4 mcu low-power modes and power reduction techniques (38 pages)
Summary of Contents for Infineon Cypress WICED CYW43903
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The document following this cover page is marked as “Cypress” document as this is the company that originally developed the product. Please note that Infineon will continue to offer the product to new and existing customers as part of the Infineon product portfolio.
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CYW43903 PRELIMINARY WICED™ IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n SoC with an Embedded Applications Processor The Cypress CYW43903 embedded wireless system-on-a-chip (SoC) is uniquely suited for Internet-of-Things applications. It sup- ports all rates specified in the IEEE 802.11 b/g/n specifications.The device includes an ARM Cortex-based applications processor, a single stream IEEE 802.11n MAC/baseband/radio, a power amplifier (PA), and a receive low-noise amplifier (LNA).
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PRELIMINARY CYW43903 General Features Supports battery voltage range from 3.0V to 4.8V with an 6 Kb OTP memory for storing board parameters. ■ ■ internal switching regulator. 151-ball WLBGA (4.91mm x 5.85mm, 0.4 mm pitch). ■ Programmable dynamic power management. ■...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 1. Overview 1.1 Introduction The Cypress CYW43903 is a single-chip device that provides the highest level of integration for an embedded system-on-a-chip with integrated IEEE 802.11 b/g/n MAC/baseband/radio and a separate ARM Cortex-R4 applications processor. It provides a small form- factor solution with minimal external components to drive down cost for mass volumes and allows for an embedded system with flexibility in size, form, and function.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 1.1.1 Features The CYW43903 supports the following features: ARM Cortex-R4 clocked at 160 MHz. ■ 1 MB of SRAM and 640 KB ROM available for the applications processor. ■ One high-speed 4-wire UART interface with operation up to 4 Mbps. ■...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 2. Power Supplies and Power Management 2.1 Power Supply Topology One core buck regulator, multiple LDO regulators, and a power management unit (PMU) are integrated into the CYW43903. All regulators are programmable via the PMU. These blocks simplify power supply design for application and WLAN functions in embedded designs.
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PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Figure 3. Typical Power Topology (Page 1 of 2) WLRF TX Mixer and PA (not always) 1.2V CYW43903 1.2V Cap-less WLRF LOGEN LNLDO Cap-less 1.2V WLRF LNA LNLDO VBAT 1.2V Cap-less Operational: 2.3V to 4.8V WLRF AFE and TIA VCOLDO Performance: 3.0V to 4.8V 1.2V...
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PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Figure 4. Typical Power Topology (Page 2 of 2) CYW43903 2.5V and 3.3V 450 to 800 mA WLRF PA 3.3V VBAT LDO3P3 WLRF Pad VDDIO_RF WL OTP 3.3V 2.5V Cap-less WL RF RX, TX, NMOS, Mini-PMU LDOs LNLDO 2.5V Cap-less 2.5V WL RF VCO...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 2.3 Power Management The CYW43903 has been designed with the stringent power consumption requirements of mobile devices in mind. All areas of the chip design are optimized to minimize power consumption. Silicon processes and cell libraries were chosen to reduce leakage current and supply voltages.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 During each clock cycle, the PMU sequencer performs the following actions: Computes the required resource set based on requests and the resource dependency table. ■ Decrements all timers whose values are nonzero. If a timer reaches 0, the PMU clears the ResourcePending bit of the resource ■...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 3. Frequency References An external crystal is used for generating all radio frequencies and normal-operation clocking. As an alternative, an external frequency reference can be used. In addition, a low-power oscillator (LPO) is provided for lower power mode timing. 3.1 Crystal Interface and Clock Generation The CYW43903 can use an external crystal to provide a frequency reference.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 3.2 External Frequency Reference As an alternative to a crystal, an external precision frequency reference can be used, provided that it meets the phase noise require- ments listed in Table If used, the external clock should be connected to the WRF_XTAL_XON pin through an external 1000 pF coupling capacitor, as shown Figure 6.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 3.3 External 32.768 kHz Low-Power Oscillator The CYW43903 uses a secondary low frequency clock for low-power-mode timing. Either the internal low-precision LPO or an external 32.768 kHz precision oscillator is required. The internal LPO frequency range is approximately 33 kHz ± 30% over process, voltage, and temperature, which is adequate for some applications.