GE D90 Plus Instruction Manual page 642
Line distance protection system
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Also See for D90 Plus:
- Instruction manual (688 pages) ,
- Communications manual (222 pages) ,
- Instruction manual (662 pages)
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THE D90
DISTANCE ELEMENTS
Quadrilateral reactance characteristic for directional applications
Table 15-3: Quadrilateral reactance characteristic angle calculation parameters
Element
AB phase element
BC phase element
CA phase element
A ground element
B ground element
C ground element
Reverse quadrilateral reactance characteristic for non-directional applications
Table 15-4: Reverse quadrilateral reactance characteristic angle calculation parameters
Element
AB phase element
BC phase element
CA phase element
A ground element
B ground element
C ground element
Directional characteristic
Table 15-5: Directional characteristic angle calculation parameters
Element
AB phase element
BC phase element
CA phase element
632
If the mho characteristic is selected, the limit angle of the comparator is adjustable
concurrently with the limit angle of the mho characteristic, resulting in a tent shape
complementing the lens characteristic being effectively applied.
The quadrilateral reactance characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between the
two values for the various phase and ground distance elements shown in the table below.
Value 1
(I
– I
) × Z – (V
– V
)
A
B
A
B
(I
– I
) × Z – (V
– V
)
B
C
B
C
(I
– I
) × Z – (V
– V
)
C
A
C
A
I
× Z + I_0 × K
× Z + I
× K
A
0
G
I
× Z + I_0 × K
× Z + I
× K
B
0
G
I
× Z + I_0 × K
× Z + I
× K
C
0
G
The ground elements are polarized from either zero-sequence or negative-sequence
current as per the programmed settings to maximize performance in non-homogeneous
systems. The polarizing current is additionally shifted by the user-programmable non-
homogeneity correction angle.
The reverse quadrilateral reactance characteristic is achieved by checking the angle
between the two values for the various phase and ground distance elements shown in the
table below.
Value 1
(I
– I
) × Z
– (V
– V
)
A
B
REV
A
B
(I
– I
) × Z
– (V
– V
)
B
C
REV
B
C
(I
– I
) × Z
– (V
– V
)
C
A
REV
C
A
I
× Z
+ I_0 × K
× Z
+ I
A
REV
0
REV
G
I
× Z
+ I_0 × K
× Z
+ I
B
REV
0
REV
G
I
× Z
+ I_0 × K
× Z
+ I
C
REV
0
REV
G
The ground elements are polarized from either zero-sequence or negative-sequence
current as per the programmed settings to maximize performance in non-homogeneous
systems. The polarizing current is additionally shifted by the user-programmable non-
homogeneity correction angle.
The directional characteristic is achieved by checking the angle between the two values
for the various phase and ground distance elements shown in the table below.
Value 1
(I
– I
) × Z
A
B
D
(I
– I
) × Z
B
C
D
(I
– I
) × Z
C
A
D
× Z – V
0M
A
× Z – V
0M
B
× Z – V
0M
C
× K
× Z
– V
0M
REV
A
× K
× Z
– V
0M
REV
B
× K
× Z
– V
0M
REV
C
Value 2
(V
(V
(V
PLUS
D90
LINE DISTANCE PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER 15: THEORY OF OPERATION
Value 2
(I
– I
) × Z
A
B
(I
– I
) × Z
B
C
(I
– I
) × Z
C
A
jΘ
(j × I_0 or j × I_2A) × e
jΘ
(j × I_0 or j × I_2B) × e
jΘ
(j × I_0 or j × I_2C) × e
Value 2
(I
– I
) × Z
A
B
REV
(I
– I
) × Z
B
C
REV
(I
– I
) × Z
C
A
REV
j(180° + Θ)
(j × I_0 or j × I_2A) × e
j(180° + Θ)
(j × I_0 or j × I_2B) × e
j(180° + Θ)
(j × I_0 or j × I_2C) × e
– V
)_1M
A
B
– V
)_1M
B
C
– V
)_1M
C
A
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