Quadrilateral Characteristic For Phase Faults - GE MiCOM P40 Agile Technical Manual

Chapter 7 - Distance Protection
3.2.2.5 EARTH FAULT QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY
The inputs to the comparators used for the earth-fault Quadrilaterals are summarised in the following table:
Zone
Zone 1
Zone 1
Forward or Offset zones (except
Zone 1)
Forward or Offset zones (except
Zone 1)
Reverse
Reverse
Forward or Offset
Forward or Offset
Reverse
Reverse
If dynamic tilting is selected, then:
If I is I2 the lines are dynamically tilted up from the fixed angle (Forward sense)
LEAD
● If I is Iph, the fixed tilt applies.
LEAD
If I is I2, the lines are dynamically tilted down from the fixed angle (Forward sense)
●
LAG
● If I is Iph, the fixed tilt applies.
LAG
If fixed tilting is selected, then he current input quantity for S2 is Iph in all cases.
The positive sequence reach settings used for the Earth-Fault Quadrilateral characteristics are summarised in the
table below:
Zone Type
1 Ph-Earth Forward
2 Ph-Earth Forward
3 Ph-Earth Forward
3 Ph-Earth Reverse
3 Ph-Earth Offset
4 Ph-Earth Reverse
P Ph-Earth Forward
P Ph-Earth Reverse
P Ph-Earth Offset
Q Ph-Earth Forward
Q Ph-Earth Reverse
Q Ph-Earth Offset
where k = (Z - Z ) / 3Z
ZN 0 1
3.3

QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERISTIC FOR PHASE FAULTS

Quadrilateral characteristics are available for phase fault protection. A mix of Directional Forward, Directional
Reverse, and Offset characteristics is available. Zone 1 and Zone 2 are Directional Forward. Zone 4 is Directional
162
Line
Impedance Reach
Reverse Impedance Reach
Impedance Reach
Reverse Impedance Reach
Impedance Reach
Reverse Impedance Reach
Resistive Reach
Reverse Resistive Reach
Resistive Reach
Reverse Resistive Reach
Impedance Reach Z
Z1 Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
Z2 Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
Z3 Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
Z3 Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
Z3 Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
Z4 Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
ZP Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
ZP Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
ZQ Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
ZQ Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
ZQ Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
ZQ Gnd. Reach * (1 + kZN)
and is defined by two settings: kZN Res Comp and KZN Res Angle.
1
S1
Vph - Iph.Z
replica
Vph - Iph.Z'
replica
Vph - Iph.Z
replica
Vph - Iph.Z'
replica
Vph + Iph.Z
replica
Vph + Iph.Z'
replica
Vph - Iph.R
LP
Vph - Iph.R'
LP
Vph + Iph.R
LP
Vph + Iph.R'
LP
Reverse Impedance Reach Z'
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
Z3' Gnd Rev Rch * (1 + kZN)
Z
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
ZP' Gnd Rev Rch * (1 + kZN)
0.25 Z
0.25 Z
ZQ' Gnd Rev Rch * (1 + kZN)
P543i/P545i
S2 Condition
∠ σ
∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º
I
LAG
∠-3º
∠S1 -∠S2 > 0º
I
LAG
∠ σ
∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º
I
LEAD
∠-3º
∠S1 -∠S2 > 0º
I
LAG
∠ σ
∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º
-I
LEAD
∠-3º
∠S1 -∠S2 > 0º
-I
LAG
∠S1 -∠S2 > 0º
Iph.Z
replica
∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º
Iph.Z
replica
∠S1 -∠S2 > 0º
-Iph.Z
replica
∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º
-Iph.Z
replica
Reverse Resistive
Resistive Reach R
Reach R'
R1 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
R2 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
R3 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
R3 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
R3 Gnd Resistive R3' Ph Res. Rev
R4 Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RP Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RP Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RP Gnd Resistive RP' Gnd Res. Rev
RQ Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RQ Gnd Resistive 0.25 R
RQ Gnd Resistive RQ' Gnd Res. Rev
P54x1i-TM-EN-1