelser Dette apparat er ikke konstrueret til brug i eksplosive omgivelser. Deutsch Warnung: Explosionsfähige Atmosphären Das Gerät darf nicht in explosionsfähigen Atmosphären betrieben werden. español Advertencia: Atmósfera explosiva Este aparato no está...
  • Page 148 Translations of Warnings W1.4 Warning: Risk of injury through lifting The instrument weighs approximately 150 kg. Improper lifting can cause painful and sometimes permanent back injury. • Use proper lifting techniques to lift or move the instrument. dansk Advarsel: Risiko for kvæstelser ved at løfte Apparatet vejer omtrent 150 kg.
  • Page 149 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W1.4 italiano Pericolo: Rischio di infortunio in caso di sollevamento Lo strumento pesa all'incirca 150 kg. Se sollevato senza le dovute precauzioni è possibile che si causino dolorosi e permanenti infortuni alla schiena. • Muovere o sollevare lo strumento utilizzando le oopportune tecniche di sollevamento e di spostamento.
  • Page 150 Translations of Warnings W2.1 Warning: Electrical Hazard Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument or disconnection of the protective conductor (earth/ground) terminal is likely to make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. Lethal voltages are present in the instrument –...
  • Page 151 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W2.1 español Advertencia: Peligro eléctrico Cualquier interrupción del conductor de protección dentro o fuera del aparato, o la desconexión del terminal del mismo (toma de tierra) pueden ocasionar serios peligros al manejar el equipo. Prohibida la interrupción intencionada.
  • Page 152 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W2.1 Nederlands Waarschuwing: Risico’s door electriciteit Het instrument moet voor de werking altijd geaard zijn. In geen geval mag de aarding van het instrument of de netvoeding worden onderbroken of worden verwijderd. Er zijn dodelijke voltages in het instrument aanwezig –...
  • Page 153 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W2.1 suomea Varo: Vaarana sähkö Jos suojajohdin keskeytetään laitteen sisä- tai ulkopuolella tai suojajohtimen liitin (maadoitus) irrotetaan, laitteesta tulee vaarallinen. Suojajohtimen tahallinen keskeytys on kielletty. Laitteessa on hengenvaarallista jännitettä. – Vaikka pääkytkin olisikin kytketty pois päältä, laitteessa voi olla vielä paikoittain varautunutta verkkovirtajännitettä.
  • Page 154 Translations of Warnings W2.3 Warning: Electrical Hazard  To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the line power supply before you perform the procedures described below. dansk Advarsel: Fare på...
  • Page 155 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W2.3 italiano Pericolo: Rischio di folgorazione  Prima di procedere alle operazioni descritte sotto , per prevenire lesioni personali o danni allo strumento, spegnete tutti gli strumenti all'interno del sistema e scollegateli dall'alimentazione elettrica. Nederlands Waarschuwing: Risico’s door electriciteit ...
  • Page 156 Translations of Warnings W2.9 Warning: Electrical Hazard  Use only fuses with the correct current rating and of the specified type for replacement.  Do not use makeshift fuses and do not short-circuit the fuse holders. dansk Advarsel: Fare på grund af elektricitet ...
  • Page 157 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W2.9 italiano Pericolo: Rischio di folgorazione  Se necessario sostituirli, utilizzare esclusivamente fusibili di corretto tipo e valore.  Non utilizzare fusibili di fattura artigianale e non cortocircuitare i tienifusibili. Nederlands Waarschuwing: Risico’s door electriciteit ...
  • Page 158 Translations of Warnings W3.1 Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.  Do not gaze into a lighted lamp.  Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the radiation from the lamps.
  • Page 159 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W3.1 italiano Pericolo: Radiazioni UV – Rischio di lesioni agli occhi Le lampade possono emettere radiazioni UV che possono lesionare gli occhi.  Non guardare direttamente in una lampada accesa.  Se guardate una lampada accesa indossate sempre occhiali di sicurezza in grado di assorbire le radiazioni UV.
  • Page 160 Translations of Warnings W4.2 Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns The burner head can reach very high temperatures.  Do not touch the burner head until it has cooled to room temperature. dansk Advarsel: Høje temperaturer – Fare for forbrændinger Brænderhovedet kan opnå...
  • Page 161 Translations of Warnings W4.3 Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns The graphite furnace can generate very high temperatures.  Do not touch any parts of the furnace, especially the graphite components, until they have cooled to room temperature. dansk Advarsel: Høje temperaturer –...
  • Page 162 Translations of Warnings W5.7 Warning: Acetylene – Explosion Hazard Acetylene can decompose explosively at pressures higher than 103 kPa / 1.03 bar / 15 psig.  Always make sure that the acetylene outlet gauge pressure is below this value. dansk Advarsel: Acetylen –...
