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Tektronix SPECMON3 Manual

Tektronix SPECMON3 Manual

Real-time spectrum analyzer

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SPECMON3 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer

SPECMON6 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer

ZZZ

Printable Help

*P077074000*

077-0740-00

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Page 1 SPECMON3 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer SPECMON6 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Printable Help *P077074000* 077-0740-00...
Page 3 SPECMON3 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer SPECMON6 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Printable Help www.tektronix.com 077-0740-00...
Page 4 Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material.
Page 5: Table Of Contents
Rear-Panel Connectors.................... Setting Up Network Connections ................Operating Your Instrument Restoring Default Settings..................Running Alignments ....................Presets....................... Setting Options..................... Operating System Restore ..................Using the Measurement Displays Selecting Displays ....................Taking Measurements Measurements Available Measurements ..................SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 6 RF I & Q vs Time Settings................. Common Controls for General Signal Viewing Displays General Signal Viewing Shared Measurement Settings ..........Analog Modulation Overview ......................AM Display ....................AM Settings ....................FM Display ....................FM Settings....................PM Display ....................PM Settings....................SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 7 RF Measurements Shared Measurement Settings ............OFDM Analysis Overview ......................OFDM Chan Response OFDM Channel Response Display ............... OFDM Channel Response Settings ............... OFDM Constellation OFDM Constellation Display ................OFDM Constellation Settings ................OFDM EVM SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 8 Pulse Statistics Settings ..................Common Controls for Pulsed RF Displays Pulsed RF Shared Measurement Settings ..............Audio Analysis Overview ......................Audio Spectrum Audio Spectrum Display ................... Audio Spectrum Settings................... Audio Summary Audio Summary Display................... Audio Summary Settings .................. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 9 Trellis Diagram Display..................Trellis Diagram Settings ................... Common Controls for GP Digital Modulation Displays GP Digital Modulation Shared Measurement Settings ..........Standard Settings Button................... Symbol Maps Symbol Maps....................User Filters Overview: User Deﬁned Measurement and Reference Filters......... SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 10 Spectrum Time Tab ..................Frequency Tab....................Units Tab..................... Analyzing Data Using Replay Replay Overview ................... Replay Menu ....................Acq Data ..................... DPX Spectra....................Replay All Selected Records ................Replay Current Record ..................Replay from Selected..................Pause ......................SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 11 Online Help ...................... About the Tektronix RTSA ..................Connecting Signals Conﬁgure In/Out Settings.................. Connecting an RF Signal .................. Connecting a Signal Using a TekConnect Probe ............Connecting External Trigger Signals ..............Digital I/Q Output ..................SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 12 Displaying the Windows Event Viewer ..............Dealing with Sluggish Instrument Operation ............On/Standby Switch On/Standby Switch ..................Upgrading the Instrument Software How to Find Out If Instrument Software Upgrades Are Available........Changing Settings Settings....................... Glossary Index viii SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 13: Welcome
Spectrum Analyzers. This help contains the most complete descriptions of how to use the analyzer. For a shorter introduction to the Signal Analyzer, refer to the SPECMON3 Real Time Signal Analyzer and SPECMON6 Series Real-Time Signal Analyzer Quick Start User Manual. To see tutorial examples of how to use your analyzer to take measurements in different application areas, refer to the SPECMON3 Real Time Spectrum Analyzer and SPECMON6 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Application Examples Reference.
Page 14 Welcome Welcome SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 15: About Tektronix Analyzers
Once a problem is discovered with DPX, the Tektronix Analyzers can be set to trigger on the event, capture a continuous time record of changing RF events and perform time-correlated analysis in all domains. You get the functionality of a wideband vector signal analyzer, a spectrum analyzer and the unique trigger-capture-analyze capability of a Real-Time Analyzer –...
Page 16: Product Software
Windows 7 installations, you can install other compatible applications, but the installation and use of non-Tektronix software is not supported by Tektronix. If you need to reinstall the operating system, follow the procedure in the Restoring the Operating System chapter in the SPECMON3 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer and SPECMON6 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Quick Start User Manual (Tektronix part number 071-3064-XX, English).
Page 17 SPECMON3 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer and SPECMON6 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Declassiﬁcation and Security Instructions manual PDF, Tektronix part number 077-0754-XX RSA5100A Series and SPECMON Series Service Manual PDF, Tektronix part number 077-0755-XX SPECMON3 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer and SPECMON6 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer...
Page 18: Recommended Accessories
About Tektronix Analyzers Recommended Accessories India - Option A11, Tektronix part number 161-0324-00 No power cord or AC adapter - Option A99 Optical Wheel Mouse Product Software CD Recommended Accessories The recommended accessories for the SPECMON Series instruments are shown in the following table. For...
Page 19: Options
Options To view a listing of the software options installed on your instrument, select Help > About Your Tektronix Real-Time Analyzer. There is a label on the rear-panel of the instrument that lists installed hardware options. Options can be added to your instrument. For the latest information on available option upgrades, see Tektronix Web site.
Page 20 About Tektronix Analyzers Documentation SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 21: Orientation
1 mA). Trig In External Trigger input connector, –2.5 V to +2.5 V (user settable). USB 2.0 USB 2.0 connector. USB 2.0 USB 2.0 connector. RF Input RF input connector 50 Ω. Front-Panel Controls SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 22 General Signal Viewing displays. Amplitude Opens/closes the Amplitude control Setup > Amplitude panel. BW (Spectrum) Press to adjust the bandwidth or press and hold to display the BW control panel for the General Signal Viewing displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 23 Deletes the selected marker Delete, (Markers section) Add, (Markers Add a marker to the selected trace section) Replay Replays the current acquisition record Single Sets the Run mode to Single Sequence SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 24 Setup > More Presets > DPX DPX Preset values. User Sets the instrument to the selected Setup > More Presets > User User Preset values. Preset Returns the instrument to the default Setup > Preset or preset values. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 25: Touch Screen
To use the Touch-screen Actions menu, touch the display in a graph area and hold for one second, then remove your ﬁnger. You can also use a mouse to display the Touch-screen Action menu by clicking the right mouse button. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 26 Use to visually deﬁne trigger parameters in the DPX display (present only in the DPX Spectrum display). Touch-Screen Menu for Spurious Display The Touch-screen actions menu in the Spurious display has some minor changes compared to the standard version used in other displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 27: Elements Of The Display
Multi on the Settings > Parameters tab. Marker -> Sel Spur Moves the selected marker to the selected spur. Elements of the Display The main areas of the application window are shown in the following ﬁgure. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 28 Orientation Elements of the Display Speciﬁc elements of the display are shown in the following ﬁgure. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 29 Orientation Elements of the Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 30 ﬁles. Save Opens the Save As dialog in order to save setup ﬁles, pictures (screen captures), acquisition data ﬁles, or export measurement settings or acquisition data. Preset Recalls the Preset (Main) (see page 402) preset. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 31: Rear-Panel Connectors
Because the instrument is based on Windows, you conﬁgure network connections for the instrument the same way you would for any PC based on Windows. See Help and Support in the Windows Start menu to access the Windows Help System for information on setting up network connections. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 32 Orientation Setting Up Network Connections SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 33: Operating Your Instrument
2. Select the Align Now button. The signal analyzer will run an alignment procedure. Status messages are displayed while the alignment procedure is running. If the instrument fails the alignment procedure, an error message will be displayed. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 34: Presets
Alignments are adjustment procedures run by the instrument using internal reference signals and measurements. Calibrations can only be performed at a Tektronix service center and require the use of traceable test equipment (signal sources and measuring equipment) to verify the performance of the instrument.
Page 35 Signal Quality: Shows a summary of modulation quality measurements (EVM, rho, Magnitude Error, Phase Error, and others). Constellation: Shows the I and Q information of the signal analyzed in an I vs. Q format. Symbol Table: Shows the demodulated symbols of the signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 36 Measurement Bandwidth: This is set to the maximum real-time bandwidth of the instrument (25 MHz in a SPECMON3, 85 MHz in SPECMON6, and 110 MHz in instruments with Option 110). Note: The label on the “Measurement Bandwidth” setting is just “Bandwidth”. Like the main instrument Preset command and the other application presets, the Pulse Analysis application preset also sets most other instrument controls to default values.
Page 37 The analysis period is set to 5 ms. To use the Time-Frequency Analysis preset (assuming that Time-Frequency Analysis is the selected preset on the list of Application Presets and Preset action is set to Recall selected preset): SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 38 2. Select the Preset type from the drop-down list that you want to conﬁgure. For each type listed there are unique presets that appear in the Presets box. 3. Select the Preset action from the drop-down list. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 39: Setting Options
DPX preset type, press the DPX button. Setting Options Menu Bar: Tools > Options There are several settings you can change that are not related to measurement functions. The Option settings control panel is used to change these settings. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 40 The Analysis Time tab in the Options control panel is used to specify the method used to automatically set the analysis and spectrum offsets when the Time Zero Reference (see page 349) is set to Trigger. The available settings are: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 41 When selected, this setting causes makers to automatically jump to the next peak (see page 338) when you drag them. When this setting is deselected, you can drag a marker to any point on the trace. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 42: Operating System Restore
4. In the Conﬁrmation dialog box, click Yes to restore the instrument operating system, or No to exit the restore process. The restore process takes approximately 30 minutes; the actual time depends on the instrument conﬁguration. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 43: Selecting Displays
Different displays can require different settings, for example acquisition bandwidth, analysis length, or resolution bandwidth, to achieve optimum results. The application automatically adjusts some settings to optimize them for the selected display. The check mark indicator in the upper, left-hand corner of the SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 44 Using the Measurement Displays Selecting Displays display indicates the display for which the application is optimized. Depending on application settings, some displays might stop displaying results if they are not the selected display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 45: Taking Measurements
(located in the CCDF display). CCDF The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF). CCDF shows how much time a signal spends at or above a given power level relative to the average power of a measured signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 46 Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 47 Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 48 Total AM value, which is equal to the peak-peak AM value divided by 2. Measurements for FM modulation Measurement Description Positive peak frequency deviation. –Pk Negative peak frequency deviation. RMS value of the frequency deviation. Pk-Pk/2 Peak-to-peak frequency deviation divided by 2. Pk-Pk Peak-to-peak frequency deviation. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 49 The Overshoot measurement expressed in dB. Pulse-Pulse Phase Difference The phase difference between the selected pulse and the ﬁrst pulse in the analysis window. The instantaneous phase is measured at a user-adjustable time following the rising edge of each pulse. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 50 Impulse Response Time The difference in time between the main lobe and highest side lobe. Time This is the time in seconds relative to the time reference point in the ﬁrst acquisition record in the data set. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 51: General Signal Viewing
But during the time the pulse is off, the sweeping signal is detected and shown in its true form. Both signals are visible in the bitmap because at least one full cycle of their activities occurs within a single DPX display update. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 52 DPX display (Figure 3). The signal captured is a typical WLAN interchange between a nearby PC and a more-distant network access point (AP). The laptop signal is nearly 30 dB stronger than the AP's signal because it is closer to the measuring antenna. Figure 2 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 53 Density (instruments without Option 200 provide hit count as the z-axis value in place of Density). A multi-stage process, shown in Figures 4a - 4d, creates this bitmap, starting with analog-to-digital conversion of the input signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 54 Overlapped processing is used to improve minimum event duration performance. Table 1: Minimum FFT length versus trace length – independent of span and RBW (RSA6100B Series and RSA5100A Series with Option 200) Trace length (points) Minimum FFT length 1,024 2,401 4,096 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 55 DPX display along with the bitmap. Even at their slowest, spectral transforms are performed orders of magnitude faster than a physical display can respond, and also too fast for humans to see, so there's no SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 56 Figure 6. Example Color-mapping algorithm The result of coloring the database cells, Figure 7, according to the number of times they were written into by the nine spectrums, one per pixel on the screen, creates the DPX displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 57 The signals used to create this bitmap are fairly diffused in both frequency and amplitude, so most pixels have low occurrence counts or density values and the upper half of the color palette is unused. Figure 8. DPX spectrum bitmap with default color scale settings. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 58 Curve control set to 1 in the Scale tab, shown in Figure 11, the mapping between color and density is linear, so the colors spread evenly across the full density range. The color distribution is visible in the colored palette illustration to the left of the Curve control in the Settings panel. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 59 DPX Spectrum is not limited in span by its real-time bandwidth. Like the regular Spectrum display, DPX Spectrum steps through multiple real-time frequency segments, building a wide-span display with line traces and the bitmap (instruments with Option 200). See Figure 14. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 60 DPX spends in each segment. This control, circled in Figure 15, can be set between 50 ms and 100 seconds. Figure 15. During swept DPX operation, the Dwell time control adjusts the observation time of each frequency segment used to construct the composite DPX display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 61 RSAs, on the other hand, capture data across all frequencies within their real-time span during every acquisition. With Tektronix' exclusive Frequency Mask trigger and DPX Density trigger, POI increases to 100%, insuring capture of any spectral event matching the trigger deﬁnition. When operating in free run as a simple signal analyzer, the RSA has a POI similar to other FFT-based analyzers, with gaps between each acquisition.
