Wlan Power Management; Pmu Sequencing - Infineon Cypress CYW43353 Manual

2.3 WLAN Power Management

All areas of the chip design are optimized to minimize power consumption. Silicon processes and cell libraries were chosen to
reduce leakage current and supply voltages. Additionally, the CYW43353 integrated RAM is a high Vt memory with dynamic clock
control. The dominant supply current consumed by the RAM is leakage current only. Additionally, the CYW43353 includes an
advanced WLAN power management unit (PMU) sequencer. The PMU sequencer provides significant power savings by putting the
CYW43353 into various power management states appropriate to the current environment and activities that are being performed.
The power management unit enables and disables internal regulators, switches, and other blocks based on a computation of the
required resources and a table that describes the relationship between resources and the time needed to enable and disable them.
Power-up sequences are fully programmable. Configurable, free-running counters (running at the 32.768 kHz LPO clock frequency)
in the PMU sequencer are used to turn on and turn off individual regulators and power switches. Clock speeds are dynamically
changed (or gated altogether) for the current mode. Slower clock speeds are used wherever possible.
The CYW43353 WLAN power states are described as follows:
Active mode— All WLAN blocks in the CYW43353 are powered up and fully functional with active carrier sensing and frame trans-
■
mission and receiving. All required regulators are enabled and put in the most efficient mode based on the load current. Clock
speeds are dynamically adjusted by the PMU sequencer.
Doze mode—The radio, analog domains, and most of the linear regulators are powered down. The rest of the CYW43353
■
remains powered up in an IDLE state. All main clocks (PLL, crystal oscillator or TCXO) are shut down to reduce active power con-
sumption to the minimum. The 32.768 kHz LPO clock is available only for the PMU sequencer. This condition is necessary to
allow the PMU sequencer to wake up the chip and transition to Active mode. In Doze mode, the primary power consumed is due
to leakage current.
Deep-sleep mode—Most of the chip, including both analog and digital domains, and most of the regulators are powered off. Logic
■
states in the digital core are saved and preserved into a retention memory in the always-ON domain before the digital core is pow-
ered off. Upon a wake-up event triggered by the PMU timers, an external interrupt, or a host resume through the SDIO bus, logic
states in the digital core are restored to their pre-deep-sleep settings to avoid lengthy HW reinitialization.
Power-down mode—The CYW43353 is effectively powered off by shutting down all internal regulators. The chip is brought out of
■
this mode by external logic reenabling the internal regulators.

2.4 PMU Sequencing

The PMU sequencer is responsible for minimizing system power consumption. It enables and disables various system resources
based on a computation of the required resources and a table that describes the relationship between resources and the time
needed to enable and disable them.
Resource requests may come from several sources: clock requests from cores, the minimum resources defined in the ResourceMin
register, and the resources requested by any active resource request timers. The PMU sequencer maps clock requests into a set of
resources required to produce the requested clocks.
Each resource is in one of four states (enabled, disabled, transition_on, and transition_off) and has a timer that contains 0 when the
resource is enabled or disabled and a nonzero value in the transition states. The timer is loaded with the time_on or time_off value of
the resource when the PMU determines that the resource must be enabled or disabled. That timer decrements on each 32.768 kHz
PMU clock. When it reaches 0, the state changes from transition_off to disabled or transition_on to enabled. If the time_on value is
0, the resource can go immediately from disabled to enabled. Similarly, a time_off value of 0 indicates that the resource can go
immediately from enabled to disabled. The terms enable sequence and disable sequence refer to either the immediate transition or
the timer load-decrement sequence.
Document Number: 002-14949 Rev. *G
PRELIMINARY
CYW43353
Page 12 of 113