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Intel NIOS II manual available for free PDF download: Owner Reference Manual
Intel NIOS II Owner Reference Manual (233 pages)
Brand:
Intel
| Category:
Computer Hardware
| Size: 2.25 MB
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
2
1 Introduction
8
Nios II Processor System Basics
8
Getting Started with the Nios II Processor
9
Customizing Nios II Processor Designs
10
Configurable Soft Processor Core Concepts
11
Configurable Soft Processor Core
11
Flexible Peripheral Set and Address Map
11
Automated System Generation
12
Intel FPGA IP Evaluation Mode
13
Introduction Revision History
13
2 Processor Architecture
14
Processor Implementation
15
Register File
16
Arithmetic Logic Unit
17
Unimplemented Instructions
17
Custom Instructions
17
Introduction to Nios II Floating Point Custom Instructions
18
Reset and Debug Signals
21
Exception and Interrupt Controllers
22
Exception Controller
22
EIC Interface
23
Internal Interrupt Controller
23
Memory and I/O Organization
24
Instruction and Data Buses
25
Cache Memory
27
Tightly-Coupled Memory
29
Address Map
30
Memory Management Unit
30
Memory Protection Unit
31
JTAG Debug Module
32
JTAG Target Connection
32
Download and Execute Software
33
Software Breakpoints
33
Hardware Breakpoints
33
Hardware Triggers
33
Trace Capture
34
Processor Architecture Revision History
35
3 Programming Model
36
Operating Modes
36
Supervisor Mode
36
User Mode
37
Memory Management Unit
37
Recommended Usage
37
Memory Management
38
Address Space and Memory Partitions
39
TLB Organization
41
TLB Lookups
42
Memory Protection Unit
43
Memory Regions
43
Overlapping Regions
45
Enabling the MPU
45
Registers
45
General-Purpose Registers
45
Control Registers
46
Shadow Register Sets
65
Working with the MPU
68
MPU Region Read and Write Operations
68
MPU Initialization
69
Debugger Access
69
Working with ECC
69
Enabling ECC
69
Handling ECC Errors
70
Injecting ECC Errors
70
Exception Processing
74
Terminology
74
Exception Overview
75
Exception Latency
77
Reset Exceptions
77
Break Exceptions
78
Interrupt Exceptions
79
Instruction-Related Exceptions
83
Other Exceptions
88
Exception Processing Flow
88
Determining the Cause of Interrupt and Instruction-Related Exceptions
93
Handling Nested Exceptions
94
Handling Nonmaskable Interrupts
96
Masking and Disabling Exceptions
96
Memory and Peripheral Access
98
Cache Memory
99
Instruction Set Categories
100
Data Transfer Instructions
100
Arithmetic and Logical Instructions
101
Move Instructions
101
Comparison Instructions
102
Shift and Rotate Instructions
102
Program Control Instructions
103
Other Control Instructions
104
Custom Instructions
104
No-Operation Instruction
105
Potential Unimplemented Instructions
105
Programming Model Revision History
105
4 Instantiating the Nios II Processor
106
Main Nios II Tab
106
Vectors Tab
107
Reset Vector
107
Exception Vector
108
Fast TLB Miss Exception Vector
108
Caches and Memory Interfaces Tab
109
Instruction Cache
110
Flash Accelerator
111
Data Cache
111
Tightly-Coupled Memories
111
Peripheral Region
112
Arithmetic Instructions Tab
112
Arithmetic Instructions
112
Arithmetic Implementation
113
MMU and MPU Settings Tab
113
Mmu
114
Mpu
115
JTAG Debug Tab
115
Advanced Features Tab