Page 62 It is obvious at ﬁrst glance that the signal is hopping by about 3 MHz, with 1.2 MHz of frequency overshoot on transitions Figure 17. The DPX spectrum display after 5 seconds. The MaxHold trace is cyan. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 63 24 counts has a 48% density. In practice, instead of batches of 50 waveforms, we collect a frame of thousands of waveforms before each update to the density bitmap. Figure 18. Grid showing cell counts after 50 waveforms. For each column, the sum of z-axis values is 50. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 64 Figure 20 shows the Density, Amplitude, and Frequency for the pixel you selected with the marker. By adding additional markers, you can measure the signal density differences between multiple signals of interest. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 65 Assume that Density Threshold is set to 5% and Density Excursion to 5% also. Starting with x=1 in the bar chart, test each bar against the threshold. The threshold criteria is met at x=2. Keep testing until you SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 66 DPX marker searches. Smoothing keeps the marker from ﬁnding multiple peaks within the same apparent signal by averaging an adjustable number of pixel densities together, but it does not affect the single-pixel measurement readout displayed by the marker. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 67 As you can see on the left-hand side, no amplitudes exist above or below the box; the density of the signal is 100%. On the right hand side, there are signals below the box, therefore the density is less than 100%. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 68 Persistence Previous sections of this topic have assumed that persistence was not applied to the DPX bitmap. Without persistence, hit counts in the grid are cleared after each frame update. Now we will describe how SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 69 ON time always falls entirely within a single DPX frame update (50 ms). If persistence is not applied, the density measurement is computed on each individual frame. The results will be 20% for each frame containing the ON time and 0% for the other frames. If inﬁnite persistence SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 70 With straight-line mapping between density and color (Curve setting of 1), resolution is ﬁxed by the number of colors in the palette. For non-linear mappings (Curve settings higher or lower than 1), most SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 71 As shown in Figure 29, the DPX Density trigger can discriminate signals within a precise amplitude-frequency range without the operator having to know any characteristics of the target signal besides where it might show up in the DPX Spectrum graph. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 72 Trigger On This, the threshold value will be even lower. If you clicked in a part of the display with no signal activity at all, the threshold will be set to zero. Any signal that shows up here will ﬁre the trigger, as shown in Figure 32. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 73 CW, you can set the trigger controls to acquire when the density measurement of the signal peak drops below 100%. When using the “lower than” form of the DPX Density trigger, the time resolution is SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 74: Dpx Display Overview
The DPX display can plot the trace in the following views: To display a DPX view: 1. From the Folders box, select General Signal Viewing. 2. Select DPX from the Available displays box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 75 3. Click the Add button. This will add the DPX icon to the Selected Displays box (and remove it from the Available displays box). 4. Click the OK button. This displays the DPX Spectrum view. DPX Split View Elements of the DPX Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 76 Selects a trace. Touching here pops up a context menu listing the available traces, whether they are enabled or not. If user selects a trace that is not currently enabled, it will be made enabled. Additional Elements of the DPXogram Split Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 77 For 801-point spectra, 60,000 underlying spectra can be collected. The number of 2401-point spectra collected is 20,000, and for 4001-point spectra the number is 12,000. When the limit is reached, the oldest spectra are discarded as newer spectra are captured. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 78 You can see whether a trace is enabled by looking at its Show check box. The "selected trace" is selected in the Trace list. The Show check box is checked when the selected trace is enabled. To the right of the SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 79 To change how the traces are displayed: 1. Select Setup > Settings or click the Settings button. 2. Select the Traces tab. 3. Select the trace type from the drop-down list. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 80 The vertical scaling on the display does not affect the measurement. The measurement is also unaffected by trigger settings. The 16k symbol/second rate has a tolerance of ±10ppm. The data patterns supported are PRBS-9, PRBS-11, PRBS-15, and User. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 81 For a User pattern, the measurement starts after the synchronization pattern has been seen, so the synchronization pattern symbols are not included as part of the symbol count, although they are included in the pattern length. To measure Tx BER, see Tx BER Tab (see page 83). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 82: Dpx Settings
Speciﬁes location and size for the DPX Density measurement box. (Spectrum display only; instruments with Option 200 only) Tx BER Tab (see page 83) Speciﬁes BER testing parameters. (Frequency plot only). Audio Demod (see page 86) Enables and sets parameters for audio demodulation function. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 83 Select Roll to scroll the trace as points are added at the right side of the graph. When Roll is selected, the trace moves to the left as points are added to the trace at the right side of the graph. None Select None to display the trace without motion. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 84 Traces tab for the DPX display has two versions: one for the DPX Bitmap trace (described in this topic) and one for line traces (see page 75). Traces tab – Bitmap trace (Instruments with Option 200) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 85 Dot Persistence is the characteristic of the DPX display that determines how long a pixel in the display remains visible. To set the Persistence: 1. Select Setup > Settings. 2. Select the Traces tab. 3. Select Dot Persistence. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 86 You can recall a previously saved trace for comparison to a live trace. First, specify a trace for recall and second, enable Show Recalled Trace. To select a trace for recall: 1. Select the ... button to display the Open dialog box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 87 = Average. Detection Trace Detection occurs when the trace is being decimated by the measurement. For example, if the maximum number of trace points is 100,000, and the selected analysis region is 200,000 samples, the SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 88 10%. When Count is not checked, the algorithm assumes the maximum number of traces contributing to the average is Saving Traces To save a trace for later analysis: 1. Select the Save Trace As button. This displays the Save As dialog box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 89 3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 4. Verify that the trace's Show check box is selected (either on this tab or next to the drop-down list located at the top-left corner of the graph). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 90 Controls the horizontal position and scale of the trace display. Scale Changes the horizontal scale. Position Adjusts the horizontal position of the signal. This does not change the center frequency. Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 91 1) or the mapping can be set to show the best resolution on the upper range of density or hit count (Curve < 1). Auto Color Adjusts the Max and Min settings to display the broadest range of colors. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 92 Displays a drop-down list that allows you to set the color scheme used for the DPXogram trace. Sets the power level represented by the top of the color scale. Sets the power level represented by the bottom of the color scale. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 93 Position Sets the frequency displayed at the center of the graph. Changing this value does not change the Frequency setting. Autoscale Sets the frequency scale to the Spectrogram Span value. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 94 Speciﬁes the frequency at the center of the measurement box. The +/- value speciﬁes the width of the measurement box. Amplitude Speciﬁes the amplitude of the center of the measurement box. The +/- value speciﬁes the height of the measurement box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 95 10. Set the RBW, at the left side of the display, so that it is high enough to pass the full frequency deviation of the modulated signal. 11. Click the Enable BER checkbox so that it is checked. When you enable BER testing, the Tx BER readout will appear. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 96 The keywords are case insensitive. Keyword Value Description — [parameters] Parameters group Radix Hex, binary Specify if the symbols are in hex or binary format. For example, the symbol data is: 4A (Hex), 01001010 (Binary) — [Trace] Symbol group SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 97 Active state. If the pattern is repeating, the circuit stays in the Active state. If the pattern is not repeating, after one time through the symbols, the Done state is entered. The following text is an example of the content of a User Pattern ﬁle. [Parameters] Radix,Hex [Trace] NumberSymbols,16 NumberSyncSymbols,1 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 98 (either the front-panel knob or the Freq control in the application). To use a marker to specify the frequency to be demodulated: 1. Select Markers > Deﬁne Markers to display the Deﬁne Markers control panel. 2. Select Add to turn on the next marker. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 99 In this case, the upper and lower limits of the Receiver BW exceed the upper and lower limits of the acquisition bandwidth. When this occurs, audio demodulation will be disabled and an error message is displayed. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 100: Time Overview Display
Length is the period of time within the acquisition record over which all other measurements (such as Amplitude vs. Time) are made. The Spectrum Length and Analysis Length can be locked together so that the data used to produce the Spectrum display is also used for measurement displays; however, they SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 101 General Signal Viewing Time Overview Display do not have to be tied together. They are by default speciﬁed separately and used to analyze different parts of the acquisition record. Elements of the Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 102: Time Overview Settings
NOTE. The area with black background (not gray) in the Amplitude vs. Time Graph highlights the control selected in the Analysis Time Control drop-down list. Changing the Time Overview Display Settings (see page 90) Time Overview Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel : Settings Application Toolbar: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 103 Length set to ‘Auto’ in the Analysis menu, the instrument analyzes just enough samples to produce one IQ sample pair per trace point. In this case, the detection method chosen has very little effect, as the SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 104 Saving Traces To save a trace for later analysis: 1. Select the Save icon . This displays the Save As dialog box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 105 5. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 6. Verify that the trace's Show check box is selected (either on this tab or next to the drop-down list located at the top-left corner of the graph). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 106: Spectrum Display
Selected displays box (and removes it from the Available displays box). Alternatively, you can click the Spectrum icon and then click the Add button to select Spectrum for display. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the Spectrum Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 107: Spectrum Settings
Touch and drag a marker Changes marker position to the "drop point". Changing the Spectrum Display Settings (see page 95) Spectrum Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 108 Allows you pan the graph. Autoscale Resets Scale to the Span setting. Reset Scale Resets all settings to their default values. Log scale Resets the display to show the frequency axis in a logarithmic scale. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 109: Spectrogram Display
3. Double-click the Spectrogram icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Spectrogram icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the spectrogram view. 5. To display a 3-D version of the spectrogram, select the 3-D checkbox. Elements of the Spectrogram Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 110 Pos setting. Selected indicator This inverse-colored line indicates the Spectrogram line that will appear in the Spectrum display when the Spectrogram trace is enabled. This line is attached to the selected marker. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 111: Spectrogram Settings
Changing the Spectrogram Display Settings (see page 99 ) Spectrogram Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The Setup settings for the Spectrogram display are visible when Spectrogram is the selected display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 112 Displays the time at the Selected Line. If Markers are enabled, the selected line is positioned by the selected marker. If no markers are enabled, the selected line is the ﬁrst line in the current analysis period. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 113 Time & Freq Scale Tab The Time and Freq Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings, enable the 3-D Waterfall display, and set the color scheme used for the spectrogram trace. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 114 125,000 lines. With standard memory installed in the instrument, the maximum number of lines you can capture is 31,250. During each line's collection period, spectrum transforms are computed for each acquisition taken by the instrument. As each transform completes, it is incorporated into the current spectrogram line. How each SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 115: Amplitude Vs Time Display
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Amplitude vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Amplitude vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK. Elements of the Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 116: Amplitude Vs Time Settings
Traces (Math) (see page 117) Sets the traces used to create the Math trace. Scale (see page 120) Sets the vertical and horizontal scale parameters. Prefs (see page 120) Speciﬁes whether certain display elements are visible. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 117: Frequency Vs Time Display
