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yet, due to extensive programming sup-
port, he can easily apply his problem to
the System.
For one thing, he can write
problem solving programs without the
necessity of translating them into a
language understandable by the machine.
Once written, the operation of his pro-
gram is controlled or supervised by
Cperating System/360, relieving the
operator of many tasks and increasing
the utilization of the Computing
System/360.
OPERATING SYSTEM/360 CONCEPTS
•
Control programs allowing monitored
operation of a system have been
proven by experience to produce
optimum computer utilization.
•
Operating System/360 includes both
control programs, and IBM and user-
written processing programs.
•
Basic programming Support programs
will be provided for System/360
systems with 8R bytes of storage.
As stated previously, IBM's single
system approach with the System/360
recognizes that computing systems and
programming systems should be integrated
and not developed independently.
Experience in the past decade has proved
that the optimum method of producing
this result is with monitored operation.
Early monitors were designed to mini-
mize human intervention.
The new and
sophisticated control techniques includ-
ed in programming systems with the
System/36 0 extend its capabilities so
that the monitor and control functions
make up what is called an operating
system.
The basic purpose of Operating
System/360 is to permit the user to
solve problems and process information
effectively.
Included in Operating
System/360 are both processing and con-
trol programs.
Processing programs
include all application-oriented pro-
grams, including both IBM and user-
written.
For systems having 16K bytes of main
storage, basic control program functions
will be supplied with magnetic tapes or
direct access devices.
Additional
1-6
capability can be utilized as more main
storage is added.
For systems having 8K bytes of main
storage, programming systems is supply-
ing basic programming support programs,
which perform many of the functions of
operating systems, including control
functions.
Control Programs
•
Control programs perform functions
such as control of administrative
operations, job flow control,
Input/Output control, and program
execution control.
A basic key to achievement of high oper-
ating efficiency in a computing or data
processing installation is a good con-
trol procedure.
This procedure must
include many functions: administrative
control of job schedules, workflow, and
computer usage records; cqntrol over
data and program libraries; control over
computer operations; and control over
the flow of programs and data within the
computing system during Job rUns.
The control programs for the IBM
System/360 set up a comprehensive con-
trol framework to assist the user in
satisfying the above objectives.
The
control programs operate at various
levels of concept.
For example:
1.
Operations control of installation
and administration and workflOW,
including instructions from and to
the computer operator, administra-
tive records, logs of system opera-
tion, and control over library pro-
grams.
2.
Job flow control, including I/O
transition between jobs and job
segments, unit assignments, initial
loading and initialization when the
computer is first turned on, control
between jobs, and control over the
type of operation mode, ranging from
simple stacked jobs through telepro-
cessing systems performing concur-
rent ope.rations.
3.
Input/Output control, including
physical and logical control over
I/O records, files and units: buffer
control; teleprocessing terminal and
message handling; random access I/O
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