  • Page 163 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W5.7 italiano Pericolo: Acetilene – Pericolo di esplosione L'acetilene può decomporsi in maniera esplosiva a pressioni superiori a 103 kPa / 1.03 bar / 15 psig.  Assicuratevi sempre che la lancetta del manometro di uscita dell'acetilene rimanga al di sotto di tali valori.
  • Page 164 Translations of Warnings W5.9 Warning: Flashback Hazard PerkinElmer burner systems are designed for use with compressed air. The use of oxygen can cause an explosion in the burner system, and oxygen-enriched air can cause a flashback of the flame. ...
  • Page 165 Pericolo: Pericolo di ritorno di fiamma I sistemi di combustione della PerkinElmer sono concepiti per funzionare con aria compressa. L'uso di ossigeno può causare l'esplosione del sistema di combustione mentre aria arricchita di ossigeno può causare un violento ritorno di fiamma.
  • Page 166 Translations of Warnings W5.11 Warning: Acetylides – Fire and Explosion Hazard Unstable acetylides may form in the spray chamber when you aspirate silver, copper or mercury solutions into an air/acetylene flame. Acetylides can decompose explosively when allowed to dry.  Aspirate solution continuously to prevent residues from drying.
  • Page 167 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W5.11 italiano Pericolo: Acetiluri – Pericolo di incendio e di esplosione Acetiluri instabili possono formarsi nella camera di nebulizzazione se aspirate soluzioni di argento, rame o mercurio all'interno di una fiamma ad aria/acetilene. Se hanno la possibilità...
  • Page 168 Translations of Warnings W6.1 Warning: Toxic Gases If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN) will be produced when the furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.  Make sure that the main laboratory fume ventilation system removes all gases and fumes emitted by the furnace.
  • Page 169 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W6.1 italiano Pericolo: Gas tossici Se usate l'azoto quale gas inerte allora, quando il forno raggiunge temperature al di sopra di 2300 °C, si formerà del gas cianogeno tossico (CN)  Assicuratevi che l'impianto principale di estrazione fumi del laboratorio elimini tutti i gas e le esalazioni emesse dal forno.
  • Page 170 Translations of Warnings W6.5 Warning: Toxic Gases Cyanide solutions release toxic hydrogen cyanide gas when they come into contact with acids.  Before you aspirate cyanide solutions, make sure that the liquid in the drain system is alkaline – pH greater than 10 – to prevent toxic hydrogen cyanide gas from forming. dansk Advarsel: Giftig gas Cyanid-opløsninger frigør giftig cyanbrintegas, hvis de kommer i forbindelse med syrer.
  • Page 171 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W6.5 italiano Pericolo: Gas tossici Le soluzioni di cianuro emettono del tossico idrogenato di cianuro se esse vengono a contatto con degli acidi.  Prima di aspirare soluzioni di cianuro assicuratevi che il liquido nel sistema di drenaggio sia alcalino (pH maggiore di 10) per prevenire la formazione di tossico idrogenato di cianuro.
  • Page 172 Translations of Warnings W8.10 Warning: Hazardous Chemicals Some chemicals used with this instrument may be hazardous or may become hazardous after completion of an analysis.  The responsible body must take the necessary precautions to ensure that the surrounding workplace is safe and that instrument operators are not exposed to hazardous levels of toxic substances (chemical or biological) as defined in the applicable national, state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.
  • Page 173 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W8.10 français Danger: Produits chimiques dangereux Certains produits chimiques utilisés avec cet instrument peuvent être dangereux ou devenir dangereux une fois l'analyse terminée.  Les personnes responsables doivent prendre les précautions nécessaires pour garantir la sécurité des lieux de travail et s'assurer que les manipulateurs des instruments ne sont pas exposés à...
  • Page 174 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W8.10 português Aviso: Químicos perigosos Alguns dos químicos usados com este aparelho podem ser ou tornar-se perigosos depois de completada uma análise.  O responsável deve tomar as precauções necessárias para assegurar que o lugar de trabalho é...
  • Page 175 Translations of Warnings Definitions to the above warning (from IEC 1010-1): Responsible body: ‘individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.’ Operator: ‘person operating equipment for its intended purpose.’ dansk Definitioner af ovenstående advarsel (fra IEC 1010-1): Ansvarlige: ‘enkeltpersoner eller grupper af personer, som er ansvarlige for brugen og...
  • Page 176 Translations of Warnings = Definitions (continued) W2.1 italiano Definizioni per il pericolo sopraccitato (secondo IEC 1010-1): Persona responsabile: ‘Responsabile di gruppo o individuale per l'uso e la manutenzione dell'equipaggiamento e per il necessario addestramento del personale.’ Operatore: ‘Persona che comanda l'equipaggiamento per raggiungere l'obiettivo prepostosi.’...
  • Page 177 Translations of Warnings W9.1 Warning: Moving Parts – Risk of Injury Some moving parts of the instrument are accessible in normal operation.  Keep hands, clothing and other objects away from the moving parts of the instrument. dansk Advarsel: Bevægelige dele – Fare for kvæstelser Nogle af apparatets bevægelige dele er tilgængelige ved normal betjening.