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Frequency vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Frequency vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to display the Freq vs. Time display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 118: Frequency Vs Time Settings
Changing Frequency vs Time Display Settings (see page 106) Frequency Vs Time Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The Setup settings for Frequency vs. Time are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 119: Phase Vs Time
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Phase vs. Time icon or select the icon and click Add. The Phase vs. Time icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to show the Phase vs. Time display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 120: Phase Vs Time Settings
Changing the Phase vs Time Display Settings (see page 108) Phase Vs Time Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the Phase vs. Time display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 121: Rf I & Q Vs Time Display
2. From the Folders box, select General Signal Viewing. 3. Double-click the RF I&Q vs. Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the RF I & Q vs. Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 122: Rf I & Q Vs Time Settings
(click on the trace name to display a menu). Changing the RF I & Q vs Time Display Settings (see page 110) RF I & Q vs Time Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 123 Sets the frequency and span parameters. Trace (see page 114) Sets the trace display parameters. Scale (see page 120) Sets the Vertical and Horizontal scale and offset parameters. Prefs (see page 120) Speciﬁes whether certain display elements are visible. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 124: Common Controls For General Signal Viewing Displays
When unchecked, the measurement bandwidth is speciﬁed by the user, and no additional ﬁlter is applied. Set to max BW Sets the measurement bandwidth to the maximum acquisition bandwidth of the instrument. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 125 Start and Stop frequencies will be adjusted to maintain the minimum Span setting. Setting Changed Manually Settings Changed Automatically As Setting Not Automatically Changed a Result Start Center, Span Stop Stop Center, Span Start Center Start, Stop Span Span Start, Stop Center SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 126 200,000 points, the measurement must decimate these 200,000 trace points by 2 to prevent exceeding the 100,000 trace point limit. Since only one value can be represented for each trace point, an algorithm must be used to select (detect) the appropriate value to use. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 127 CISPR Peak – The trace value is calculated by the methods described for peak detectors in the CISPR documents. Trace Processing Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 128 2. Navigate to the desired folder or use the default. 3. Type a name for the saved trace and click Save. Recalling Traces You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 129 Freeze Halts updates to the selected trace. Save Trace As Saves the selected trace to a ﬁle for later recall and analysis. Trace minus Trace Selects which traces serve as Trace A and Trace B. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 130 Generally the ﬁlter has a bell shape. Multiplying the transform frame by the ﬁlter function eliminates or reduces the discontinuities at the ends of the frame, however, at the expense of increased RBW. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 131 NOTE. If you are following a procedure that says to "set VBW to three times the RBW value or greater", it means that the test should be conducted with no VBW effects. In the analyzer, this condition is met by disabling the VBW function. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 132 For example, the Show Marker readout in graph check box appears in the Prefs tab for every display. However, the Show Power Trigger level check box only appears on the Amplitude vs Time Prefs tab. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 133 The elements of the Show Parameter Readouts are: 100% POI – This is the minimum event duration required to ensure 100% Probability of Intercept or event capture. This duration depends on interaction between span, RBW, and FFT length. You can SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 134 Note that higher numbers for FFT points mean that the instrument is taking a longer string of input samples for each FFT, which decreases the time resolution. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 135 General Signal Viewing Prefs Tab Minimum FFT length versus trace length - independent of span and RBW (instruments with option 200 Trace length (points) Minimum FFT length 1,024 2,401 4,096 4,001 8,192 10,401 16,384 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 136 General Signal Viewing Prefs Tab SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 137: Analog Modulation
2. From the Folders box, select Analog Modulation. 3. Double-click the AM icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the AM icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the AM display. Elements of the Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 138: Am Settings
Displays the Settings > Trace > Detection setting. Changing the AM Settings (see page 126) AM Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The AM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the AM Display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 139 A, in the above equation, represents the carrier amplitude, a(t) represents the time-varying modulation and ω represents the carrier frequency. The signal modulation envelope is given by: There are several ways to express the AM modulation depth, expressed as a percentage. Peak method Trough Method Max-Min Method SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 140 Selects the trace processing method. The only available setting is Normal. Freeze Halts updates to the trace. Save Trace As Saves the trace to a ﬁle for later recall and analysis. Show recalled trace Displays a saved trace instead of a live trace. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 141 –Peak - Each trace point represents the lowest vertical value among the results it includes. Saving Traces To save a trace for later analysis: 1. Select the Save Trace As button. This displays the Save As dialog box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 142 1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the desired ﬁle and click Open. 3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 4. Verify that the Show check box is selected. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 143 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to provide the optimum display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 144: Fm Display
2. From the Folders box, select Analog Modulation. 3. Double-click the FM icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the FM icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the FM display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 145 Analog Modulation FM Display Elements of the Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 146: Fm Settings
Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. Changing the FM Settings (see page 134) FM Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The FM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the FM Display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 147 Scale (see page 139) Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters. Prefs (see page 140) Speciﬁes whether or not certain display elements are shown. Speciﬁes the maximum number of points shown in the display graph. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 148 Auto check box is deselected, the carrier frequency is speciﬁed by adding/subtracting the speciﬁed Frequency offset from the center frequency. Pressing the Load from marker button loads the marker frequency into the Frequency offset box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 149 Watts) or Log (dB, dBm), the correct RMS value results. When the averaging function is applied to a trace, the averaging is performed on the linear (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 150 You can recall a previously saved trace for analysis or comparison to a live trace. To select a trace for recall: 1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the desired ﬁle and click Open. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 151 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the position of the acquisition record shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to provide the optimum display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 152: Pm Display
When taking measurements, only the ﬁrst burst in the Analysis period is analyzed. No trace points are shown for data outside the ﬁrst detected burst, nor are measurements made on data outside the ﬁrst detected burst. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 153 Analog Modulation PM Display Elements of the Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 154: Pm Settings
Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. Changing the PM Settings (see page 142) PM Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Application Toolbar: The PM Settings control panel provides access to settings that control parameters of the PM Display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 155 Speciﬁes whether or not certain display elements are shown. Speciﬁes the maximum number of points shown in the display graph. Parameters Tab The Parameters tab enables you to specify parameters that control the carrier frequency and phase detection. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 156 Phase offset is set to 10°, the waveform shifts upward by 10° on screen. Selecting Load from marker sets the phase offset to the value of the selected marker. Range: –180 to +180°. Trace Tab The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed trace. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 157 (Voltage) values, resulting in the correct average for RMS values. Trace Processing Traces can be processed to display in different ways. The Function setting controls trace processing. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 158 1. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. 2. Navigate to the desired ﬁle and click Open. 3. Check the Show Recalled Trace check box. 4. Verify that the Show check box is selected. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 159 Changes the range shown between the left and right sides of the graph. Position Adjusts the phase shown at the left edge of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Scale and Position settings to show the entire trace within the graph. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 160 Max trace points setting (except when Max trace points is set to Never Decimate). This decimated (or undecimated) trace is what is used for marker measurements and for results export. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 161: Rf Measurements
Channel Power and Strength Display Use the Chan Power & Strength display to measure channel power, ﬁeld strength, signal strength or adjacent channel leakage ratio with one main channel. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 162 3. Double-click Chan Power & Strength in the Available displays box. Click OK to complete your selection. 4. Press the front-panel Freq button and use the front panel keypad or knob to adjust the frequency to that of your main channel. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 163 Channel Power (Main) The power measured for the Main channel. The channel power is displayed in dBm. Peak Channel Power (Main) The peak power measured for the Main channel. The channel power is displayed in dBm. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 164 Average. This means that the average of the linear (pre-log) samples is used to determine the channel power. To measure channel power, use the ACLR measurement, and set the number of adjacent channels to zero. This results in only the channel power being measured. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 165: Channel Power & Strength Settings
Measure of the signal power leaking into nearby channels. Channel Power & Strength Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the Channel Power & Strength display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 166 Speciﬁes the frequency width of each channel (all channels share the same value). Channel Spacing Speciﬁes the difference in frequency between the centers of each channel. The following ﬁgure illustrates the settings controlled from the Channels tab. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 167 3. Select the Close box when you have ﬁnished making changes. Channel Spacing 1. Select Channel Spacing number entry box. 2. Enter a value for the difference in center frequency between channels using the knob or the keypad. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 168: Mcpr (Multiple Carrier Power Ratio) Display
8. To set the spacing between the main channels, enter a value in the Spacing value box. 9. To prevent a main channel power level from being included in the Power Reference (Total) calculation, select the channel to be excluded in the Inactive box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 169 MCPR measurement results are displayed both in the spectrum graph and in a table below the spectrum display. Individual Main channel power measurements appear in the graph under their channel identiﬁers. Individual adjacent channel power ratios also appear in the graph under the adjacent channel identiﬁer. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 170 Setting MCPR Measurement Parameters (see page 161) Multiple Carrier Power Ratio The ratio of the signal power in an adjacent channel to the power in one or more main channels. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 171: Mcpr Settings
Scale (see page 224) Speciﬁes the vertical and horizontal scale and offset values. Prefs (see page 225) Speciﬁes whether or not certain display elements are shown. Restore defaults. Sets parameters for a 4-carrier WCDMA measurement. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 172 NOTE. If you are following a procedure that says to “set VBW to three times the RBW value or greater”, it means that the test should be conducted with no VBW effects. In the RSA6100B Series instruments, this condition is met by disabling the VBW function. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 173 RF Measurements Measurement Params for ACPR and MCPR Displays Measurement Params for ACPR and MCPR Displays The Measurement Params tab is where you set parameters that control the ACPR and MCPR measurements. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 174 The amount of noise correction is limited to 12 dB to avoid the possibility of a negative power measurement. This is a rare condition that could occur if the subtraction of the reference power from the channel power results in a negative value (or ‘inﬁnite’ dBm). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 175 A table of the parameters for every channel. Offset is the frequency difference between the Center Frequency and center of the selected channel. Nothing in the table is editable directly. The following ﬁgure illustrates the settings controlled from the Channels tab. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 176 1. Select the Number entry box. 2. Use the knob to enter a value for the desired number of Main channels. 3. Select the Close box when you have ﬁnished making changes. To add an adjacent channel pair: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 177: Occupied Bw & X Db Bw Display
