Directional Checks With Load Current - Siemens siprotec 7SA522 User Manual

Installation and Commissioning
8.3.2

Directional Checks with Load Current

Load Current ≥
10 % I
N
8-26
If the VT mcb is open the message "!)$,/ %XV 97 21" appears, if it is closed the
message "!)$,/ %XV 97 2))" is displayed.
The connections of the current and voltage transformers are checked using load cur-
rent on the protected line. The secondary load current must be at least 0.10 · I
load current should be in-phase or lagging the voltage (resistive or resistive-inductive
load). The direction of the load current must be known. If there is a doubt, network
loops should be opened or other action taken to guarantee the direction of the load
current. The line remains energized during this directional test.
The direction can be derived directly from the operational measured values. Initially
the correlation of the measured load direction with the actual direction of load flow is
checked. In this case the general situation is assumed whereby the forward direction
(measuring direction) extends from the busbar towards the line (Figure 8-13).
P positive, if real power flows into the line,
P negative, if real power flows towards the busbar,
Q positive, if reactive power flows into the line,
Q negative, if reactive power flows toward the busbar.
jQ
Positive reactive power
in
the direction of the line
Figure 8-13 Complex (apparent) power
The power measurement provides an initial indication as to whether the measured val-
ues have the correct polarity. If both the real power as well as the reactive power have
the wrong sign, the polarity in address  &7 6WDUSRLQW must be checked and
rectified.
The power measurement on its own is however not able to recognize all types of in-
correct connection. Accordingly, the impedances of all six measuring loops are eval-
uated. These can also be found as primary and secondary quantities in the operational
measured values (Sub-section 7.1.3.1).
All six measured loops must have the same impedance components (R and X). Small
variations may result due to the non-symmetry of the measured values. In addition the
following applies for all impedances when the load is in the first quadrant:
P
Positive real power in the
direction of the line
S
Load
. The
N
Negative reactive power
in
the direction of the line
7SA522 Manual
C53000-G1176-C119-2