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4. Respiration Monitoring
4.1. Overview of Respiration Monitoring
Respiration monitoring works by measuring the impedance between the LL and
RA electrodes (or the R and F electrodes for IEC lead designations). The
impedance changes as the patient's chest expands and contracts during the breath
cycle. To measure the changes in impedance, the PPM3 passes a very small,
high-frequency current between the electrodes. This current is too small to cause
any harm to the patient or any interference with ECG monitoring.
The Respiration monitoring capabilities of the Nightingale PPM3 include:
• Calculating the average respiration rate (RR) in respirations per minute
• Displaying the respiration waveform continuously
The same electrodes are used for both ECG and Respiration monitoring.
Note – PPM3 models configured with capnography modules are also able to calculate
RR from the CO
waveform. See the CO
2
information.
4.2. Getting Started with Respiration on the PPM3
To begin monitoring Respiration, follow the patient preparation and electrode
placement procedures that are described at the start of the ECG monitoring
chapter of this manual.
4.3. Checking the Respiration Signal
When you have connected the patient to the monitor, you should be able to see a
clean, slowly oscillating Respiration signal on the PPM3 display. This may take
up to 30 seconds after the patient has been connected. The PPM3 should also
display the patient's respiration rate (RR) and alarm limit settings.
April 2019
Respiration Monitoring
monitoring chapter in this user's guide for more
2
N i g h t i n g a l e P P M 3 U s e r ' s G u i d e
4-1
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