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the Occupied Bandwidth icon or select the icon and click Add. The Occupied Bandwidth icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to display the Occupied Bandwidth. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 178 RF Measurements Occupied BW & x dB BW Display Elements of the Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 179 The signal level at the right edge of the occupied bandwidth. OBW Ref Power The total power measured within the measurement bandwidth. x dB BW Ref Power The peak power measured within the measurement bandwidth. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 180: Occupied Bw & X Db Bw Settings
Max Hold function. Scale (see page 224) Allows you to set the vertical and horizontal scale parameters. Prefs (see page 225) The Prefs tab enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 181: Spurious Display
Spurious Display To show the Spurious display: 1. Click the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. 2. From the Folders box, select RF Measurements. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 182 Selected displays box (and removes it from the Available displays box). Alternatively, you can click the Spurious icon and then click the Add button to select Spectrum for display. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the Spurious Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 183 Adjusts the Vertical and Horizontal scaling to display the entire trace on screen. Selects Multi-range display mode. Bottom-of-graph readout Indicates the amplitude at the bottom of the graph. This value changes with the dB/div and Vertical Position settings. Elements of the Spurious Graph Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 184 Green bar Indicates the range selected on the Settings > Ranges and Limits (see page 176) tab. Indicates the location of the power reference. See Settings > Reference (see page 174). Elements of the Spur Table SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 185: Spurious Display Settings
Changing the Spurious Display Settings (see page 173) Spurious Display Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The control panel tabs for the Spurious display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 186 Ranges tab and the limits speciﬁed on the Limits tab. Reference Tab The Reference tab enables you to specify the Power Reference parameter. The Power reference parameter is used to calculate relative values in the Spur table and to calculate relative amplitude limits. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 187 Setting the Power Reference Level to No Reference To set the power reference to No Reference: Select No reference from the Power reference drop-down list. Setting the Power Reference Level to Manual Level To set the power reference to manual level: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 188 Ranges and Limits tab, you specify the start and stop frequencies for ranges, whether or not a range is enabled, the parameters that specify what constitutes a spur, measurement ﬁlter shape and bandwidth, and the detection method used for processing signals, as well as the pass/fail parameters for Limit Testing. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 189 Click the Expand button. This displays the Ranges and Limits Table in a new window that can be sized to the fullscreen. The following table describes the parameters that are set in the Ranges and Limits Table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 190 Click to save the current Ranges and Limits table to a ﬁle. Load Click to load a saved Ranges and Limits table from a ﬁle. Done Save changes and close the Ranges and Limits Table window. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 191 1. Click the Expand button on the Range and Limits tab. This displays the Ranges and Limits Table. 2. Adjust the Start and Stop frequencies as required for each range you want to test. 3. For ranges that you wish to test, verify that the On box is checked. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 192: Ccdf Display
2. From the Folders box, select RF Measurements. 3. Double-click the CCDF icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the CCDF icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the CCDF Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 193: Ccdf Settings
Select the trace to be measured and select reference trace for display. Prefs (see page 225) Speciﬁes whether on not certain display elements are shown. Restore defaults. Sets the CCDF parameters to their default values. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 194: Phase Noise Display
Phase Noise Display Phase Noise measures and graphs the power in a 1 Hz bandwidth referenced to the carrier power. This is repeated for many frequency points across a user-adjustable span. To show the Phase Noise display: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 195 Phase Noise icon and then click the Add button to select Phase Noise for display, or drag the Phase Noise icon to the Selected Displays box. 4. Click the OK button. Elements of the Phase Noise Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 196 Readout of the Left Horizontal frequency value. Affects only visual scaling, not measurement bandwidth. (See Settings > Scale (see page 139)) Measurement results Display of the different measured values. readouts Elements of the Measurement Results Readout / Phase Noise Table SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 197 After acquisition and calculation, the spectrum is corrected to display power in a 1 Hz bandwidth referenced to the carrier power (dBc/Hz). The correction algorithm does not discriminate between noise signals and coherent signals in making the dBc/Hz correction. Since all measured signals are corrected as SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 198: Phase Noise Settings
ﬁlter is used again with 20 dB attenuation removed. In order to be able to use the 40 MHz BW ﬁlter at a 20 MHz offset, the measurement frequency is moved so that the carrier is 30 MHz from the measurement point, and well down the ﬁlter rejection skirt. Phase Noise Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 199 Traces can also be saved and loaded for reference from this tab. Scale (see page 224) Specify vertical and horizontal scale settings. Prefs (see page 225) Specify appearance features of the graph area. Restore defaults. Sets the Phase Noise parameters to their default values. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 200 The minimum power level required for the signal to be recognized as a carrier. If no signal is found above this level within 20 MHz of the Freq setting, the Phase Noise measurement will fail. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 201: Settling Time Measurement Overview
The instrument's Search function can watch the Settling Time measurement for either pass or fail results, and perform actions such as stopping or saving data when the deﬁned condition occurs. See Search (Limits Testing) Settings (see page 343) for details on conﬁguring Search. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 202 RF Measurements Settling Time Measurement Overview Frequency Settling Time Theory of Operation The following paragraphs describe how a frequency and phase settling measurement is made. Frequency settling time ﬂow diagram SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 203 Settling Time Measurement Overview Phase settling time ﬂow diagram Acquisition hardware collects I and Q samples at the measurement frequency. Sample Rate is based on the measurement bandwidth setting. The instantaneous phase is computed as: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 204 The point at the end of the previous frequency hop where the frequency ﬁrst leaves the tolerance band. This result can only be computed when the instrument can ﬁnd a previous settled state within the measurement period. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 205: Settling Time Displays
To lock the reference to an external source, go to Setup > Conﬁgure In/Out > Frequency Reference and choose External. Values from 1 MHz to 25 MHz in 1 MHz steps can be used as an external reference. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 206 3. Double-click the Freq Settling icon or the Phase Settling icon in the Available displays box. This adds the selected display to the Selected displays box (and removes it from the Available displays box). 4. Click the OK button. Frequency settling time display Phase settling time display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 207 AND the settling time is valid OR the settling time from trigger is valid If any of the conditions listed are not met, the measurement results text is red. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 208 However, the settling time from trigger is typically available. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 209 5. Double-click the Time Overview icon in the Available displays box. Click OK to complete your selection. 6. Press the front-panel Freq button and use the front-panel keypad or knob to adjust the frequency to that of the signal you want to measure. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 210 Tolerance (see page 202) as required for your measurement. If your signal must be settled for a period of time before it is considered settled, you can specify a minimum settled duration for the settling time measurement. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 211 Note the difference in the settling time in the two illustrations that follow. In both examples, the Target reference is set to Auto. The only difference is the measurement length, as shown by the magenta line. Frequency settling time display before setting the measurement length SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 212: Settling Time Settings
Sets vertical and horizontal scale and position parameters. Prefs (see page 225) Speciﬁes whether or not to show certain display elements, the maximum number of points in the exported trace, and the displayed precision of the settling time measurement. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 213: Settling Time Displays Shared Measurement Settings
Select the frequency of the signal to be measured. Measurement Frequency can be selected as the target frequency (see Target Reference). NOTE. If Lock Center Frequency of Spectrum Display to Measurement Frequency is unchecked, then Measurement Frequency is independent of Center Frequency) Range: Entire input frequency of the instrument SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 214 If Target Reference is set to MeasFreq, then the Target value = Meas Frequency + Offset. Offset Offset is used for ﬁne-tuning the Target Reference when Meas freq is selected. The value for Offset is entered manually. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 215 The minimum settled duration is the amount of time the signal must remain within the tolerance band to be considered settled. Some user speciﬁcations require that the signal be settled for a minimum period. If this is not required in your application, set this value to the default of 0 seconds. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 216 Trace Tab for Settling Time Displays The Traces Tab allows you to set the display characteristics of displayed traces. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 217 This sets the number of acquisitions to be averaged together to produce the result. Averaging reduces random variations but maintains the correct waveshape for repeating signal aberrations. To use averaging, the signal must be repetitive. For example, the tuning direction must always be same for each measurement SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 218 To select a trace for recall: 1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list. 2. Check the Show check box. 3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 219 Resets the Scale and Position to center the trace in the graph. Horizontal Scale Sets the range of time shown in the graph. Position Allows you to pan the graph left and right. Autoscale Resets Scale and Position to the automatically determined settings. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 220: Sem Display
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the SEM icon or select the icon and click Add. The SEM icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. 4. Click OK to show the Spectrum Emission Mask display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 221 This readout displays either Pass or Fail XX%. When the signal exceeds the mask in any offset, it is considered a mask violation, and results in Fail XX% being displayed. If there are no mask violations, Pass is displayed. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 222 @Freq The frequency at which the worst margin occurs. Integ Abs The absolute integrated power of the offset. Integ Rel The relative integrated power of the offset (with respect to the reference power). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 223: Spectrum Emission Mask Settings
3GPP 25.141 (Release 9), BS Maximum output power P ≥ 43 dBm WLAN 802.11g IEEE Std 802.11 - 2007, 20 MHz Channel spacing WiMax 802.16 (ETSI) ETSI EN 301-021, 10 MHz Channel spacing, System Type G SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 224 Gaussian This ﬁlter shape provides optimal localization in the frequency domain. Rectangular This ﬁlter shape provides the best frequency, worst magnitude resolution. This is essentially the same as no window. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 225 Avg (VRMS) For each sweep, each point on the trace is the result of determining the RMS Voltage value for all of the collected traces' values for the same point. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 226 Speciﬁes the chip rate used for the Root-raised Cosine ﬁlter. Present only when Channel Filter is set to Root-raised Cosine. Offsets & Limits Table Tab – SEM The Offsets & Limits Table tab is used to specify parameters that deﬁne Offsets and masks. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 227 RF Measurements Offsets & Limits Table Tab – SEM Expanded display of Offsets & Limits Table SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 228 Speciﬁes whether the inner and outer edges of the offset must be the same value. When enabled, the Rel Stop cell is grayed-out and its value is set to the value of the Rel Start cell. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 229 Position Speciﬁes the frequency shown at the center of the graph. Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to optimize the display of the trace. Reset Scale Resets all settings to their default values. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 230: Rf Measurements Shared Measurement Settings
