Rstp; Mstp; Stp And Rstp Limitations - HP V1910 Switch Series User Manual

BPDU with itself as the root and sends out the BPDUs and TCN BPDUs. This triggers a new spanning
tree calculation process to establish a new path to restore the network connectivity.
However, the newly calculated configuration BPDU cannot be propagated throughout the network
immediately, so the old root ports and designated ports that have not detected the topology change
continue forwarding data along the old path. If the new root ports and designated ports begin to
forward data as soon as they are elected, a temporary loop may occur.
STP timers
STP calculation involves the following timers: forward delay, hello time, and max age.
Forward delay

Forward delay is the delay time for state transition.
A path failure can cause spanning tree re-calculation to adapt the spanning tree structure to the change.
However, the resulting new configuration BPDU cannot propagate throughout the network immediately.
If the newly elected root ports and designated ports start to forward data right away, a temporary loop
is likely to occur.
For this reason, as a mechanism for state transition in STP, the newly elected root ports or designated
ports require twice the forward delay time before transiting to the forwarding state to ensure that the new
configuration BPDU has propagated throughout the network.
Hello time

The device sends hello packets at the hello time interval to the neighboring devices to ensure that the
paths are fault-free.
Max age

The device uses the max age to determine whether a stored configuration BPDU has expired and
discards it if the max age is exceeded.

RSTP

RSTP achieves rapid network convergence by allowing a newly elected root port or designated port to
enter the forwarding state much faster under certain conditions than STP.
A newly elected RSTP root port rapidly enters the forwarding state if the old root port on the device has
stopped forwarding data and the upstream designated port has started forwarding data.
A newly elected RSTP designated port rapidly enters the forwarding state if it is an edge port (which
directly connects to a user terminal rather than to another network device or a shared LAN segment) or
it connects to a point-to-point link (to another device). Edge ports directly enter the forwarding state.
Connecting to a point-to-point link, a designated port enters the forwarding state immediately after the
device receives a handshake response from the directly connected device.

MSTP

STP and RSTP limitations

STP does not support rapid state transition of ports. A newly elected port must wait twice the forward
delay time before transiting to the forwarding state, even if it connects to a point-to-point link or is an
edge port.
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