Introduction To Elements - GE UR Series Instruction Manual

5 SETTINGS
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SETTINGS
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TRANSDUCER I/O
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SETTINGS
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TESTING
In the design of UR relays, the term "element" is used to describe a feature that is based around a comparator. The com-
parator is provided with an input (or set of inputs) that is tested against a programmed setting (or group of settings) to deter-
mine if the input is within the defined range that will set the output to logic 1, also referred to as "setting the flag". A single
comparator may make multiple tests and provide multiple outputs; for example, the time overcurrent comparator sets a
Pickup flag when the current input is above the setting and sets an Operate flag when the input current has been at a level
above the pickup setting for the time specified by the time-current curve settings. All comparators, except the Digital Ele-
ment which uses a logic state as the input, use analog parameter actual values as the input.
Elements are arranged into two classes, GROUPED and CONTROL. Each element classed as a GROUPED element is
provided with eight alternate sets of settings, in setting groups numbered 1 through 8. The performance of a GROUPED
element is defined by the setting group that is active at a given time. The performance of a CONTROL element is indepen-
dent of the selected active setting group.
The main characteristics of an element are shown on the element scheme logic diagram. This includes the input(s), set-
tings, fixed logic, and the output operands that are generated (abbreviations used on scheme logic diagrams are defined in
Appendix F).
Some settings for current and voltage elements are specified in per-unit (pu) calculated quantities:
pu quantity = (actual quantity) / (base quantity)
• For current elements, the 'base quantity' is the nominal secondary or primary current of the CT. Where the current
source is the sum of two CTs with different ratios, the 'base quantity' will be the common secondary or primary current
to which the sum is scaled (i.e. normalized to the larger of the 2 rated CT inputs). For example, if CT1 = 300 / 5 A and
CT2 = 100 / 5 A, then in order to sum these, CT2 is scaled to the CT1 ratio. In this case, the 'base quantity' will be 5 A
secondary or 300 A primary.
• For voltage elements, the 'base quantity' is the nominal secondary or primary voltage of the VT.
Some settings are common to most elements and are discussed below:
FUNCTION Setting
This setting programs the element to be operational when selected as "Enabled". The factory default is "Disabled". Once
programmed to "Enabled", any element associated with the Function becomes active and all options become available.
GE Power Management
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REMOTE OUTPUTS
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UserSt BIT PAIRS
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DIRECT
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RESETTING
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DCMA INPUTS
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RTD INPUTS
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TEST MODE
FUNCTION:
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FORCE CONTACT
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INPUTS
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FORCE CONTACT
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OUTPUTS
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CHANNEL TESTS
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L90 Line Differential Relay
5.1 OVERVIEW
See page 5-157.
See page 5-158.
See page 5-160.
See page 5-161.
See page 5-162.
See page 5-163.
See page 5-163.
See page 5-163.
See page 5-164.

5.1.2 INTRODUCTION TO ELEMENTS

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