The control panel tabs in this section are shared by multiple displays in the RF Measurement folder (Setup > Displays). With few exceptions, each display maintains separate values for each of the controls on these tabs. For example, Scale values are independent for each of the displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 231 The VBW algorithm in the analyzer emulates the VBW ﬁlters of traditional swept analyzers. The maximum VBW value is the current RBW setting. The minimum VBW value is 1/10,000 of the RBW setting. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 232 The IQ samples in a data acquisition can be detected in a variety of ways. The number of IQ samples available to each trace point varies with both analysis length and trace length. For example, with Spectrum Length set to ‘Auto’ in the Analysis menu, the instrument analyzes just enough samples to produce one SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 233 Use of the Average of Logs method of measurement is not recommended for digitally modulated carriers, as power measurement errors will occur. NOTE. The Detection setting does not affect the trace until the spectrum length is longer than the Auto setting. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 234 To select a trace for recall: 1. Select the trace into which the recalled trace will be loaded, from the Trace drop-down list. 2. Check the Show check box. 3. Click the ... button to display the Open dialog box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 235 The Gaussian trace is a reference trace that you can compare your trace against. Because the Gaussian trace is for reference, there are no settings for the trace other than whether or not it is shown. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 236 Freq / div, is less than the acquisition bandwidth. Autoscale Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Log (Spurious only) Resets the display to show the frequency axis in a logarithmic scale. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 237 Speciﬁes the number of decimal places shown in the results readout below the graph. (Frequency and Phase Settling This setting does not affect the precision of internal calculations. Time displays only) Displays or hides the trace legend. Show trace legend (Phase Noise display only) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 238 RF Measurements Prefs Tab SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 239: Overview
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 240 OFDM Analysis OFDM Channel Response Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 241: Ofdm Channel Response Settings
Also allows you to specify the time units (Symbols or Seconds) for OFDM Analysis displays. Prefs Tab (see page 250) Speciﬁes the units of the display and whether elements of the graphs are displayed. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 242: Ofdm Constellation Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 243: Ofdm Constellation Settings
3. In the Available displays box, double-click the OFDM EVM icon or select the icon and click Add. The OFDM EVM icon will appear in the Selected displays box and will no longer appear under Available displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 244: Ofdm Evm Settings
OFDM EVM Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM EVM display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 245: Ofdm Magnitude Error Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 246: Ofdm Magnitude Error Settings
OFDM Magnitude Error Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM Mag Error display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 247: Ofdm Phase Error Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 248: Ofdm Phase Error Settings
OFDM Phase Error Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM Phase Error display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 249: Ofdm Power Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 250: Ofdm Power Settings
OFDM Power Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the OFDM Power display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 251: Ofdm Summary Display
5. Set the Frequency appropriate for the signal. 6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 252 OFDM Analysis OFDM Summary Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 253: Ofdm Summary Settings
Speciﬁes parameters that deﬁne the portion of the acquisition record that is used for analysis. Also allows you to specify the Units (Symbols or Seconds) for OFDM Analysis displays. Prefs (see page 250) Speciﬁes the units of the display and whether elements of the graphs are displayed. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 254: Ofdm Symbol Table Display
6. Select Setup > Settings to display the control panel. 7. Select the Modulation Params tab. Set the Standard, Guard Interval and Spacing and Bandwidth controls as appropriate for the input signal. Item Description Subcarrier identiﬁers. Symbol identiﬁers. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 255: Ofdm Symbol Table Settings
The control panel tabs in this section are shared between the displays in the OFDM Analysis folder (Setup > Displays). Some tabs are shared by all the displays, some tabs are shared by only a couple of displays. The settings available on some tabs change depending on the selected display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 256 Speciﬁes the spacing between subcarriers and the nominal channel bandwidth. Only one of these settings can be set at a time, the other setting is automatically calculated. Sample Rate Indicates the FFT sample rate, based on the bandwidth or subcarrier setting. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 257 The choices available are Phase, Amplitude, and Timing. The default setting is Phase. Swap I & Q Select the checkbox to swap the I and Q components of a signal. This compensates the input signal for spectral inversion. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 258 Speciﬁes how many symbols are analyzed. You can use this setting to speed analysis by limiting the number of symbols being analyzed. Analysis Time Tab – OFDM The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that deﬁne how the signal is analyzed in the OFDM Analysis displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 259 Analysis Length, in Symbol or Seconds units, is shown below the control in the "Actual" readout. This setting is not available when Auto is checked. Range: minimum value depends on modulation type. Resolution: 1 symbol. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 260 Measurement Frequency. There are two versions of the Scale tab for OFDM displays. One version is used only for the Constellation display and the other version is used for the OFDM EVM, OFDM Magnitude Error, OFDM Phase Error, and OFDM Power displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 261 Vertical Position Sets the vertical location of the Constellation display within the graph. Range is -3.7 to +3.7. Horizontal Position Sets the horizontal location of the Constellation display within the graph. Range is -3.7 to +3.7. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 262 Displays both the Subcarrier and Symbol graphs. Displays only the subcarrier graph. Subcarriers Symbols Displays only the symbol graph. Show graticule Displays or hides the graticule in the graphs. Show marker readout Displays or hides the marker readouts in the graphs. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 263: Overview
Pulse Table Display The Pulse Table lists selected measurements in a spreadsheet format, showing the pulse numbers and all the results for each measurement on all the detected pulses. Pulses are numbered from one. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 264: Pulse Table Settings
Changing the Pulse Table Display Settings (see page 252) Pulse Table Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The Settings control panel tabs for the Pulse Table Display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 265: Pulse Trace Display
The Pulse Trace display shows one measurement result and a trace graph illustrating that measurement for a selected pulse number. You can also choose to display arrows and lines in the graph that illustrate where on the pulse the measurement is being taken. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 266 Sets the power level shown at the top of the graph. If the number is greater than the Ref Level, a white line will appear in the graph to indicate the Ref Level. Vertical scale Sets the vertical scale value. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 267: Pulse Trace Settings
Y axis and pulse number on the X axis. Alternatively, the Statistics Display can show an FFT trace for the values of a measurement over all the pulses analyzed. Numeric readouts of Max, Min, and Average in this display summarize results for the selected pulse measurement. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 268 For Trend and Time Trend plot types, this indicates the pulse selected by the Pulse setting. For the FFT plot type, this indicator marks the trace point at the selected frequency. For Histogram plot types, this indicator marks the selected results bin. Adjusts the horizontal scale. Scale SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 269: Pulse Statistics Settings
Speciﬁes the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Prefs (see page 267) Speciﬁes whether or not certain elements of the display are shown. Params Tab The Params tab enables you to adjust several measurement parameters for Pulsed RF displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 270 The setting resolution is: 1. If this setting is not checked, the analyzer will measure all pulses within the Analysis Time, up to a maximum of 10000 pulses. To determine the maximum number of pulses that can be analyzed, use the following equation: where: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 271 The Deﬁne tab enables you to specify parameters that control where measurements are made on a pulse. The settings available depend on the measurement selected. The following paragraphs describe the settings that appear on the Deﬁne tab according to the Measurement(s) selection. Freq-Domain Linearity SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 272 In the Relative time method, Length speciﬁes the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Impulse Response SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 273 The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Freq Diff, Phase Diff Description Setting Measure point Speciﬁes the period in time after the 50% rising edge at which frequency and phase difference measurements are made. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 274 Length speciﬁes the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. Only the Relative Time method is available for Ripple. Overshoot SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 275 In the Relative time method, Length speciﬁes the percentage of the top of the pulse that is used for measurements. The instrument automatically determines the pulse top. The measurement length is centered within the pulse ON time. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 276 Select Voltage to use -6 dB as the 50% point. Select Power to use -3 dB as the 50% level. Freq Estimation Tab Use the Freq Estimation tab to specify parameters used for determining frequency offset. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 277 Other: The signal is not one of the listed types. You must manually enter the Frequency Offset value. The following table maps the appropriate signal type selection with the signal characteristics. Signature Phase offset from one pulse to another Zero Any (unknown) CW Constant Phase CW Changing Phase Linear Chirp SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 278 Resets the scale of the horizontal axis to contain the complete trace. Plot (Pulse Statistics display Speciﬁes the FFT, Trend, Time Trend, or Histogram plot. only) Reset Scale Restores all settings to their default values. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 279 Count or %. Count indicates the number of hits that fell into each bin. % indicates percentage Histogram is the selected of the total count (for the acquisition) that fell into each bin. plot type) Bins Speciﬁes how many "bins" or histogram bars the results are distributed into. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 280 Pulsed RF Prefs Tab SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 281: Overview
To display the Audio Spectrum display: 1. Press the Displays button or select Setup > Displays. This shows the Select Displays dialog box. 2. From the Folders box, select Audio Analysis. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 282: Audio Spectrum Settings
Analysis results Display of the audio analysis results. Audio Spectrum Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel : Settings Application Toolbar: The measurement settings for the Audio Spectrum display are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 283: Audio Summary Display
AM, FM, PM. Direct Audio Freq Fundamental audio frequency +Peak +Peak modulation excursion (where the modulation excursion readout depends on the signal type) -Peak -Peak modulation excursion (where the modulation excursion readout depends on the signal type) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 284: Audio Summary Settings
Hum & Noise measurement. Audio Analysis Measurement Settings The control panel tabs in this section are shared by the displays in the Audio Analysis folder (Setup > Displays). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 285 1/500 of the measurement bandwidth. To manually specify the RBW, uncheck Auto. The minimum RBW value is limited to the larger of 1 Hz or AudioBW/10000. The maximum is limited to AudioBW/100. RBW Filter Speciﬁes the windowing method used for the transform. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 286 40 kHz. So Audio Bandwidth should be set to 40 kHz. Using the equation: AudioBW(FM) = MAX( 8x5kHz, (10+5)kHz ) = MAX( 40 kHz, 15kHz) = 40 kHz The formula for PM is: AudioBW (PM) = MAX (MaxAudioAnalysisFreq, PMFreqDeviation+FundamentalFreq) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 287 ﬁnal result is available, so each output is fully valid. However, with large Averaging values, acquisition record sizes and measurement times may become large, so care should be taken to select the minimum amount of averaging needed. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 288 4. If you select User from the drop-down list, enter a value in the text entry box that appears. To disable all ﬁltering: 1. Select the Pre-deﬁned Filters option button. 2. Deselect all four ﬁlter check boxes. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 289 5. Click the ... button and navigate to the location of the custom audio ﬁlter ﬁle you wish to use. Select the ﬁle you want to use and click Open. 6. Acquire a new trace or replay a saved ﬁle to see the effect of the custom ﬁlter. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 290 The Scale tab allows you to change the vertical and horizontal scale settings. Changing the scale settings changes how the trace appears on the display but does not change acquisition control settings. In effect, these controls operate like pan and zoom controls. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 291 Changes the frequency shown at the right side of the graph. Autoscale Resets the Left and Right settings to show the entire trace. Sets the graph horizontal axis to a logarithmic scale. Reset Scale Resets the Vertical and Horizontal settings to their default values. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 292 For AM, FM, and PM signal types, the RMS modulation value (related to Modulation Depth, Frequency Deviation or Phase Deviation) is captured and compared. The Diff measurement is: 20 x log (RMS(current)/RMS(Ref)) in dB. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 293 Sets the number of trace points used for marker measurements and for results export. Show Marker readout in graph Shows or hides the readout for the selected marker in the graph area. (selected marker) Show Non-Harm Threshold Shows or hides the non-harmonic threshold line. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 294 Audio Analysis Prefs Tab SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 295: Gp Digital Modulation