  • Page 178 Translations of Warnings = Warning (continued) W9.1 italiano Pericolo: Parti in movimento – Pericolo di infortunio Alcune delle parti in movimento dello strumento sono accessibili anche durante il normale funzionamento.  Tenete le mani, gli indumenti e altri oggetti lontano dalle parti in movimento dello strumento.
  • Page 179 Translations of Warnings Symbols used on the instrument Any of the following symbols can be used on the instrument: dansk De markeringer, som benyttes på dette apparat Enhver af de følgende markeringer kan benyttes på apparatet: Deutsch Symbole am Gerät Eines der folgenden Symbole kann sich am Gerät befinden: español Pictogramas usadps en el equipo...
  • Page 180 Translations of Warnings This symbol indicates that there is a potential hazard and that the user must look in the guide for an explanation of the hazard and how to avoid it. dansk Dette symbol angiver, at der foreligger en mulig fare, og at brugeren skal se i håndbogen efter en forklaring på...
  • Page 181 Translations of Warnings This symbol indicates the risk of electric shock. dansk Dette symbol angiver risikoen for elektrisk stød. Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Gefahr durch elektrischen Strom. español Este símbolo indica la existencia de riesgo de electrocución. français Ce symbole indique un risque d'électrocution. italiano Questo simbolo indica il pericolo di folgorazione.
  • Page 182 Translations of Warnings This symbol indicates the off position of the circuit breaker. With the switch in this position, the instrument is disconnected entirely from the line power supply. dansk Dette symbol angiver kredsløbsafbryderens slukket-position. Når afbryderen står i denne position, er apparatet fuldstændigt skilt fra strømtilførslen.
  • Page 183 Translations of Warnings This symbol indicates the on position of the circuit breaker. With the switch in this position, the instrument is connected to the line power supply but is not necessarily switched on and operational. dansk Dette symbol angiver kredsløbsafbryderens tændt-position. Når afbryderen står i denne position, er apparatet forbundet med strømtilførslen, men ikke nødvendigvis tændt og driftsklart.
  • Page 184 Translations of Warnings This symbol indicates the operational on/off switch. dansk Dette symbol angiver betjenings-tændt/sluk-kontakt. Deutsch Dieses Symbol kennzeichnet den Bereitschaftsschalter. español Este símbolo indica el interruptor operacional con./desc. français Ce symbole représente l'interrupteur d'arrêt/marche. italiano Questo simbolo indica l'interruttore acceso/spento opzionale. Nederlands Dit symbool geeft de aan/uit schakelaar aan.
  • Page 185 Index In-1 0993-5255...
  • Page 186 Index In-2 0993-5255...
  • Page 187 Index connectors on the spectrometer AAnalyst 700 burner drain system cooling 7-12 concept 7-3 connecting 2-15 electrical 7-10 features 7-3 burner gases gas 7-12 system components 7-4 connecting 2-7 cooling system control 7-4 specifications and require- graphite furnace 6-16 technical data 7-14...
  • Page 188 Index flashbacks 1-20 heated regulator for nitrous oxide 6-13 fume ventilation 6-4 electrical components high temperatures 1-12 furnace autosampler maintaining 4-7 installing 2-15 hollow cathode lamps electrical connections 2-22 installing 3-8 furnace gas tubes electrical connectors 7-10 connecting 2-11 hygiene 1-8 electrical protection 1-27, 7-16 disconnecting 2-11 electrical requirements 6-8, 7-15...
  • Page 189 UV radiation 1-11 safety conventions 8-3 safety and EMC standards 1-28, symbols used on instrument parts and supplies 5-1 7-16 8-45 PerkinElmer service 4-3 safety conventions 1-3 warnings in guide 8-3 power requirements 7-15 translations 8-3 troubleshooting 4-3 see also symbols...
  • Page 190 Index warning markings on the instru- ment 1-30 warnings acetylene and copper 6-12 acetylene explosion hazard 6-12 acetylene pressure 6-12 air supply 6-11 nitrous oxide 6-13 warnings in guide translations 8-3 waste disposal contents of waste containers 1-10 defective lamps 1-10 water cooling 6-16 connecting 2-19 water hoses...
  • Page 191 If you are located within the U.S., call toll free 1-800-762-4002, 8 a.m. to – 8 p.m. EST. Your order will be shipped promptly, usually within 24 hours. If you are located outside of the U.S., call your local PerkinElmer sales or – service office.
  • Page 194 PerkinElmer Instruments 761 Main Avenue, Norwalk, CT 06859-0010, U.S.A., Tel: 1-800-762-4000 or 1-203-762-4000 Fax: 1-203-762-4050 Internet: http://www.perkinelmer.com Part Number 0993-5255 Release 5...

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