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Section 3
15 - 1
Types of Fuel
Use good quality diesel fuel to get the correct power and
performance from your engine. The recommended fuel
specification for engines is given below.
Cetane Number: 45(minimum)
Viscosity:
2.5/4.5 centistokes at 40 ° C (104 ° F)
Density:
0.835/0.855 kg/litre
(0.872/0.904 lb/pint)
Sulphur:
0.5% of mass (maximum)
Distillation:
85% at 350 ° C (662 ° F)
Cetane Number
Indicates ignition performance. Fuel with a low cetane
number can cause cold start problems and affect
combustion.
Viscosity
Is the resistance to flow. If this is outside limits, the engine
performance can be affected.
Density
Lower density will reduce engine power. Higher density will
increase both engine power and exhaust smoke.
Sulphur
High sulphur content can cause engine wear. (High sulphur
fuel is not normally found in North America, Europe or
Australia.) If you have to use high sulphur fuel you must also
use a highly alkaline engine lubricating oil; or change the
normal oil more frequently.
Low sulphur fuels are commonly used throughout the world.
These fuels contain fewer lubrication additives. The fuel
injection pumps fitted to the engine (with exception of
160TW, Euro 1 engine) are lubricated by the fuel; therefore
using low sulphur fuel may, in the long term, affect the
pump.
If you have to use low sulphur fuel you are advised to use a
lubrication additive as recommended by your fuel supplier.
Distillation
This indicates the mixture of different hydrocarbons in the
fuel. A high ratio of lightweight hydrocarbons can affect the
combustion characteristics.
Fuel Standards
Consult your fuel supplier, JCB distributor about the
suitability of any fuel you are unsure of.
9803/3280
Routine Maintenance
Fuel System
Purchased from www.WorkshopManuals.co.uk
Low Temperature Fuels
Special winter fuels may be available for engine operation at
temperatures below 0° C (32° F). These fuels have a lower
viscosity. They also limit wax formation in the fuel at low
temperatures. (Wax forming in the fuel can stop the fuel
flowing through the filter.)
Flow improvers may also be available. These can be added
to the fuel to reduce wax formation.
Fatty Acid M ethyl Ester Fuels as a replacement for
Diesel Fuels
Fuel resources such as Rape Methyl Ester and Soybean
Methyl Ester, collectively known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
are being used as alternatives and extenders for mineral oil.
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters must conform to certain standards
to be of acceptable quality, just as mineral oils do at
present.
Consult your JCB distributor for advice about the use of
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester fuels, as improper application may
impair engine performance.
Petrol
! WARNING
Do not use petrol in this machine. Do not mix petrol with
the diesel fuel; in storage tanks the petrol will rise to the
top and form flammable vapours.
INT-3-1-6
Advice
If you have to use non-standard fuels, contact your JCB
distributor for advice on engine adjustments and oil change
periods.
! WARNING
Diesel fuel is flammable; keep naked flames away from
the machine. Do not smoke while refuelling the machine
or working on the engine. Do not refuel with the engine
running. There could be a fire and injury if you do not
follow these precautions.
INT-3-2-2
Section 3
15 - 1
Issue 1
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