I & Q signals, EVM, Phase Error, Magnitude Error, and more. Modulation Measurements NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 296: Constellation Display
2. From the Folders box, select GP Digital Modulation. 3. Double-click the Constellation icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Constellation icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the Constellation display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 297: Constellation Settings
EVM Peak (%) and location, RMS (%). Plot Constellation graph. Changing Constellation Settings (see page 285) Constellation Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: The settings for the Constellation view are shown in the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 298: Demod I & Q Vs Time Display
3. Double-click the Demod I&Q vs Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Demod I&Q vs Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This shows the Demod I&Q vs Time display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 299 (see page 313) tab. If Freq Error is displayed, it also indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is Auto. If Freq Offset is displayed, it indicates that the Carrier frequency detection setting is manual. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 300: Demod I & Q Vs Time Settings
The EVM vs. Time Display shows the Error Vector Magnitude plotted over Time. NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 301: Evm Vs Time Settings
Scale Sets the length of time shown in the graph. Changing the EVM vs Time Display Settings (see page 289) EVM vs Time Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings Application Toolbar: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 302: Eye Diagram Display
2. From the Folders box, select GP Digital Modulation. 3. Double-click the Eye Diagram icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Eye Diagram icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Eye Diagram view. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 303: Eye Diagram Settings
Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). Changing Eye Diagram Settings (see page 291) Eye Diagram Settings Menu Bar: Setup > Settings Front Panel: Settings SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 304: Frequency Deviation Vs Time Display
3. Double-click the Frequency Deviation vs Time icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Frequency Deviation vs Time icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Frequency Deviation vs Time view. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 305 Displays the difference between the maximum and minimum measured values of the signal frequency during the Measurement Time. The displayed frequency error is followed by either Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 306: Frequency Deviation Vs Time Settings
The Magnitude Error displays the magnitude of the symbol error. The amplitude appears on the vertical axis while time is plotted along the horizontal axis. NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 307 Freq Error is the difference between the Center Frequency and the measured frequency of the signal being tested. This readout will be Freq Offset if the Freq Offset parameter on the Settings > Advanced Params (see page 316) tab is set to Manual. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 308: Magnitude Error Vs Time Settings
NOTE. A maximum of approximately 80,000 samples can be analyzed by the General Purpose Digital Modulation measurements (the actual value varies with modulation type). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 309 Peak and RMS readouts Displays the Peak value of the phase error and the time at which it occurred. Also displays the RMS value over the analysis length. Scale Sets the time spanned by the graph. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 310: Phase Error Vs. Time Settings
The Signal Quality display shows several measurements of signal quality. The measurements displayed depend on the modulation type. There is a set of measurements displayed for all modulation types except nFSK and C4FM. There is a second set of measurements displayed for nFSK and C4FM modulation types. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 311 GP Digital Modulation Signal Quality Display Signal Quality display for all modulation types except nFSK, C4FM, OQPSK, and SOQPSK Signal Quality display for OQPSK and SOQPSK modulation types SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 312 GP Digital Modulation Signal Quality Display Signal Quality display for nFSK modulation type Signal Quality display for C4FM modulation type SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 313 Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 314 Like EVM, Rho is a measure of modulation quality. The value of Rho is less than 1 in all practical cases and is equal to 1 for a perfect signal measured in a perfect receiver. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 315: Signal Quality Settings
NOTE. You might be able to save time conﬁguring the Signal Quality display by pressing the Standard Settings button from the Settings control panel. This allows you to select a preset optimized for a standard from the Select Standard dialog box. See Standard Settings Button. (see page 308) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 316: Symbol Table Display
2. From the Folders box, select GP Digital Modulation. 3. Double-click the Symbol Table icon in the Available Displays box. This adds the Symbol Table icon to the Selected displays box. 4. Click the OK button. This displays the Symbol Table view. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 317: Symbol Table Settings
The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that deﬁne the portion of the acquisition record that is used for analysis. Prefs (see page 323) The Prefs tab enables you to set characteristics of the measurement display. Trellis Diagram Display To show an Trellis Diagram display: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 318 Displays the difference between the maximum and minimum measured values of the signal frequency during the Measurement Time. The displayed frequency error is followed by either Auto or Manual. This indicates the selected carrier frequency detection method (see Settings > Freq & BW). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 319: Trellis Diagram Settings
GP Digital Modulation folder. Changing a setting on one tab changes that setting for all the GP Digital Modulation displays. For example, if you change the Modulation Type for the Constellation Display, it also changes the Modulation SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 320: Standard Settings Button
GP Digital Modulation displays. All of the presets in the Standard Settings Dialog make the following settings: Analysis Length: Auto Points per Symbol: 4 Data Differential: No Burst Mode: Off Burst Detection Threshold: -10 dBc SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 321 Enter a value used for deﬁning the Reference Filter. (Not present for some ﬁlter types) Modulation index (Present only for CPM modulation type) Modulation Type The modulation types that can be demodulated and analyzed are: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 322 ﬁlter is not practical for a selected modulation type, it is not presented as an available ﬁlter. To determine which ﬁlters are available, make certain that your desired modulation type is selected. See the following table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 323 IS-95REF SOQPSK None SOQPSK-MIL User SOQPSK-ARTM User None None User User 2FSK None None Gaussian Gaussian 4FSK RootRaisedCosine RaisedCosine 8FSK RaisedCosine User 16FSK Rectangular (freq) User C4FM C4FM-P25 RaisedCosine User SBPSK None SBPSK-MIL User User SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 324 For Transmit Filter = Raised Cosine (RC), Measurement Filter = None, the Reference Filter = Raised Cosine (When the Measurement Filter = None, the Reference Filter = Transmit Filter) For Transmit Filter = Gaussian, Measurement Filter = None, the Reference Filter = Gaussian SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 325 The Freq & BW tab speciﬁes a group of settings that affect how measurements are made. Freq & BW tab with nFSK or C4FM modulation type selected and Frequency Error readout enabled (Auto selected) Freq & BW tab with SOQPSK modulation type selected and Frequency Offset enabled (Auto deselected) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 326 1, 2, 4, and 8. Taps The number of ﬁlter coefﬁcients. Range: 3 to 100 (you can set a higher number, but 100 is the practical limit). Length Speciﬁes the number of symbols analyzed (or ﬁlter length). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 327 13. Change the Convergence, Taps/Symbol, and Taps values iteratively to achieve a minimum EVM value. NOTE. Changing the Taps/symbol or Taps values resets the equalizer. Using the Equalizer To use the equalizer: 1. Select and conﬁgure a GP Digital Modulation display. 2. Select Setup > Settings. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 328 The Advanced Params tab speciﬁes additional parameters that control the demodulation of the signal. Advanced Params tab for all modulation types except nFSK and C4FM Advanced Params tab for modulation type nFSK Advanced Params tab for modulation type C4FM SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 329: Symbol Maps
3. Select the desired ﬁle in the Open window and click Open. 4. Select User Symbol Map to enable the user symbol map. Editing the User Symbol Map. The symbol map is a plain text ﬁle and can be edited with any plain text editor. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 330 ## (Resembles the shape of the constellation) 32QAM 00011 00010 00001 00000 01001 01000 00111 00110 00101 00100 01111 01110 01101 01100 01011 01010 10101 10100 10011 10010 10001 10000 11011 11010 11001 11000 10111 10110 11111 11110 11101 11100 32QAM SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 331 The settings values on this tab are the same as those on the main Analysis control panel for the instrument with the only difference being that Analysis Length can be set in either Seconds or Symbols in this location. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 332 (the actual value varies with modulation type). Time Zero Reference All time values are measured from this point (such as marker position or horizontal position (in Y vs Time displays). Choices are: Acquisition Start or Trigger. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 333 Note that some settings are not present for all modulation types and some settings are not present for all displays. Example trace tab for constellation display set to CPM modulation type Example trace tab for Demod I&Q display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 334 4. Select Trace 2 from the Trace drop-down list. 5. Click the Show checkbox so that it is checked. 6. Specify the Content as desired. Trace 2 lines appear in blue to aid in distinguishing Trace 2 from Trace 1. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 335 Analysis Time tab. On the tab, select the appropriate units from the Units drop-down list. Prefs Tab The Prefs tab enables you to change appearance characteristics of the GP Digital Modulation displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 336: Symbol Maps
Adds EVM results in the display when enabled (Offset EVM is always displayed). Present results only in Signal Quality display and with SOQPSK and OQPSK modulation types only Symbol Maps This topic shows the symbol mapping for each digital modulation technique. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 337 5π/4 3π/2 7π/4 Pi/2 DBPSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) +π/2 –π/2 DQPSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) π/2 π 3π/2 Pi/4 DQPSK Phase shift Symbol value (radians) (binary) +π/4 +3π/4 –π/4 -3π/4 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 338 GP Digital Modulation Symbol Maps Phase shift Symbol value direction (binary) – SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 339 GP Digital Modulation Symbol Maps SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 340 GP Digital Modulation Symbol Maps SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 341: Overview: User Defined Measurement And Reference Filters
3. Enter a name for the ﬁlter in one of the Name (editable) boxes. This name will appear in the drop-down list on the Modulation Params tab, prefaced with User. The maximum number of characters for the ﬁlter name is 20. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 342: User Filter File Format
A decimal number can be expressed by ﬁxed point or ﬂoating point. For example, 0.01 and 1.0E-2 are both valid. “0” (zero) and “,0” (comma zero) can be omitted. For example, “1.5,0”, “1.5,”, and “1.5” are equivalent. Lines with only a comma and blank lines are skipped. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 343 -0.0151973,0 -0.0263419,0 -0.157502,0 -0.0246357,0 -0.0280807,0 -0.0971877,0 -0.0971877,0 -0.0280807,0 -0.0246357,0 -0.157502,0 -0.0263419,0 -0.0151973,0 0.130455,0 -0.181776,0 -0.0209294,0 0.286147,0 -0.174718,0 -0.0136498,0 0.0194761,0 0.455249,0 -0.143898,0 -0.0062255,0 0.0405144,0 0.623332,0 -0.0984502,0 0.0594205,0 0.774975,0 -0.047715,0 0.0720253,0 0.895591,0 0.0743803,0 0.973215,0 0.0383599,0 0.063548,0 0.063548,0 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 344 1.39E-07,0 0.172989,0 0.172989,0 1.39E-07,0 4.37E-07,0 0.25,0 0.114626,0 4.21E-08,0 1.32E-06,0 0.345977,0 0.0727328,0 1.23E-08,0 3.81E-06,0 0.458502,0 0.0441942,0 3.42E-09,0 1.06E-05,0 0.581862,0 0.0257149,0 9.11E-10,0 2.80E-05,0 0.707107,0 0.0143282,0 2.33E-10,0 7.10E-05,0 0.822878,0 0.00764509,0 0.000172633,0 0.917004,0 0.00390625,0 0.000401796,0 0.978572,0 0.00191127,0 0.000895512,0 0.000895512,0 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 345: Marker Measurements
Controlling Markers with the Touchscreen Actions Menu In addition to controlling the marker actions from the front panel or screen menu items, you can use the touch screen actions menu to move markers or add and delete markers. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 346: Measuring Signal Density, Frequency And Power On A Dpx Bitmap Trace
5. Click the close control panel button ( ) to remove the Deﬁne Markers control panel. 6. Touch or click on the MR marker on the trace to activate the marker. 7. Drag the marker to the desired location on the bitmap. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 347 The up and down arrows search for peaks at the same frequency. The peaks on the DPX Bitmap trace are deﬁned by the settings for the DPX Signal Density on the Markers > Deﬁne Markers > Deﬁne Peaks (see page 338) tab. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 348: Measuring Frequency And Power In The Spectrum Display
8. Read the frequency and power level of the marker position on the display. 9. Read the signal density, frequency and power level of the marker position on the display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 349: Marker Action Controls
When Readouts is set to Delta, each delta marker (M1-M4) readout displays both the marker's position on the trace and the difference between its position and the position of the Reference Marker (MR). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 350 You can specify two amplitude values that deﬁne peaks. For the DPX display, you can also deﬁne peaks based on signal density characteristics. NOTE. The settings shown in the DPX Signal Density section of the Deﬁne Peaks tab are not used by SignalVu-PC. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 351: Using The Markers Toolbar
