Inadvertent Generator Energization - ABB RELION 670 SERIES Applications Manual

Section 12
Multipurpose protection
12.1.2.4
604
• 80-95% Stator earth fault protection (measured or calculated 3Vo) (59GN)
• Rotor earth fault protection (with external COMBIFLEX RXTTE4 injection
unit) (64F)
• Underimpedance protection (21)
• Voltage Controlled/Restrained Overcurrent protection (51C, 51V)
• Turn-to-Turn & Differential Backup protection (directional Negative
Sequence. Overcurrent protection connected to generator HV terminal CTs
looking into generator) (67Q)
• Stator Overload protection (49S)
• Rotor Overload protection (49R)
• Loss of Excitation protection (directional pos. seq. OC protection) (40)
• Reverse power/Low forward power protection (directional pos. seq. OC
protection, 2% sensitivity) (32)
• Dead-Machine/Inadvertent-Energizing protection (51/27)
• Breaker head flashover protection
• Improper synchronizing detection
• Sensitive negative sequence generator over current protection and alarm (46)
• Phase or phase-to-phase or Negative/Positive/Zero Sequence over/under
voltage protection (27x, 59x, 47)
• Generator out-of-step detection (based on directional pos. seq. OC) (78)
• Inadvertent generator energizing

Inadvertent generator energization

When the generator is taken out of service, and stand-still, there is a risk that the generator
circuit breaker is closed by mistake.
Three-phase energizing of a generator, which is at standstill or on turning gear, causes it
to behave and accelerate similarly to an induction motor. The machine, at this point,
essentially represents the subtransient reactance to the system and it can be expected to
draw from one to four per unit current, depending on the equivalent system impedance.
Machine terminal voltage can range from 20% to 70% of rated voltage, again, depending
on the system equivalent impedance (including the block transformer). Higher quantities
of machine current and voltage (3 to 4 per unit current and 50% to 70% rated voltage) can
be expected if the generator is connected to a strong system. Lower current and voltage
values (1 to 2 per unit current and 20% to 40% rated voltage) are representative of weaker
systems.
Since a generator behaves similarly to an induction motor, high currents will develop in
the rotor during the period it is accelerating. Although the rotor may be thermally damaged
from excessive high currents, the time to damage will be on the order of a few seconds. Of
more critical concern, however, is the bearing, which can be damaged in a fraction of a
second due to low oil pressure. Therefore, it is essential that high speed tripping is
provided. This tripping should be almost instantaneous (< 100 ms).
1MRK 506 369-UUS -
Line distance protection REL670 2.2 ANSI
Application manual