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 4. Applications Subsystem 4.1 Overview The Applications subsystem contains the general use CPU, memory, the standalone DMA core, the cryptography core, and the majority of the external interfaces. 4.2 Applications CPU and Memory Subsystem This subsystem has an integrated 32-bit ARM Cortex-R4 processor with an internal 32 KB D-cache and an internal 32 KB I-cache. The ARM Cortex-R4 is a low-power processor that features a low gate count, low interrupt latency, and low-cost debugging capabil- ities.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 5. Applications Subsystem External Interfaces 5.1 GPIO There are 17 general-purpose I/O (GPIO) pins available on the CYW43903. The GPIOs can be used to connect to various external devices. Upon power-up and reset, these pins are tristated. Subsequently, they can be programmed to be either input or output pins via the GPIO control register.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 5.4 PWM The CYW43903 provides up to six independent pulse width modulation (PWM) channels. The following features apply to the PWM channels: Each channel is a square wave generator with a programmable duty cycle. ■ Each channel generates its duty cycle by dividing down the input clock. ■...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 5.7 SPI CYW43903 contains one SPI block. This block support a fixed SPI mode (CPOL = 0, CPHA = 0) and 8-bit data read/write. CPOL = 0: Clock idles at 0, and each cycle consists of a pulse of 1. The leading edge is a rising edge, and the trailing edge is a ■...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 6. Global Functions 6.1 External Coexistence Interface An external handshake interface is available to enable signaling between the device and an external colocated wireless device, such as Bluetooth, to manage wireless medium sharing for optimum performance. Figure 7 shows the coexistence interface.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 6.4 System Boot Sequence The following general sequence occurs after a CYW43903 is powered on: 1. Either REG_ON or HIB_REG_ON_IN is asserted. Note: For HIB_REG_ON_IN to function as intended, HIB_REG_ON_OUT must be connected to REG_ON. 2. The core LDO (CLDO) and LDO3P3 outputs stabilize. 3.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 7. Wireless LAN Subsystem 7.1 WLAN CPU and Memory Subsystem The CYW43903 WLAN section includes an integrated 32-bit ARM Cortex-R4 processor with internal RAM and ROM. The ARM Cortex- R4 is a low-power processor that features a low gate count, a small interrupt latency, and low-cost debug capabilities. It is intended for deeply embedded applications that require fast interrupt response features.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Support for RTS/CTS and CTS-to-self frame sequences for protecting frame exchanges. ■ Back-off counters in hardware for supporting multiple priorities as specified in the WMM specification. ■ Timing synchronization function (TSF), network allocation vector (NAV) maintenance, and target beacon transmission time ■...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 7.2.4 RXE The receive engine (RXE) constitutes the receive data path of the MAC. It interfaces with the DMA engine to drain the received frames from the RXFIFO. It transfers bytes across the MAC-PHY interface and interfaces with the WEP module to decrypt frames. The decrypted data is stored in the RXFIFO.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 ™ 7.3 IEEE 802.11 b/g/n PHY The CYW43903 WLAN digital PHY complies with IEEE 802.11b/g/n single-stream specifications to provide wireless LAN connectivity supporting data rates from 1 Mbps to 72 Mbps for low-power, high-performance, handheld applications. The PHY has been designed to work in the presence of interference, radio nonlinearity, and various other impairments. It incorporates optimized implementations of filters, FFTs, and Viterbi-decoder algorithms.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 8. WLAN Radio Subsystem The CYW43903 includes an integrated WLAN RF transceiver that has been optimized for use in 2.4 GHz Wireless LAN systems. It has been designed to provide low-power, low-cost, and robust communications for applications operating in the globally available 2.4 GHz unlicensed ISM band.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 9.3 Signal Descriptions Table 8 provides the signal name, type, and description for each CYW43903 ball. The symbols shown under Type indicate pin directions (I/O = bidirectional, I = input, and O = output) and the internal pull-up/pull-down characteristics (PU = weak internal pull-up resistor and PD = weak internal pull-down resistor), if any.
