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Cylinder Leakage Testing
IMPORTANT: Refer to the Master Specifications for the firing order of the engine.
NOTE: Cylinder leakage testing, along with compression testing, can help pinpoint the source of a mechanical failure by gauging
the amount of leakage in a cylinder. Refer to the manufacturer's tester instructions for proper testing procedures.
Cylinder Leakage Tester
1.
Remove all of the spark plugs from cylinders except for cylinder #1.
2.
Rotate the engine clockwise until resistance is felt.
3.
Continue to rotate flywheel so the timing marks on the flywheel and cylinder block are in alignment. This will be the compression
stroke for cylinder #1.
4.
Remove the spark plug from cylinder #1.
5.
Complete the cylinder leak‑down test on the #1 spark plug hole.
6.
After testing cylinder #1, install a dial indicator on the next firing order sequence cylinder.
7.
Rotate the flywheel so the piston is at TDC.
8.
Complete the cylinder leak‑down test.
9.
Complete the procedure in sequence on the remaining cylinders.
Analysis
Due to standard tolerances and engine wear, no cylinder will maintain a 0% of leakage. It is important the cylinders have somewhat
consistent reading between them. Differences of 15–30% indicate excessive leakage. Larger engines have a larger percentage
of cylinder leakage than smaller engines.
If excessive leakage is present, check that the piston is at top dead center of its compression stroke. Leakage will occur if the
piston is below the exhaust port and the intake port.
To determine the cause of high percentage leaks, locate where the air is escaping from. Listen for air escaping through the intake
and exhaust.
Air Escaping from
Air induction
Exhaust system
Shipping of Hazardous Material (HazMat) and Engine/Components Containing
Hazardous Material
Outboard Service Bulletin 2008‑07
There are a number of United States regulations regarding the shipment of hazardous material. These regulations apply not only
to shipments within the United States, but to import and export shipments as well. It is important to comply with all of these
regulations. This bulletin is intended to provide you with some basic information about some of these regulations, and provide you
with information about resources from which you can obtain additional information. It is also intended to draw your attention to the
importance of proper packaging, labeling, and shipping of hazardous material; as well as any engine or engine component that
contains hazardous material like gasoline or other fluids such as crankcase oil, gearcase oil, and hydraulic fluid. There are also
requirements for training personnel that deal with the shipment of hazardous material. This bulletin is intended to draw your
attention to some of the shipping regulations that we are aware of that might apply to your business, it is not a complete review
of all of the laws and regulations that apply to the shipment of hazardous materials. Please do not treat it as such.
NOTE: You, as the shipper of record, are responsible for classification, packaging, hazard communication, incident reporting,
handling, and transportation of hazardous materials.
Overview of Regulations
The Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) specify requirements for the safe transportation of hazardous materials in commerce
by rail car, aircraft, vessel, and motor vehicle. These comprehensive regulations govern transportation‑related activities. In general,
the HMR prescribe requirements for classification, packaging, hazard communication, incident reporting, handling, and
transportation of hazardous materials. The HMR are enforced by Pipeline Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA),
Department of Transportation (DOT), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Federal
Railroad Administration (FRA), and the United States Coast Guard (USCG).
90-8M0050731 MAY 2011
Cylinder liner/piston damaged, carbon fouled rings, reed valve damaged
Cylinder liner/piston damaged, carbon fouled rings
Snap‑On EEPV309A
Possible Reason
General Information
Page 1C-15
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