117
Ecc
117
Interrupt Controller Interfaces
118
Shadow Register Sets
118
Reset Signals
118
CPU ID Control Register Value
119
Generate Trace File
119
Exception Checking
119
Branch Prediction
120
RAM Memory Protection
120
The Quartus Prime IP File
120
Instantiating the Nios II Processor Revision History
120
5 Nios II Core Implementation Details
121
Device Family Support
121
Nios II/F Core
122
Overview
122
Arithmetic Logic Unit
123
Memory Access
124
Tightly-Coupled Memory
127
Memory Management Unit
128
Memory Protection Unit
128
Execution Pipeline
129
Instruction Performance
130
Exception Handling
131
Ecc
133
JTAG Debug Module
134
Nios II/S Core
135
Overview
135
Arithmetic Logic Unit
135
Memory Access
137
Tightly-Coupled Memory
138
Execution Pipeline
138
Instruction Performance
139
Exception Handling
140
JTAG Debug Module
140
Nios II/E Core
140
Overview
141
Arithmetic Logic Unit
141
Memory Access
141
Instruction Execution Stages
141
Instruction Performance
142
Exception Handling
142
JTAG Debug Module
142
Nios II Core Implementation Details Revision History
143
6 Nios II Processor Versions
144
Nios II Versions
144
Architecture Revisions
144
Core Revisions
145
Nios II/F Core
145
Nios II/S Core
145
Nios II/E Core
145
JTAG Debug Module Revisions
145
Nios II Processor Versions Revision History
145
7 Application Binary Interface
146
Data Types
146
Memory Alignment
146
Register Usage
147
Stacks
148
Frame Pointer Elimination
149
Call Saved Registers
149
Further Examples of Stacks
149
Function Prologues
151
Arguments and Return Values
152
Arguments
153
Return Values
153
DWARF-2 Definition
154
Object Files
154
Relocation
154
ABI for Linux Systems
157
Linux Toolchain Relocation Information
157
Linux Function Calls
160
Linux Operating System Call Interface
161
Linux Process Initialization
162
Linux Position-Independent Code
162
Linux Program Loading and Dynamic Linking
164
Linux Conventions
167
Development Environment
167
Application Binary Interface Revision History
168
8 Instruction Set Reference
169
Word Formats
169
I-Type
169
R-Type
169
J-Type
170
Instruction Opcodes
170
Assembler Pseudo-Instructions
172
Assembler Macros
172
Instruction Set Reference
173
Add
174
Addi
175
And
176
Andhi
177
Andi
177
Beq
178
Bge
178
Bgeu
179
Bgt
179
Bgtu
180
Ble
180
Bleu
180
Blt
181
Bltu
181
Bne
182
Break
183
Bret
184
Call
184
Callr
185
Cmpeq
185
Cmpeqi
186
Cmpge
186
Cmpgei
187
Cmpgeu
188
Cmpgeui
188
Cmpgt
189
Cmpgti
189
Cmpgtu
189
Cmpgtui
190
Cmple
190
Cmplei
190
Cmpleu
191
Cmpleui
191
Cmplt
191
Cmplti
192
Cmpltu
193
Cmpltui
193
Cmpne
194
Cmpnei
194
Custom
195
DIV
196
Divu
197
Eret
197
Flushd
198
Flushda
199
Flushi
200
Flushp
201
Initd
201
Initda
203
Initi
204
Jmp
205
Jmpi
205
Ldb / Ldbio
206
Ldbu / Ldbuio
207
Ldh / Ldhio
208
Ldhu / Ldhuio
209
Ldw / Ldwio
210
Mov
211
Movhi
211
Movi
212
Movia
212
Movui
212
Mul
213
Muli
214
Mulxss
214
Mulxsu
215
Mulxuu
215
Nextpc
216
Nop
217
Nor
217
Orhi
218
Ori
218
Rdctl
219
Rdprs
219
Ret
220
Rol
220
Roli
221
Ror
221
Sll
222
Slli
222
Sra
223
Srai
223
Srl
224
Srli
225
Stb / Stbio L
225
Sth / Sthio
226
Stw / Stwio
227
Sub
228
Subi
229
Sync
229
Trap
230
Wrctl
230
Wrprs
231
Xor
232
Xorhi
232
Xori
233
Instruction Set Reference Revision History
233
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