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PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Table 8. Signal Descriptions (Cont.) Ball Number Signal Name Type Description Hibernation Block, Power-Down/Power-Up, and Reset REG_ON Used by PMU to power up or power down the internal CYW43903 regulators used by the WLAN and APP sections. Also, when deasserted, this pin holds the WLAN and APP sections in reset.
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PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Table 8. Signal Descriptions (Cont.) Ball Number Signal Name Type Description – PWM4 Pulse width modulation bit 4 – PWM5 Pulse width modulation bit 5 RF Signal Interface (WLAN) WRF_RFIN_2G 2.4 GHz WLAN receiver input RF_GND_P3 RF ground WRF_PAOUT_2G 2.4 GHz WLAN PA output RF_GND_P2...
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PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Table 8. Signal Descriptions (Cont.) Ball Number Signal Name Type Description LDO_VDD1P5 LNLDO input LDO_VDDBAT5V LDO VBAT WRF_XTAL_VDD1P35 XTAL LDO input (1.35V) WRF_XTAL_VDD1P2 XTAL LDO output (1.2V) VOUT_LNLDO Terminate with 2.2 μF capacitor to GND VOUT_CLDO Output of core LDO VOUT_3P3 LDO 3.3V output VOUT_CLDO_SENSE...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 10. GPIO Signals and Strapping Options 10.1 Overview This section describes GPIO signals and strapping options. The pins are sampled at power-on reset (POR) to determine various operating modes. Sampling occurs a few milliseconds after an internal POR or deassertion of the external POR. After the POR, each pin assumes the GPIO or alternative function specified in Table 10.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 10.4 Alternate GPIO Signal Functions Table 10 provides the alternate signal functions of the GPIO signals. Table 10. Alternate GPIO Signal Functions HOLD/PDLOW/ GPIO Default JTAG_SEL Default Pull PDHIGH Strap Comments GPIO_0 – – No pull HOLD – 8 mA GPIO_1 –...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 12. I/O States Table 12 provides I/O state information for the signals listed. The following notations are used in Table I: Input signal ■ O: Output signal ■ I/O: Input/Output signal ■ PU = Pulled up ■ PD = Pulled down ■...
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PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Table 12. I/O States Out-of-Reset; Before Low Power State/Sleep (All Power-down Software Download Ball Name Keeper Active Mode Power Present) (REG_ON Held Low) (REG_ON High) Power Rail GPIO_6 Input/Output; PU, PD, or Input/Output; PU, PD, or NoPull High-Z, NoPull Input;...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 13. Electrical Characteristics Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on the results of device characterization. 13.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Caution! The absolute maximum ratings in Table 13 indicate levels where permanent damage to the device can occur, even if these limits are exceeded for only a brief duration.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 13.2 Environmental Ratings The environmental ratings are shown in Table Table 14. Environmental Ratings Characteristic Value Units Conditions/Comments Ambient temperature (T –30 to +85 °C Functional operation Storage temperature –40 to +125 °C – Relative humidity Less than 60 Storage Less than 85 Operation...