Select Marker Toolbar to display or hide the Marker Toolbar in the application window. The Marker Toolbar enables you to operate existing markers or deﬁne new markers. Enabling a marker or adjusting the position of a marker automatically opens the Markers toolbar. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 352: Using Noise Markers In The Spectrum Display
However, the delta marker values are converted to dBm/Hz, and then a difference value, in dBc/Hz, is calculated between each delta measurement and the reference. Measuring Noise To measure noise on a Spectrum trace: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 353 16. Read the frequency and power level for the selected marker in the upper corners of the display. To display the delta measurement in dBc/Hz, select the delta marker (M1, M2, M3 or M4) by clicking on it or pressing the front-panel Select button until it is selected. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 354 Marker Measurements Using Noise Markers in the Spectrum Display SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 355: Search (Limits Testing)
Speciﬁes the action to take when the search condition is met. Deﬁne Tab (Search) The Deﬁne tab sets the parameters for a search. From this tab, you specify which trace to search and what kind of violation to search for. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 356 If you select a greater than/less than search, you also specify the level that deﬁnes a violation. When you select either is greater than or is less than, a text entry box appears to the right of the drop-down list. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 357 1. To delete a point from the table, select the point to be removed, and click Delete. 2. To close the Mask Editor without saving your changes, click Cancel (if you have already clicked Apply, this only cancels changes since the last time Apply was clicked). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 358 8. If you load a saved a mask, use the Open dialog box to locate and open the mask ﬁle. 9. Click OK. The following ﬁgure shows the results of an is outside mask Search. The vertical red bar highlights results that match the Search deﬁnition. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 359: Actions Tab
File > Save As. The Save dialog will show you the current save location. If you want to save the ﬁle in a different location, save a ﬁle (any type) in the desired location. This resets the save destination to the new location. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 360 Search (Limits Testing) Actions Tab SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 361: Analyzing Data
Speciﬁes the measurement frequency (center frequency). Units (see page 355) Speciﬁes the Power units for all displays. Analysis Time Tab The Analysis Time tab contains parameters that deﬁne the portion of the acquisition record that is used for analysis. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 362 The analysis offset is measured from this point. Choices are: Acquisition Start or Trigger Point. Parameter Description Acquisition Start Offset is measured from the point at which acquisition begins. Trigger Point Offset is measured from the trigger point. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 363: Spectrum Time Tab
The Frequency tab speciﬁes two frequency values: the Measurement Frequency and the Spectrum Center Frequency. The Measurement Frequency is the frequency at which most displays take measurements. The Spectrum Center Frequency is the center frequency used by the Spectrum, DPX Spectrum, Spectrogram and Time Overview displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 364 When the Spectrum Center Frequency is unlocked from the Measurement Frequency, you can adjust the Measurement Frequency so that measurements can be taken at different frequencies without resetting the center frequency. The following screen capture shows the magenta-colored measurement frequency indicator still located at the center frequency. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 365 Measurement Frequency indicator. The width of the box indicates the widest measurement bandwidth in use among the open displays. You can see how the width of this box changes with the SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 366 The RF trigger module receives the same acquisition data as all the measurements, tuned to the center of the current acquisition bandwidth. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 367: Units Tab
Selecting the Data Type to Replay You can choose to replay either acquisition data or DPX spectra. Choose Acq Data to replay any acquisitions except DPXogram acquisitions. Choose DPX Spectra to replay a DPXogram acquisition. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 368 The Select DPX Spectra tab is used to select which DPXogram spectra to replay. A spectra is the smallest DPXogram unit that can be replayed. It is equivalent to one line in the DPXogram display. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 369: Replay Menu
The Replay menu provides controls that let you choose how to replay acquisitions. The replay function enables you to, in effect, “rerun” an analysis while applying different measurements to the same set of acquisition data. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 370: Acq Data
Replay All Selected Records Selecting Replay all selected records replays all the selected data records. The set of selected records may comprise a single record, all records in acquisition history, or a subset of the records in history. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 371: Replay Current Record
Selecting Select records from history displays the Select data records tab of the Replay control panel. The Select data records tab allows you to specify which records in the acquisition history will be used when the Replay button is selected. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 372: Replay Toolbar
Start and Stop values on the Select data records tab of the Replay control panel. Pressing Select displays the Select data records tab of the Replay control panel. The Select data records tab allows you to select records from acquisition history for replay. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 373 All data records in the acquisition history were acquired with identical parameters. When any of these parameters are changed, all records in history are deleted as soon as the ﬁrst record acquired under the new parameter values is received. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 374 Analyzing Data Replay Toolbar SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 375: Amplitude Corrections
On the Internal Settings tab, you can specify the Reference Level for the signal analyzer's RF front end, the settings for the internal attenuator, enable/disable the optional internal preamp, and specify the RF & IF Optimization. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 376 The Auto setting is an optimized trade-off of the competing performance choices. Minimize sweep time. Selecting Minimize Sweep Time causes the instrument to use the widest available acquisition bandwidth when sweeping across spans greater than the maximum available real-time span. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 377 +15 dB measurement bandwidth Range, Noise Floor may of the selected display. If not be optimal span is greater than the available acquisition BW, unit sweeps using 25 MHz (SPECMON3) or 85 MHz (SPECMON6) acquisitions SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 378: External Gain/Loss Correction Tab
The External Gain/Loss Correction tab allows you to apply a correction to a signal to compensate for the use of external equipment, such as an ampliﬁer or attenuator. You can specify whether the corrections on this tab apply to all acquired data or only to a set group of displays. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 379: External Gain Value
In creating a digital ﬁlter to represent the gain/loss table, a limited number of ﬁlter taps are be used in order for the ﬁlter to be practically realizable. If your amplitude corrections contain discontinuities or extremely sharp transitions, the ﬁlter used will contains errors and ringing. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 380: External Loss Tables
To create an external loss table: 1. Click Edit. to display the Table Editor. 2. Click New Table to create a table. This clears all entries in the existing table and loads the default table. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 381 To load an external loss table ﬁle: 1. Click Edit to display the Table Editor. 2. Click Load to display the Open dialog box. 3. Navigate to the location of the desired ﬁle, select it and click Open. 4. Click OK. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 382: External Probe Correction Tab
External Probe Correction Tab The External Probe Correction tab is used to specify whether a correction factor is applied to the signal when a Tektronix P7000 Series probe is connected to the analyzer through the Tektronix RTPA2A Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer TekConnect Probe Adapter.
Page 383: Continuous Versus Single Sequence
Abort Menu Bar: Run > Abort Selecting Abort immediately halts the current acquisition/measurement cycle. In-process measurements and acquisitions are not allowed to complete. Visibility and accuracy of results is unspeciﬁed after an abort. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 384: The Acquire Control Panel
Sampling Parameters Tab, the Adjust setting and FastFrame. Depending on the setting chosen for Adjust, two additional parameters can be set. Normally, the best results are achieved by leaving the Adjust control set to All Auto. Manually overriding the automatic settings affects both real-time and swept acquisitions. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 385 If any measurement is conﬁgured for swept acquisitions, an error message is displayed: Disabled: FastFrame doesn't support swept settings. Setting Description FastFrame Enables FastFrame acquisition mode. Max Frames Speciﬁes the maximum number of frames to record in a single acquisition process. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 386: Advanced Tab (Acquire)
Typically, pure tones create the most problems with quantizing errors. Dither should be used for those input types. Many digital modulation types are noise-like, so dither is usually not SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 387: Fastsave
ﬁle prior to analysis or save functions. These hard-drive read and write cycles can be time consuming for large ﬁles. If you need only to save data for later analysis, a mode named FastSave is available. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 388 FastSave Status Messages Once the FastSave acquisition begins, a status messages appears in the graph area. The message that appears depends on whether the instrument was running or paused when FastSave acquisition data was clicked. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 389: Fastsave Tab
Speciﬁes the number of ﬁles to be saved each time a FastSave acquisition is started. The number of ﬁles that can be saved is limited only by the storage space available. Each saved acquisition ﬁle uses about 3.3 MB of space. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 390 Controlling the Acquisition of Data FastSave Tab SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 391: Managing Data, Settings, And Pictures
Saving while running is allowed by the analyzer, but data ﬁles saved while running will not contain any DPX spectral data. 2. Select Save As from the File menu to open the Save As dialog box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 392 Preparing for a FastSave Acquisition (see page 376). Recalling Files You can recall three types of ﬁles: Setup ﬁles, Selected Trace, and Acquisition data with setup. Recalling data follows the same procedure regardless of the type of data being recalled. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 393: Data, Settings, And Picture File Formats
Saving Acquisition Data Export in CSV Format Save for examining results in other programs, such as MATLAB or Excel. Data, Settings, and Picture File Formats You can save different types of data for later recall and analysis. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 394 These ﬁles contain a list of settings that describe how the instrument is set up for the Spurious measurement. The ﬁle contains the number of ranges enabled, the start and stop frequencies for each enabled range, the limits for each enabled range, the mask type and more. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 395 19th character into the ﬁle (starting with 1), and will always be 9 characters long. NOTE. You should not casually modify the XML header, because this will change the offset to the start of the binary data. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 396 InputZoom - The acquisition bandwidth in Hertz. The MATLAB format used to save acquisition data has the following properties and limitations: Files are stored in MATLAB Level 5 format. MATLAB Level 5 ﬁle size is limited to 2 GB. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 397: Printing Screen Shots
1. Select File > Print. 2. Select File > Print Preview if you wish to review the screen shot before sending it to the printer. 3. Select File > Print to print the ﬁle to a printer. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 398 Managing Data, Settings, and Pictures Printing Screen Shots SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 399: Online Help
This text box lists the instrument options installed on the analyzer. This window does not list every option installed on the instrument, just those that can be detected by the software. Hardware Information This text box lists information about the instrument hardware versions. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 400: Configure In/Out Settings
When switched off (or when power is removed), the RF input is electronically disconnected from the input connector. The analyzer always has a minimum 10 dB attenuation applied during power-up and power-on-self-test. This is accomplished by always switching the attenuation control to Auto during SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 401 Maximum DC Voltage ± 5 V (RF input) Maximum Measurable Input Power + 30 dBm (RF input, RF ATT Auto) 50 Watts peak (RF Band, RF 30 dB (<10 ms pulse width, 1% Duty Cycle repetitive pulses)) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 402: Connecting A Signal Using A Tekconnect Probe
You can connect a signal to the analyzer using a TekConnect Probe by using an RTPA2A Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer TekConnect Probe Adapter. The RTPA2A enables you to use Tektronix P7000 Series active and differential probes to connect to signals. See the RTPA2A Instruction Manual for instructions on how to connect the probe adapter and a probe to the analyzer.
Page 403: Digital I/Q Output
SPECMON6 Series Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Speciﬁcations and Performance Veriﬁcation Technical Reference (Tektronix part number 077-0742-XX). A PDF ﬁle of the manual is located on the Documents CD that shipped with your instrument. If you do not have access to the Documents CD, a PDF of the manual can be downloaded from the Tektronix Web site, www.tektronix.com/manuals.
Page 404: Other Outputs
Mapping Measurements The SPECMON3 and SPECMON6 can record measurements on a map using the included RSA Map software. The RSA Map software lets you record measurements on a geo-referenced map or a bitmap map for documentation purposes. If an external GPS receiver is connected to the analyzer, measurements can be mapped at the GPS coordinates where the measurement was taken.
