P543i/P545i
V02714
Figure 55: Offset mho characteristics – voltage domain
where: Z
is the replica forward reach and Z'
replica
With mutual compensation applied:
Z
= Z(1+k
replica
ZN
Z'
= Z'(1+k
replica
ZN
If the healthy phase currents are much less than the current of the faulty phase, then the neutral current is
approximately the same as the phase current, and the terms can be simplified as follows:
Z
= Z(1+k
replica
ZN
Z'
= Z'(1+k
replica
ZN
If the healthy phase currents are much less than the current of the faulty phase, and mutual current compensation
is not applied, then these terms can be simplified as follows:
@ Z(1+k
Z
replica
ZN
@ Z'(1+k
Z'
replica
ZN
So, as with the Directional Self-Polarized Mho characteristic for earth-faults, the Z
characteristic becomes static.
P54x1i-TM-EN-1
Z
Z
j
X
Z
Z
replica
Z
k
I
I
ZN
N
ph
.I
/I
+ k
.I
/I
)
N
ph
ZM
M
ph
.I
/I
+ k
.I
/I
)
N
ph
ZM
M
ph
+ k
.I
/I
)
ZM
M
ph
+ k
.I
/I
)
ZM
M
ph
)
)
-plane
LP
k
I
I
ZN
N
ph
Z
replica
Z
V
I
ph
is the replica reverse reach.
replica
Chapter 7 - Distance Protection
V
I
Z
ph
ph
replica
90°
R
Z
ph
replica
plane representation of the
LP
143