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PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Table 16. Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics (Cont.) Value Parameter Symbol Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Other Digital I/O Pins For VDDIO = 1.8V: Input high voltage 0.65 × VDDIO – – Input low voltage – – 0.35 × VDDIO Output high voltage @ 2 mA VDDIO –...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 13.5 Power Supply Segments The digital I/O's are placed in physical segments. The supply voltage for each segment can be independently selected. Table 17 shows the power supply segments and the I/O pins associated with each segment. Table 17. Power Supply Segments Power Supply Segment Pins VDDIO...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 14. WLAN RF Specifications 14.1 Introduction The CYW43903 includes an integrated direct conversion radio that supports the 2.4 GHz band. This section describes the RF characteristics of the 2.4 GHz radio. Note: Values in this section of the data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on device characterization results. Unless otherwise stated, limit values apply for the conditions specified in Table 14, “Environmental Ratings,”...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 14.5 General Spurious Emissions Specifications This section provides the TX and RX spurious emissions specifications for the WLAN 2.4 GHz band. The recommended spectrum analyzer settings for the spurious emissions specifications are provided in Table Table 22. Recommended Spectrum Analyzer Settings Parameter Setting Resolution bandwidth (RBW)
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 15. Internal Regulator Electrical Specifications 15.1 Core Buck Switching Regulator Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on device characterization results. Note: Functional operation is not guaranteed outside of the specification limits provided in this section. Table 25.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 15.2 3.3V LDO (LDO3P3) Table 26. LDO3P3 Specifications Specification Notes Min. Typ. Max. Units Input supply voltage, V Min. = V + 0.2V = 3.5V dropout voltage requirement must be met under maximum load for performance specifications. Output current –...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 15.3 CLDO Table 27. CLDO Specifications Specification Notes Min. Typ. Max. Units Input supply voltage, V Min. = 1.2 + 0.15V = 1.35V dropout voltage requirement must be met 1.35 under maximum load. Output current – – Output voltage, V Programmable in 10 mV steps.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 15.4 LNLDO Table 28. LNLDO Specifications Specification Notes Min. Typ. Max. Units Input supply voltage, Vin Min. V + 0.15V = 1.35V (where V = 1.2V)dropout voltage 1.35 requirement must be met under maximum load. Output current – –...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 15.5 BBPLL LDO Table 29. BBPLL LDO Specifications Parameter Conditions and Comments Min. Typ. Max. Units Input supply voltage, V Min. V + 0.15V = 1.35V (for V = 1.2V). 1.35 The dropout voltage requirement must be met under maximum load.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 16. System Power Consumption Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on the results of device characterization. Note: Unless otherwise stated, these values apply for the conditions specified in Table 16, “Recommended Operating Conditions and Characteristics,”.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 17.1.2 Write-Register Timing Figure 14 shows the SPI flash extended and quad write-register timing. Note: Regarding Figure 1. All write-register commands except Write Lock Register are supported. 2. The waveform must be extended for each protocol: to 23 for extended and five for quad. 3.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 17.1.5 SPI Flash Parameters The combination of Figure 17 Table 31 provide the SPI flash timing parameters. Figure 17. SPI Flash Timing Parameters Diagram T_DVCH Clock (C) T_CHDX Data in (D (DQ1 in Serial [Extended] mode) (DQ[3:0] in Quad mode) T_CLQX Data out (D (DQ0 in Serial [Extended] mode)
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 18. Power-Up Sequence and Timing 18.1 Sequencing of Reset and Regulator Control Signals The CYW43903 has two signals that allow the host to control power consumption by enabling or disabling the internal regulator blocks. These signals are described below. Additionally, diagrams are provided to indicate proper sequencing of the signals for various operational states (see Figure 18 Figure...
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 21. Ordering Information Operating Ambient Part Number Package Description Temperature CYW43903KUBG 4.91 mm x 5.85 mm, 0.4 mm ball pitch, – –30°C to +85°C 151-pin WLBGA 22. Additional Information 22.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations In most cases, acronyms and abbreviations are defined upon first use. For a more complete list of acronyms and other terms used in Cypress documents, go to: http://www.cypress.com/glossary.
PRELIMINARY CYW43903 Sales, Solutions, and Legal Information Worldwide Sales and Design Support Cypress maintains a worldwide network of offices, solution centers, manufacturer’s representatives, and distributors. To find the office closest to you, visit us at Cypress Locations. ® Products PSoC Solutions ®...