Page 405: Menu Overview
Reference Menu Overview Full documentation on how to use RSA Map is provided in the RSA Map Help. In RSA Map, select Help > User Manual. Menu Overview The main menus are: SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 406: File Menu
Displays a control panel where you can conﬁgure options for Presets. Recall Menu Bar: File > Recall Front Panel: Recall Application Toolbar: Use the Recall command to load previously saved acquisition data, setups or trace data. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 407 Save on the front panel and a picture of the selected display will be saved without requiring you to type a ﬁle name or the location of the ﬁle to be saved. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 408 Options for Saving Pictures of the Display Option Setting Description Image Saves exported screen captures in Portable Network Graphics format. Format Saves exported screen captures in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format. Saves exported screen captures in Windows bitmap format. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 409 Colors tab to set the color scheme. See Options Settings (see page 27). Print Preview Menu Bar: File > Print Preview Print Preview shows how a print out will appear when it is printed. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 410: More Presets
When unchecked, clicking Full Screen resizes the application window to ﬁll the screen. Full Screen mode maximizes the application window, and turns off the application title bar. When checked, clicking Full Screen restores the application window to its previous size. The application title bar is restored. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 411 Run button has been pressed or because a trigger event has occurred, signal acquisition has occurred and Run mode was set to Single. Triggered If Triggered is displayed, the analyzer has recognized a valid trigger and is ﬁlling the posttrigger portion of the signal record. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 412: Run Menu
100 acquisitions to produce 100 intermediate traces that are averaged together to create the ﬁnal trace that is displayed. Once the 100 acquisitions have been completed, acquisition stops. This is only a mode selector, it does not initiate an acquisition. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 413: Replay Menu
Sets center frequency to the frequency of the selected marker. Deﬁne Markers (see page 337) Displays the Deﬁne Marker control panel. Setup Menu The Setup menu provides access to control panels that specify parameters for numerous signal analyzer functions. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 414: Tools Menu
Used to activate upgrades you have purchased. page 404) Options (see page 27) Displays the Options control panel. RSA Map (see page 392) Launches the RSA Map application for mapping measurement results. Alignments Dialog Menu Bar: Tools > Alignments SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 415 Run alignments only when Speciﬁes that alignments will never run unless manually initiated. "Align Now button is pressed. Align Now Use to manually initiate an alignment. Abort Stops the alignment process. Close Closes the Alignments dialog box. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 416: Arranging Displays
The Diagnostics menu item displays the Diagnostics Tests window, which enables you to run variety of tests to verify the operation of the signal analyzer. For detailed information on running diagnostics, refer to the SPECMON3 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer and SPECMON6 Real-Time Signal Analyzer Service Manual, Tektronix part number 077-0755-XX.
Page 417: Help Menu
Select the display that contains the message. Click Run if the instrument is not already acquiring data. Acquisitions are not running and the measurement now requests a wider bandwidth than the last acquisition. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 418 The measurement could not produce results because it was asked to reanalyze (Replay) the acquisition but it is in Swept acquisition mode. Swept-mode measurements cannot analyze recalled data. CISPR accuracy limited by acq memory. Adjust RBW or freq range SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 419 Export failure: unable to open results ﬁle for export. File not saved. The Export Results ﬁle could not be opened for writing, so the export of results was not completed. Verify that there is sufﬁcient free space on hard disk. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 420 The display requiring the much narrower bandwidth must decimate and ﬁlter the acquisition record which can result in too few samples left for the measurement. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 421 Increase the span or acquisition bandwidth if the decreased RBW is not acceptable. RBW increased The current Spectrum Length (or Analysis Length if Spectrum Length is not Independent) is too small to allow the requested RBW. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 422 Length that was actually used. The measurement results are correct, but don't include some of the data in the selected Spectrum Length. To clear this message, you can set the Spectrum Length to Auto. Setup error: <description of error> SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 423: Displaying The Windows Event Viewer
To display the Windows Event Viewer: 1. Select Start > Control Panel. 2. Select Administrative Tools. (If your instrument displays control panels in Category View, select System and Security. and then select Administrative Tools.) 3. Double-click Event Viewer. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 424 Please note that many items reported as “errors” are simply informational and do not mean that your instrument is impaired. Contact the Tektronix Customer Support Center or Service Center if you are concerned about an error shown in the Event Viewer. Do not send an instrument out for repair based solely on these event reports.
Page 425: Dealing With Sluggish Instrument Operation
To do this, back up all your data and ﬁles, and then reinstall the instrument operating system. After reinstalling the operating system, reinstall the application software. On/Standby Switch Use this button to power the instrument on or to shut down (set the instrument to standby). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 426: How To Find Out If Instrument Software Upgrades Are Available
Software upgrades might be available from Tektronix. They can either be downloaded from the Tektronix Web site or they can be ordered from your local Tektronix representative. To see if a software upgrade is available for your instrument, use your browser to go to www.tektronix.com/software. Search by the instrument model number.
Page 427 OFDM Symbol Table Settings (see page 243) Phase Error vs Time Settings (see page 298) Phase Noise Settings (see page 186) Phase vs Time Settings (see page 108) PM Settings (see page 142) Pulse Statistics Settings (see page 257) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 428 Signal Quality Settings (see page 303) Spectrogram Settings (see page 99 ) Spectrum Settings (see page 95) Spurious Settings (see page 173) Symbol Table Settings (see page 305) Time Overview Settings (see page 90) Trellis Diagram Settings (see page 307) SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 429 A series of time-contiguous frames. This is also called a Block. Analysis Length The length of time in the Analysis Time. Analysis Time The portion of the acquisition record over which one or more measurements are calculated. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 430 The electrical signal, typically a sine wave, upon which modulation is impressed. Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N) The ratio of carrier signal power to average noise power in a given bandwidth surrounding the carrier; usually expressed in decibels. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 431 To give a display priority over any others, click its title bar. CISPR International special committee on radio interference. (Comité international spécial des perturbations radioélectriques) Acronym for Continuous Wave. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 432 A unit to express voltage levels in decibels referenced to 1 millivolt. dBuV A unit to express voltage levels in decibels referenced to 1 microvolt. Decibel Ten times the logarithm of the ratio of one electrical power to another. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 433 Save data to a ﬁle in a format other than application-native. FastFrame FastFrame segments the acquisition record into a series of frames and then captures acquisitions as single frames. You can then view and measure each frame individually. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 434 A series of time-contiguous samples, long enough in duration and at a sufﬁcient sample rate to produce a spectrum view of a speciﬁed span and RBW. Frequency Band The continuous range of frequencies extending between two limiting frequencies, expressed in hertz. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 435 GPIB Acronym for General Purpose Interface Bus, the common name for the communications interface system deﬁned in IEEE Std. 488. Graticule The calibrated grid overlaying the display screen of analyzers, oscilloscopes, and other test instruments. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 436 The impedance at the desired input terminal. Usually expressed in terms of VSWR, return loss, or other related terms for low impedance devices and resistance-capacitance parameters for high impedance devices. LISN Acronym for Line Impedance Stabilization Network. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 437: Glossary
In this mode, the display indicates the minimum level at each frequency after several successive sweeps. Modulate To regulate or vary a characteristic of a signal, typically in order to transmit information. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 438 (kTB). The analyzer noise ﬂoor appears as a “grassy” baseline in the display, even when no signal is present. Open (Recall) Bring data into the application from a ﬁle of application-native format. OQPSK Acronym for Offset QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying). SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 439 ASK waves (see ASK). Real-Time Analysis Measurement technique based on triggering on an RF signal, seamlessly capturing it into memory, and analyzing it in the frequency, time, and modulation domains. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 440 Residual Response A spurious response in the absence of an input signal. (Noise and zero pip are excluded.) The RBW determines how well the analyzer can resolve or separate two or more closely spaced signal components. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 441 RefPos = Reference Positive in Volts DelNeg = Delta Negative in Volts (this is a positive value) RefNeg = Reference Negative in Volts The Ripple measurement, in Volts, is calculated as follows: Where: RatioPosV = DelPos/RefPos RatioNegV = DelNeg/RefNeg SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 442 Span = (stop frequency) - (start frequency). The settings for center, start and stop frequencies are related to the setting for span; when one parameter is changed, the others are changed automatically. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 443 A spur is a signal peak that exceeds a user-deﬁnable threshold (See Spurious > Settings > Ranges) and excursion setting. A spur that also exceeds a limit (either Absolute or Relative) speciﬁed on the Settings > Limits tab is considered a violation. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 444 RF signals. Vertical Scale Factor, Vertical Display Factor The number of dB, volts, etc., represented by one vertical division of a spectrum analyzer display screen. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 445 A violation is a spur that exceeds either an Absolute or Relative limit (depending on the selected mask) speciﬁed on the Settings > Limits tab. A spur is a signal peak that exceeds a user-deﬁnable threshold (See Spurious > Settings > Ranges) and excursion setting. SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 446 Glossary Violation SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 447: Index
Base ﬁle name Acquisition Info tab, 357 Options control panel, 27 FastSave tab, 377 acquisition memory usage, 373 Analysis Time tab (Analysis BER, 83 Actions tab control panel), 349 See also Tx BER Search, 347 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 448 Deviation, 36 Freq & BW tab, 72 OFDM Analysis Diagnostics, 404 Chan Power and Strength displays, 246 Diff display, 149 Data records Audio Summary display, 272 changing the input connector, 389 File Contents window, 380 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 449 DPX Spectra/Acq Data, 355 Freq Diff, Phase Diff setting, 261 FastFrame, 421 DPX Spectrum settings, 70 Freq Error, 36 FastSave DPXogram Freq Estimation tab conﬁguring, 376 DPX display, 62 Pulsed RF displays, 264 overview, 375 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 450 343 Magnitude Error vs. Time graticule, 423 is outside mask (search), 345 settings, 296 Graticule On/Off manuals, 4 RF Measurements mapping measurements, 392 displays, 225 marker, 425 grayed out, 424 Marker Noise mode, 340 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 451 Measurement Frequency, 351 No. of Non-Harmonics dialog), 21 Frequency tab, 352 Params2 tab, 275 Offset & Limits Table tab Measurement Length noise, 426 SEM display, 214 Time Params tab, 203 noise bandwidth (NBW), 426 Offset EVM, 35 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 452 149 analyzed, 258 Pass/Fail searches, 344 Power Threshold to Detect Pulses Pause Params tab, 258 Replay menu, 358 Pre-deﬁned Filters +Peak QAM, 427 Audio Filters tab, 276 Audio Summary display, 271 Quadrature Error, 34 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 453 Replay menu, 358 Replay from selected Sampling Parameters Tab, 372 SEM display, 208 Replay menu, 358 Save sensitivity, 430 Replay menu, 357 Ranges and Limits Tab, 177 Set to max BW, 112 Replay Speed tab, 357 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 454 413 Ranges and Limits table, 178 Symbol Table display, 305 span, 430 Sweep time, 71 Time Overview display, 90 span per division, 431 symbol maps, 324 Trellis Diagram display, 307 Symbol Rate, 36 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...
Page 455 Touch Screen Off, 9 Uniform (None) Filter Shape x dB Level, 169 Touch-screen Actions, 13 Spectrum display BW trace, 432 tab, 118 Trace 2 Units tab, 355 Zero Span Constellation display, 322 Upgrades, 404 DPX display, 62 SPECMON3 & SPECMON6 Printable Help...

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Specmon6